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JI^Ti ABawaxB TOMy nasa^^, oahhx H3B'6cTHEifi pyccBÍfi y^eeuň 
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rjuisi, ^xo MHorie crjohhu ho saii^qaxb hxi. FoBopaTi, roHepajx 

Tom v.— OKTOTPb, 1902. 28 i 



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se nocuj[ajrB bo b(A ificxa TpeÓOBaHÍfl o AOcrasKii He^ocTaioii^aro. 
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ee, — Tsjbjíh asTopa Óy^eTB bhojhí sociHrnyTa. 

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saBJíioHaerB fb ce6^ bcí — HH^ion^ie npaMoe hjih BocBeHHoe, nasnoe 
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CTBeBBoe SHa^enie, 

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bíh) tojbbo-hto csasaHHaro, yczoBBMca oxHOCBTejibBO Tonaaro 
CMHCja ciOBi „ofin^ecTBeHBoe SHa^eHie", — ciuaciay wh sasoirB ohh 
yaie ynoxpe&ieHEi BanH b 6yAyrB ynoTpetíiaxbca. Bcasifi o6uie- 
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j^epsasia BaM^qeHBuxi qexupex'B rpynni coi^íaibBEixi aBsenifi. 



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jojTjrapAOBx, BTi FepMaHiH XVI-ro — ceRxa anafianxHCxoBi, bo ^panipH 
1796 r. — „xaftHaa jHHpeRxopia** Ba6e(|^a, h x. n. y^pes^eHifl axoft 
RaxeropÍR oxjiRqaioxcfl oojinifiniefi xeopexHiecROio HenpHMHpHMOcxBio 
Ch ocHOBaMR rocnoACTByioniaro cxpoa. Obh RpafiHe ptxRO 6uBaK>x% 

CHJTBHBJ Bl A'%fiCXBHXejeíBHOCXR H RHROr^a HRPA^ HB AOCTRPaiOTl BHOJrat 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



COipOJOrifl H HCTOPHTOCROB nOSHAHIE. 439 

cBOHxii qt^efi, HO Bcerxa ho^th ycn^BaiarB pasBHTb ^o caimrB 
BpafiHHXi npeA^joB^ rb HeÓojbinifl chjth, ROTopufl, Booti^e, Ha- 
xoAflTCff Bi Hxii ynorpedieHÍH. Ilpas^a, ne bo Bcb MOMeHTii CBoefi 
HCTopa^ecEOfi shbhh ohh bto ^t&iaioTB, ;^a h Tor^a HH^ero nojio- 
SHTejibHaro (bi cmbicjí nojaaro ocyn^ecTBiieHifl cBoett n/bjíií) ohh 
He AOCTHrajfH hh pasy. Mu aaSBajH erH nojtHTHqecKÍfl y^pem^eHlfl 
pinrHTejrbHUMH sparaMH TOi[bRo dBOHOMHqecRaro, ho hrboki ne 
nojiraTH^ecKaro crpon, oaaTb-TaBH ^Re^afl coxpaHHTb boshojrho Óbjíhutee 
cooTBi&TCTBÍe Mes^y cJiOBaMH H peajrbHOOTflHH: Ha canoirB xkvbj 
napTÍH, «ejiaBmÍH p^mHrejBHaro yHHHxoaeHÍH nojHrnnecRaro cTpofl, 
HH 61 RaROMi cjyqa^ ne MoryTx 6£itb nasBaHH ctojtb ranH^HUMB, 
BaB^B rby ROTopuA CTpeHHJiHeB Ri yHHTromeHÍR) SROHOMH^ecRaro. 
HanpHMÍpí, $ypBe 6£iji'b cosepmenno paBHOAymeH*B vh hojihthrí 
H uojiHTHqeeROMy crpoio, a ýiacRO ^^ypbepHSMa, cb totch sp^nÍH 
oOmecTBOBiA^HÍfl, MHoro HoyHHTejBHÍe, neaceJiH cy^tíii npHBepaReH- 
uewb JIe;(pH>-PojjeHa, BOTopuft apocTHO BOsciaBaj^ npOTHB^ ROpo- 
jiescBaro cana h HH^ero ne hm^jiii npOTHBx cyn^ecTBOBaBoiaro bko- 
BOMH^ecBaro crpoa. HcTopia HaoaAemft na eHOHOMmecKtú crpofi 
BTb CBflSH c% HCTopieft npaBHTejiBCTBeHHo& H HHOfi oxpaHBi ero, 
xapaRTepHsyerb niiro ropaa^o 6ojvbe nocroflHHoe, MeueHH*e hsm'!- 
HflK)^^eecfl, hí^to bi ropas^o Óojitmeft M4p4 nowaion^eecfl naÓJíK)- 
jteniio H aeaiiHsy, HemejiH Hcropifl nana^eHifi h oxpanii, 6opR)- 
n^Hxefl CB nepeM^HnEiM^ ycirbxoMi na noBepxHOCTH Hcropn^ecROR 
SH8HH, BORpyrb T^xi HJiH HHEExi noAumuHecHíAM AexajieS erpoH. 
Bb XVn-Mi B']kRÍ, BB Ahijiíh, HapTÍfl JieBC^JiepoB^ 6fiiJia HHqroaiHa 

no CHJiaHl CBOHMl, COCTOflJia HSl JH>j(eS BeCBMa COMHHredlBHEIX^ 

yMCTBCHHuxi Ra^ecTB^ H o6pasoBaHÍH Toň me npo(JBi, — h tšitb ho 
MeH^e Hxi HCTopifl 6oA^^ xapaRTepea bi» rjiasaxi oSn^ecTBOB^Aa, 
HearejH, HanpHH^p^, TaR% xyAOJRecTBeHHO ooHcannoe MaROJveeM^ 
onpaBAarie comh enncRonoBi cy^OMi npHCB)RHBixi vh HHRy laROBy II, 
BOTOpBifi víYb BeHaBHA'6jr'B sa onnodnqioHHoe noBe^eoie. JlK)6on£iT- 
Hafl ^epra: b-b rpoMa^HOH^ 6ojiBniHHCTBŠ ejetyTOOB^B dTH RpafiHifl 
napTÍH, oTBepraiomifl aROHOMH^ecRÍfi ctpoft, He tojibro TepnHTi He- 
y^aiy, ho HHorjna npAMO ao RypBesa ĎBiBaiorB HenonyjiflpHH h 6e3- 
ČHJGíBHu (ecceH Hocji* loaHHa KpecTHTejfl, raocTHRB - RapnoRpa- 
TÍaBi^u vh ÁjreRcaHxpÍH II — III bb., ROMiiyfiHCTCRiH pasB^tEJieHÍff 
MopMOHOBi Bi Cfeepnofi AnepHR*, t* »e jieBe-ijepu bi AMvim 
XVII-ro bírb h t. h.), h tími> ne MeH*e, HMeflHO btok) bpbok> 
MeproK) cBoero ÓeacHJiiH BecBMa qacTO cyABÍa laRHXi RpallHHX^ 
rpyn^^ ooB^n^ieTi CBoeoGpasHo h MHorosHaqHTejBHO HaH6oji'6e 
BamBBTfl H aoárroB^TOBifl cTopoHH ofiniecTBeHHaro cípoa. Ecjh reo- 
rpa4>H OTMěnaiOTx h xaace bosboj^atb Hnor^a b'b npHHi^Hn^B RjiaccH- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



440 BMTHHKrb EBPOmi. 

(|)HKa^iH RJIHMaTH9eCBHX'B nOflCOB'^ ne TOIBKO ^9JLTb 0KU3HU HBB^CT- 

B£ix'B pacreHÍfi b'b a^heom-b luiiusi^rby bo h ^^aBxi cjieepím^ b'b 
TOMi se KíiHMaxi Apyraxi pacieHÍK, to couio-aory, npa ero y6o- 
TBxi> HaTepiajaxiy npa Macc^ nycTuxi h BupBaHHEixs cxpaHHirB 
B'B TOň BaaHBoň BBHrt, OTRy^a ob'b jijojsiewb ^epnaiB no^xH bcí 
BasH-biSniiH cboh sHaHÍfl, coulojory^ bí^ho npHSBaHHOMy pimaTB 
OAHO ypaBHeHÍe cl MaccoK) BeHSB^CTfluxi, otbioab ne Ha^JemATB 
ÓpesraTb ne tojbeo noaosHTejLBUMH, ho h oxpHi^aTejKHiiMH Aaa- 
hhmh: OHI cM^o Moserb aaaHTepecoBaTbca ne tojisro tíh'l, ^to 
ymeepoicdaemh auiSHB cbok), ho h t^mi, hto ^xnerB h viAÚnerh. 
Hey^a^a h ÓescHJiie ecceoBi 6pocaK)TB cb^ti* na to, KaRÍa cto- 

pOHH XpHCTiaHCTBa AO^SHU Cv^yTl BB III, IV, V BÍBaX^B OTOfiXH 

Ha saABÍň HJiaH^B, a Basia CTopoHU ero yBpioflTca; 4^iacB0 joa^ap- 
AOB^B oOiflCHHTb jyqme Bcero, saBÍB o6n^ecTBeHBUfl rpynnu Óblih 
CHJibHii, H sudHecnocofieni^ hjih BÍkvb^ 6uji'b aHrjiiiCBifi CTpofi 
XlV-ro BŠsa; HenoayjiflpHOCTB KOMMyHHCTHqecBBXx Teopifi xh^- 
CTOBi, DPH BecBiía CojiboioiťB ycn^xš hx'b »e MHCXHqecsHX-B no- 
CTpoeHift H npH rpoMa^Hoň hsbícthocth hxx yqemfi — AacTt no- 

HBTb, CHJLeHl aiH H^TB 6hJí1» <{>eOAajH3Ml B'B XII — XIII BtBaX'^. 

HsyqeHÍe btoíí BTopoň BaTeropin (paspymHTejibHuxB y^pes^enifi) 
ooqxH TaRi se nanesHO m^ o6n^ecTB0B']tA'l^BÍfl, RaRX Hdy^enie nep- 
Bofl KaxeropÍH — npaBHxejBCXBeHHHxi ycxanoBJCHift, — h npH o6^^efi 
CRyAocxH MaxepiajoBB upeHeSperaxs Hdy^enieMi dxofi Bxopofi Baxe- 
ropÍH 6ujío 6u cjiHioROMi HeHay^HO. 

HxaRi, ana^HS^B MHoroofipasHBixii aoj[HXHiecRHX'B y^esA^aift 
AaHHOii coiuajBHOň rpynnu, hxb cooxHOmenifi h np. MOserB a^tb 
o6iAecxBOB^Ay noHHxie o6'b ycxofi^HBOCXH hjh neycxoliHHBOCXH dBO- 
HOMH^ecRaro cxpon bb AftEHuB MOMenxx, a xaaase o HaapaRieHÍE, 
B^B RaROHi AOwisHa coBepmaxBCfl ero AaJi>H']^finiafl aBOJiioiufl (eciH 
A'&30 HAOxi o coBpeiieHHOcxH), HJH se MOsexB oÓiflCHHXB, noHeny 
dB0J[H)i4fl noniJia Aa^iBoie xaRB, a ne HHaie (ecjH a'^o HAejx o 
npomjioMB). OroBapHBaeiicfl pasB HaBcerAa: mu xosbro yRasuBaeHx, 
qxó MOPB 6u CA'6jiaTB coi^ojiorB, ecJtH6ii... ne cyqecxBOBaJio xžx'b 
„ecjB6u", o ROxopuxB HOfiABXB pt^B BB ROHi^']^ HacxoBH^eK pa- 
60XH. IIojiHXH4ecRÍfl yqpesAenifl, caiiH no ce6t cxojb hsm^hhhbbiHi 
(uyqattHufl, HO MoryrB 6uxb rjiaBHEiMB, nenocpeACXBeHHUMi ofiies- 
TOMB o6a^ecTBOB'J&A'^HÍfl: TyT% npH bcíx!b HaTflSRaxB, npH Bcefi 

4)aHTa3ÍH, HHRaRHX'B 3aR0H0B'B (Aase ^aCTHqHUXl) HO BElBeAeOIB. 

Mosfio cRasaxB oaho: nojuixHHecRifl yqpesA^HÍa bi CBoeiťB i]i'&i[0M'b 
saBHCflxx orb xapaRxepa xoaaficxBeHHaro cxpoa, — ho HHenHO wh 
caMOM'B o6n^eMB, ochobhoíib cboomb chucji^, — x.-e. oeh aojshu 
6hxb yAOB^exBopHxejBHOH) san^HTOK) h oxpaHOK) HHTepecoBB brd- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



COUIOJIOrifl H HCTOPaqECKOB nOBHAHIE. 441 

HOMH^ecKH waBeHCTByiomHxi cjioeB'B HacejieHÍfl. Ho tsk-b KaK^B no 
npH^HHaifB ncHXOJornqecRaro cBofiCTBa, o BOTopurB HHse 6yAerb 

P^TB, HHCTO' UOJHTHqeeKHMH nOApOÓHOCTflMH (|»OpMfiI OpaB^eBÍH 
nO^TH HHRTO B'B HapO^HlIXl MaCCaX'B 3aHHTepeC0BaH'i> HHROFAa He 

(JuBajTB, TO CDJíoraB H pwoMi HCTopHqecKÍfl npoi^eccB noKasuBaeTB, 
HTO „nojspoÓBOcnun^ cb toíkh spÍHifl o(5mecTBOB4;í4HÍa HyacHO 
CHHTaTB ^TB Jiíí HO 60*6 sanHcaHHiifl 61 yqe^HHRax^B roeyAftpcTBeH- 
Haro npaBa <|K)pMu npaBjreHia. Ha 6yMai^, BOHe^HO, BecBMa Jierso 
HBOfipasHTB, Hanp., ^to HCKJiíoqHTejrBHOMy rocno;íCTBy seMjre^rSJBie- 
CBaro Tpy^a cooTBiTCTByeTB aCcojirioTHBM-B. „HanpHMŠpi, — AccHpia 
H BaBHjfOHÍH^. Ho, „HanpHM^pB^, npes;(e niHpoBO BOHCTHTyuioH- 
Hafl, TenepB pecnyCjHKaHCKaa BpasHM? PecnyÍJHKaHCKÍfl Phmx 
IV — ni bÍkobi ao P. X.? ApHCTOKpaTH^tecEaa PtqB-DocnojHTaa 
XVI — XVni bíkob-b? TepnaHi^u BpeiieH'B nepecejeHÍa Hapo;^OBx cb 
mapoRo /^eMOBpaTHHecRHMi B^qeifB n HstípaHÍeMi repi^ora h ro- 
pojfl? Ctojib »e jierRO yTBep«;íaTB, hto. ch.ibho h npeHMyme- 

CTBeHHO paSBHTOtt npOMHmjeHHOCTH COOTBÍTCTByíOTO npe/íCTaBH- 

TesBHUfl y^pe^s^OHÍfl. Bi Mhaíh cb ro^y na ro;^'B yBe^RqHBaercfl 
qHCJio ^^afipHRi ch HHAycaMH-xosaeBaMH h HH^ycaMH-paCo^EMH; 

B'B ROpOJieBCTBŠ 06^HX'Ii-CHIlHJ!rÍň, C% BOTOpUMl HOpMaHCRÍe TOp- 

UorH H roreHinTay(|)eHB[ oÓpan^aiHCB RaR'B noMin^HRH co CBoeio bot- 
qHHOH), HHAycTpia apoi^B^Tajia ^) bi h']&crojbro pasx 6ojiBme, vbwh 
TenepB, Ror^a Tan-B i^apHrB otí^e-HTa^BAHCRaa J9H6epaj[BH'6fimaH 
ROHCTHTyiufl. CaMOAepmaBHaa Anrjiifl Pnqapw JlBBHHoe - Cep/íqe 
6u;ra TaROio me ^vijiejsíkjímecKOtí crpanofi, RaR'B RoecTHTyi^ioHHaa 
Anr-aifl FenpHxa HI, líapcTBOsaBniaro ceMB^ecHT^ ji*tt> cnycTa... 
Bce, íero Tpefiyer-B xosafiCTBeHHHft CTpoft otb nojiHTHqecRHrB, 
TO^HŠe — npaBHTejBCTBeHHHxi yqpeaAeniff, 3to — ^toCii ohh oxpa- 
HfljH ero cymecTBOBaHÍe h ne MimajiH eny ^íocraRiaTB ROjraqecTBO 
i^HHOCTeft, norpeÓHoe ajis caMOCOxpa^enifl a&hhoK couiajiBHott 
rpynna; ocTajiBHoe — ajh o6mecTBOBÍi;í'6HÍfl — „hoapoóhocth", najio 
no;waK)n^iaca y^eTy. HaMx lOTqacixe Hyaeo pasxflCHHTB, bi aa- 
BOMT* cmucjA ynoTpeÓJieHO 3;í*cb BKipa»eHÍe: „ipeóyerB". Kor;ía 
cymecTByiomia nopara rocy^apcTBennaro n rpaa;íaHCRaro npaaa 
jIh6o nepecTaíorB b% ;ioj»Hoft CTenenn cjyaHTB oxpanoio Ropen- 
HHM-B ocHOBaM-B xosflftcTBeHflaro CTpofl, jíhCo saTpy^^BHiOTx ero 
ÝyHRqÍH nacTOJBRO, íto Bceft coiuajiBHoň rpynn* (nai^iH) h, b^ 

TOCTHOCTH, 9R0H0MHqeCRH CHiíBHHMl Ofl 9JíeMeHTaM'B PpOSHrB 0CJa6- 

jeeie mh rH(5e;iB, — Tor^a na cíleny asjíHeTca híjiuř paj^i bojo- 



^^ npHHUMafl Bo BHHMaHÍe pa3HHity B'b ocrajbHuxi ycjOBiflxi xh3hh Tor^a h Te- 
nepb H Wh ROJrHHecTBi Hacejeniif. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



442 BMTHHK^b BBPOIUil. 

Bu^ aRTOfii, BOTopue CTpeMflTGa BaecTfl bi noiQTH^ecRift h rpas- 
AaHCKÍB CTpofi H3M']&HeHÍfl9 Rasya^iacfl j^^kiecooÓpasHiufH. Ecjh, a^^- 
CTBHTejiBHo, ^yBCTBO cajiocospaHeHÍa sarpoHyTO cepsesBO y dsoao* 
HH^ecsH BJiaTejbHux'B CÁoeBT> aacejema aiaiTB HecooTB'bTCTBÍ6Mi 
rocyAapcTBeHHO-rpa^BAftBCBaro nopa^aa ci 8bohomh^6ceok> a'^ctbh- 
TesBHOCTiiH), TorAa ynoMaHyrafi paA^ BOjeauz^b asTOB'B BacTOfi- 
HHBO Hanpaajuiexcfl ei> CBoeň níbsii — h npeBOSMoraerb ofittKHoaeHHO 
iitmaiomia eny npemiTCTBia. TorAa npoHcxoAHTi to, ító, — CKOTpa 
no ^acTHOCTflH'B coÓhtíh, — EOtíkVb BaaaaHie peBOjiioi^iH uh pe- 
4k>phi». XodafiCTBeHHiiň CTpofi, BusaaBpift hxi, BpoAOJí»aerL cbok) 
6e8npepfiBeyH) 3bojih)i^ík), — a caepxy xpe^arB h MMaioTca 6ajsH| 
pymaicfl BetoHÍe naBasi^OHu coiu&ibHaro ^ab^hía, BOJBOAflrca 
BOBue, — HacTynaiorb TaR'B BasuBaeMUfl bctopb^cbíh BejgKÍfl co* 
6uTÍH, oÓJiaAaKoqifl, MexAy bpohhmi, ^pesBunafiBO chji&bok), no- 
BHAHMOMy, cno€o6HocTbK) HŠmaTb bcÍmi BEiuaAaaiťL i^enTOBiiio* 
jiOAOfi coi](íojiorBqecBOň aayRB. Mu boaobmh k-l rpeiseft rpynoi 

npOHBJíeflifi COI](ÍaJIBBOft SBSBH, — Bl OTA'&IbBUMl, TaK'b BMUBSMlWtk 
BeJTBBBIIX BCTOpflqeCBBHX C06UTÍflMl. 



IV. 
TpyABOCTB FB BByneBÍB BCTopifl fiojBBiBxi naiBTHiecBBXi ne- 

pOBOpOTOB^ (H£I rOBOpBMl O eAHBCTBOBBO n04e3B0B'B A-^fl OÓB^eCTBO- 

B^xbEÍn cpaBBBTej[BBo-BCTopflwcBOM'B Bsy^eHÍB) saiuio^aeTCfl npesAe 
Bcero Bi no^TH noJíflOMi OTcyxcTBiB BaAiea&aniflxi a&hbbixi o npH- 
^HBaxi MflorflX'B xaKHxrb nepeBopoTOBi. 3a6irafl bícrojbro BBepeA'B, 
cnpocBMx, BaRHMB o6ii^HiiB npe^BsaMH (a BenpeM^bHaoio nacTbK) 
dTHxi opB^HBi A0JI2SBBI 6uTB saTporHBaion^ifl BBTepecu Bcett Bai^ÍB 
8B0fl0MH^ecRÍH ocjiosBeBia B oÓCTOfliejBCTBa), — saRBiíB o6qBHB npa- 

^BBaUB BCTOpBBl MOSOTB 06'BaCBBTB XOTfl 6u nepeXOA'B PBMa 0TB 

pecnyfijiHRB k% BHnepÍB, pacBi^eflie BMnepÍB AjieacaBApa Mase- 
AOHCRaro (BecBiia jeraoe b BsyHBX&aBBO 6e36ojifefleHBoe), naAOBíe 
BOHCTBTyi](ioBHBix'B HsmsuiT, B'h saoHpefleficBBxx 3eHjflX'B opB $ep- 
ABHaHAt B ^sB,6eM% pacnaAOBÍe BOJiBBapcRofi yaÍB CRaBABsas- 
CBBXi rocyAapcxBi», boxoah ryBBOB-B, ^HBrBSi-xaBa, TaMypi-JIeBra, 

co BC^MB BXli BOBC^BCJIBHBIHB nOCJI']&ACXBÍflMB, pC^OpMy Ilexpa 

BejiBRaro e^ en urbAOMi? Bi dxaxx b aecBua iiBoraxi ApyrBX'B 
cj[y9aflX'B, npocTO, BysBO, sa Bemu^Eieui, xo9bhx'b AftHBuxi, cjo- 
3CBTB opy»:ie (na apena, no KpaltBOii M^p'6), bjb se o6xoABXBca 
npa noMon^B ciOBecniixi dJiyRyCpai^ifi: Mon^Bufi yM'B nona^i xo-xo 
B xo-xo, pecny6jiBRa naaa sa oxcyxcxBÍeMi Ao6Jiecxefi, Biinepia 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



COipOJIOrifl E BCTOPHqBCROB nOSUAHIE. 443 






AjiescaB;(pa MaRe^OBCRaro pacnasacB, h6o 6ují& eecnaflHa h t. a* 
Bce 8TO amh ciOBecHiu nepesraieHifl aaiipocoBi, bo bc otbžtu 

Ha HBrB. Tjlík AftHBUH, KOTOpUfl B08B0JULSfl 6ll OOpeA^lfll^, B£^(^ 

06CT0IIJ0 x^o ch yAO&ieTBopeBÍ6Mi Hacyn^Huxi, esexBeBBuxi hq* 
Tpe60OCTeĚ 7 noMtHBuxi PnMa vh snoxy I],eaapfl, y MoarojOB^ 
BpeMeBi QflHrBsib-xafla, y BacTBJibi^eB'& BpeMesi HdaÓeiiu? Mu 

BHABlťB Vh I^&IOfi Macei BCTOpflqeCBBX^b C06UTÍfi IBOIB BOJieBUe 

aicTU, Fb jynnieMi cjyiai — ncHXB^ecBoe cocTOflBie HapoAOB'i» b4b 

HX1> OlA^^BHXX dJ[eMeBTOB'B, BJB SaiftWTeJEBBUXl HCTOpB^eCBflXl 

jHVHOCTefi wb MOMeBrB, Borxa obb KbjA^yrh ycfljíe muisMTh no- 
jHTH^ecsifl B rpas^aHCRÍfl ^opam cBoeft aKuaHB. Ho nu ne bh- 
jpswh—ousrrb-TBXBy vb i^oft nacci coGuTÍfi — se bhahmi, 8a ot- 
cyTCTBÍeii^ flysBux!b hcto^ibbbobi, — BaBi sapoABJocb b napooso 
TO HJSfl BBoe ncflXB^ecBoe cocTOflBie, Basi, nyxeifi A^BJí^HÍfl saRut^ 

BH^mflSX^B OpB^BAl, OT^^EHElfi HOJK^Bl Ba XpOB^, BďB TO^fla 

Ha yjiHi^y BjiB psMih TOJurB Bx pfl^íy cejeflifi, T.-e. Bapo^x — HorJiH 
apeB03M09B co6cTBeHfloe, bohtb BcerAa yrpoaaeMoe wb tbbhxi cjy- 
qaflrB caMOcoxpaHeHÍe, h CA'i^aTb CBoe ji^^Oy — j» eo^e a'^o, boto- 
Topoe yae na^ojiro ocTaseTCfl? EABBCTBeHBBie Barepecu (e^HH* 
CTBeHHEie He no cbjií, ho no BceofiB^BOCTfl), BOTopue BBJBioTCfl Hpes* 
Bu^afiBO cyu^ecTBeBHUMH, oapexij[BK)a^HMH MoneHTaMB bt> meóbe 
1J060Ř coipajibHofi rpynnu, cyTb BHxepecu 8B0H0MH?ecBÍe, — b botb 
OHB-TO fl. nospuTu Becbiia ^acro nojiHUMi MpaBOiťb. Mosbo, 

yCBOHBIDH CTpofiByH) TeOpÍK), OpBBflTbCfl Ba CBCTeMaTB^eCByK) noA^ 

ffÍJ9By flCTopH^ecBBxx ^aBTOBi, BBi^^yMUBaTb H (|)aBTa3BpoBaTb no 
noBo;iy BCSKaro rpoMsaro coóutíb HCTopin na BCTopBBO-dKOHOMH- 
qecsifl Teubi, — HO aio TaBJse 6y xy^b Bcero jBmb cjioBecHua djy- 
By6pi^ÍH. MoaiBO HanBcaxb ea 6yMari: OBtaBÍK noTOMy hoG^ahíl^ 
Abtohía h ycTaH0BBJ[7» BMnepifo, ^to AeTOBÍfi CJinniBOM^b yBJíeBCfl 
KieonaTpoK^ BOTopan 6ujia, B'b cboh) onepe^b, CJiamBOM^b spacBBa; 
HosHO HanBcaib: OBTasitt noÓšxHJii Abtobíb noTony, qio pHKCKafl 
6ypsya8ÍA Čbuia CHJibH^e erBneicsaro upojieiapiaTa, h ycTaHOBBJíi 
HMnepÍH) noTOKy, qro npoBBHi^aJibHHe BansTajHCTU dxoro Tpe6o- 
B&iH. ByMara Bce CTepnBT'b, — bo Jios&h h noM^jiBa wb ofioBxi* 
pasiflCfleHÍflxi 6yAyTi bhojiaž OAfluasoBu, h xaa^ nepBoe Cy^erb 
HH'&Tb npeBMyn](ecTBO HaBBHOCTB B Benocpe^^CTBeflBOCTB. Ho ocxa- 
BBMi dxy caMyfo posoByio xpy^BOCXb, osHAaion^yK) oÓn^ecxBOB^Aft 
na xepHHeroiťb nyxn H8CJÍA0BaHÍfl BejiHBHXi HcxopHqecBHX'b co6bixiK, 
BOTAa OBI, sa oTcyxcxBÍeMx AaHHuxi, AO^sesi AOBOJbCXBOBaxbCB 
JHmB aspiopauMB cooÓpaseHÍaVlB o cBpuxbixi* sa syjiHcaMH Bce- 
o6u^Bx% H, cxajio 6bixb, dsoBOHHqecBHxii npBqBHBxi. nepefiAeiTb 
vb Apyroft xpy;i[HOCXB. muT> 6jBxe bi flOBbiM'b BpeHeaaifb, rbwb 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



444 B%cvnmeh ébpoiqz. 

HCToqHHRH A^aioTCfl oÓuiEfEie H pasHOotipasHie^ rbwb ach^, 
noBH^HMOMy, ycTaaaBJíHBaeTCfl Basnaa cbasb Mesxy 6ojiie nocroan- 
nuu%y T.*e. uej^JieEBÍbe ABHsyii](HMCfl xpsflftcTBeHHuiťE npoqeccoirB, — 
H 6ojvbe óucTpmťB TeMnom nojiHTs^csoft &Ba[lo^ÍH. H botb Tyr^TO, 
Korxa HCTOTOHBH H ýaBTH Ha jraqo (xota Bce-TaftH ne bi xasoirB 
ysi HAeaiBHOHi h8o5míh), sHCiynaeTb na cneny — ae to ^to 

CJOSHOCTB, a HeROOpAHHOBaHHOCTB, HeCOOTBŠTCTBÍe MeS^y TIBB" 
HOfi npHHHHOtt fl efl nOCJI^XCTBÚíMH. jl^pyriBMH CIOBaMH, — VaCTO HCTO- 

pHR'B MOseTi: 1) ycTaaoBHTE npaB^^eo h t^heo npgpoAy dBOJuaiÚH 
xosflflcTBeHHaro crpofl, norpefioBaBinaro b% a&hhhŠ MOMean nepe- 
wknu nojiHTHqecsaro hjh rpas^aHCsaro aopHAsa Beo^efi; 2) ohi 
MO»erB on^exkjiETb h onecaTs (h sto canafl jersas nacTB pa6oTu), 
vb ^eu% saBJnoq&iHCB x^fiCTBÍfl^ npo^yRTU BOSíeBiixi aaTOBX ot- 
j^^BHuxi jiHi^i, dJieMeHTOBib HaI^H HJTH BCOFO Hapo^a, seiaBmHxi 
HODOBBej^eHífi H npoTHBHBmHxcfl EWhj a lasse wh ^e^ coctoaju 
HdMŠHeHm npaBOBoro crpoa; 3) ho qpessíiqaílHO xpyAHO evy 6y- 
jifirh HcnoíHHTB TpeTBfo 3aji(a4y: npHBecTH b'b npáwHByK) cbabb 
360jih)i4k> dROHOMHqecsaro cxpoa co ecefo cyMMOW BOSHHKiiraxi 
H8'B-3a HOH co6£iTÍfi H nojiHTHqecRHX'B nepoji^HX. HjjnocrpHpyem 
cna^aia ROHspeTHiíMH opniišpaMH ary mhcjb, a sar^Mx ysx npex- 
jiomEWb ;(ora;^y, Morya^yio OT^acTH oSihchhtb ea co^epsaHÍe. 

B^B Haqajii XVII B^Ra bi Poccíh npoHsomasi i^ijinfi paxi 
ROJioccajiBHtfiiiiHxi coÓBiTifi: paspasHjrcfl pflA'B Hapo^Hiix^B ČposeniS, 
HOflBHjicfl saraAO^Hiifi qasoBéRi, yco^Brnift saHflTB npecTOJTB, co- 
BepmH^HCB 0AHH'B 3a ApyrHMi Asa ABopniOBue, Bipnše, crojiH^ane 
nepoBopoTH; sth BHyTpeHHÍfl CMyTu noBJíeKiai XBa nenpiaTeJiBCRHxi 
BTopmeHÍa (xoTfl OAHO, mseACRoe, 6blio saHacRHpoBaao), sa axop- 
seaiaMH npoHsomjio anTH-nojBCRoe ABaseaie, — a mcjvb bocbmh 
^irb cyAopoAHOfi, ROHByjBCBBHoB sasaa, uocjA BOCBMai^THaro 
noHTH cnJiomHoro nosapa, apoBOopojiHTia a pasopeaia—nOdiBTH- 
qecRÍH (|)opMKr crpanu ocTajHCB to^b-bi-to^b TaRaifa, RaRaaa 6iua 
AO CMyTH. Bi qeiix ae 6ujio a*Jio? flcno, qro He wb ^pMax'B 
npaBjeHÍa. Hcto^hhrh, Bce-TaRa, nosBOJflfOTi a8CJiŠA0BaTejiflM'B xo- 
nycRaxB pnji^i^ AoraAOR'B, ranoxesi, HH%foa^ax'B sa cotfoio bck) cajiy 
nojiHaro npaBAonoAo6ia o BeyAOBJieTBopeHH£ix'B RiaccoBuxi aare- 
pecaxx MocROBCRaro rocy^apCTBa, o mÍcthux'b Teaíeaipax-B a np. 
Ohh ycTaHaBjiaBaK)rB jora^ecRyK) a ^^aRTaqecRyio cbasb Mes^y 
onpeA'i^JieHeiiMa RjaccoBuiia TeBAeB^iaMa a oapeA^enHiiica bojl- 
HaMB BTOro BsfiaaaMy^eaHaro aopa, ryjiaBrnaro aa pyccROň pas- 
hhh£ aesAy i^apcTBOBaHieifB FoAyaoBa a BOi^apenieM-B PoMaBOBHX'B. 
H BSB^cTHyH) 6e3pe3yjiBTaTHOCTB ABaseaifl ona TaRise Moryii OT^acTa 
o6'BflCHaTB a MOiaBapOBaiB. Ho cobc^mi ana^e o^ctobtb flfkio, Ror^a 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



COUIOJOrifl É HCTOPHqECEOE nOSHABIR. 445 

Ha JHqo ecTb h onpej^eHHUfl dBOHOMH^ecBiii npHqHHU, h ;^BH2te- 
HÍe, H MHoroo6pa3HHŮ cjioaKHHtt nojiHTHqecKift pesyAhmaim^ koto- 
paro MHorífl nepTsi hh npn saKHXi Hara^Rax^B ae Moryrb 6uTh 

Bt KOHiít XVin B-feKa Bo épaHqÍH paspaanjiacb peBOJioaiH. 
Efl njOAaMH 6hjio ojš^yiomee: 1) nojTHoe BpymeHie bcakhx-l ocrax- 
KOB'B <í)eo;(ajBHO-xo3flňcTBeHHHX'B OTHoraeHiU; 2) ypasHeHÍe bcíxx 
upexb saROHOMx; 3) npe;^ocTaB;ieHÍe bcÍ^m^b ^pani^ysaMi^ mnpoRaro 
nojfl CBofioAHOĚ npoMHfflJieHHOň BOHRyppeHiíiH; 4) ycTaHOBj[eHÍe cwa- 
lajia ROHCTHTyiíioHHOft MOHapxÍH, noTOMi pecnyfijHBH; 5) ycxanoBje- 
HÍe Ha ranpoRHxi Hanajaxi iipnoipina cbo6oot cjiOBa, neqaxH h t. ji,, 
3to He bc* pesyjifcTaTH: 6hjh h hhcto aROHOMH^recRÍe — pacnpc^aata 

BpeCTSflHaiTB H HtROTOpHlTB ^jeHaiI-B JípyrHXl COCJIOBifl ZeueJlb, EOH- 

^HCKOBaHHHX^B y jUBopflHCTBa H jíyxoBeHCTBa; ÓBijiH H pesyjbiaTu H^eft- 
Hue, RyjBTypí ae. Ho o rixx h ^pyrnxi noRa roBopHTE ue 6y;íeMx, 
TToňii ne npepusaTs hhth HSJíomeHia. OfipaTHMCH ri nepe^HCJieH- 
HBiMx nflTH pe3yjibTaTaM'B nojiHTHHecRaro h rpaai^^aHCRH-npáBOBoro 
xapaRxepa. KaRi onpejifkjimh^ RaRÍe ii8i> hhxi npAMo BUTeRJiH h3'b 
o6ii;hx'l npHqHH^B, a RaRÍe cjiyqafiHU? EAHHCTBeHHuii MeTo;^^ sjíibcb 
— xoTfl He BuojiE^ h Ha^eatEBiň — ROHCxaTHpoBaHie AOJiroB^qHOCTH. 
^rb nepe»HJO, a ití) nornÍJio mT> oiHxt hath pe3yjibTaT0B'B b^ 
fíjHatafirayřo kl pesojiroi^iH anoxy? ORaajeTca, qio nepBHe ipn 
pesyjibTaTa- oahh^ OTpni^aTejibHHft h ^Ba noJoaeHTejbHHx-b — cyme- 
CTByiOTi AO HacTOflDnaix) BpeMeHH, a nocaí/íHÍe ;tBa (ROHCTHTyqia, 
^pMH nojiHTHqecRoň cbo6o:íu) yate lepes^ aicROJíbRO iítl HcnesjíH, 
noTOM'L OT^acTH BocRpecajH, CHOBa Hcqe3ajiH fl CHOBa BOCRpecajiH 

BT> CaMOMli pa3HOO6pa3H0Ml Bn;ť6. IIpHHHMafl BO BHHMaHÍe 9B0JK)I^ÍH) 

xosflficTBeHHaro npoi^ecca, ao iiacTOHn^aro BpeneHH eme BOBce He 
3aROHiHBniaro CBoň Rpyri., ROTOpwň ohi cxajit onHCtiBaxb ao pe- 

BOJIOipH, — MU MOařBMX npHBeCXH B^ npHqHHByH) CBflSb Cyn^HOCXb 

BXHX-B xpexT> AOJiroBÍHHuxi npaBOBHx-B pe3yjbxaxoB'B ci cyníHOCxbio 
coBepmaBmarocfl h coBepraaH)^^a^ocH xosHftcxBeHHaro npoiíecca. Ho 
oxRy^a ate BSfljHCb jibbl ocxajiBHHe, xpynRie, He^oJiroBfiqHHe pe- 
syjibxaxa? Bijs^b h nsi-Ba hhxi jiHjacb RpoBb, coBepmajCfl pa^i 
BOJieBHXi aRxoB^; q^Mi, ate hx^ ofixHCHHXb? OcxaBJíflfl noRa axoxi 
BonpocB oxRpHXHMx, oópaxHMCfl R^B ApyroMy npHMtpy. 

B-B PoccÍH oxT» 1861 AO 1874 ro^a coBepraHJicfl pBKb pe- 
((>opM'B, coBepmeHHO hsmšhhbhihx^ rpasc^aHCRyia mH3HB o(5ii^ecxBa. 
9xH qpesBUHafiHO BaacHWH HOBOBse^eHÍfl, no^oCno pe3yjibxaxaM% 
(|)paHiíy3CRoň peBOJíOiUH, xaRae oxqacxH oÓHapyawixx cbok) npH- 
poAy, ecan hx-b noABeprnyxB Mexo^y ROHCxaxHpoBaHÍH AOJroB-fcqHOcxH. 
KpecxBflHCRaH pe^opna b% rjiaBHHxi cbohxt> qacxHxi (cBOfíoAHbrft 

ToMi v.— OKTaBPb, 1902. 29/í 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



446 raoTHHS^b BBPomi. 

TpyA%) ocTuacb 6esT> HSMŽHeHifi; bi ApyrHxi qacTflx^b noABeprjiacE 
ESM^eHÍfliTB. SeMCBafl pe^pMa noxBeprjracb BopeHHUM'L Hsiri^He- 
híam^e; cy^eÓHaa — laBse; peýopiia neuTH — raBse; pe^opiia bohb- 
CRoK noBHHHOCTH DOABepMacb, cpaBHHxejBHO, BecbMa ue6ojihmBWhy 
HecyntecTBeHHiiirB HaMŠHeHÚiiťB. IIoipeÓHOCTb wh cbo6oahomi> Tpyxi 
6£i;ia y ABawaxH^xByx^b mhmíohobi xpecTbAHi h y rocyxapCTBa 

(Vh JlBUJb npaBHT&IbCTBa), BOO^K) BHA^BinarO HeBOBMOSHOCTb JífiLJh- 

HŠfimaro ycnšmearo Be^emfl nocTOflHHoB AHnioifaTHKO-BoeHHOfi 
6opb6u sa cyn^ecTBOBanie Poccíh, eciH spšnocTHoe npaBO (y^erb 
npoAOJLjRaTb „CTOflTb sasi cnaiia^. Ho npaBHTeibCTBO ne TOJbBO 
AMcTBOBajo B'B HHxepecaxx caMocoxpaHeHÍa Bcefi HaiÚH, KaB'E 
il&iaro, saB^b rocy^apcTBa, oho ue TOJibBo bhx^jo aio h pšmH- 
Jiocb HcsopeHHTb ero, pšmHJiocb coBepmexb nepesopoTi vb rpax- 
AaHCBOM^b npaBdb, — oho hm&io eosMOo/cHOcmh dio cx^aib. IIpaBH- 
lejtbCTBO, cocpeAOToqHBafl b'b C60HX'b pysaxi rpoMa^nufi aAMHHH- 
CTpaTHBHbiB MexaHHSJTb, 6yAyqH spyneMniHirb seMejbHiiifb co<5- 

CTBeHHHBOlťB, A^fiCTByfl Bl npflMblXl HHTepecaX'b COIbniHHCTBa Ha- 

cejeeifl, pasyM^i^eTCfl, cmíjio Morjio ee 6oflTbCfl oddoshi^íh upi- 
nocTHHBOBi H ABopflHCKoft napTÍH, Horao npesHpaib seJiaHÍn 
xoTfl 6u Bcšx^b HeAOBOJbHiix^b noM^n^HBOBi. JI^eBATHaAi^aToe í^e- 
Bpasfl OCB060AHJ10 HapoAHutt TpyA^b, nocraBHJio h pasBHTÍe Bcbxi 
Hai^OHajibHiix^b CHj'b ea HOByio Aopory, T.-e., B'ÉpH'&e, y^ajH^o Ch 
BTofi HOBOň AoporH jieataBmee nonepeB'b hm npenaTCTBÍe, — CTa- 
piifl rpasAaHCBÍfi CTpofi cb ero ochobok) — BpinocTHiufb npaBoiťb. 
KpecTbflHCBafl pe4)opMa h ocraaacb CTOJb se HecoBpyniHMOK), BaBi 
H xosjifiCTBeHHHfi apoi^eccb, nepeiBHBaBinificfl h nepeansaeMbifl 
Pocciefo: npa bc&xi cbohxi H3MŠHeHÍflxi owb ipeCoBajii h o6y- 
ciOBJEHBajTb nojiHyio CBoňoAy xpy^a. íto Bacaeica ao BoeHHoft pe- 
4)opMb[, TO orb nea OTBasaTbCa HeniicjiHMO 6ujio bi BHAy, npesA6 
Bcero, HaHÓojbmefi npHroAHOCTH ycTanoBjeHearo eio nopflABa a^ 
ycnšmHOCTH BoeHHOft oxpaHii, oxpaen BceB coiú&ibHoft rpynnii, 
Bceii pyccBofi senjiH, cb en caiiocTOflTejibHuirb HaoioHajibHEiirb 
pasBHTÍeMi. (O CBflBH HaqíoHajibHaro pasBHTifl cb dBOHOHnqecBOK) 
caMocTOflTasbHOCTbH) pacnpocTpaHflTbCfl noBa nirb HysAu)* OcTajib- 
HUfl jse pe^^opMU se Óujin CBasaHu cb npoqHuifb ýyHAaMeHTOMi 

BCflBHX'b nOJHTHqeCBHXl y^pe^A^HÍfi, Cb pe&IbHUMH 3B0H0MHHe- 

CBHMH noTpe^HOCTflMH HaRÍH, RaB^b i^^jaro, H 6ojibmHX'b rpynn^b 
HacejDteniH, laBi npo^HO, TaB'b HepaspuBeo hto6u BUHrpaib orb 

9T0r0 Bl AO^rOBiíHOCTH ^). Oh4 He HC^eSJIH TaBl fíUCTpO, HO 



^) 9to He sHaHHTi, KOHe^THO, ito6h HasBaHHua pe<t)opMH ee 6usb. riyóoso no- 
jesHH H HjxHu Cb TOHKH 3pÍHÚi EMfíHMaxit HHiepecoBi rocyxupcTBab 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



COE^OJIOrifi H HCTOPE^ECKOE nOSHAHIE. 447 

BoespecjH Tasí BHesanHO, ne HsirbHfljiHC^ TaBi> pasHOofipasHO, 
EBjph 4-utt H 5-iifi (hsi Bume nepeTOCJteHHHXi) pesyjBTaTH ^pan- 
i^yscBoft peBOJiK)i^ÍH, HO Hsif^HeHÍfl HX!b úujLVí TaRSKe BecsMa cyiQe- 

CTBeHHH, XOTfl H IILIH BCe Vh O^HOMl HanpaBJeHÍH. Bet 9TH 

opoMesyroiHiifl pe^opMii— Mes^y BpecTsaHCKoft 1861-ro h booh- 
HOft 1874-ro rr. — npaBHTejiBCTBO TOJibRO hsmíhhjto, ho oho momo 
<5u Hxi H BOBce otm^íhhte, h h^ti jEorH^ecKHrB ocaoBanitt yTBop- 
s^fLTby 9T0 — no Bpafiaefi Mtpt bx npextjiaxi Hcropa^iecBaro npeA- 

BHA^HÍfl — OTL STOrO TOT^aCl MB HBMŠHHiaCb 6u XOSflfiCTBeHHafl 

SH8HB HJH MeasAynapoAHoe nojoseme Poccíh nacroibKo, ^toCci 
oÓycjroBHTB HeneAJeHHyR) pecTaBpai^io OTM^HenHaro. H mu craj- 
RHBaeMCfl cb BonpocoiTB, cOBepmeHHO anaJiorHqHiiBťB TOMy, boto- 
putt 6eui% HaMH HOCraBJíeHrb no noBO;i[y HeAOJroBt9Hux'B pesyjiiTa- 
TOBX 4^paHi^ydCB0ft peBOJfoqÍH: eeiH are xpynRífl pe^opira h hobo- 
BBexeHifi hmoheo cbooh) xpynsocTbio AOsasuBaioTB coBc^itb cjaCyio 

CBflSS Cl XOSflfiCTBeHHHltb CXpOBH^B HJH AUCO OTCyTCTBÍe OpflMOff 
H COSHaHHOfi CBflSH, eCJIH pflAOM'L Cb npOHHBIMH nojiETHRO-rpas- 

xaHCBHMH HOBBíMH y^esA^HifliiH OHOxa peBOJH)ipH HJH dHoxa pe- 
4k)PM'b npHHOCHTb crpant, r^t ona HiišerB m^cto, pflX'B Tose, 
noBHXHMOMy, BecBHa BasnnrB js^ň oCn^esHiiff, ho «iacT0 Henpov^ 
HHX^B ycTanoB^eHifi, to OTsyxa se oth „Henpoqnufl^ ycTanoBJíeHÍfl 
(iepyTCfl? RasoBO bxi dHa^enie a^b oÓn^ecTBOBiA^Hifl? ByxeMi a^B- 
exBOBaTB nyTeMi ,HCBj[K>q6HÍfl H8B^THEix'B^. IIpAMOft, HenocpoA- 
CTBeHHoft CBflSH CB xosflficTBeHHiuTE cxpoeMx HeAOjroB^HHtiB y^po- 
SAeHifl He HMifors, hÓo KHane oh^b noAAepsBBajii 6u hxx, bbb^ 
^yHABMeeTB noAAep^HBaerb aomx, h ohh HsictHfljHCB 6u ctojb se 

MOA^eHHO HJIH npHÓJIHSHTeJBHO CTOJLh SC MeA^OHEO, BaBl H OWh 

caiTB. Sea^HTL, ho senocpeACTBeHEUfl, SHByqifl, ^HeTyI^ifl bboho- 

MH^eCBÍfl leHAOBI^iH BUBUBafOTB BX^b JVh SH8HH. H OAHaSO, H8'B-3a 

HBXi, dTHXi BeAOJiroB^HHiixi yqpesAeHÍfi, jnseiCB fa^ BpoBb, fa^ 

qepHBJía, HO TO B APyrOe FB H306bJÍB, — OHB BUSlIBaiOTCB Bl SH3HR 
pflAOMl A^CTBÍft ynopBHXl BOJreBHXli aBTOFB — FA^ MHOFHXl XfOJSfi% 
TJ[/b eABHBI^'B. 

Kpoiri norpeÓflOCTefi T&ia, y qejiOB§Ba ecTb tojbbo odna sa- 
TeropÍB norpeÓHOCTefi, — BpoM% ^BSBqecBOfi sh3hh — en^e odna 

SHSHb — AyXOBBafl, — BOHe^HO, BOBCe He TBBafl yS'b HesaBHCHMafl OTh 

„T&iecHOÉ", BaB'b HHOFÍe FopAej[BBO noJiaFaioTi, ho, t^mi ne MOHie, 
pa8BHBaK>niaflCfl no CBoeotipasHMoiBirb BaBOBans. He nafiAS ofiiac- 
HeHÍfl fUUL noJiHTHqecBHX*b ?<j|>eHepHA'b wh ofijiacTB SBByqBX'b bbo- 
HOMH^CBHrb Tpe6oBaHÍfi, dyAeiťb HCBBTb OFO Bi FopasAO 6ojAe 
dosHoft, MŠCTaMH eie iiepi^aFDn^ett oÓJiacTB Tpe6oBaHÍft Ayxa. 
IIoBCBH en^e ye^iosBflfOTCfl t^mx, ^to yMCTBenHíiB abesohíb co* 

29* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



448 BACTHHBl EBPOnU. 

UÍajibHaro xapaRTepa eyxB ABBxeHiH npoH380XHiifl h MBoroo6pas- 
HUfl no CBoevy cyn^ecTBy h coBe6M'L ooith ne paspaóoraHfii eae- 
ipajiHCTaMH-ncHxaioraMH. CoDÍojorH, — b^poatho^ sejiafl OTxoíHyrs 
orb 6oxle iffsejrofi co6cTBeHHofi paÓOTu, — ne pasi Ópajincii sa qch- 
xoaorHqecBÍH npoóJieMii, Boropufl h p^maiHCB hmh noTra ureo- 
aeHBO H HMeBHO TaRi, JíB,m> rpefiosajia crpofleocTb bx'b Teopift. 
OcTaeTOfl TOJbBO nojsejiaTb, hto6u neflxojiorífl . noRasaiacB Bye^ry 
fl CeniH CTOJib ne jierBofi b npocTofi sayBoio, RaBoio osa iiEJneTCfl 
B'E nBcafliflxx rr. Pesa BopMca, JlaKOnfia h t. a. HiaRi, bii^ 
(X$rbBCHefliK TÍx'B nacTeft nojuufl^ecBaro crpou, soropufl jíe6o iiajo, 

JUI60 COBC^BfL BeodlflCBBMU TOTOHHB B flCHUHB dSOflOMHHeCBBMH 
TpeÓOBaHÍBMB, MU BXOABHl Vb I^apCTBO ^eTBepTOfi, OTMŠVeHHOft 

flaMB B^ aa^ajíš, rpynnu coipadbaux^ npoflBieBifi, — b% o&racTb 
BBJíeBÍii DCBXfl^ecRHXi. Ecjffl Tpyxefli no orcyíCTBiio bcto^hbkob^^ 
HO xoTB cpaBBBTejBBO 6ojAe npocTB no cyn^ecTBy ^b B»yqeHÍfl 
oÓn^ecTBOB^xa dBOHOMBqecniM opoqecei b'e BCTopia, eciB Tose 
aaserBO no rbwh se npnqBHaMi Bsyveflie noJiHTBqecRBxi yqpesA^ 
Hifi, TO B€e-»e B BROBOMBqecRÍfi CTpofi, B y?pesAeHÍfl npeACTaajuiOTE 
H^HTO A^flH^eecfl B Óojiše uoMBx>infieca paseMOip^HÍK); ecjH, na- 
Kosei^i, TaBii BasuBaeMUfl „Be;[HRÍfl cofiuTÍfl'' npn bc'6x'b xpy^HO- 

CTHXl BCe-iaRB OT^aCTB, HO BCer^a B^ JííbÍCTBÍBXT>y BO BHOr^a B'E 

H^ROTopEixi pesyjibTaTaxii, noMftK)TCfl aaajiflBy b ycTaHOB.ieHÍH> 
npnqHBHOfi CBflSB, TO Tenepb, y6^ABBniBCb, ^to xase b-l cboh 
„grands jours'' Bcropifl ne ocoÓeHHO CB^Tja b bchb, mu Bcxy- 
naeM'B wb caMyio Tpy/píyio b CMyTHyio o6;[acTs MaTepiajiOBii o6nie- 

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Digitized by VjOOQIC 



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^ecROfi npflpoAu 'vejovbsa. Bepaeae xapasTepiidOBajrB 9thx'b ee- 
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cjAke vh HEMflTH qeiiOB^qecTBa, ho vh bth paspa^u bořa^tl bc% 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



450 MCTEBB^ EBPOUH. 

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MaTepiajiaMH. 

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Mosra^ y ^pyraxi — hítb. Co BpeMeHX BHini, T.-e., c* KOHiía XVIII 

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repoeFB, saHBTuxi HenocpeACTsenHOfi nojHTHHecBoft ^'^TejiBHOCTBK). 
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laMH He xapaETepH3yK)TCfl, fl^ň hhxx xapasTepHu oxhh tojbko 
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nojiHTH^ecKHxi repoeBx othochtcb, HanpHMipi, Dexpi I; bo bto- 
poMy — CaBonapoja, BepnapAx KjepBOCKÍfl. 

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TOJIBBO BOBÓySA^HHyK) A'^TeJíBHOCTBy HO H TaSl HaSHBaeMBIfl HOBHfl 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



COipOJIOnfl H HCTOPHqECBOB nOSHAQIE. 451 

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Rasi Óujío CRasano, BecBHa xeMHU BHyxpeHHm oxHomtHÍfl xorj^am- 
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6h2b oco6eHHO BosCys^enB xenAoni^AMH cpexu, ho h cpasy yxBa- 
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ma, ne Tasí aasHo, aasi hxi oÓmecTBeHHaa, xota 6u h KpaxKOBpeMeHHaa yAana 
(npmrbpi^CaBOHapoia). 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



452 B^GTHHJSl £BPOnU. 

rOBOpHMIi o XaKOMX HCTOpHHeCBH-MaJIOlťB CpOR^I, KEKl TpH;maTb 

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— CHHOAi, apMÍfl, Sojiie TOHHaH H cxporafl (cpaBHHxeiBHO cb 
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OKHBjeHHUfl (onflTB-XaRH CpaBHHXeJBHO C% XYII B^BOMl) CHOmeHÍfl 

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EBpon']^ diiJia xor^a ne BecBMa BucoBa). IIorHódO ďce sa axH xpe^- 
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nOM'£lI^HBOB'L 6e3BOHXpOJ[BHO paCHOpflSaXbCH Bb SaB^U^aHÍflXl CBO- 
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HsyMJiflXbca xoMy, qxo Ilexp-B AS^b MÍpy He xo h ne xaKx, qxo h 
BaBx OHTi BBBJíx y nero. Ho xani EaB'b — onaxB CBaateMx, — bx Be- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



comonoriH h hctoph4eceoe doshauie. 453 

jMEOMy saTpy^tHemio o6mecTBOBÍAÍHÍH, — qejOBiqecKan ncHXHKa ecTB 
annapaTE ny^OBHii^HO CJioxEuň, u Tan^b naRi mu uumKtix^ ero jifi- 
lajefi He sHaeni, HeČMoxpfl aa bck) itapRyio nojieMHRy hšroto- 

PUSI <|)HJIOCO(]^OBX H nCHXOJIOrOBl o MŠCTOBaXOSA^HÍH AyniH H HHUX% 

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Bcewkao norjioxHxca oahoh) mhcjmo. Ho xenept B^yMacMca, — 
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eiHHH^Haa, ROTopaa noeuduMOMy j^ojsna Bupa6oTaTbca hsi npo- 
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nepBOHa^iajiBHOĚ mjucjlh ocxaxkca cxojib npocxoK). EleTpi* yBHA^x 
6oTHR'b Bpafixa, — CBo&cxBa ero HHHepBan^iH BaxonHJiH ero MbicjbK) 
o 60THBŠ EpaHTa; htó ae, xaRx 3xa mmcjb h ocxaHexca y Hero? 
llexpx SHaerb, 4x0 npaBHxejbcxBy HyatHO 6axh CMbHŠe, qxo HyaHH 
;íeHbrH, Hyatno Mope h npoH. 

Bdk BTH 0TA'Í^JbHbIfl MUCIH He OCXaiOXCH 0XA']^J[bHblMH MHCJflMH, 

HO BasAfta HBi HHX'b, B^b noai'&AOBaTeAHiie xpoHOjrorHqecRÍe 110- 
MeHTu saaojiHflfl ero ncHXHRy, cxanoBHTCfl rpona^Hoň, BceoÓ^beMJíK)- 
u^eK). EcTb BocTOHHua TRaHH, BOTopuH MOSHO HOJO^HXb H na Rpa& 
cxaia, H pacxanyxb Ha cpeAHHy cxojia, h pacxanyxb na Becb cxojix. 
PacxarHBaa xRaHb na Becb ctojix, — mbi ee A^^aeMi rpoMa^HOfl, 
cpaBHHxeiEbHO CB ea nepBOHanaabuuMH pasM^bpaMH; HCH'6e Bucxy- 
naioxx ea hhxh, yaopu^ oaa M'lHflerb ox^acxH CBOň i^bíxi»; ona, 
cfOBOM^b^ pasABHHy^acb, pacmapHjracb h HSMŠHHjacb, — ho 3Ha4HX'b 
JH STO, 9T0 OHa He xa caiiaa nepBOHa^aibHaa, cpaBHHxe.ibHO na* 
jeHbBaa xaanb? Mucjb oxJiHqaexca CBoKcxaaMH xaRO^ xRaHH; ona 
TOHce MajeHbROfi, o^bhokoK nonaAaexx bi ncnxHRy,— xojibRo pas- 
HHi^a Ta, 4X0 xKaBb no CTOJiy pacTarnaaioTib nocTopoenifl chjh, — 
a isucjíh pacTarnsaeTca bo bck) mnpb ncHXH^ecROŘ sh3hh caHOio 
;Re ncHXHROiD h, sanojHHBmH ncuxH4ecByH) anHBHb, MŠnaeTx h 
pa3MŠpH— CTaHOBHTca rpoMa^HOfi, MŠHaeT^b h qairb, h xapasxepi. 
n qiMx Moryn^ecxBeHH^ ncHXHqecaaa BOS^y^HMOcxb, HHHepaaiua^ 
tímx CRopše H rjiy6»e bhAa^xx axoTx npoiíeccx ROJiHnecTBennaro 
BospocTania h Ra^ecTBeHnaro RSM^Henia mbicjih. He tojibro uuuh 
pocxexx H niHpHxca, — ona h napy^y, rx HcnojiHeHÍK) npocHxca y 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



454 rocTHHRi EBPonii» 

yBasaHHaro paspa^a HHaqe, ^^wh y ocTajBHuxx, npOHHRoyTiixi 
eio «e, — MoaeT^ 6htl, OT^acTH, HneoHO noTOMy, qro npe^CTaB- 

JfleiCfl HX'B COSHaHÍK) Vh ffpROlTB CVbrby co BC^MH paSB^i&TBJíeHiflHH, 

co bcímh APyrHMH HeBHAHUMH cnoco6aMH H nyTflMH js,% ocyntecTBje- 
HÍH). Tepoil (oco6eHHO ecsH OHt HMŠerL 4>K9^^KyK> eenocpeA- 

CTBeHHyK) BT* TOMy B03M0SH0CTb) H Ha^RHaeTB OCyiI^eCTBJIflTB, — HO 

^Td? — He o6iitepacnpocTpaHeHHua h vb nero nonaBmifl TeuflfiRuxBij 
a MKCJH, yse nepepafioraHHBifl ero ncHXHBOio ?acTO vh HeosH^aH- 
HKrx'B AJfl coBpeMeHHHBOBi pasH^paxi. Ho HfTb noracJia dra cjy- 
qa&eafl con[iaiBHafl CHJia, ynepi pe^opnaropi^, conuio co ci^eHu 
poBOJiioiúOHHoe noBOjr^HÍe — h to, ^tó 6ujío ocyn^ecTBjíeHieifB yso- 
poBi, BiiTBaHHuxi> co6cTBeHfiOK> Hxi ncHXHBOH), — yracaoTB HJni 
noHTH yracaeT^B ch hhmh, — a to, ^tó ohh ocymecTBHjrfr corjiacHaro 
Ch nOTpe6HOCTflMH, SHBy^HMH H rHeTyii^e-HysHiíMH a^a coipaiBHofl 
rpynnu hjih xotb EiiflTejiBHofi, CHJiBHOfi qacTH ea, to nepesHBaeTi 
H ocTaeTCfl. nojHoe npeo6pa306aHÍe rpaacAaecBaro CTpofl $paH^iH, 
CTaparo pezsRMa — 6ujlo eacyn^HOK) noTpeÓHOcr&K) MHoraxi mhj- 
jdoHOBi Hsi vbx^b ABaAoaTH-nflTH, BOTopBie SHJH Wh BTofi CTpaH^: 
STy TeHAeH^iH) b^b apbhx^b óópasaxi h 8aneqaTjr6BaK>ii^HXCfl spa- 
CBax^b nepeAaJiH h BupaBHJíR peBOjnoipoHHBie A^ATejiH, h ocyn^ecTBHJH 
ee,— OHa h ocTaiacb yise uocjii Toro, Rasi o ^'i^HTejiflrE h csyxi 
saMepi. Ho sth se a^atojh b'b TaBHxi me ódpasaxi h spacRax^ 
BupasajiH TeHAeH^iH) o jh^hoS cboÓoa^, BOHCTHTyipH, pecny&iHR^ 
H npoq., H ToaBO ocymecTBHJH ee. O^naRO TCH^eHiíiH 9Ta noM^p- 
sHBaiacB Jiumh nacTbio aapo^a h HajieHbROio wctbh), h to ee Bceio, 
— nodTOMy OHa 6ucTpo nornóajia Bu^crb Cb cbohmh HOCHTOJiflHff, h 
noTOMi BOCKpecaia, h noreCajia, h ohatb BOCRpecaia no }íipi Toro, 

RaR'B mHpHJOCB ROJIHqjBCTBO Ofl CTOpOHHHROB^b — BHJÍOTB ^0 ROHI^a 

XIX BŠRa. HaBOHei^^B, peBO^BoniioHHiie ^'l^flTejH BBiCTaBHJiH h en^e 
TeHAOHi^iK): sa&ťi&HHTb RaTOJTHqecTBO „ÓorHHeH) pasyna^ h npoq. — h 
ysjh ara Ten^eni^ifl npoBaJiHjíacb cobcí^itb 6ucTpo^ h x&se nanATb 
o nefi ocTajiacb jmmh bi Bmjíík H']&CR0JbRHX'B RypbesHiixob nacRapa- 
^ovh, — a vkjí,h H „pejHrífl pasyMa" ÓBiJia yqpesx^HieiťB, h sa na- 

CWbmKfl HaA^b HHM^b JSO^eB RaSHHJIH. JIiOAH CHJlbHOfi HHHepBai^ÍH H 
HHI1^iaTHBH, peBOJIiOI^iOHepEI, BOCnpHHflJH Btf^CT']^ n rHeTyn^HMH 

TeHAeHi^ÍHMR Maccx sapoAumi i^ofi 6e8XHU HOBHx^b, necBoilCTBeH- 
Hux^b MaccaMi MHCJiefi, ROTopua BupaCoTajiHCb npoi^eccoHi vm 
jHHHaro HeycTaHHaro ncHXH^ecRaro Tpy^ta hbi t^x'b aie o6n^e- 
pacnpocrpaHeHHHxx Tenj^eei^ift. HM^ y;íajiocb, bmíctí ct racTy- 
n^HHH BC^x^b (hjh óojbniifl Maccii) TeHj^eHi^iflMH, ocyn^ecTBHTb h str 
HOBUfl, FHeTyniiifl TOJtbRO Rx^ o^^HRx^b MbicjiR, a 6jiHmafimee rcto- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



COI^IOJlOnfl H HCTOPH^ECROfi n03HÁHIE. 455 

pHHecBoe fiyxyn^ee OTMejo oahh elioau hx% ;c%flTej[BHOCTH otb Apy- 
rHxi; nepBue oct&ihcb, sropiie uoveÓjím HaBcerxa uh he BpeMfl. 
3to 6bu[0 (tb (|)paHi](y8CKHMH peBOJ^K)^íoHepaMH^ cx IlerpoirB Be- 
jHSHMi, CB pyccRHMH AÍflTejflMH 8noxE pe({K)pirb. BnpoHeiTB, no- 
ciíxhíII npHM^pi Hii AM»HH ÓyAeiTB npHBecTH A&oBine, RorAa 6y- 
xeMrB roBopHTB o reposn, ne BjriflBmHXB HenocpexcreeHHO ea xo^cb 
noiBTH^ecRHX^B coÓutííI. TenepB nepefi^eiTB bo BTopoMy noApasA^- 
leum nepBaro paspa^a AiarejieíLy T.-e. jhi^'b, oxapeHHEixi* chjb- 
HiSmeS HHHepBaipefi, Bjdflioii^Hxx HenocpeACTBeHHO ea xoab oojh- 
THHecBBx^B co(5EiTÍfi, HO no^TH ucKsioHwrejihEO rnnHOTHSHpyioiitefi 

CHJOft CBOefi CrpaCTHOCTH, HJH OTCyTCTBÍeMT* BOie^aHÍfi, TBepAOCTBK) 

H xpyrHMH MopiiAhHUMU CBO&CTBaMH Haiypii, a He HHTeueBTyajn*- 

HHMH OTSpUTiflMH H HOBUMH nO JDEpOTb R^eAMH. Kl dTOMy nOApaS- 

AÍueHÍH> OTHOCflTCfl Jífliowh TduuAeR^h, RaBypob, noBH^HMOMy OBTa- 
BÍaH'B-ABrycrB h t. a* HnorAa bth jíeují oCjraxaiorB en^e EaBHMH- 
HH6yAB TexHHHecRHMH cnoco6HOCTflHH, m:by BOHe^eo, noMoraerB bxt^ 
X^jiy (TasTHBi FapHtfajBAH, xHOJOMaTi BHCHapB'B, opaiopi h opra- 
HHsaTopi napeejB h apO- JI^iVl dtofi BaTeropin BecBMa qacxo ao- 
CTHraiDTB CBoefi i^jH nojiHOCTBK); HHorAa xe, ee AOCTHraa ea, Bce- 
TBEH BHAflTB H^yn^HBíH sa C060K) tfojsmíe CJOH Hapo^a HJiH ujbjíua 
HaipH. Oahhobh oqh HHBorxa ne ÓuBaiorB HMeHHO noTOMy, hto 
flBj[HR>TCfl jHmB 6oji'6e rpoMBHM'B H npHTOXHUMi pynopoiťB Jífia 
CJOBiy pByn^Hxcfl h8'b rpyAH y unovETb hxi cooTeTOCTBeHHHKorB. 

OhH, OÓHKHOBeHHO, UO&t^íOdThy eCJH TOJBBO OHH A^fiCTBHTeJBHO 

BEipasHTeiH seaaHifi CHaBHHX'B cioeB^B nacejeHÍfl h ecjH bi shshb 
HKB coo(iajBHOfi ppyniiu ne BTOpreeTca nocTopoHHfla coia (bmí- 
maTejBCTBO 6aaie chjbhoK naiÚH h t. n.): IlapH&iB bx HpiaHAÍH 
Ciiix ee KeH^ nonyjiflpeHX, HesejH BecMapRi bx IIpyccÍH, — a 
Mosexx 6iiTB, H nonyjTflpu^i&e, ho BRCMapRx oct&ich noó^XHie* 
jeiTB, IlapnenB se ho AOcrarB dohth HHqero. ORpyzaionáfl, no- 
CTopoHHÍfl IIpyccÍH H UpjiaHAÍH, csusu o6ycj[OBHjiH cyAB6y xoro h 
Apyroro, ho bx npoA&iaxx CBoeň coI^aJ[BHofi rpynnBi, vh AanHOMx 
cjyqai — CBoeň Ha^iH, hh totx, bh Apyrofi oahhorhhh ne 6uae. 

J[ÍJiM oÓH^yio xapaRTepHCTHRy o<^hx'b Raxeropifi sioro pas- 
pflxa nojniTHqecRHxx A^BTejefi, HenoqpedcmeeHHO BjiiflBmHxx na co- 
6uTÍfl, CRasem: SHa^eme nepBofi RaxeropiH (jBoxefi CHJiBHofi HHHep- 
Bai(ÍH H oxapeHBuxx yHCTBesHUMB TajiaHTaMH) 8aRjK)iaeTCfl bi 

TOMl, qTO OHH, BO-nepBHXX, HOBHAHMOMy XpOHOJtOraneCRH yCR0pflH)Ti 

nacryniieHie co^HTÍfi, BJieRyn^Hxi 3a co6oh) HysHua nepentHu; bo- 

BTOpBIXly 9T0 OHH OCyH^eCTBJIfliaTl 3TH Hy2RHBIfl CH^IBHOfi qaCTH Ha- 

poxa ycTaHOBJíeHÍfl (cjiobo „CHisHHfi^ ynorpeÓJieHO sflíbcb bi ca- 
HOiTB ysROiTB SHa^eHÍR; npaBfln^ie Rpyra h npaBHTejBCTBeHHiifi 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



456 B%CTEÉSSh EBPÓnil. 

aaDaparB noAA^psajH Ileipa Be^HRaro^ Oojbinafl nacrb BpecTbflH- 
CTBa H 6ypa;ya8ÍH — noAAepxajia 4>P&Hqy8CRHxi> peBOJiioi^ioHepoB^b). 
PflAOiťB CB dTnwb, OHH qacTO ocyn^ecraifliorE h jib^búsi cboh saT^H, 
noHTH Bcerj^a flSwiHion^iflCfl a^eiiepHAaMH. 

SBaneme BTopofi BaTeropÍH (axoro se paspaj^a HenocpeACTBeHHO ^ 
Bjiflioii^Hx^ Ha co6iiTÍfl repoeBi>) sasjuo^aeicfl b% tom%, ^to ohh 
Tasme cnocoOcTByiorB ycsopeHÍio coÓBiTÍfi, Hyseim caibEOŘ nacTH 
uacejeHÍfl; npe^eMi ctoatb bx CMUCJt pasBHTifl oóianxi nosHXHHe- 
CKHX'B HAefi Ha ypoBH-l^ Bu;(BHHyBineft hxi Maccu, ho cbohmh oco- 
<5iiMH MopajBHUMH CBOfiCTBaHH npeBMyn^ecTBeHao npexi oóurho- 
BeHBUMH jBDAbMH cnoco6eTByK)Tb ocyn;ecTBJieHÍK> o6n^epacnpocTpa- 
HeflHuxi TeHAeHi^iii; ecjH ohh o^JiaxaiorB h xexHHqecBBHH cnoco6- 
HocTflMH, TO RTb sHa^eHÍe en^e 6ojibme (xota qan^e TexHH^ecKifl 
cnocofiHOCTH coeARHflioTCfl ci ofin^HMH yMCTBeHHiíMH jiapaMH npH- 
poAH H BCipi^aioTCfl y A*flTejieft nepBofi EaieropiH). 



VL 
TaROBO 3HaqeHÍe dToro nepBaro paspa^a ncRXHnecRHXi^ exHHHq- 

HUX^b CH;I'B, KOTOpUfl BMBlOTb BSi nOJUTH^eCRÍfl COfiUTÍfl H CHOCOfi- 

CTByioTi Bupa6oTKÍ nojiHTHqecBHxi yqpesAeBÍfi; xaKOBO SHa^eme 
HXB jiJía peajbHOfi HCxopÍH. Ho saBOBO sHa^enie hxi aia oón^e- 
cxB0B']^A'i^HÍfl, Kam uayKU? Ybei, caMoe npHcsopÓHoe! PascRasiiBaercji 
rA']^-xo, KaBx o^HH^b Haxypa.iHcrb pacxooxaji HoraMH ďLysa, nafi- 
AeHHaro hub, xojibRO noxoMy, ixo syR^b cbohmh oco6eHHOCTflMH 
iá^míui% cxpottHOcxH ero BjaccH4>HBai^ÍH. HcTopHqecBie repoH yse 
nepBaro onncaHearo naiiH paspn^a mofjh 6u B086yAHXb cbhp']^- 
iiocxb 8Toro naxypajiHcxa, HaquH oht> saHHMaxbca oĎn^ecxBOBiA*- 
HÍeMi. Bi caMOiťb ji,^% oh^-xo, 9xh ncHxnqecRifl chjiu, ao qpes- 
BuqafiHocxH yaiosnflfoxi aím. Hrb mh BHBejiH oxnocHxejibHo hxi? 
íxo OHŠ cnoco6cxByK)x% ycRopejiiio opoi^ecca nojHXHqecROfi 3dojik>- 
uíh. Bubcacho 9X0 — anpiopHO, h6o cymecxBO A^-^a HCR^Hoqaex^ 
HHofi nyxb... ^x5 o6ycjiOBjiHBaexi hxi uoflB.ieHÍe? Fsijs,^ npHqHui, 
ROTOpiIXl HHRTO He 3Baex'B H Roxopufl HasuoaioTCfl (})H3Í0J0rHqe* 
CRHMH H HHHMH CJiyqaflMH. ^x6 HX'b UOfiAepSKOBB^rb? Bcfl coi^iajíb- 

Haa rpynoa (Baqia) hjh CHJibHaa qacxb ea, x.-e. Morymaa Aocxa- 
BHTb HM1> BOSMOSBOCXb ())n3HqecR0fi 6opb6ii Cb npeoflxcxBiflMH. Ho 
KanoH qacxb rpynnu bi onpeA'6jeHBbiB MOMeHrb CHJbHa bi dxoii^b 
CMucií? OxBŠxib oxHOCHxejbHO opoHMaro Momevb Caxb xojibKO ano- 
cxepiopHUMB, oxBOCHxesbBo 6yAyniaro — xojibRO raAaxeibHUM!b... 
Oaho JHmb ocxaexcfl HecoKpyniHMHMB: AOjro ^KHByxi yqpea- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



COI^IO.lOnfl H HCTOPHqECKOB nOSOAHIE. 457 

j^eHÍfl, He npenflTCTByioiiiifl y^tOBJíerBopeHÍfo 8E0H0MHqecRHX'B aj^ji,% 
CRJiBHMmefi nacTH coi^iajihHOfi rpynuH h oxpaHHioii^ifl HysHEifi efi 
SKaHOMH^ecKÍft CTpofi; rHĎHyTB, — yqpe»fleBÍa, b^ 9tomi CMUcjit 
CEau'bfiinefi nacTH Hace^eBÍa HeHysHUfl. MaccH Bcer^a dinwh h 
TOJiBBo aTHiTB rHeTy^HiTB HHTepecoiTB saHflTU, — oni CBOHMi re- 
poflM^ AaioTB 8Tff T6HAenaÍH (Borxa caMH no^r^ KiiflHÍeifB pociyn^ett 

AHTeHCHBHOCTB CBOHX'B nOTpeÓHOCTefi, IHHpORO TaSHMH TeH^eHipAMH 

DpOHHBoyTCfl); repoH ocymecTBjaiorB Hxt, — h9to ocTaeTCff,-^ocTajife- 
Hoe OTMeTaeTCH. Bort noneMy qHCTO-rpaayíaHCKifl ycTanoBjíeHifl h 
DpaB0Bii6 RO^neBCii ÓOJLhme Bcero BusHBaiorB uocjvb cosAaBmHxx 
Hxi> peBOJiioi^ft H pe^opMt, a ^HCTO-noniTH^ecRie HHCTHTyTu h 
BOHCTHTyi^ÍH ^9íí^,e Bcero no^BepratOTCfl muiEemnwb. CuAhuou) 
^acTB Hace^eHÍfl Mosexi 6un Tor^a, Ror^a oea Bce-xasH aobojibho 
BejHBa BOJiHqecTBeBHO (bto — conditio sine qoa non); a Óojsmoe 
sojiH^ecTBo jiK>Aelt HBROFAa, AAse TenepE, ^ase bi AMepHR'6, Ah- 
TÚE H $pafli^ÍH ne Moo/cerm — ncflxOwiorHqecRH — BBTepecoBaTBCfl ro- 
;(H^flKaipoHBUMB noApo^BOCTAMH; wb npejRBÍfl se BpeiieBa, b^ bcto- 
pÍH, B rjaBBue npBBi^nii tbctoK nojiRTARH BBBoro, RpoM% rop* 
CTO^RH, Be BBTepecoBajH. Ho iT0(5u ya^B robhbtb ct repoHMB, 
BOcnojEsyeiíCH i*m^, hto p*^ sanua o&h 3T0fl „ropcroqR*". 3Ty 
ropcTO^By H npesA6) h TenepB BMeaoBajiB pa3JiBqfl'6finiBMR anRTe- 
laMB, — HHTeJiJiHreHiýfl, inteUectnels, Scbwarmer, Trftumer b t. jí,. 
Cy^6a 9T0ft ropcio^iRB T'bcB0 CBasafla b'b BCTopflqecRBX'B nare- 
piaiaxt — R ijfdí&TvmecKvij n jorB^ecRR — ci cyj^tfiaMB Broporo ot- 
MŠqeBHaro aaMB paspajia repoes^B (r.-e. repoesi, BJiiflBÍe ROTopuxx 
Ha nojiHTBqecRÍB coÓutíh fle HenocpexcTBeHHo, a BocBeHHo). 

drorB BTopofi paspA^t^b BRjioqaeTB ^bjioco()k>bi, nyÓJiflaBCTOBi, 
xyAoaRBflROB% (MOBa, RBCTH, p^3i(a, cosjtaTejiefi TeojorHqecRHxi b 
Teojoro-»TBqecRHX'B CBCxeMi,— cjobomi, rbvb jmjieŘ, y ROxopBixi 
noBHmeHBafl BSBepsanifl coeABHfljiacB cb laRoro po^a yMCTBeHnuM^ 
Ta.mHTOMi BJiB reHÍeM'B, qxo, BycRasuBan cbob mhcjtb b qyBCTea, 
OHB ORasuBajiB BJiiflBie Ba APyrBX^ Jio^efi, — h BJiiflaie otiBtecTBee- 
Hoe. ApBCTo4)aH'B, TaipTB, Mbjtbtob^, BojiBTepi, Pycco, A^^Apo, 
JIiOTepi», BBiepx Cxoy b x. a*, h x. ;^., — boxx JiK>m 3xoro pas- 
pffAa; MU npBBejB nepsufl npBmeAmifl aa naMaxB BMesa. Mo;rbo 
Aase CRasaxB, qxo ecHKiú A^^cxBBxejBso 6oJBmott xy;^OHecxBeflHBifi 
xajaHXTi nuierh o(5n^ecxBeflBoe sBaneflie, jifiíSRe eciB cobcími 061 
axoM-B He BaCoxHxcfl, b6o o(5xe;íBHHexi oÓbíhocxbk) nepeatBBaeMHxi 
xyxoatecxBeBHBix'B aMOi^ifí Bdx%, aacjiamAaion^Hxcfl ero cos^^aHiflMB; bi 
en^e 6o.iBBiett mipi dxo mosrho CRasaxb o xajaHxax'B nyÓJBqBCXBqecRiixi 



') o 3Ha^eHÍH 3Toro cioBa cm. paHbme. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



'458 BMTHHR^ EBPOnn. 

H ^HJOco^RHxx, Eiiflfon^HX^B Ha MěHbmee ucjo ynoBi, ho saTO 
jffie 6o:íie npflMO, 6oJiie HenocpeACTBeHHO. PasyMi^^TCfl, lyrB sasHO 
HacROJiBRo bhíhihíh oÓCTOflxejLBCTBa pacnojisu'aiO'rB oti^ecTBo si 
BocnpiflTÍH) H^efi H 66pa30Bi, BiipassaeMin^ h cosxaBaeMux^B uHca- 

XeJIflMH H XyAOSHHBaMH. Ho TaBl BaB'B STO CJIHniBOirB nOHflXHO h 

H3BÍCTH0,— nepefi^eiTB Vb J^py^OMy Bonpocy: na noto BJÚaíOTb ohh? 
06paTHMCfl Bi peTpocneRTHBHOMy HcropHHecKOMy ofisopy npeAMera. 
Bx 1880 ro;íy, no yB^penÍH) TaBoro (JesnpHCTpacTHaro bo bo^x^b 
OTHomeBÚxi CBH;c%Tejrfl, saBi Ta. Hb. YcneHCBÍfi, npejtCTasHrejH 
MOCBOBCBaro npocToro napoxa HH^ero ho noHHMajH h HeAoyM'6Baj[H, 
BHAfl coopysenie naMATHHBa HymRHny („CTaiyfi"... „haoj['b'' etc.); a o 
8HaHÍH HapoAHUMH MaccaMH PoccÍH APyrnx^B nncaTejell h roBopHTb 
yme He hphxoahtch. IlHmyniifi dXH cípoRH ^Hxaji^ wb „Frankfur- 
ter Zeítung** neroj^yion^ee saflBJíeHie, hxo Hinei^ROfi ^epeBni ne- 
HSBŽcxHU EHor^a A&se HMena HlHJiJiepa h Féxe, ne BSHpaa na 
niROjy. nopuBniHCE bi naifAxn, MHOrie BcnoMHflxi anaiorHqHHH 
ROHCxaxHpoBaeifl 4>aRxa nojinaro hjh noqxn nojinaro neB^A^HÍA Mac- 
caiíH eBponeficRaro Hacejenifl A&se miewb BeJiH^afirnExo^ cbohxo^ 
nHcaxejeK— xyAOJRHHROBi c^oBa. O ^ejioco^síxi^, nyóJiHi^HCxaxi, 
sHBonHci^ax'B, cRyj[Bnxopax'B, Rone^HO, n p^i^^n 6uTh ne Mosexi. 
TaRi HJH noHXH xaRi oÓciOEVh A&io wb nacxofln^ee BpoMfl; h dxo 
MH roBopHMi AasKe o6z uMenaxh^ a Hyasno sa AORasuBaxE, qxo ysob 
BjriaHÍfl-xo na napo^tHiifl Maccu — h bx EBpont, h y Haci — repoH 
MucjiH H HCRyccxBa ne hit&ih HHRaRoro b'b HCxeRmeMi XIX B^tik. 

EOÍH OXHOCHXeJIBHO XIX BŠRa 8T0 MOaCHO ROHCXaXHpOBaXB ne XOJbRO 

JíorHqecRH, HO oxqacxH 4>aRXH?ecRH, xo qx5 cRasaxb o BÍRax% mh- 
HyBmHx^? ToFAa ne Cblzlo ycneHCRHXx, ne 6ujlo rasexi, HHxepe- 
cyionilHxcfl pacnpocxpaHeHÍeiťB RyjiExypu, — ne Óhjío, cjoboitb, jh>- 
Óoniixcxsa oxBOCHxejBHO Bonpoca: qexaiox^ ?xo-HH6yAB cipna Maccu 
hjhh HŠxi? Htfo H BonpocB ÓBuii npasAHiifi: BCBoxy cipuH Maccu 
TOxaxE ne yMŠJiH uo^xh coBepmeneo. Teneps en^e npoAOJisHaťs 
axoxi o63opi^: a bi cpeAHÍe B^Ra, b% RjiaccHHecRyio anox; ^p6^iH 
H PHiia, yM&io HHxaxB napo^tnoe 6oji>mHHCXBO? Tyxi ^aRXHHecRHXi 
yRasanifi várb hjh no^xH vArh^ ho, naMflxya o nojiosenÍH A^a 
Wh XIX cxo;r]bxÍH, mh ne saxpyAHHMCfl Aaxb ce6i oopeA&ieHHHft 
oxB^xi na dxoxi Bonpoci. Pf Bce-xaRH axH jioah (repoH mhcjih) 
Bupasaioxib cboh habh, pncyiorB óópasu h BJiíaiorB na HCxopHqe- 
críh co6Hxifl, — Rone^BO, ne na cyn^Hocxb hxi, ho otnuacmu na hx^b 

XpOHOJOrÍH) H BH%niHK)IO OÓCXaHOBRy. DpOHCXOAHXl dXO Bl o6mfiiii> 
XaRl. nCHXHHeCRÍfl BJrmHÍfl, HCXO^AHÚH OTL JllO^eŘ CHdlBHOfi HHHep- 
Ba^iH H CHJbHEIXl JIHXepaXypHHX^b H HHUXX Xa^taHXOBl, — 8XH Bjifl- 

HÍfl, 3aposAa6MEifl y HeoÓufcnoeeuHuxz jiOAefi BniniHHMH b^ahíamh 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



COUlOJlOrifl H HCTOřH^ECROE nOSHÁHlE. 459 

H nepepa6oTUBaeMiifl htl ;tyineBHOK) kh3bi>k), .^^fiCTByiorB he oÓukuo- 
eeuHuxz jio^efi, ROTopuxi HHBepBaiufl manoice noBumeHa, Boropne 
Tasse SHByrB noKh aeajiorHqHiiHH BnenaTjiiHiflMH ORpysaion^efi 
q[>eAH H ROTopue CJUJinairL hsi TajiaeTJEflBHXi ycTB jihÓo apsoe 
H8o6paseHÍe oón^epacnpocrpaHeflHHX^B ^ru&ímjAu^^ xbl6o opere- 

BaJBHKfl HOeUH HAeH OTHOCHTejSHO T^Xl HJIH HH£IX'E Ofin^eCTBeH- 

HBixi BonpoeoBTB. TaKÍe jioah, o($LrBHOBeHHiie no yMCTBeHHUMi cno* 

COChOCTAITB, ho He COBCÍ^HX OÓHAeHHUe no CBOĚCTBaM'B HHHepBai^ÍH^ 

noAi BidflHÍe¥i onHCUBaeMaro paspa^ft „repoeBi^ mbioih h HCByc- 
CTBa, — ÓHCTpíe AOxoAflTi flo rtxt HJH HHHxi BHBO^OBX, rjTyfiaBe 

npOHHBaiDTCfl T^MH HJH HHUMH qyBCTBaMH^ H XOTfl HX'B BCe-TaBH, 

q)aBHHTe;ibH0 cb cipofi, TeMHofi Haccofi, Ďii.ia Bcer;ta h BCio^y rop- 
CTo^sa, HO OHH npHHHiiajH BecBMa qacTo ^'^flTejiBHoe y^acTÍe bi 
coBepmaBmHxcfl coChtíhxi, — h ohh-to cocraBJAiH Bcer^a Heo6xo- 
AHMyio CBHTy, neofixoAHMoe opyJ^ie noJiHTHqecEHX^ „repoeBi"; ohh-to, 
dra HHTejjHreHipfl, intellectuels, Schwarmer h t. n., h hphbho- 

CHJIH (bm4ct4 cb nOJEHTHqeCBHMH „repOflMH") Bt HCTOpHHeCBÍA co- 
OUTÍfl TO CaMOHHHHOe CTpOHTeJIBCTBO, BOTOpOO HOTOlfB ^aCTO OEa- 

BUBajocB CTOJiB maTBHifB B HeAOJ[roB']&qHEnfi^. Bx bbicoboS MŠpi 

HeJI^nO ŮhULO 6Bir0B0pHTB o „HHHTOXHOCTH^ HXl pOJ[H H T. H. Be- 

n^axx; au HayEH HHqxo ne hehtosho, a A^^HxejEBHOCTB 9T0fi Ma- 
jieHBBOfi ropcToqBH Ha npoTflseHÍH Bcefi HCTopÍH TasrB apsa, TaB^B 
niHpOBa no cbohm^b ochobhhmi H^eaifB, laB^B oyÓOBO xpftMaTHqna no 
CBOHjii AeTajraH^B, ^to tojibbo jmniB BCJ[']&ACTBÍe ne^ocTaTBa nysHBix^B 
MaTepiajOBi, aa OTcyTCTBÍa HHTepeca y hctophbob^b, ao chxb nop^B 
ne onHcaHH cucmeMamunecKu cyABfiu aiofi najieHBBofi, no aocto- 
npHifiiaTewiBHofi coiúajiBHo-ncHxojorHqecBofi BaTeropÍH jno^efi bo 
BC^xx crpanaxi h bo Bdb anoxH. Ho MaTepiajiOB'B h^tb, cy^Bdu ho 
onHcaHH — H oĎ^ecTBOBÍ^y ocTaeica ipy^naa paóoia— emen stotb 
HHTepecHufi cioserB ne paspaÓOTUBaTB, a „buboahtb sa cbo6bh^ 
HCTopÍH, — qTO, BoneqHO, ipy^nše ^'^aTB, nemeiiH b^ ajirefip* cb 

aHOHHMHUMH BGJIHqHHaMH. BkIBO^BIB Se „Sa CROÓBH^ BjdaHÍe ncH- 

XHqecBHxi^ CHJii na HCTopHqecBÍa coŮEtÚA, ^ficTBHTejiBHO, Hejer- 
Baa sa^aqa. (MpaTEMca bo^ BOHBperHOMy npHH^py. 

Bi 1861 rofly HMnepaTopx AjieBcan^pB n ocboCoahji-b spe- 
CTBaHi. Ohb yAOB^eTBopHJTB diHiTB, BaB'B yso 6bijio ynoManyTO^ 
Hacyn^Hofi noTpe6HOcrH h rocy^apciBa, h 6ojiBmHHCTBa Hacaienia. 
Ho MOSHO JIH CBasaxB, qxo oh^b doAoicem Óuji^b HnenHO vh 1861 
roxy, a HHBaB^B ne nosse, ocbo6o;(htb EpecTBani, qxo BaBOBO 6u hh 
Óujo pimenie BepxoBHOfi BJiacxH — ocBo6os;](eHÍe xor^ca se cocxoa- 
locB í6h? Hh vh BaBOMB cjryqai. „H bxo SHaexx, — ecjH 6h ne 
IlapB-OcBo6oAHxej[B, ne Jinsajii jch 6h m chxi nopi ^HJBBa pac- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



460 noTiDnB ebpodii. 

KajeHHyH) ne<iRy asukomi e ee xoAHjra jib 6hi MamBa ocTpHseBHoii 
no npHKa3aHÍK) (SapuHR^? 

npHooMHHaeH^b dTH cjOBa, CBasaHHUfl qejOB'£ROMx, ROToparo 
vh cepBMHBMi ynpeRaxB hhrto ne 0TBa»HTCfl, — Cbjithrobumx. ^tfi- 
CTBHTeiBHO, Tjsík JiorHqecRÍH xoRaBaTejfbCTsa, HTO RpšnocTHoe opaBO 
HeMorJO 6u npocymecTBOBaTt eme jsfiCňth — ííBawaTB, ipH^i^aTB jÍtl? 
Bbijh 6u HajieHBRÍfl RpecTBAHCsifl BOscraHbfiaa, ROiopufl HHqero ee 
6ujL0 6u Jierqe RaRi^ noAaBHTb BoeHHofi cnjiofi; wcTaH RpecTBHH- 
CRaa nyra^ieBn^HHa b^b XIX bízí, npH cpeACTBax^B rocy^tapciBeu- 
Holi B.iacTH, He Mooa 6u y^aTtcJi (^a h fb XVin ona en- 
qero He ;^ocTH^JIa). B'b rohi^í rohiíob-l, Heo6xoAHMOCTB npoRopMHTbCff, 
js^Jiíi 6ojiBmiiHCTBa HacejieniH, HeoóxoAHMOCXB coxpaHHTB ot'b na^e- 
HÍfl BecB rocy^apcTBesHuž MexaHHSM^B (xoth 6u hsi hhcto-jihihbixx 

HHTepeCOBx)— Wfl MeHBmHHCTBa, HBHJHCB 6u ^íOCTaTOíHHMH CTHMy- 

jaMH, nTo6u BuqepRHyTb hhphuhi hjih HeMHpHUMi nyxeHi Rp'6- 
nocTHoe npaBO h3:b rpas^ancRaro Ro^eRca. Ho Ror^a HacTajrB 6u 
STOTB, xaR^ HasHBaeMuftj rHnoreTHiecRift „rohciíx rohi^ob^*^? Brb- 
poHmnOy Hepesx 10, 20, 30 jítb... Tyrt yat-B ra^aHÍBirB npej^o- 
cxaBjífleTCfl BecBMa mHpoRifi npocTopx. H botx, bx c^eýb btoix) 
BaxHaro, ci tohrh sptHÍH ot^t^jibhoK nejiOB^^ecKOŘ khshh, h HesaM^x- 
Haro co BceMÍpHO-HCxopH^ecRofi xo^rh 3p'bHÍfl nepio^a b^b n'£cROJBRo 
;íecflXHJi'fcxiŘ, — ncHXHqecRifl chjbi, ABHHyBmia bx a4jio ocBo6o»Aeeifl 
BecB rpoMOSARÍň h cHJiBHufi npaBHxe.iBCXBeHHuft annapaxi, h cu- 
rpa;iH cbok) pojB: onn xponoAOiUHecKU npuÚAuauAU HeusCnaicHoe 
xaRi xe, RaR^B mofíih 6u xpoHOJiorB^ecRH ox^ajiHXb ero ao mv^ox- 
Haro (h Hayqso HeonpeA'6jiHifaro) npe^^Jia. JI^^HxejibHŠfiinyio poJiB npn 
ocBo6o»AeHÍH CBirpaja qacxb ofímecxBa, xaR^ HasuBacMaa unmejju- 
lenUfíH, Roxopafl bc^mh M'6paMH noMoraJia npaBHxeJibcxBy b^ ero 3a^aq'6 
H noóys^ajia ero ri óojiie mHpoRofi nocxanoBR^b a^&- 3Ta HHqxosRHan 
qncJieHHO (KaR'B Bcer^a h wzjiib) rpynna eapoj^a, oója^aBinafl CBoft- 

CXBOMl ()5jlbllieft HHHepBai^iH H, FB JIHI^% OXj^JIbHUXX HJieHOB^ CBORX^, 

BU^^aion^RMHCfl RaqecxBaMH yna h yMCXBeHHUX^B xaJiaexOBi, h co- 
3;iaBajía xo, qx6 nocHx^ HasBanie o6mecxBeHHaro MHtHÍfl, x.-e., ;ipy- 
THMH ciOBaMH: MajiCAbRÍfi RpyjKORi Jio^ett, xoxb Kh cxo — ;íb4cxh 
xHCflq-B qe-iOBÍR-B (ÓepeMx Hapoqno ;^OBOJIbHO HeocHOBaxejBHbift 
MaRCHMyMi), cpe^H ceMHAecBXHMHjjioHHaro napo^a iracaai, roBO- 
pHJix, cnopHjx, rayMŠJx, — a ceMb^ecfixi mhjijíohobt* MOJiqa-iH. 
Mhofo jh 6ujio xaRHX'B MHŠBitt RpyKRa, ROxopsiH coBna^ajH 6u 
cx MHÍHiflMH ox^rfeJitnuxx BJiaccoBT> BCCFO Hapo;ía? Hix^, HeMHoro, 

HaCROJIbRO MOSHO CyjlHXbl MHŠHÍH Rp']&nOCXHHROB'b H MH'6hÍB, bbi- 

paďsaBmiflCfl bi xejaniH ocBo6osA6HÍff cb 3eMjeio, h, HaROHeiii>, 
(xoxfl m> oqeHb Majoft cxeneHH), mh^hía o neofixo^HMOCxn ocbo6o- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



COI^iaiOrifl H HCTOPH^ECSOE nOSHÁHIB. 461 

jqiTB RpeCTBAB^B 663^ 3eiLSH. A 6lUH B^B dTOlTB SpySBŠ (^0 H3BÍCT- 

Hofi CTeneHH sasBaTUBaBineMi h npaBHrejcBCTBeHHH^i jihi^x) mhí- 
HÍfl en^e h i^pyris, camifl pasHOofipasHiifl: o selfgoveniment, o JBcopn 
(Tor^a, ^0 ocyiuecTBieHifl; qacTO ynorpe&ifiJHCB HHOCTpaHHUfl na- 
BBaHÍfl), o CBo6oAÍ npeccu, o Heo6zoxHHOCTH CHOcašmecTBOBaTb sen- 
CRHiťB HanajaMi, o hboĎxoahmocth npoTHBHiBCfl BBeAeeiK) seiiCRHX^b 
Ba9aji'B, o&b dicaacHnaipH seHsiBHi, h t. h.j h t. a- RpysoKi BecBua 
dTHM^B saHBnajiCH, (MsecTO^eHBít) cnopHXB, npecA^AOBaji o^asrb cbo- 
BSB ^jeHOBx pyRaMH xpyrarB cbohxi uenoBi, paspymaiob, eos^a- 
BarB, — H KaKB yse esasaHO, Em> ero coB^aHÍfi tojibso ^na (specTBAH- 
CBoe ocBotfosxeHÍe h BoeBeaH pe^pMa) ocraiHCB ujkjsu. Ho TaK'B 
RaR% aia cotha TUCRWh h es noTOHSH bhahu h cjkuiihh, to bobhh- 
laeTB M,o HesipoATÍH nyTW)ii^afl h 6esfb tofo xaoTH^ecKie iiaTepiajEn 
xasi Ha8EiBaeMa» „yMCTBenHaa Hcropifl" (saKB ona iraineTCfl), T.-e« 
HCTopífl cnopoBi, pado^apoBamfi h hobux^b oqapoBaHÍfi ropcro^KH 

JHI^'B, HH'6BmHX'B CJiy^afi pOAHTBCfl HJH BOCDHTaTBCfl Ch ÓOjAb I|0BU- 

meHHOfi HHHepBauiefi^ nemejiE 99 h TpH-qexBepTH apoi^eHia hx% 

COOTeneCTBeflHHBOBl. 

npexcraBEMOb ce&kj ^to BaB0ft-HH6yxB J^bi Myppdft, bscjiž- 
AOsareA Mopesofi i^pu b ^ayBii, Bafi^er^ rpynny nojoiBnaBi b 

yBB^BTl, HTO Ba BaSA^fi MBJLliOB^ dTBXOb Cyn^eCTBl npBXOAHTCfl 

TiícflTO BOJTopu oco6eň, 6oj[ie 6scTpo ^BBraioBiBxcfl, 6iiCTpo 
osaifefl^BaiontBrB, ocraBjflioBtBxab no ce6% eje-saH^xBBift cjAfih 

KB BBA^ MajreBBBOfi BOIOCKB B BEIA']&JlfllOBl(BX'B noai'& C66fl BOByH), 
CTOIB se BBHTOSByiD, BCBJIIO^BTeJÍBByK) BaTerOpÍH). B']bp0flTB0, 
OffB BBeCB 6ll BaM^TBy o BBTB Vh CBOfi ByreBOfi SypBaJTB, BBCMŠ- 
XOBaJTB 6U B'6CB0J[BB0 dBSeMBJIHpOBX B, yfi^AHBfllBCB B'B TOSAGCTBeA- 

BOCTB ^BBBHecBaro CTpoeflÍH, ocTaBBJí 6u A&io; Taisse ocTaBBJx 
6u A^o BpBiTB, JIe66oB^ bjtb dcBBBacB, y6ÍAHBmBCB Wh npeBMy- 

B^eCTBeflBOfi nOABB^KBOCTB, A^flTeJTBBOCTB, paÓOTOCQOCOÓBOCTB OABOFO 

MypaBBfl, BJiB jífime A^CHTBa — vh MypaBefiBBB'^. Ho bb bctopbk^b, 

BB 0(SBieCTBOB']&A'B HB M^ymz T9Xh jeFRO OCTaBBTB 6631 BBBMafliA 

Aase B OABy cotbh) thcb^i Hesxy cm MBJjíoBaMB^ eciB bhobao 
dra coTBfl TucflHi BJiifien, b Bjdflexi BBor^a o^esB objebbo, aa 
SB3BB Haccu (xoTfl 6u cnoco6cTByfl xpoBOJorB^ecKOMy npaÓJBse- 
BÍH> B OTAajreBÍH) co^utíK b nojBXBweBBXx nepeHÍBí); OBa b^íbctb 
Ba Maccy eB^e b Bas^B co3^ameJlhHiJ^^a ^oKmoez. HanpBM^p^, wh 
PocdB BOBBifi cyA^ oKasaicfl coipoiorB^ecBB-xpynBBMi BKieBien^B; 
B OABaBo, ^l^aRTB ero cy^ecTBOBanifl, paBeBCTBo npe^^B yrojOBBUMx 

SaSOBOlCB, „BUBB^e 6flTB BO BpBBadaSO^ B T. A-) — BCe 3T0 BBeceflo 
Vh BapOAByK) XB8BB^-*B pa3B'& MOSBO BU^BCSHTB BCb BOBUfl B^BB, 

BOBHfl BsaBÍfl B noBHTÍff, Bopoac^eBBHfl ^^aBTaMfl noAOfiBaro po^a, 

ToM^ v.— OKTaBPL, 1902, 30/s 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



462 BMTHHB^ EBPOaU. 

T.-e. CEMOH) ^(^cTBHTe^iBHOK) oponaraHAOK)? H axo HsxiHeHie ncH- 
xOTecBaro yuMA mecce HauHaerB lasse asorxa cxHaciH bjiíatb 
Ha cyAB6y y^peasAemfl, ne hmíioii^qx!^ caMH no ce6^ ocoÓeHHO 
npoqHHxob Kopeefi, peaiBHOfi esiH conpoTH&ieHÍJiy aBTHBHoll sa- 
n^TBi, — xoTfl, BnpoqeiťB^ cpaBHHTei&HO pÍABO^ laRoe aiiame mosho 

BOHCTaTHpOBaTB. 

Ho en^e h no xpyvEWh ocHosaHiflK^E HCTopin yMCTBeoHoS shsbb 
9T0fi MajreHBBofi ropcTO«H He nof^herca „BUBe^eHiio sa cbo6bh^. 
dia BocnpÍHHqHBafl, Bne^aTaHTeiBHafl ropcroHsa cocTaB^flexi b co- 
craBiua b^b HcropÍB pa8HHX'B CTpaai h anox^B saR^ 611 rjaBHKfi 
mTa5i, CBBTy noMOii^eHEOB'B h HcnojtHHTeiefi BORpyrB „repoeBx" 
060BXI easBaHHHxi^ paspflxoBi, x.-e. h npflKo^ h bocbohho BiiflB- 
niHx^b Ha noj[BTB?ecBÍfl co6uTÍfl. Jíflíi To^naro aBajmsa diofi pojB 
Hxob o6paTHMCfl KT^ pa8CM0TpÍHÍH) coi^ojorHqecBaro sHaieHÍfl ciOBa 
,co(5HTÍe*'. 

VII. 

OroBopHMCfl npe^xe Bcero: mbi yiíBiiiLieHHO ciysHMi h BecBica 
CHJiBHO ciydHifB ofiiOM-B cjiOBa „co6iiTÍe", BHOBHO HOTOMy, qio npH 

COBpeMeHHOM'b COCTOflHÍB 06n^eCTB0BÍAÍHÍfl HÍTB HHKaBOň B03M0S- 
HOCTH OnepHpOBaTB HaA^ CJIHmSOMl 06lI^HHH nOHflTiaHH. ACTpOHO- 

MÍfl noA'B HAonemcm o6iJBHOBeHHO noHHMaeTi He6ecHee t&io roA- 
HeHHOů cHCTeMH; 6uTb uosjevhj npH WLSbwbŘmeui^ nporpecd BTofi 
HayBH H efl BcnoMoraxejBHuxx cpeACTBOb noHflxie iLiaHexH pacmH- 
pHxcfl Bi o6ieMŠ H Óyxexx oxBaxuBaxB cooxBÍxcxByion^ifl He6ec- 
HUfl xšjia HHuxi, noBa HeH3B'6cxH£ix'E CHcxeMG^; HO nosa acxpoHO- 
MRqecBoe npocxop'lqie AonycBaex^ dxy xepMHHOJOiiio h ne Bcer^a 
AotfaBdiBexT* Bi cjiOBy „tLianexa'' onpeA^eme: „co^nenHOfi ch- 
cxeMu^. Mosexx 6bitb, BorAa*HH6yAb h ocyn^ecxBHXCfl xo, na ^x5 
coBepmeHHO ne naA^excfl nHmynpfi 9xh cxpoBH, — h 6e3i hcuk)- 
qeHÍfl ecfh coóuxifl coiúaiBHOfi shshh bi apomjtoMi h Hacxoa^eifi 
CMoryxi BOftxH bx flcnyio h xoqHyio i^inb saBOHOM^pHOCxH^ — ho 
Bi osH^aBÍH 6yAyn^HX!B ycn^xoBx oóvofiCTBOvkjiíkEm AOCxaxoHHO 6y- 
xexx, ecjiH MU orpaHHqHMi 06'BeH'B noHHxifl „cofiuxie" Óojrie ao- 
cxynHOH) AJH HsyqeHÍH c^epoK). By^eiTB noHHMaxb hoab cjeobomi 
€o6umie xojibbo xaBofi HCxopHqecsiň ^^^^i^? Boxopnfi bosmosho 
npHBecxH bx npflMyio cbhsb cl cxpeMJieHiflMH qjenoBi A&HHOfi co- 
i(íaiBHOfi rpynnu coxpaHHXB eae hsmíhhxb ob BHyxpeHHÍ8 cxpoft. 
Coi^ioJorHqecEOMy yqexy noMWoxca ropasAO 6ojr6e, neaejiH bcí 
Apyrie Maxepi&aH o6ii^ecxBOBÍA'i^HÍfl, — HSMŠHeHÍfl xosflKcxBeHHaro 
cxpofl AftHHOfi coi^ajBHOfi rpynnii; CArbdoeameAhHO^ vh 65iBmefi 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



COipOJOrifl H HCT0PH9ECB0B DOSHAHIE. 463 

creneHH sasoHOir&pHO otfxflCHHMii toji»bo rb coóam, ROTopEia 

CTOflTE Vb npflMOĚ CBflSH Ch H3MÍHeHÍflMH XOdflfiCTBeHHErO CTpOfl; 

ůArbdoMmeAhHO^ totho tasae jer^ie o^ihcehmu h Óojsme noA- 
^QtioTCA y^ery toj&ko rb ncHXňecsifl cuh, Koropiifl cjysaTB bh- 
AHMHiTB ^nopoiTB nodoSubim coónrifi, a ee jtj^jvixrb; CAtbdoec^ 
incMHO^ H BJiiflHie DOiHTHHecRHi^ A^flTaieft H HrE rjraBHaro mxaóa, 
— oco6eBH0 BOcnpÍHM^HBOi ropcTO^KH/ — coiuoiorHqecRH onpe;r^HMO 
TOJiBBO Torxa, Borxa oho (sto Kname) npflHO CBasiiBaeTCfl bi noA- 
roTOBRŠ H coBepmeHiH noxo(5HHxi se coóimfi, a ne RaKHX'E 6u 

TO HH 6lLiO HHSXl. 

OeraHOBHMCfl na KOHi^eTHOirB npnuiipi i^&taro pflx& hcto- 
pswcsHxi npoKcmecTBiĚ, soTopiia, HecMOTpfl na cbok) BH^^iMyio 
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XOTE 6Uy nHDíHiifi pacpB^Ti HHmencTByiDiqHx^B opj^eHOB^b H ^ana- 

80* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



464 BMIHHIDl EBPOIOl^ 

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BB XIV b4b*). 

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Digitized by VjOOQIC 



coi^iojiona h hctoph^eoroe nosHABiE. 465 

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npaBi, saflBHJH Ch, ^to Rp^noenoit raerB otb 1723 xo 1885 rr. 
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bíh ýaRTOBi», saHHBHiHXi BHHMaHÍe 60 ece& noAHomfbj — Bce paeHO, 



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JlCfi Vb Bb3«btíh. 



Digitized by VjOOQ IC 



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Digitized by VjOOQIC 



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Digitized by VjOOQIC 



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^aeTH ea. Heofixoxmo BcecToposnee H8CJii»A0BaHÍe oÓCTOATencTB^E^ 
npH KOiopiixi yqpe3KA6HÍe boshhbjo, h ero ^yHBi^ifi sa Bpeiia 
eyo^ecTBOBaHifl; BHane Bok rnán hohutrh 6yffyrB Majio o6ocHOBaHii 
fl ^JMfflTacTHHHii (opHirbpi — CBím^eHBafl pHMCBaa HMoepifl). 



VUL 

no^epKiejťb xeiiepb ochobhhb MuejB, Haifi^eHHUfl wh btoms 
owpsi: 1) EWh Bcbx% qerupexi rpyDH^B coi^a^bHuxi BBJíeHÍfi — 
dBOjnoipa xoBfficTBefiHaro crpoa E9m6ojAe npocra jiflň Hsy^eHifl ci 
HeroxoJiorH^ecBOft to^ikh ap^HÍfl^ ho, bmíctÍ c% t^itb, moa ao- 
BOiBHO saTpyAHHTejikHa no HepaapaCoTaHHOCTH hcto^hhbobi; 2) 
HOiHTHqecBifl y^peJMenifl Tpy^n^ ooMftiOTCfl anajiHBy, h6o ho bc^ 
H ne BO Bdte'B qacTflx^B CBflsaHii npH^raHHOH) cbřzuo cb Haqr^* 
HHMH, Tpe6oBaTejiBBiiMH Hys^aMH coipadibHofi rpynnH (noraasae- 
miMH HS^B HsyqeHÍfl xosflficTBeHnaro 6iiTa ea); 3) nojBTH^ecRÍe 
BaTaKOHSifU; poBOnoiUH H pe^opMH, „grands jours" HCTopÍH — en^e 
TpyAHi^e A^ H3y?eHÍH, h6o npoHCxoAflxi npH HenpeM'lHHOM'B h 
A^T&ibHoifL y^acTÍH ncHXH^ecBHx^B CHJii HCSJíio^flTejBHaro nopflABa 
(repoeFB h hx^b noMon^HHBOBi), A^ficTsifl BOTopuxi, BoaeHHO, en^e 
xpyAHie BsyiaiB, nesejiH nocJi4ACTBÍfl bthxi A*ftCTBÍfl; 4) HaKO- 
HOi^^By H8i BceB necTpoK rpoMa^H coaiajiBHuxi ^aKTOBx BonpocrB 
o coxpaHeHÍH h paspymemH ofin^ecTBennaro CTpoa ota&ibhoS co- 
qiajiBHOfi rpynnu ÓOJBnie Bcero noAAaeTCfl cxporoň h onpeA'^JieH- 
Boft nocTaHOBBŽ, Bcer^a oĎJiernaioiiíefi hohutrh pa3p'inieHÍfl. 

HTaB^B, noBa, npH coBpeifeHHOM^B coctoabíh HaysH HCHxoJorÍH, 

— BOJJreBTHBHOS H HHAHBHAyaJBHOfi, — npHXOAHTCfl OTBasaTBCfl OT'B 

coiúoJorH^ecBaro pascMoipinifl bcIxi npoHRieHÍft coi^iasBHOfi shshh 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



474 BWTHHirb EBPOflU. 

vh ETh nojiHOT^, H otfpaTHTbOi Kb 6ojAe AOCTynHUH^B RaTeropiAMi 
MaTepiuoBi oÓn^ecTBOBŠA^HÍfl. Tojbso MerojiHqecsoe pascMorpime 
pesyjUiTaTOBiy s% soropiiMi npHmjH HBCjixoBareiH HCTopÍH xo- 
SHfiCTBeHHaro crpoa h nojiHTHHecsHxi y^peauemfi^ KOserB a&tb 
o6ii^ecTB0BŠxy Haxesxy Ha o6ocHOBaHÍe xotb saKHxx-HHfiyx^ onpe* 
AijeHHiirB saKOHOFL, xoTfl 6u Aftse dicaHpB^ecsHxi; noTony hto 
HecpaBBeHHO Jier^e opespHTeiBHO OTHOCHTbca b^ aifnHpHiecsHMi 
daBOHaMx, HencejiH bhboahtb hxi^ h ropas^o npo^e BSotipiTaiB 
aÓcrpaBTHHfl ^aHracMaropÍH, Hesera vh canoirB ^íjlI^ noxapHTb 
HayKi TBepxufi h HenpaiosHBfi aCcrpasTBufi sasoHi. %ó x^amn 
TeopeTHBH Blb fojsíb xoTfl (Su PeH8 BopMca? BoBbMyrb hícbojbbo cbí- 

A&HÍft o HŠCSOJEBBHXl AHBapflXl, BUpByTE HÍCBOJBEO TeSHCOKIi HffE 

nonyjflpHOfi ncHXMOPH^ecBOfi bhhskh, nepeiiimaron XOÓUToe h 
BHnycBaiorB B% cbštx bi Ba^ecTBt coiáoiorBTOCsaro OTBpoBeniir. 
^t6 A^aioTE xpyríe oÓn^ecTBOB^xu? BosuiyTi jno6o& ^bstb HCTCh 
pin (nona^eTCfl rycraBi-ÁAO^i — ÓepyrB FycTaBa-AxojBýa, no- 
nafleica jI^aeTe — fiepyra ]ífi,ETe) h „noíBOwrB" no;rB nero dBOHO- 
MHHecBÍĚ <j[»yHAaMeHrb, ee yTpysx&fl ce6ň Aa»e nepeiciHOH) npH- 
BH^HoS TepMHHOjorÍH. Y ai^TeBOB^b MOserB OBasaTbCfl ea JiEUfl 
({ypsyadífl, bi IIlBeiuH XVII B%Ba — ^yrs ne BanHTajiHCTH^ecBafl 
noroHfl sa piiHRaiiH, h Bce ycxpoHBaeTCfl diarooCpasHO. ?t6, sa- 
KOEeu:h, jíjbjííJOTb, 6tiTB uomeThj h Ao6pocoBÍeTHiie HSCiiAOBaTara, 
HO OAepsHirae sejiaHÍeirB, ne hmía ýasTOBi, nocTiqb HCTopH^e- 
CBÍfl tŠíSeu „KyjibTypHHiťB" neTOxoMx? Eepyn xpiCTiaHCTBO k 
oÓrBflCHfliorB ero t^ice^ ^to eiy^MCfl „nepeioifB^; 6biio fiSHqe- 
CTBO, ciyujicfl „nepejiOMi", — h abhjocb xpecrlaHCTBO... „Cioaa, 
CJOBa, oiOBa"... dro crapoe BOCUHi^me cJHmBoiťs nacio npEXO- 

AHTCfl ipíTHpOBaTB npV TTemH HHOraXl H MHOrHXl HOBHHOKl CO- 

ipojtorB^ecKofi h HcropHqecBofi JHTepaTypu... 

Ebt. Tapje. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA nojinyxH 



nOB-ROTB. 



I. 

6exop'B HHBOjaesHqi MypoMcsifl marb no OAHOtt h3% or^aieH- 
ESix^ yjain,% ropová, noHypa raiOBy; 6ujrh Benepeifi qaci tocbjh- 
Baro GŠBepearo aha; ynujo mjH no TpoxyapaKi pŠARÍe npoxosie; 
eiofi yHuiše usesHCB no rpasnoiiy MOBpoHy CH'lry HSBoaqH^H 
canKH H ne^aiBHo-TycKso iinrajH anejiTHiťB aianeueicB (jKmapH, 
BaKTB 6yAT0 H OHH 61UIH 6ojíhWEL jraxopaARofl btoíl eBsepnofi, rnn- 

JIOĚ 3HMU. 

MypoMCKÍfi 6ujph wb TaROMi HacrpoenÍH, sor^a nejiOB^y na^n- 
Haen RasaTibCA, hto bco npomjoe fiiuo apaHMi, spacnBEiirL chom!b, 
xoTfl 611 B^E 8T0M^ nponuEoaťB Óujio 6ojihme ropecTefi h nenaiefi^ 
H^i> paxocrefi, a 6yAyn^ee npexcrasjaeTCfl Ten hhmi h MpanHiím, 
xaHHCTBenHmrB n cxpamnuMi. 

n eMy BcnoMHHJHCb ciOBa ^OrBpOBenifl"*' „ohh niťliarB BJiacTb 
saTBopHTB He6o, HTotfH HO meii AoaMB na senjno... h hmííotl 
BiacTL na^i Boxann, npespan^aiB hx% b% Bprab h nopaauiTB seujoo 

BCflBOH) fl3B0H)y BOr^a TOJÍBSO saxoTfln"... 

dra Mucjiby MejiBBHyBmafl BxpyrB, ocTaBHia cípannufi cjiijiib 
Bi Xymš MypOMCBaro: OMy noBasajocb^ hto ^ScTBHTejiBHo bto-to 
saTBopHJTb na^x dTHMi ropoAOMi cipoe neóo h naBcer^a CBpiu^ 
OT!L xfOffiŘ cojiHite; OMy noBasajoíocs, hto JiK)AHy BOTopiixi ohi 
BCTp'69&rb, 6ujai A^íCTBHxejbHO nopaacenu bsboio, cípamnoiD asboh) 
AymeBnaro sekyra, BOTopufl xeMHOTB hxi pascy^OR^, xoioxHrB hxx 
cepwe; boto yace e'Icboj[bbo Anefi^ RaRi ohtb Bepny^cfl „bi ce6'l'', 
„Ha poAHHy^, Tyxa, Tjtib y eero ne ocrajiocB hh eAHHofi CjhsboS 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



476 BfiCTHHKl EBPOIIH, 

Aymii, HH eAHHaro Apyra; h uicROJihKo pas^b vh Teieaie btetl 
AHefi eMy BcnoMHHa.iHCB esoBa hsi tofo se ^OrBpoBeBÍfl": »HyBH- 
A^i fl HOBoe He6o h HOByH) seiuio, h6o npeseee neóo h npes- 
HAfl seiíjfl MHHOBajH H Mopfl ys^e h'Itx''. 

n dTO HOBoe He6o, h 9Ta HOBafl seMjfl^ h dTH HOBHe jaoMfi 
6uJiE eny npoTHBHu; ohi p'lniHTejiBHO pasywjicfl noHHMaTB Hrs; 

OHI BHA'6jI'B^ ?T0 OHH „XOXBVb BO TLM*!^, paSyHOIHCB OTJffl^aTb 
HCTHHy OT'b JISH; HTO OHH FOBOpATb RaRHMH-TO CHMBOiaMH; ^TO 

cjiOBa Hxi ne Bupasaiorb hxx Mucieil h noHATHii hmi oahhmi, 
Basi híhto ycjiOBHoe, no BsaHMHOMy eorjrameHÍH) ycraHORieHHoe; 

qTO SH3HE HXl HHSMeHHa, DOTOMy HTO OHH ^yMaiOTB O SHSHH, H 
HHKTO Hdl HHXl fle XO^erB AyMaTL o CMepXH, KOTOpOtt OHH 60flTCfl 

6ojrBme shshh, h soTopafl ecTB H3(5aBJQ[eHÍe h exHHCTBeHHoe peaiB- 
Hoe cqacTBe. H jsíbjíh hxi eny noxasajHCB hhttoshhmh h xajosmme^ 

H CMimHUMH no TOB CepbeSHOCTH, CB SOTOpOH) OHH ;(^aiHCB, H 

no TOMy sHaqeHÍK), KOTopoe hmi npHAaBajiocB. 

A Mopfl, Toro rojyóoro TanncTBenHaro Mopfl, ctojbro nirh 
.lacRaBnraro ero Bsopi, jiibŘcmETejihRO híti: oho ocrajocB au^ko 
nosaAH H npeBpaTHJocB bi oahhi h8'b ajieiieHTOBi spacHBaro cna 
npomjaro. Bm*cto JiadypHOfi cthxíh — cipafl „TBep^B**; Biribcro 
jacBOBaro SBysa npnCofl — eBpHni noJOSBeFB o ÓyiHSHyH) mocto- 
ByH), H BMŠCTO HsyMpyAHofi sejeHH 6iiaroAaTHaro K>ra — oauHdJuifl, 
o6HaxeHH£ifl A^pesBa OAHoro h3i> ropoACKHXi CBBepoB'B. 

H Bi coTBiB pas^B 3a 9TH H'lcB0Jn»B0 XHefi OH*E cnpocHJi ce6fl: 
sa^iiTB OHI npiixaj^B? 

Ho OTB']&THTB Ha 9T0TB HpocTofi H ecxecTBeHHui Boopoci eMy 
TaK'B AO CHX^B nopi H ne yAajocB. B% Aynii meBe^RJiHCB pasHim 

MHCIH-— OTpUBKH „ OTBpOBeHÍH "" ^ KOTOpOe OTh Vh MOJO^OCTH TH^a- 

xaiBHo HsyqajiX) AoriiaTii, Koropne oh-b cos^aBajii h cnrai^ spy- 
HHHKaMH, axoMaMH OAHOň BejTHKoS, eo^e He nosHannofi Hcthhh, 
sa ?TĎ owh nocxpaxajii, h sai^Mx bch axa AO^rafl, AOJrafl jtHSHB 
HSTHaHifl cpeAH qyasHx-B Jiio^efi hhofo CBJraxa Muciefi, wh qysofi 
cxpan*!, r^í ero Bsop^B jiacKajiH „HHue óepera, hhiia boibh". 

n BOrB OHX OnflXB XaMX, VJlib pOAHJCfl, TAŽ npOBeJTB CBOH) 

MOJOAOCXB, vji^ MuciB ero nojyqH.ia nepBiifi xojiqoBB) saBeAmifi 
ero xaBi Aajeso... Ohi Bepnyjicfl caifB, aoÓpobojebho. Sa^j^iTB? 
Sa^Mx? 

Ho Bce 6ujio Bpyroifi „nenajiBHO h yniLio^ Basi ÓyAxo nacTy- 
na^i ABHB cxpamHaro cyAa". H uh bx ce6^ caMOM'B, bh Bwb ce6fl 
oh'b He naxoAHJii oxBŽxa na axorB Mynnsmifi ero Bonpocx. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA nojayTH. 477 



n. 



J(oiia 6ujio HeyioTHo; Bor^a HypoMCsifi Bomeji bi CBofi Ma- 

JieHbSifi Ra6HHeTHBl, BUXOAHBmiň OKHaMH BO ABOpX, — BtlCOBOfi xeji' 

TOfi ctíhu, BucHBmeficfl nepejCB npaBUMi okhom'b, ne 6uso bhaho; 
KaaajiocB, qxo sa hhmi 6e3AHa — cipan Mrja cspuBaia sbísau, 
o5usHOBeHHO BHAH'6BiniflCfl Ha BJio?R'6 Hefía^ noBpuBaBmaro ^BOpi. 
Bi BOMHaTi 6ujio xojiOAHo; MypoMCBÍfi, npHBUBmiň b^ xenjuoMy 
BJiHMary, 6uji> o^eub HyBCTBHxaseHi jí% xojioAy; ho ne?eS owh ne 

JíK>6bJ11> TOHHTB, OTBtlBHyBl OTL HHXl, H n03T0My OHTb OíCHb pa^^B 

óujny Bor^a HamejTb BBapTHpBy cb BaMHHOiCB bi Ba6HHer£; oh'b 
jh>6hji Beceauft ofohb BaMHna^ BOTopiifi upíi^MBjii> ctojbbo yioTa 
ero Mpa^ffloil, rbcHOBaioB BOMHaxBi: eny BcaoMHHajacB ero sh3hb 
Ha qyx^HHŠ, ROpoTBÍfl Tenjufl shmu, Bor^a bhojírí XocxaTO^HO 
BaTonHTB BaiiHHi, qTo6H corp^TBCfl H bm^ctí cb t^mx ne ^^maiB 

AymHBUil B03AyX0M'B HaTOOJieHHOfi BOMHaTU. 

Jl^poBa saTpen^aJH; orHeHHBie asbibh jHsajiH GepesoBUfl noj-i^HBfl; 
Hxx 6&iafl Bopa BopnnjiacB 6yAT0 otb 6ojih... 

MypoMCBÍfi yc&icfl nepeA'B orneifB, bi BucosoifB B0ď:aH03rB 
Bpecs'6. n HeMeAJreHHO totb se HasoKjHBufi Bonpoci BCiajii nepeA^B 
HHiťB: da^ÍM'B OHI BepHyjicfl? 

HěxoTfl noAHflJca ohi cx Bpeoia, no^omesi bx CTOjy) noma- 
pHJii CHHHBH, saserB BiicoByK) jaMHy noA% hihpobhm^b sejieHuifB 
BOJinaBOiTB h BUABH^yJI'B fln;uB'B. Ohi ^ocxa^^B jihctob^b ho^toboS 
ÓyiiarH, neiBO HcnHcaHHutt nepoBnuMi seHCBHMi* no^epsom. Cep^qe 
ero xpeBoasHO saCHJOCB; CMyxHoe, cxpaHHoe qyBCXBo OBJiaA'ÍJíO hmi; 
HyBCXBO, Boxopoe oh'b HHBaB% ne mopb npoauajHsnpoBaxB, — ohx, 
npHBUBmifi Kh anajHsy. H BasA^fi pa3'B, BorAa ero pyBa Baca;iacB 
axoro JíHcxBa, oh'b on^yn^aji xo se caMoe^ — a b^a^ iihcbmo dxo 
OH^B qnxajx A6CHXBH pa3i> co speMenn CBoero BOSBpau^eHÍfl. 

Ohi npHABHHyjii Bpecjio bx cxojy xaBx, qxo6u cbíxx jaMHH 
naAajťB na hhcbmo, h npHHJiJiCfl bhobb nepe^HXEiBaxB ero; owh 
9ndun> 9X0 hhcbmo oo^xh HaH3ycxB; ho BasA^fi P&bi ohi oxBpu- 

BaJI'B Wh HeMl qX0-HH6yAB HOBOe; no 3XHMI npOCXHMl H HaHBHUMX 

cjOBaiíi OHI cxapajicfl pa3raAaxB Aymy imcaBniaro axo hhcbmo 
HejOBÍBa, a no nonepBy — ero xapaBxepx. H BaaíAHft pasi ohi 
onycBaJix pyBH b% hojihomi 6escnJim npoH3HecxH BaBoň-HHfíyAB 
nparoBopi. 

„Jíoporofi nana, — Mxajii ohi, — bh yAHBHxecB, boho^ho, BorAa 
6yAexe qaxaxB 9xo hhcbmo: HHmexx ao^b, Boxopoft bu He 3Haexe, 
vh 0T^y, Boxoparo ona ne SHaexx. Moaexx Cbixb, bki h ne xoxaxe 

Towh y.— Okmbpb, 1902. SI'* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



478 raCTHHB^ EBPOnH. 

BHaib MeHfl. & He xo^y bemi BaBflsuBaTbCfl; ecju a pimHjacb 
HanHcaTb saMi, to toibro noTOMy, ?to shshb a^h Měna craja ee- 
BUHOCHMa. Ho 3T0 BacB HH Kb qevy ne o6ji3UBaeirB: bii MoaseTe 

UBÍ He OTB^THTb. Bl AOMt MOOS TeTRH, BOTOpafl MeHfl BOCHRTaja 
H BQpOCTHJia, fl OpHBUBJía CJIHmaTb, HTO MOfi 0X61^1 — BeiHRÍB He- 

pacBaflHHBifi rp'£inHHB'B; qxo fl ^ojsna naBcer^a sadurs, qro y mchh 
ecTb OTeiíx; hto btot-b oxei^t hsmíhhjii CBoeft Bipt h nockňjrh 
CMyry b^b cepAi^ax^B jrK);(efi. ň csHJiacb cb axofi mucjibh), ho e 
Bce-xasH He snaH), bx qeMx sasjío^aeTCH Bame npecxynjeHÍe? H 
HecMOxpa HH na hxo, KaKoe-xo Aofipoe qyBcxBO, BHymeBHoe mh4 
rocnoAOiTB, roBopHxi mhí, hxo jiioah Moryxx oraHÓaxECfl, hxo ;^'6xh 
AOJiasHu noHHxaxb cbohx^b po;^HTejefi h ne Moryxi 6utb cyjtsflMH 
HXi. fl HyBCXByK) eme, qxo jik)6jiio BacB, ne 3Hafl Bacx; fl qyBcxByH), 
HTO Bu MH*! ^^opoFH, HecMOxpfl HH Ha ^xo. fl SHBy B^B ;^yniHoft 

XeMHHI^i H HXO-XO, HOFO fl He SHaK), HO ?x5 BCeJIHJíOCb Bl MeHfl 

Cb HeflaBHflro speMenn, xojKaexi Měna na bojk), bi Mip-b, bi xot^ 
MÍpx, Koxopuň, no CJOBaMi xexH, hojiohi cof>Jia3HOBx, JiHH H rpixa. 
IIpaB^a JIH 9X0? y MeHfl ecxb no^pyra, Boxopaa roBopnrb, hxo 
9X0 — HenpaBAa. Texa onenb jhoóhxi Bóra h mhofo MOJHxca eMy; 
ona H Měna nay^Hja jhoÓutl ero h MOJHXbca eMy; ho Basi se 
ona sanpen^aerb mh*]^ roBopnxb o Bacb h ynoMHnaxb HMa Moeft 
Maxepa? Ona roBopHxi, qxo h Maxb Moa (napcxBO eň netíecHoe!) — 
Toxe BejiHKaa rp-ImHHi^a. fl ne 3HaK), ?xó ona CA^wiajía, ho snaro, 
Hxo híxx fiójbniaro rpixa, Kasi npesnpaxb cbohxi po^íHxejieft. 
B'Iab CBasano — npo^axb sparaMi cbohm'b h JtioÓHXb nenaBHAfln^Hxx 
Hacb; xaKi KáKi ae mh* ho JiioCHXb cbohxt> po;íHxejiefl, xoxa 6u 
a vLTh H ne seajia? Borb EaMenb na Moeň Aym^. OxB^xbxe mhí, 
nTOÚu a snajia, bi není Bami rp']kx'b, h Morja BUMOjraxb y Bóra 
npon^eHbe ero; ao chxi* nopx a MOJina^a, ho 6ojbme xaBi maxb 
ne Mory. IIpocxHxe, ecjiH ofiesnoROio Bacb sxhmi nacbMOM^b, h ne 
cepAHxecb na jiioCamyH) Bacx floqb — Mapiio. 



m. 

Okoh^hbx ^xenie nncbMa, MypoMCKÍft saj^yMa^ica. 
' Boxx, Kasaaocb 6h, oxBŠrb na Bonpoci, sa^iMi ohi npiixajrb. 
Ho bmícxí Cb rbiáb ohx qyBCXBOBaji, hxo ne 9xo nncbMO no6y- 
;i;hjo ero Bepnyxbca. Bx caMOM-b aíji% ohi coBepmeHHO ne snajrb 
CBoeS AonepH; nocji* ea poat;íeHÍa ne npomjio h no^yro^a, KaK^ 
atena ocxaBHJia ero h peóenKa, a ohx ^ojimeub Chjii ópocHxb 
CJiyatóy h yšxaxb. H box%, nponuro ^Bawaxb jrixx, aohb ero ca*- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA nojrnyTH. 479 

jasacB B3pocjiofi A^BymnoS h xenepb nEmevb eny. IIhcbmo efl 

HaHBHO; TpOHyTBCH HM% OH'B He VOPb. JIlOÓHTb 66, RaK'& CB06rO 
p666HBa, rhWb HHCTHHKTHBHUMl, „CaMO^BUMl" pOJSJBUeJTbCKEWh <iyB- 
CTBOITB, BOTOpiIM'L TERl ÓUBSklOTh 6oraTU MHOrífl SeHII^HHH, OHI 

Toae ne Mora. íyBCTBa AOJira no OTHomeHÍro ki „CBOony peťíeHBy*' 
OHI H6 npHSHaBaj^B, BaR^b BOo6ii^6 H6 npHSBaBaji qyBCTBa BaBoro-TO 
cnei^iajíBHaro AOJra si ceMh% kb o(5ii;6CTBy, bi po;^HH^. On^b iipn- 
3HaBajrB sek TaBÍa qyBCTBa joshumh, HaTflHyTUMH, BupaóOTaHHUMH 
TpaABi^iflMH, saKopen&niHH np6Apa8cyjiBaMH h HSBi^CTHaro pow 
rneroiTB, ocHOBaaHHMi na cym6CTByH)níHX'b bi ofimocTB* h rocy- 
;(apcTBÍ saROHax^b. 

H rbuTy He ¥68*66, Ror^a ohx nojy^HJiii 3to nHCbMO, tto-to 
XBHHyjocb Bi 6ro Aym% h qep63i> h6a^h) nocji dxoro ohi caMHiťb 
piniHTejbHiiiťB ofipasoMi coópaicfl h rpOByjca B'b nvTb. 

CoCTOflHÍe, B^b BOTOpOMIi OH-B HaXOAHJICfl, 61IJIO C0B6pm6HH0 Jl^K 
HerO HOBHM^B. ]ífi CHXl HOpi, OROJIO ^Ba^I^aTH jAvh^ OHI SHJIX 

hcrjho^htojbho shshbk) pascy^Ra. Ob rkx^ nopi RaRi 6ro e;^HH- 
CTBennaa MO^ío^aa npHBflsanHOCTB noTopn-kia ofíH^nyio H6y;íaqy, 

OHX H6 JIOÓHJI-B HHROrO. H JífiJRe 9T0 HO^aJIBHOe 06CT0flT6JrBCTB0 

cocayjRBJO 6My ni^ROTopyio cjyaBLÓy: oho ^ajio nopBEitt C6pB68Hiift 
TOJ^OBi 6ro mhcjth: ae cjitiyerB jih)6htb onpojijieHHaro HejOB^Ba, 
saB^B HHABBH;^yyMa, a nysno jiio5htb qej[0B^H6CTB0 BaB'B ha6K>, a6- 

CTpaBUilO. JfOAOiCHO JIH)6hTB q6JI0B%q6CTB0 H M009CHO HOHaBHA^TB 
H6JI0BÍBa. nOTOMl OH'B BH^OHSMÍHHJII 9Ty T60pÍK), BHOCB Vh H6e 
BÍCBOJIBBO OTT^HBOBl, HO B^B OÓiaOlfB HA6fl OCXajaCB Ta S6. 

H BC6-TaEH OHX OTBJHBHyJCfl Ha 80BI CBOOft H6BÍfeA0M0ft ^0- 
^6pH H BM^CTO HHCBMOHHarO OTB^Ta HBHJICfl CaifB. 

Ho OH^B BC6 6n^e H6 VíJíň^Th p'6niHM0CTH nOSnaBOMHTBCfl CB 

jíoqepBK); Ero saHHMaorB 9to HeonpeA^JiOHHOo noj02E6HÍ6. íacio 

HO HOqaifB OH^B np6ACTaBJIfl6T'B 66 C66t Bl TOMl HJH HH0M'B BRA'6: 

TO ona BaKOTCfl 6My noxoateň na MaTB, h 6ro o^íOJi^BaeTB jk)6o- 

HHTCTBO BSrJIJIHyTB Ha B66 H BHOBB HpHHOMHHTB T^ MOJIO^HS ?yB- 

CTBa, BOTOpHfl 6ro Bor;ía-TO BOJHOBajH; to ona 6My Raa6TCff hh- 
qxosHofi, oyneHBRoit a^bohroK, sapasEienHOfi pojihtíoshiihh npoji- 
pa3cy;^RaMH, ROTopH6 6My xaR-B h6 no j^ynri; to ony Raa6TCfl, tto 
ona np6ACTaBJifl6rB hs^b C66fl tabula rasa, na ROTOpofi mosbo 6y- 
A6rB HaH6pTaTB ^TÓ yroAHo. IIocjiijíHflfl mhcjtb naHÓOJrto yjH6a6TCfl 
6My; OHI Bcer^a jik)6hjii OTHCRHBaTB uorn^uK syniH, HOHcnopien- 

HUfl 0B0H^aT6JrBB0 „JIO^HBIMh" yq6HÍflMH CB'lTa; H ^^bjaTB H3'B HHX'B 

a^enTOBi cbohx% (J)hjioco$cbhx'b Teopift. Ho 3to 6hjh jinniB pa3- 

CyXOHHUfl pa3MliniJ[6HÍH, H HHBOFAa C6p;^Il6 H6 TOBOpHJIO B^B HeMB; 

31* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



480 BftCTHHBl EBPOjni. 

Tenepb srb ohx qyBCTBOBajTL CTpaHHoe on^ym^eHÍe ^ero-TO ;^bho 
HeHSB^AftHHaro, noBaro, bi BucnieK cieaeHH npiflTHaro. 

Kto-to nosBOHHJíi. Ohi nomaii OTBopaib h bi naiyreMHOft 
KOMHaii He MOFB pascMOTp^Tb BomeAmaro. Toilso Kor;ia rocrb 
nepecrynHJii* noporb BaÓHHexa^ MypoifCBiĚ pa3rjflA'|jrB ero. 3to 
ÓBLii xy^eHERÍfi ^eJlOB%^eKh^ AOCTaio^eo yse nosHaofi, eseííHHyTHO 
BSAparHBaBmift, Kasi 6ii otx xaio^a, h SsHBinificfl oii BHyTpeHHefi 
AposH. Ohi Mo^na Bomai^, MOjqa ycLica bi specjio y KaMHHa h 

HpOHHI^aTaiBHO nOCMOTp'&I'B Ha X03flHHa. Cl T^X^ nOp'b JSSOPB OWh 

Bomejx, OB^B emfi ne CBasajii hh cjiona. H leneps, cocpeAOTo^eHHO 

H BHHMaTe^BHO Ofl^fl Ha OrOHB; OHI MOiqajii. 

MypoMCEiň Tose HH^ero ne roBopHJťB, pasrjiflAiiBafl CBoera 
CTpaHHaro rocTa. 

— KypHTB MOKHO? — THXHMX, CAe^XiSLEEUWh TOJOCOM^B CHpOCHJTB 

BomeAmiK. 

— KypHxe. 

FocTB AOCxajťB naoHpocy h sasypHjrB. 

— SI — CHTHHKOBt, AjieKCifi JlbBOBHHl^ — vbwh SJQ rOJOCOM^ 
npOHBHeCB OBI. 

— A-aJ.. — Heonpe^ijieHHO OTosBajca MypoMCBift. 

— ď— 6parB Bamefi nosoňnofi sohh; ahah Bamett AonepH 
MapycH. Bi mojoaocth mu BCTp^qaiHCB; ho a chjebho nocTapiji, — 
BOT^B noneiiy bu mchh ne yssajH. 

— A BH xopomo SHaexe moh) aohb? — capocaai MypoMCRÍfi, 

— Xopomo. CBixjafl Ayraa, — pasAyMHHBo oxbíxhjii Chxhhbobi, 
npoAOJisafl TJiňjsíbTh bi orons. 

Ohx saMOJinaji^B. Mojiqajix h MypoMCBÍS, sa^aBan ce6š BonpocB^ 
3a?'lM'B co6cxBeHHO flBMjicfl Rx HeMy 6paxi ero noBoňHOfi sohh. 
Owh npHAyMUBajx, ch hbvo 6u na^axb HeBasaBrniĚca pasroBopi^ 
BaKi BApyrb rocxb, KaB-b 6u ch ycHjiieMi oxopBaBniHCb orb cosep- 
i^anÍH BaiiHHHaro njaMeHH, BsrjiBHyji na nero b^b ynop^b npes- 

HHITb npOHHIJiaxeJIbHUM^ BSrJBAOATB H SHaqHXeJIbHUM^, BAOXHOBen- 

MHíWb xoHOMi* nporoBopHJx: 

— Fope xoMy, kxo cofíjasHHxi' CAHHaro oxx juajiuxx chxxL. 
Ohi xoxšji emfi hxo-xo opHÓaBHXb, ho, oqeBHAHO, ho moitb 

npHHOMHHXb H Hoxepi* JÍ06% pyBOK). 
MypoMCBifi uocwbmEjTb noMo^b eMy: 

— ToMy jyqrae Óbijo 6h, gcjih 6u hobíchjh eny aepHOBi Meib- 
HH^Huň na meio h noxonHJiH ero bo rjiy6HHÍ MopcRoň, — AoroBO- 

pHJťb OB^b H yCMŠXHyJCH. 

— TaKx! — saKJiiOTOJii Chxhhbobi h CHOBa saMOJiKx. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA nojnrrH. 481 

Ilocjrb ;i[OBOJBHO npoAOJisHTejkHaro MOjmH,BÍAj Chthhbobs no;^- 
EBJtb roioBy H cBasajii: 

— 9ECJIH ETO csaserB cjobo Ha CnHa íeJOBšqecKaro, npocTHrcfl 
ejiy: ecjiE ae kto csasen na ^yxa cbatopo, He npocTHxca 
eny", 

— „Hh bx ceMx b4kí, hh bx 6yíymeMx", — íokohtojtb My- 

pOMCRÍft. 

— TaKi! — OAo6pHTe;isHO MBHyjix rojoBoft rocTb. 

— Bh qTO ae aro Bce hsx CBflmeHHaro nHcamfl? — ne y^ep-' 
aeajicfl MjpoMCRift, ho OTB^a ne nojiyqifjx. 

Chthhkobx BaRx 6yAT0 iie cjiuxasi ero h CHOsa pasrjiflAu- 
BajťE ci yAHBHxejibHuifE cnoBoHcTBÍeMi oPHeHBue hsubh, .iH3aBmie 
ApOBa. 

„CxpaHHHň rocTb!* — paacyaAaJix npo ceóa MypOMCKift, npe- 
BflBniHCB xoAHTb 00 BaĎHHery h pascMaipHBafl MajreHERaro, cyxoro 
^ejioBÍHKa, He nepecTaBaBmaro BSjíparHBaTs. 

— BacB npHCJiajia EBJíaMnifl •IbBOBHa? — ohatb cnpocHJi My- 
poHcsifi, BOToparo na^BHajo TflroxHTb axo iiOJiHaHie. 

Ho Chxhhkobt> h ua axo HHqero ne oxbíxhj-b. 
,Hy TTO-ax, fiyABMx MOJiqaxB*, — nojtyMaJix MypoMCBÍfi, npo- 
^(OisaH CBOK) nporyjiRy no rfecHoB ROMHaxst. 

— ^xaji^bBamy RHary: „ticTHHHafl paiMria*', — B^pyrb saaBaax 
rocxb: — coAepffianié ea spe^OHOCHO h nary^HO. 

— Ona 3anpemeHa, — noaaB-b njieqaMH, CRasajrb MypoMCRift. 

— Snaio. H Bce-xaRH co^JiasHHJicfl. C^b bojihbhmx xpy^OMib 
Aocxajirb ee. Bsajrb rpíxx na jyniy. A no npo^xeHÍH, cb oxmíi- 
RaMH Ha nojiaxi, cnpflxa^irb na caMoe aho cyHj^yaa. 

— Aymne 6ujio 6u caeqb, — nomyxHJTb MypOMCRÍfi. 
Onaxb BOABopHJOcb noji^aHÍe. 

— A jiofionuxHO Chjío 6h bh^^xb bxh oxmíxrh, — nporoBO- 

PHJII MypOMCRÍfi, rpOMRO BEICRaSblBafl CBOK) liUCJIb. 

Chxhhrobí BApyrb oxo^BHHyjix Rpecio orb RaMHHa, Cpocairb 
Fb Hero naoHpocy h saroBopHJii, ri y;^HBJieHÍH) MypOMCRaro, ojtaBHO 

H OXieXJHBO. 

— Hajío BtpHXb xaax, RaRX yqHxi> pciHria. Jífii XHcaiH Ji4xi> 
HoqxH npomjio co jiflti Poa^xecTBa Xpncxoaa. VI hhrxo en^e ne 
CRasaji caoBa hcxhhhíc xoro, ixo CRasajL CnacHxejb. Mnoro 
HHcajH H cyecjiOBHjH, HO HBRaRofi HcxHHbi He npoBOSFjacHJiR. Do 
rpibnraoiiy juoSonuxcxBy CBoeny osnaROiuiHJiCfl h a cb dXHMH Jtse- 
yqeHÍaMH. Ho xjTh comh^hía ne ROCHyjica Měna. Ha^o BipHXb h 
Hajio MOjraTbca, hxo(Jh Borb Aajrb BÍpy. HejbBa oxpni^axb xoro, bo 
TOo ab4 xbicaHH jrfexx wbpBVb qejiOBÍnecxBO. A bh namexe: j^nymno, 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



482 momsKT^ rbpoiui. 

^^o6u BayEa onepasacb na pejHiÍK), a pejHría onHpaxacB na 
' BayRy; 8Ta ABofiBafl sbojiioi^h npBBejia 6u bi npBHBpeBÍK) Mes^y 
o6Íbmb — B Tor^ia BoscÍBJía 6u HcxBBa''. Ob nepsum eorjraceBi, 
BTopoe OTpBAaio. PeiiBrifl ae Mosert onBpaTbca aa aayBy, soTopas 
no CBoefi 6jfl3opyBOCTB b BecoBepmeacTBy ae npBSBaeri hb qy- 
AecB, BB Bcero TaB'B Basusaeiiaro „cBepx^ecTecTBeBBaro". Ho tbitb, 
Tfli BOBqaeTCfl BOCTBraeMoe, flaqBBaexcfl bmcabo Benocraraeiioe, 
CBepxiecxecTBeBBoe... Fník pa3yM'B ÓescBJíeBi, xaici s^pa BcecBJíbHa. 
9to Boxa fl oroBB — Ksib BpasAe6fl£ifl ctbxíb, a bu xoTBxe hX'b 
BpBMflpflTb. n MBoroe Apyroe, ctosb se, eai&ejifl emfi bb 6oiBme 
BeocBOBaTaiBBoe. . . 

— Bu, BBAHMO, xopofflo npoBiTyABpoBaJB MOK) BBBry, — sani- 

lEJUh MypOMCKÍfi, flO B Ba dTB CJOBa rocTB Be oCpaxBJíi BBBaEOrO 
BBBMaflifl. 

— SI BB SBaio, Bi není bh Meafl coÓcxBeBBO ynpeBaeTe? — 
Haqajix MypoMCBÍfi, Boxoparo coCeciAHBBx o^esB saHBxepecoBan 
H Boxopufi AaBBO yse ae Bejrh xaBBX'B cnopoB^B. — A sa^ero b& 
nponoB'lA06aji'B npeAOcyABxasBBaro wb MoeK KflBr&, BanpoxBB!B,— to, 
qxó fl BanBcajx, bbcbojibeo ae opoxBBop^qBxi cy^ecTByion^eiiy 
yqeaiio. Boxx, ^To6h^ Bani aanoMBBXB, Moe ocaOBBoe nojoseale: 
MÍpB A^bJBxcfl Ba no3BaBaeMoe, bjb BceieaByio, b aa aenosaaBaeMoe, 
Biifl nepBOBCxoqBBBi CEJiUy yopaBSfliOB^eň BcejeaBOio. 3xa cajta — 
EosecTBO. IIosBaBaeMoe, b^b cosAaaaoe, saBjíioqaexB bb ce6^ xpa 
dJieMeaxa: aeniiecxBO, pa3yM'B a Ayxi; xasi* Basi nosaasaeMoe ecxB 
peayjBxarB xBopqecBOfi pa6oxu EosecxBa, xo Jora^ecBa cjA^f^vh 
sasjíioqflXB, HTO a BosecxBO saBJíioqaexB bb ce6% dxa xpa aie- 
Meaxa bb BHcmefi BOMCasai^iH, bb coBepnieBaMmeM'B eABseala... 

TaBB Kas^B OBi> onflXB aaqero se ycjiuaiajiB b'b otbšxb, xo 
npoAOJauuB: 

— S. HBxajiB Jiesiúa bb AyxoBaofi aRa^eMia a roxoBBJCa b^b AyzoB- 
aoiiy caay. nparoxoBJrflflCB b'b JieEiuflMB, a Ao6pocoB']^cxao Bsyqan 
Bce, qx5 BB BfliťB oxaocBJtocb, B MBJío-ao-Majy yBjeBCfl AorMaxaqecBBifB 
CorocsOBÍeiiB a acxopieň i^epKBa. Si 6bub cxpacxaBiMB, yC^^eaHuiťB 
xpacxiaaaaoMB. A bmb a ocxbjicb. Tojibbo asM-laB-ica yrojiB spiaia 
a aepeB'laajiocB ocB'la](eBÍe. S. BsrjiflByjiB aa yqeaie Xpacxa bbbb 
aa npono6']&AB aoaaro, BBicaiaro sasaenoaaMaaifl, a oxaeprB Bce 
MBCTBqecBoe, Bce BaBflsaaaoe, ace jiosbo acxo4BOBaaaoe. CboÓoaboo 
OTBomeaie bb xojiBOBaaiio cjiobb nacaaifl y aacB aasBLBaexcfl 
epecLK), a box-b Majo-no-Ma^y, ao^xa aesanixBO wa cefia, a ca*- 
jiajica epexBBOMx. Ha^ajiBCXBo caa^aja ae noBBMajio mobxb jicei^K, 
aa BOxopuxB a bb o^obb cepobbbixb pasMŠpaxB aosBO^a^iB ceúí 
xaEoe oxBomeBÍe bb ape^Mexy apenoAaBaaia, a xoia CMyxao xpe- 



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HA noanyTH. 483 

BOSHJiocb, HO Tepn'6jto; Bor^a se b npexcTaBHjii fb ^ysoBnyio 
iieHsypy CBoe coHHHenie jíab. nojv^eHÍfl pasp^menÍH nane^aTaTB 
ero, — i^eHsopx-apxHMaHAPHTTb nppmejix bx ymacB; OHt npHSBaii 
MeHfl, ytíixA&si, npocHJx, ycoB^n^HBajrs. A CTOSJVh Ha CBoeM'B. 
EsHry MOK) sanperHjH; npeooAaBanie othajh; o AyxoBHOMt can^ 
He^ero 6bijio h AynaTb. Tyit cjyqajiocB h Apyroe Hec^acTte... 
EBrenúi JIssoBHa ymjia otb iieHA, noRHHyB^B na mohxx pynaxi 
A09B... Mhí HH^ero He ocTaBajocb A^jaxB, mki yixaTB, noTOMy 

HTO HHHTO HH npHBfl3lIBa^0 MeHfl K^ f0JíjaBÍ; BCi CBflSH 6UJIH 00- 

psaHu; xa cpe^^a, bi KOTopoft fl acajii^ OTBeprja M.eHfl, h mhš 

CTaJH HeBHHOCHMU dTH BtVHUe CHOpKI HpH KaHl^Ofi BCTp'!^']^ O 
MOHXl 9 8a6jiy2EAeHÍflX'B'* H 3TH B-^^HEie npH3£IBU Jí% nOBaSHÍK) CO 

CTopoHu JiioAefl, KOTopHXi fl HCEpeHHO H Topflqo c^HTaJi saílay^- 

mHMHCfli BaBX B'B CBOH) O^epej^b H OHH MeHfl. Rl TOMy SSiBy fl 6wvh 

crpacTHO yBjeqenx CBoefi njifieŘj h hhš Heo6xoAHMO Ssuo BucRa- 
saxbCfl nyéjiHqHO, a 9to mosho ^ujio c;^'bjiaTL jiHms Hane^aiaFL 
BHHry sa rpaHai^efl. H botx a ciajix „Haroent", „peneraTOM-b", 
„ hsmíhhhkomi " , „ epeTHKOMt " . nepeMina yÓíaMeflifl, AjcecM 
JIi>BOBHq'b, Tflaejiafl Benu», yB-žpaio Bacx. 9to EaKi* 6h nepeis^^B 
Ha HOByio RBapTHpy — MHoroe h3i toB MeCeiiH, bi Boxopofi npn- 
BUBX, CB EoxopoK) csHJCfl, OEasusaexcfl nojiOMaHHUMiy HHEyxa 
HeroAHHMx; qHHHXB ne cxohxx, — Bce paBHO HHEy^a ne ^o;^Hxcfl; 
HOBOfi MeCejBH) enie ne oÓsaBe^Cfl, HyacxByeniB cefia Hey;ío6HO, 
MHoraro ne xsaxaexi... dxx, oahhhi ciobomi^ xAsejce 6ujo 
BpeMH. HysHO 6ujio cos^axB ce6i HOBoe ďiH3HenoHHMaHÍe h npo- 
BecxH ero bo bcí iiejiOHH sh3hh. 3xo — orpoMnafl, cxpamnafl pa- 
6oxa^ H ona na^^opBaja MH^^ymy. 

— YpiejiB AEOcxa, — B;ípyrB nporoBopHJx Chxhheobb h sa- 
MOJi^aji. 

MypoMCEÍfi yEopH3HeHHO B3rjflHyjii> Há Hero. 

— Hy Aa, — cepBesHO B3B0JiH0BaHHUMi rojiocoM'B nporoBopHjx 
OffB. — 9x0 — 3JI0 CEaBaHO, HO, ecJiH xoxHxe, axo ne^íajieEO orb hcxhhh, 
H oÓHAHaro, npaBo, xyxx h^xi HHqero. /I^a, ÁEOCxa, coBpeMeHHufi 
YpieJiB. FpycxHO, qxo bx „Hami npocBimeHHBift bíex" Moryx^B 
npoBcxoAHXB en^e xaEífl roHenifl h Heypfl^ni^ii H3i-3a CBo6o;^Haro 

MH^HÍfl o XOMX HJIH ApyrOMX y^eHÍS... Ho OCXaBHMB 3X0. (H ocxajicfl 

3a rpaHMi^efi jífiJi^e haxh jíxí h noxepajix npaBO BepHyxBCfl; EHHry 
CBOH) Haneqaxajix, ee nepeBejiH na MHoríe asueh; Meufl BusBiBaJiH 
Bi Poccík) HeMHoroqHCjeHHue ^pysba — a ne noixaix, h xasi npo- 
TBiUJTh JlBdiJmB.Tb JVkVb BX qysHxx Epaflxi, HHxaacB „aEpHAaMH H 
A9S0M'B ^QflS)m>% nepe(5HBaflCB ct> ujiíósl na BBaci, cxpamno Hy:s- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



484 B^CŤHHBl EBPOQH. 

AaflCB... n BOT'B TOiBRO rjiy6oEafl B^peL b% HCTHHy, 03apHBmyH) 

— Ecjír6u pacKaflJiHCb ^a 6ojibine mojhjihcb — He 6ujlo 6ii 
BaMi TaK% TflXKo, — MpaqHo CRas&s^ toctb. 

— Mh* ne Bx ^eMx 6kijio RaaibCA. PacRaame — bto cosHame 

B^ JIOKHOCTH CBOHXl y6*«AeHÍň MH nOCTyOBOBX. PaCBaflTbCfl— 

BHaHHTb npHseaTb cbok) HecocTOflxejibHocTb. A ee lion btofo ca^- 
jaTb. MojHTbCfl — no Moeny eperaqecBOMy yfite^eHiio — rp*xx. 

— Fpixx?! — BOCMHKHyjii rocTb, B-B nepBufl paax npHXOjíH 
Bi B086ysA6HÍe. 

— He BOSMymafixecb, — ycnoKOHJx ero MypOMCKÍJi. — fl CMOipio 
Ha MOJiHTBy BaBi Ha chmboji HeAOB'lpifl Ki BosecTBy. MojiHTbCfl 
SHa^HTL npocHTb. IIpocHTb mo;rho qejOB']&Ka, BOTopbifi ne noserB 
SHaib BamHxi HyjRAX. Mojihtbh hjh npocbfiH qe^OB^Ra o tohi 
HJiH ^ípyroiii He Hy»HH BomeciBy— paax bh npEsnaere ero Bce- 
BiAymHMt. Hejibsa B-fc^p* npeACTaBHib ce&k 9to BoaecTBO bi bh^íí 
KaBoro-HH6yAb eaqajibBHKa AeaapiaMeHTa, npsHHMaioii^aro npocb6n 
OTL noiqHHeHHHxx H DHray^aro Ha hhx'b pesojuoi^iio: „HcnoaHHTb", 
„OTEasaib . Bucmaa CHJia, ynpaBjflioii^afl BcejieHBofi, jyqme ?e- 
jioB-íjKa sHaerb, nrb ejiy Hyano, h fibirb Moaterb to, o qeM^B mu 
npocHMx, ue TOJibKo ue noJiesHO, a Bpe^no. MojHXBa, noatajyfl, 
HeoSxoAHna ji^Jia AyniH mojtoj^oíí, neonuTHOlt^ HeyRptnHBme&ca, ne- 
o6xojiHMa KaBi raiiMbi h dBsepcHcu jmň yopasHenifl wb My3UR'6. 
Ho Roriia b^ Ayurh onuTnaro MysHRaHxa mHsexi yxe n^ea cios- 
Hofi H BejHqecTBeHHOfl chm({)ohíH; — AO raiiMik jih eiiy h ao ynpas- 
Henifi? 

— Ho AJífl opocJiaBjíeaifl Bóra? — Hěxoxa saMiiHjrx CHXHHROBrb. 

— JI,jifl npocjaBjeHÍa BoaecxBa? Ki qeiiy »e? XBajia Hiiíexx 
CMHCJii noonípeHÍfl, o^oópenifl. Hy»HO jh bxo BoaiecxBy? Mh* Ra- 
aexcfl, OHO ne nyaAaexca b-l 9tomx. H Bce 9xo npOHaonuro ovh 
HHSMeHHaro npeACxaBJíenÍH, Roxopoe nejiOBiK^h Bbipa6oTaj'B ce6i o 
BoxecxBi. Bi jecxH h cjraBOCJOBiflxi ne HyK^aexca Bucraee Cy- 
n^ecxBO, H 6oroxyjibCTBa ho Moryxx ero 0CR0p6HXb. 

BoiBopHJiocb npoAOJiasHxejiLHoe MOjqame, Roxoparo hh o^hhx 
H3X co6ecÍAHHKOBT> HC xoT^jx opepuBaxb. 

— KaRx BH HamjTH Měna? - Bjípyrb cnpocHJix MypoMCRift. 
Chtuhrobi BsrjHHyix na nero, RaRi 6u oxopBaBmncb ovh 

CBOHXl jiyMi. 

— Kaax Hameji? Oqeub npocxo. EsjaMnifl JíbBOBna ysHaaa, 
qxo Mapycfl nHcajia BaMx. Ofía BCxpeBoasHJiacb; oxB-lxa oxi Bacx 
AO.iro ne 6ujo — 3a oHCbMaMH bi aouí sopRO cji'£ahjih, h ona ycno- 
ROHjiacb, pimHBi, qxo bbi ne upit^exe. A na absíx-l a npoqeJTB 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA nojinyTH. 485 

Bi raseTHOfi xpcEHE*! o sameMi BOSBpameHÍH, h cooďiuilsx efi. B'b 
ajtpecHOMx CTOJ* ysHaai Bami a^ípeci. Bon cecipa h nocjiajia 

MeHH Kl BaiTB. 

— JÍM nevo? — cnpocHJix MypoMCBifi. 

— ^M TOrO, HTOCU BaMl TOpffieCTBeHHO O&hňBRTb: mo6u BH 

yj^ssajiH. 

— Bóra KaBi»! 

— Aa. 

— Ha BaROM'B aie ocHOBanifl EBjraMnifl JlbBOBHa 6eperB Ha 
ceCn TaKÍfl xopatecTBeHHUfl pacnopflaeHÍfl, nosBOJisTe Bací cnpocHXb? 

— Ha KaKOMx? O^eHB npocTO. RoHe^no, ona ne Hosera Bani 
BanperHTB :bhtb vjsib 6u to bh 6ujio, pa3'B bto pa3p']bnieH0 BaMx 
BucmHMH BjacTflMH. Ho OHa HM-iera ocHOBanie nojaraib, hto bu 
npišxasH jíflB CBEjs,a,BÍa. ci ;^oqepi>H). Taní bí;^b dxo? 

— Tara. 

— Hy, xaBx BorB. Ona nopyqnjia iihí oCiaBHTB Bani, hto 
CBE^aHÍfl 8Toro OHa He AonyciHrB. B'b jífiwb b^b ce&b oaa nacB ne 
nycTHTB. Ci^AOBaTejiLHO, pasi i^'&ib Bamero opita^^a ne 6yAeTx 
^íoCTHrnyTa, BaMx ociaoTCfl tojilko yixaTb. 

— AcHO. Ho KTO ae M0»erL omy ooMimaTb CBn^aHÍio cb 
íoqepbK)? 

— KoHO^HO, Mapycfl ho paCnHH ea. TojrbKo cecTpa npe^no- 
jiaraerB, ?to pasi ona BociraTajia ee, a bu doekavjih pe6eHBa b^b 
caMOiťL H']bsHOM'b B03pacTÍ, TO BTHMi caMuifb Éu OTBasajiHCb ora 
npaBX Ha nee, EOTopuB nepeniJiH m> nefi. ň Ay^aio, bu ne 6y- 
xere ocnapHBaxb ea opaBi. 

— Hh y OAHoro qejOBiBa ne M0»erB Cutb npaBx Ha Apyroro 
BSpocjaro íejOBÍKa. ň ne oipni^aio, a nociyoBJíi — no oómeupanfl- 
Tofi MopajH — He6jiarOBHAHo; ho... BO-nepBuxi, a 6ujrb Tor^a mo- 
JOA^B H onpoMeT^HBx; BO-BToptixii, o6pymHBmiflCfl na Měna HeB3roAU 
ne ;iajíH mhí npeMenn no;íyMaTb cepbesHO o AO^epn; Bi-rpeTbHxx, 
lioe nojTOxenie Óujio xaRx HeoopeA'£jieHHO, qxo a He mopb Bsaib 
Ba ceCfl 3a(SoTy o Mapyct h cqejix, bi to spěna, hto eft Óy^erb 
jiyqrae iKHTb bi aom4 toteh, EOTopofl a oo^th ne anajix, ho o 
BOTopofi roBopHJiH KaRx O „pattcEofi Aym*". KoHeqHO, Mapyca 
^(OjiaBHa 6biTb efi 6jiaroAapHa sa ea jiioóoBh h none^enie; ho, mhš 
sasoTca, Tenepb, sor^a iioefi Aoqepn AsawaTb h;ih osojo Toro 
jiivhj cjííyerb efi caifofi npeaocxaBHTb cBo6o;íy Buóopa. Eft Heo6- 
xoahmo co MHOft BHA*Tbca, H a cx HeK) yBHsycb. EcjiH OHa OTBepr- 
nerb nena — a ytay, h ona ocTaHexca cx TeTEoft; ecjiH ona hojih)- 
6ht^ Měna, ona Gy^erb sHTb co mhoH. 

— 9to Barae nocji-IjíHee cjobo? 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



486 BSCTHHB^L EBPOnU. 

— Jía. ■ 

— Xoporao, fl laBx h nepe^íaiix cecxp*. 

— H coo6mHTe mh4 ea piraeHÍe? 

— H cooCmy. 

— A MapycH) noi^tiyfiTe. CKaatHTe efi, qro ehcemo ea a no- 
ayTOJii H ^oJlvo AyMaiii o Heni. KcTarH, bu snaere, o tcitb oaa 
MB*! nHcajia? 

— He 3HaH). ^"^BO^Ra HHBOMy o&b dwwh He roBopHja. 

— n a ne caasy Bani. 

— KaEx BaMx Óy^erB yroflHO, — nporoBopHJix CiiTHHKOBt, h, 
ao^ynaBi, npHÓaBHj^: — dxT>^ Ge^opx HHKOJiaeBBqi, Hanpacno! 

— ^t6 8T0? 

— HanpacBO bu aarŽBacTe 6opb6y cb EajiaMniefi. Oea — aetea- 
n^HHa CTapHHHuxi BsrjiaAOBi, BJiacTnaa, CHjibHaa... 

— Hy, qTO-»x! H no6opeMca, — ycMÍXHyjica MypoMCKÍ6. 



IV. 

CTapHHHOfi apXHXeBTypH BaMeHHEI& AOMHBl-OCOÓHBB^B CTOflJl 

na OBpaHH^ ropová; yjiHi^Ei, npojeraBinifl obojo eero, óujlh rpas- 
HUH, IL90X0 Mon^enufl, a no hšbotoplimx h3X hhx'b, EMÓOJiie ot- 
AajeHHiiMi, npojieraj[H moctbh, daM^oflamie Tpoxyapu 6jiaroycTpoeH- 
Hofi nacTH ropová, h ýonapa, ocB^maBmie 3Ty qacib ropová, 6buih 
BepocEHOBue. 

CaUUfi AOMHBl, BX ABa neBUCOBHXX BXasa, cb 0()niHpHHM'B ABO- 

pOMX H CJiysRÓBMEy Hwkjii, sanyii^eHHufi h nensuihnui bha'b; niTy- 
Baiypaa na ero cíŠHaxx oÓJiynHJiacB; Bpacaa, BorAa-xo ÓjAjs^bo- 
po30Baro UB^xa, oÓJiísJía, h Boe-rA* no crlnaM-B ^OMa nojšsjía 
nsecens. 

Bnyxpn 611.10 en^e MpaqH'le; BOMsaxu 6u.ih pacnojioseHU ee- 
yioxHO, no cxoponaMx Mpanaaro Ropn^opa, Bt ROxopoMi bí^bo 
Bonxijia xycBJíafl jKecxanaa JiaMnonaa, npHÓHxaa hjxb ne nojx ca- 
MUMx noxojiBOMi; noqxH bcí BOMHaxu 6ujifi upoxo^nua; MeóejB, 
yBpámaBmaa nxi, 6u.ia cxapnnnaro íj^blcobb^, no^mpoBaHnaro Bpac- 
naro Aepeaa, oÓHxaa BpacnuM'b xpHnoMi, BUJinnaBniHMi h noxep- 
xuMx; AHBanu Ba3aj[HCb BaBHMH-xo ROB^eraMH no cBoeň neoóxax- 
HOCXH, specjia — xponaMH, no hh ea xšxi, hh Ha ^pyrnxi CHA'i&xb 
6hjo noqxH neBOSMOffiHO — ao xoro ohh Óujhh secxBH a noaaxH. 
0(5oH 611JH xeMHue, Boe-rA*]^ H3Mii3raHHbie cnanKaMH MeÓe^n, soe* 
Txb o6opBaHHbie, a vjíík h xpoHyxue xeMHbíMH naxnaMH cupocxn. 

Bet BOMnaxu 6ujh noxoatH o^na na Apyryio, cb xok) paBnn- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA noJinyTH. 487 

ueio, HTO B% H'6ROTopuxx CTOflJia Me6ejrb, o^Hxafl sejieHofi KjeeHSofi, 
en\e úojiie Hey^oÓsafl no csoeft CROJbSROCTH, híui> spacBaa rpH- 
noBafl. 

HHHero jiHmHflro b^ 8thx'b BOMHaTaxx, ee 6ujio; Eas^as m% 
HHX^B noxoAHja Ha npieMHyK) bi BaBofi-HHÓyAb saxojiycTHofi AyxoB- 

HOfi BOHCHCTOpÍH, TaB'B EaBI) HSBtCTHO, 910 H^Tl 60JI'£e yHUJItlX'^ 

H neyiOTHtixi npieMHHxx, EaR'B bx ROHCHCTopiflxi. 

áo BceMy AOMy naxjio jaMnaAHUMx MacjOMi h nociHofi nHniefi. 

YrjiOBafl ROMHara, cJijiisMBmM jooónuuwb M'£cTonpe6u6aHÍeM'B 
xosafiRH AOMa, 6uja oÓCTaaieua h-^crojibro jiornie. IIo Rpafinefi 
if^^p*!, y OAHoro HS^B orohi ctoajio niHpoRoe h rjiyÓORoe^ yAOÓHoe 
RpecJOy BumHToe rapycoM'^; bx yray BucBJíCfl orpoMHuft júovh 
spacHaro A^pesa, secB HanojiHenButi oÓpasaMH bi cepe6pflHux'B h 

SOJO^eHHXX pHSaXl^ — HCRyCCTBenHlIMH 6yMaSHUMH H^B^XaMH, noBH- 
;j(HMOMy CHflTUMH CB CfiflH^eHHUXl RyjLH^efi, BOCROBUMH TOHeHBRHHB 

CB'feqaHH, ;^OHeceHHLiHH 00 BOSBpan^eHÍH cb sayipeHB h cl ^renin 
AB^HaAoaTB eBanrejifi nenoranieHHUMH, — cyxHMH upociJ^opaKH, Ryco?- 
sanH apxoca h sacoxmnMH B'£TBflMH Bep6u. IIepeA'B ríotomx len- 
jHjracB ^aBina^Ra Rpacnaro CTeRJia ch chhhmh h 61^jium.e pasBO- 
AEmh; no CT^naMx bhcLih noTeHH']tBniÍH otb BpeiieBH RapxBHEi, wb 
CTapHHHBixx jríboHBixii paMaxi; o6jiynBBmHxcfl b cbjibho sarpflspHB- 

IHBXCfl. Ha OAHOfi B3X HHX^ CB XpyAOlfB MO^RBO ÓBLIO pa306paTB 

nepr&MeHTHO-seJiTBifi mKb XpacTa, CTOflBmaro nepoA^B OoMoň h no- 
sasBiBaBmaro eny panBi na pvRaxi cbohx'b. Ha APyrofi tojibro no 
AorajpcaiťB mosho 6ujio pasjH^BTB chbh)H) ojs^ess^j Mapin-MarAa- 
jHHU, ROTopafl B'B neo^ep*!, Jiema na RaMHBxi, qBxajia CBEn^eHnyia 
KHHry. HaROfleq^B, xpexBfl HaaSoji^e coxpaHeHHafl, xojibro cb no- 
xpecRaBniBMCfl jaROMi, BsoCpa^Rajia MOjeHÍe o nsuni. H no dxož 
sapxHHi M02BB0 6uA0 cyjsjĚThy VLTO ^cflBonBceui, nHcaBmifi ee, 6ujii 
RERofi-BBSyAB caMoyqRa-^oroMadiy ae HBiiBniífi hb Maji^gmaro npe^- 
cxaBjeHifl BH o ciosexaxx, Roxopue onx bsajsca xpaRxoBaxB, hb o 
caMoft djeMOBxapHofi xexBBR^ shbobbcb. 

Emfi Bx ROMBax'£ cxoajo Asa — xpH Rpyrjuxx cxojBRa, naRpu- 
TBix'B BasaBHMB CRaxepxflMB; a na óojibuiomx npeAAHBanBOMx .oaajiB- 
EqMi> CTOJii RpacoBajacB na njaxó cb qs^xaMH, BUA^jaHBtiMH bsi 
sosH^ cxapBBBafl; BBicoRafl, Ma&sflflaB Jianna, sa^nraBniaflCfl mpijsjsAj 
no 0C060 xopsecxBeBBUM'B ahbmi, noxony qxo, Boo6n^e, xosHÍRa 
AOHa BnoJiB^ AOBOJiBCXBOBajacB xaBBCXBeHBUMi MepqaBÍeMi jan- 
na^RHy ocB^n^aBmefi oabb'b jinniB yroji ROMoaxEi, lor^a RaRi Apy- 
rie yvAu b cepeABBa Óhjih norpysBenH bx rjiy6oRÍft MpaRi. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



488 B^CTHHB^B BBPOIUI. 



Jífiwh dTOTL noxoAHJi Ha MOHacTupB. Cana xobhřkb, — Es^aM- 
iiifl JlBBOBHa CHTHHKOBa — oA^BajTacs Bx KaKyK)-TO ocofiyK) o^ea^r 
qepHaro i^B^xa hsi AemeBaro jnocTpHaa, nojiy-HOHamecRaro no- 
Kpofl. 3to 6ujidL cxapafl A^sa, jrkvh mecTHAeca™, BHCORaa, xy^an, 
KaKi ÓYATO BHCOxraaa. Jhi^o y nefl 6hjio crporoe, do^th cypOBoe; 
cpocmíaca ^epHHa fípOBH h ocxptifi, npoHniíaTeji>HHft BsrjAAx, 6jh- 
CTaBmifi HS^E-noA^ hhx^, dpoh3boahj['b RpafiHe HenpiaTHoe Baewr- 
jAnie Ha eň píakhxii rocTell n coCedAHHROBi. Ona roBOpHja 
Majo; o HHTeftcRHxi^ A^jax^ coBepmenno HsÓirajia bchrhxi pas- 
roBopoBi, a o ;^yxoBHLix'B jík>6ejih, noTOJtROBaiB es jiioabmh BHaio- 
mHMH H, rjiaBHoe, „fijraro^ecTHBoft aHSHH*. Ho ^aate h Tor^a, Kor^ía 
oea roBopHJia o OosecTBenHurB npeAMeTax'B, rojiocx ea sBy^aj^ 
p'63RO H BJiacTHO H pim> ea 6uá8l OTpHBHcra. 

Ona B*HHO rOBopHja o CMHpeHÍH, o noRopnocra h o6x ynHHH- 
menifi, h RaRi 6yAT0 Bcefi CBoelt (|)Hrypofi xox&ia noRasaTB, Ra- 
RHMi) ne AOJseHx 6uTh ^ejOB^KT* hcthhho Giiaro^ecTHBEifl. 

IIopaARH Bx ea aomí 6hjh ycxanoBJíeHii paai naBcer^a; axo 
ÓHJi^ ocoóuft peaHMi — cmícb MonacxHpcRHxi cxporocxeft ce xaft- 
H0& pa8Hy3AaHH0cxBH) H (f)apHcefiCRHM'B jiHi^eM'£p{eM'B. npH cxapyx^- 
xosa&RŽ B-^qBO „npHSíHBajiH^ cxapua baobu h a^bu, cxojib se ct> 
BHAy cypoBBia h eme 6oj']&e fijaro^ecxHBBia. O^tBajHCB oh*! xasse 

B% B^HHLlfi Xpayp'B, n^JBlS AeUB XOJ^HJH CB OOCXHBIMH 4>H3Í0H0- 

MÍaMH, HeH3BÍcxH0 ox^ero xasRo h rjiy6oRO B3AaxajiH, H3BeprajH 
HOXORH cyM6ypHEix'B ^^P^"^? no^epnayxuxx aR0-6u h8'b nHcania, h 
o^eHB 3a6oxHJHCB o qyatHXT* rpixaxi. O cbohxx oh4 xo»e bsau- 
xajH H coRpymajiBCB, ho aobo.7bho pijífiOj h xo 6ojAe bt> yro^y 
fijaro^ixejiBnHat. 

BjiaroA'9^xejiBBHqa se cobc^mx oxmaxnyjiacB ovh iripa, soxopttfi 
ona npesHpaJia sa rpixH, c^ cypoBOCXBH) Hacxoan^efi (|)anaxHqBH, 
Ao6poBOJiBHOň noABHSHHau. Jl^ase cbohxi npHSHBajiORi h yroAHHiTB 
OHa, Wh jiymij npesHpajia, noxony qxo A^psajia hxi na oo^xh- 
xejiBHOHx pascxoaHÍH h p^^KO, p-^ARo Ror^^a cnHCXo^Hiia vb soxo- 
poft-HH6y;íB H3X hhx'b; Raatexca, hxo, necMOxpa na Bce CBOe ^cmh- 
penie*, eft AOCxaBJíajio HeMajoe y^OBOJBCXBÍe xo oCcxoaxejiBCXBO, 
qxo npHSHBajiRH xpenexaJiH npn nefi h ne mofjh buhochxb ea 
cypoaaro Bsrja^a. 

Bx 9xoft neqajBHoft oCcxanoBRi, cpe^H cxiex 9xoro yrpioMaro 
AOna-MOHacxBipa BLipocja h BOCoaxajiacB jí,o^h MypoMCRaro. dxo 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



v 

HA nojnyra. 489 

6euo eAHHCTseHHoe MOJO^oe cyn^ecxBo wb stomi E^apCTBi ciapocxH 
B paspymeBifl. 

^aHaiH^Ba-TeTKa BOcnHTUBajia njeMflHHHi^y caiia. G'b nepaiixi^ 
TOffiVh pasyiiHofi shshh A'ÍBoqRH, Esjíaifaífl JlBBOBHa cxajia sHy- 
maTS efi „HCTHHBO-xpHCTÍaacKifl" mucsh, hto ^aioB^Rx posA^Hx 
rpixoBHEiMx; ?T0 rp'lniHHKaii'B yroTOBanx aACKÍfi ofohb h reeHsa 
oreeHHafl; hto caaciHCb noqTH neBOsmosHO, h hto Bofb cypoBO Ea> 
paerL ae tojbeo sa v^xm A'^ficTBHTeibHBie, bo h sa rpi^niHBifl 
MHCJiH, H Aase sa chu, ecjiH chu axH rp'&xoBHu. 

BocnHTUBajia oea meMflHHBi^y cypoBo: cjií^ahja 3a r^wb^ HTo6a 
Ta BcxaBajia b'b ceMB nacoBi yipa — shmok) r wh hatl cb hojobh- 
BOH) — ji'6T0irB; sacraBjfljia ee ctoatb qaci ea mo^ietb*]^, npHqenrB 
A^^Ba AOJisHa ÓUJLSL luacTb seMeue bobjiohii h qHxaTB noA^- 
pflit: „Orb cna BoscxaBx", „Oxne nanix", „BoropoAHiíe ^4bo pa- 
Ayflcfl**, „MojHTBy aHrejy-xpaHHxejuo", ^MojiHXBy sa poAHxejefi h 
64K3KHxi>", npeneMi noMHeajiacs xexKa h bcI npaBOCiaBBue xpn- 
CTiane; noxoH'B en^e h^ceojilro mojhxbi no npocxpaeHOMy mojihxbo- 
ciOBy. IIocji^ axoro A'^BOMRa cxoAH.m bhhsi h nHja shakíS ^aft 
CB qepcTBoň 6y;isofi h nocxHBiifB caxapoM'B; 6yjiBH eapo^HO bbt- 
AepsHBajiHCB ABa — xpe ahh, qxoÓLi ne "itcxB hxx cb-Ishmh, noxoMy 
HTO ^cxb Hxo-HH6yAB CB'£xee 3Haqujio ycjiaacA&TB cboh) ujecxb, a 
qpeBoyroAÍe — cnepxHiifi rp^j^xx. ^o o6ÍAa, Boxopufi noAaBaiCA b'b 
pa qaca aha h cocxoaji^l hsx nocxHuxi n^efi h BaniH, Aa h3'b 
luioRBeHHaro RHcejia Óesi caxapa h MOJioRa, npo yqeHÍe: npnxo- 
AHJTB npeqexHHBx hsi npHxoACRott aepRBH h npenoAaB&ii Mapyci 
„aawxBH npaBOCjaBoaro RaxeKnaHca"" h CBao^eHEyio HCxopÍK) Bex- 
xaro H HoBaro 3aB'&xa, no yqe6HHRy PyAaROsa. Ilocjii o6^A& h 
ffi BeqepHflro qaa h ysHea pa8p'£inaj[0CB a^bohr^ qnxaxB ?exBH- 
MBBefl Ha AB^B&AaaxB iťlcflqeBi bi roAy hjh RaRyfo-HH^yAB Ay- 
xoBHyH) RHHry. 

BeqepoMx nojara;iocB ohhxb HOJtHXBeHHoe cxoflHÍe, ci xofi pa3- 
BB^efi, Hxo bmícxo „Ovb cna BoscxaBx" qHxajocB: „FocnoAH 
Bain'B, Boxe, e;Be corpimexi bo ahh cewb^. CpeAH sne ahh ^h- 
xajHCB en^e mojhxbu nepeA'B h no OROHqanÍH yqeHÍa h npHHflxia 
BHn^H, HepeA'B h no oROHqanÍH RaacAaro flibJíA. IIepeA'B yx^BHOM^ 
A^ByniRa npHBUBajacB bi yr^OByio ROMHaxy h AO^ra^Ha 6iaa rpoMRO 
qnxaxB xexR* xo, qx5 CyAerB yRasano. Cana xexRa 6um Majo- 
rpaxoxna h npeAnoqnxajia cjymaxB, ^iwb caMofl xpyAHXBCfl HaA'B 
pasfiopoifB cxaponeqaxBuxi Rnerb. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



490 BftCTHHKX JSBPOmi. 



VI. 

EaiaMnifl JÍBBOBHa CEjííhm na CBoeMi nsjíoÓJieREOWb Rpec.i']^ h^ 
•cypOBO CABHHyBí 6pOBH, o HeMx-TO cocpe;^oToqeHBO Ajnaja. HeB^^a- 
jieiA OTh Hefl, Ha npocxoMx Ó^jiomi* Ta6;peTŠ CHA'i^a „rjraBHafl^ 
npHSHBaj[Ra, HOCHBmafl y Apyrnxi upHSHBajioRi no^exHoe npo* 
3BHii^e „HaymHHi^Li''. Oea ócLia rjiaBHofi, noxoMy qxo C'LyM'&ia noA- 
jia;iHTLCfl noA^ TflseJTLiH HpaB'B iosaKrh; ciyif^jra no^irlTHTb ea 
CJia6ocTH H yroAHTB hmx; RpoMŠ Toro, bx iiHHyTU „pacnojomeHifl" 
EBjraMniH JIbbobhh, OHa ynijia xoporao noroBOpHxb o fioatecxBen- 
Bowh H j^ase pascRasaxB cteasRy sa Heji']&no-MHcxHqecROfi no^RJa^R^ 
H xímx HanyraxB nepe^x chomx „6JIa^oflixeJIbHH^y", hx6 xa oqeeb 
j[K)6Hj[a. 

Ho ceťoj^Bfl 6jiaroA^xejBHHi^a 6ujia oco6eHBo ne b% xyxi h 
ynopHO MOjqajia, Ópocajia Roctie h cypoBue BsrjHAu na npB^RH- 
BajRy, B BpeMK otl BpeneBH xasejo BSAuxaia. 

— ^x5 MOjqBmb, RaRt cuqi? — aaROHei^x nporoBopBJía ona, 
He rjMífl Ba cboio tocxek). 

— FoBopBXb Be o qeMx, oxxoro b MOJiiy, — Ceax ocoCeHBOft 
noqxHxejBBOCxH Bi rojioc* oxBtxHjra xa. 

— He o qejix?.. OpB mh-I ne o qeMi, a no ROpHAopaH'i» 
jíHflMH menqexecB... 

— Kxo menqexcfl, a rxo b bíxx. 

— TojROJďB roBopB: nmo menqexcfl. He jk)6jik) 3ara;íOR'B. 

— HHRaRoň B nivh sara^RB. Hsbšcxbo rxo. CaMB SHaexe: 
MapeyniRa. 

— Ctb rímx? — npOAOjaKajia j^onpocx EBJíaMnÍH JlBBOBBa. 

— Hsbícxbo, bo co MHOH). 

— Ci RÍMi »e? 

— Cx rímx ji,dL Cb r4mx! Cx MapBoň, boxi Cb ríjtb. 

— C% MapyceB? 

— Cx Hefi. 

— O qeMx? 

— A H 3BaK)? y caMOfi cnpocBxe. Jíojjkbo 6uxb o xopomeM-B, 
ROJB xa ojiaqexx, ^a spaBnan cxajia. jlI^epsBxi mbí. Hsx nocjry- 
masífl Bunijia. 

— Bc* BH xopomBÍ — saRJíoqHJia EBjaMnifl JlBBOBBa. — Yaó 
paaóepy. 

BoABopBjocB M0.9qaHÍe, npepuBaBineecfl mpiji^íL Bs^oxanB cxa- 
pyxx. 

UepBafl saroBopBJía xosAĚRa. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



JHA nojrnyTH. 491 

— roBopaaa cb njeMAHHHiíeň? — cnpocHJia OHa, 

— FoBopHJia. 

— H qxó ae? 

— HHHero. 

EBJíaHnifl JlbBOBHa BApyrx ocBwp^uijia.: sacxyqajia CBoefi roct- 
jíflBofi pyROfi no pyHKk speoia h rpoBHEiMi fojiocomi OBpHSHyjta: 

— FoBopn, To;iKOMi roBopH, bojb npHBasuBaK)! Rycsa iji^óa 
pímy! Ofl, AjieBcaHApa, , 6y;^eT^ teói naflo mhoS Kypa^aibca! Ha- 
rpa^HJ^B MeHfl FocnOAb no hctehí anrejibCBHMi CMHpenieMx h Tep- 
íAmewhj o;^Haso h eny ecib M^pa. He HcnuruBafi Meofl, sjan 

3jafl Aynia sopKO noROCHjacb na 6jaroAÍTe;[BHHi;y, h ;i^ficTBH- 
TejbHO aiaa, ase yjOBHMafl ycM'6niBa noKocHja ea vjón. Bx ria- 
saxx ea cipuxi h noTyxmHX'B npoÓ^rajii oroneBi. 0& CBoficiBeB- 
Hofi efi HHCTHHRTaBHoK cooópasHTej&HOCTbK) OHa nonaJia, ^to „MÍpa" 
HaciynHJia, h hto AaJisme aecxH bi noAOÓHOMi toh']^ pasrOBopi ne 
6e3onacHO. Hyano 6ujio ycTynaib, h ona ycxynnjia. 

0;íHaEO ona jiiofíHJia no^exHHa oxcxynjienia, a noxoMy, xoxa 
H SHa^HxejiBHO yMflrqeHBBiifB tojocomi, ho Bce-xaEH epaBoy^uxeikno 
CKasaisa: 

— Xjiifía piniHxe? ?xo ax, na xo bca Bama boja. O^HaKO 
yHHJiH H Měna: ne o xJiíÓi bauhowl ^hbi ÓuBaexi ^aiOBtsx; 
nafi^yrcfl Ao6pue jiioah, Roxopue ^^a^yxi mh*!, neMon^HOfi, nnn^y na- 
cyn^HyH)... A HcnuxuBaxB qeJOBÍBa'-*Bej[nBÍž rp']&x'L, n EHRor^a 
na CBOK) ;íyniy rpixa 3xoro ne BOSBMy. 

— He CRyjiH. FoBopH a*Jo! — snaíHxejiBHO Marqe caasaja 
EBiíaMnifl JlBBOBHa. 

— ^a íx5 roBopnxB-xo? KaRx ecxB — nenero. He nowaexca — h 
Bce xyxi. Yai a h cx o^íhofo 6oRy, h cb Apyroro. A Bce — Map- 
eymRa nacxpaHBaexx. 

— Cxaaa xe64 3xa MapeyniRa nonepeRx ropjia, — saM-ixMa 
EBJíaMnia JlBBOBea h qyxB HacM'ikmjiHB0 B3rjiflHyjia na co6ec%AHHi^y. 

— A MHÍ Hxó? XoxB aí^ijfixecB ch neS! — onaxB ne c^epsa- 
jacB H BCBHn'|jia npnaHBaJiRa. — Y Ao6paro xosflHna BCAROiiy ncy 
ROCTB nafiAexcfl. A xojbro no npAMOxš AyniH CBoeň Bcer^a CRaasy: 
^BJihUJEBuŘ ona necB, axa sama MapeymRa^ boxx qxo! 

— Jífl, ň xeófl He Hefi cnparaHBaio, a o Mapyci. 

— A fl npo xo H roBopío: CMymaexx ona MapBio, h (JojBnie 
HHHero. CaMa ciuniajia, RaRx xa ee Hayn^ajia: cxoli, A^CRaxB, na 
-CBoeifx! HH^ero ona xeói CA'6-iaxL ne mojkcxx... 

— Hy, 9X0 xu BpeniB! — BcnHXHyBx, saiiixHJia EBjaMnifl JÍBBOBHa. 

— A ROJiH Bpy, sa^^Mx jryna h cnpaniHBaxB. Dponíafixe, 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



492 BftCTHHRl EBPOnU. 

Cjraro^ítTejBHHiía! A a ysi jiyqine yfi^y... — HepimniejsHO BCTaBaa 
c% TaCypeia, nporoBopHja npHSHBajiBa, HěxoTfl HaopasjUHCb Kb 
flpepH. — ^oft;^y, noHmy ce6Í npHCxaHHma y ípyrnii AoCpurt 
jiH);íeft. Cbítb ne ejhhomx coraaica. Hafi^eTCfl yrojii fljw fies- 
npiioTHofi Moefi rojOBu. FocnoAs, b'b Be^HRofi mhjocth CBoefi, se 

nOKHHeTE CHpOTCKyK) MOK) BJÍOBBK) rOJOBy. A CKasert OH^ KO B8H- 

Baion^HMi B^ eeMy: „HaRopMHJH jih bu, ROTopuS sunsAJUh? aa- 
uoujiE JIH BII, soTopuK :KasAdJrB? npiioTHjiH jih BU, BOTOpilfi ecTB 
fiesAOMHHfi?" H otbítstb eaiy: „hítx, rocnoAH". H CKBxerh om>: 
„H^Hxe orB MeHfl bo xbMy KpoMiraHyio, b^ reeney orHeHeyK), a ne 
3HaK) bu". 

— Cioň, CTOft, Kysa tu, ^yp^ rojiOBa?! He xeuhi. Kto Te6fl 
roHHTL, AjieKcaHApa? 

npna&HBajBa ocxaHOBHJiacB, BUHyja 3acMopRaHHH& luiaTOBx h3x 
BapMaHa h CA^jiajia bh;^'b, hto yrepjia cjie3ii h A^se BCUHimyia; 
HO ona coHJia jipjirowb en^e nojiOMaTscfl. 

— HÍTx yaíx, npomaftie! — nporoBopHJia ona ycTaBinHM-B ro- 
jocoMx. — Yxoaty. BoBce yxoay. HaiepniJiacb, nacxpaj^ajiacB. By^e. 
Ra6ii noBpin^e, abl noMOJiox^e óujia... a to rjíib tae% cjia6ofi, TaBÍfl 

SB-fcpCTBa BHHOCHTb?.. 

Ona TaB'B ^yxoAHia'' He Mentě ^Byxi pasx bx nejijkiíOy h, ne 
CMOTpa na yxo;íu 3th, atHJia yae Tperifl ro^x bx aom* ĎJiaro- 
AiTejsHHqBi. 

— KaKifl ate snipcTBa? — npOTecTOBajia fijiaroíÍTeJibHHi^a, na 
KOTopyK) Tanifl ci^eHH ^McTBOBajiH Bcerja yípy^aíomHMt oCpasoMi. 

— BcflBOfl íesnyTHOfi ;^íbk4 Bepxt na^o mhoIí ^aexe, — qyn- 
CTBya, ^TO Ta ycrynaeTx, yate TBepate saroBopnjia npnaiHBajiKa. 

— 3to tbi npo Mapey? 

— npo nee; a to npo Koro «e? 

— CKaaajia: pasóepy. H ycnoKOfica. 

— JTryHBefi Měna BOJiHqaeTe. 

— Hy, jia^HO yax! Majio jih qTÓ! — Heonpe^ii&JieHHO nporoBO- 
pHJia o6BHHaeMaa. 

Ho npnxHBaJiRa ^oÓHBaJiacB CBoero. 

— He „Majio JIH ít5", — nacTaBHTejiBHO nporoBopnjia ona. — 
Fpixx 9T0, BejiHKÍfi. OTei^i-TO JiaH KTO? CaTana. H jio»b caTani 
CBOfiCTBeHHa. 3a hto «e fioatBio cTapymEy kx caTaní paBHaTB? 

— Hy... npocTH, ^to-jih! — cx TpywMx nporoBopnjia EBJíaMnia 
JlBBOBHa, KOTopoft, HecMOTpa Ha jíOJirojiÍTHee EyjiBTHBHpoBanie cmh- 
peHÍa, OHO ynopHo ne A&sajiocB. H cRasaBi axo, ona TOT^acx se 
Bx ;iyraí ^ajia ce64 cjiobo HasepcTaTB 9Ty ycTyoKy. 

— To-TO „npocTH"! H-TO nponi;y, a Focho^b-to npoCTHTBjíH? 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA nojmyxH. 493 

H OHa Me^weHHO Bepnyjiacb ki xaCypeiy, TopmecxByfl noÓ^Ay. 

— Hy ys^ H BUBesemb tu! Kojh tu npocTHmb, lasi neyxTO 
FocnoAB ne npocTHTL? 

IIpHSHBajiRa ocTaBHJia 9x0x1 Bonpoci 6e3i oxBŠxa. 

He nponuo h ntcROJBBHxi uTnuyvby BaBx ona, saÓBiBx bcI 
CBOH o6hau, ROH(]^BAeB^iaJIBHHM'B xoHOifB HaymHHi^i coo6ii^ajia 
CBoefi ÚMTOflíbTejihEBJíík: 

— TeryfflBa, roBopio, rafeaexcfl: oh* aaiaioxx saaxB, qx5 
BH necajiH 6axH)inB'£. 

— Hy H qx5 ae? 

— MojqHTx. ToJiBKo H Bcero. Do^yMafixe, roBOpio, Henocjiy- 
maHÍe-xQ CMepxHBifi vpix-b, a neGJtaroAapHOCXB — ysx 9x0 xanofi 
Tp^XT>j xasofi rpšxi, qxo h HaBBaBÍH eny a^xy. 

— ^x6 ae OHa? 

— TexymKŠy roBopHTB, no rpo6i shshh 6yAy 6jiaroAapHa h 
nocjyniHa a eft bo BceMi, OKponi, roBopnxx, 9xoro. H4xy, ro- 
BopHx^, xaRoro 3aR0Hy, ^xo6u mopb bxo npoMesAy po^Rxeseiix h 
jlHxeB cxanoBHXbCH. 

— Borb BaBi! H rxo efi xaRÍB mucjih Bnymaexi? 

— Kxo? — BBBHsrHyja npHSHBajRa. — Mapea, boxi rxo! 

— noOT xh! y xeófl Mapoa, qx6 y Rypni^H npoco— bo ch* 

CHHTCfl. 

— Hcxhhho roBopH), a BnpOHeMx, Bame axo í^Ijo. 

— CRaaajia 6u efi: ab, rojh po^íHxejib rpimen-b. 

— Heyatxo ate ne CRasajia? FpiraHHRx, roBopio, sejiHRia po;iH- 
xejb xBOfi nepe^i Fochoaomx. 

— H qx6 »e? 

— A ROM, roBOpHrt, rpiraeHx — Focuo^íb ero h cy^H. A mhí, 
roBopHTb, ero cyAHTb ne npnxoAHxcfl, ^a h HHROMy ApyroMy hsi 
JiOAeň, noxoMy CRasano: ne cy^xe, ^a ne cy^HMH Cy^exe. 

— A xu 6u efi o cxpa^aHkxi aAOBUxx... 

— H-h! ^Jb fl BaMx CRaasy-xo!— saraenxaja B^ípyrb npH»H- 
BaiRa. — Yaťb ne SHaio, RaRx h noBxopHXb-xo — rpixx BejiHRÍfi. 

— Hnqero, roBopn. 

— KaRi» fl, cxaao Óuxb, CRas&sa efi, ?xo sa ociymaHÍe bojte 
ea ÓjraroA^xejibHHipi npeACxoaxi efi xepsanifl a^OBu, jia RaRi ycxpa- 
mHja ee reeHHofi ornennofi... 

— Hy? 

— yxMHJibHyjacb OHa 9xaRx CRpos^ cefia Óy^xo, asl h tobo- 
pHxx: H HHRaROfi xaROfi reeHHu ntxy, nanpacHO JioAefi coMyn^aexe... 

— Axx, Fochoah! —BCRpHRHyja nopaseHHaa EBJíaMnÍH JlbBOBna. 
— ^a neysxo xaR^b h CRasasa? 

Tom* y.— OKTjiBPb, 1902. 82/$ 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



494 roOTHHBtB EBPOHIL 

— A TO hítb? H eme npH6aBHja: XpHCTOCB, x^CBaTB, hcej- 
nHJTB rpixH jioACide h ocboÓoaetl q&iOBŠKa Ha bíbh otb a^a. 
Ha TO, MOJix, OHX H MHJOcepAHuň FocnoAB, ^toGh ne Tepsaib 
jiJO]s,eŘ rp^niHux^L, a npooDiaTs hmi. 

— O, Focdoah! — BSAOXHyja Esjaiinifl JlBBOBHa h sasaToia 
rjiasa rx noTOJiBy, a efl co6ecbjí,EEuis^ noBocHjacB na KpacHHfi oia- 
ueEh jaMnaABH h oc^HHJia ce6a BpecTHUMi^ sHaMemeiťB. 

— Fp^niHafl BpoBb efl Česny thuxx po^HTejiefi saroBopRja vb 
Hefi! — npomenTaja EBjraMnia JlbBOBHa. — Po^HTejefi HaBaByexx 
FocnoAB Bx jí,ÍTňZ'b BTb. Bx spoBH dTO y Heň, bx bpobh... Ř xe 
ee He oCeperajia, a jh ee xoT^a cnacTH ea Ayniy? Ahx, eítb, 
flSBa-TO saBpajacb bx aee co j^hh posA^HÍa. Bo rp'&x'l poAHJtacb, 
bo rp^x*! noMpeTx... 

— Hn^ero ne bx spoBH, — BCTynMacb npHSHBajiRa: — OTKy^a 
bx BpoBH, EOSH osa po^HTejTeBx CBOHxx He snajia? Cx B^Tpy 8to, 
HanocHoe, botx qTĎ... HameoTajin efi sto sJíue jmffl. OTOrpí^ 
Bu sii^K) na rpy;^H CBoefi, botx qTĎ... 

— 3to th OQflTB npo Mapey? 

— OoflTs Ke npo Hee. 

— Hy, noAyMafi caMa: OTBy^a Mape'6 Taxie homeicju TaHTB 
BX jí,^urk CBoefi? He epeTH^Ba ona, a 6jiaroqecTHBafl seHn^na. 

— BjraroqecTHBaa? — napacn^Bx nporoBopnjia Ta, — 9to ona- 
TO fijiaroqecTHBafl? — ExH^na ona, botx qTÓ. HacRy^a. Bx aom^-to 
qTb saBOíHTx? 

— Hy, e^^e qid? 

— HsBŠCTHO qTÓ! flsHBx-TO BfleeTX H roBopHTb-TO. Ájescifl 
JlbBOBHqa-TO, — qecTHOfi atHSHH qejOBiaa, — a h Toro bx noEOÍ ne 
oCTaBJífleTx. 

— ÁJieKCífl JlbBOBHqa?! — BCKpHKHyja CTapyxa, niHpoBO pac- 
KpHBx rjiaaa. — En^e Koro npHnjieTemb? 

— npHoaeTaTb mh* neKoro. A TOJíbKO saq^Mx ate ona ro- 
BopHTx ejdy TaKifl cjOBa? 

— Kam? 

— O jik)6bh. BcaBaa TBapb, roBopHTx, jik)6htx. H Focno^b, 
roBopHTX, cBasajix: njtoAHTecb h pasMHOKafiTecb h HacejiafiTe semrH), 
a noTOHy n^Ty, roBopHTx, rp'ixa, bx jik)6bh qejiOB^qecBofi, a Basx 
pa3x Hao(5opoTx. 

— A OHX qTÓ? 

— A OHX, HaTypaabHO, ycx CBoft aaKpyTHJx h KOSbipeMx Ta- 
RHHx H roBopHTX eš: BBi ;^'lBHi^a, H HecoBM']tcTHMO, roBopHTx, mhí; 
xojocTOMy qejiOB-iBy, bx TaKia npenia cx bbmh BCTynaTb, 

— Ofi, Aa TH, BHpaBfly, ne Bpenib je? 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA nojinyTH. 495 

Ha 9Ton piffib npHsuaua HH^yTb ae o($HA&iac&. Ofla tojibbo 
CMMsiwh paBHO^yniHmrB tojocoitb CKasaia: 

— He cofiTH MHŠ CB dioro Mtcra, bojih Bpy, ÓJiaroxtTaiBHHi^a. 

— Xopomo... Grynafi Teneps. ^a npHm^H mhí MapycR), bojih 
He no^AHO. 

— ^eTO no8AHO-To? HaBÍpHO Ch MapeymBot no yrjiaici jiach 

TOUTB... 

— A ht5 csasajia npo Mapey — pasdepy. 

— HcTHHBO pasÓepH, (SjaroAtTejBHBi^a; pasoópaxb cji'6AyerB. 
IIpHSHBajiBa Bunuay a ciapyza ocTajacB oxHa. Bx foíeob^ ea 

saaononiHJHCb mucjih. AieBcaH^py GxyjiOBy, tojbro-^to BEimeAmyia 
OTB Hefl, oii^yerB HaBasaxB: fioibso HeaoqTHxejiBHa cxaja h Aaxe 
Aepssa. Mapey cjibfi,yerb AonpocHXb^ itomerb h ecxs ;^0Jifl npaBxu 
vh HaB^xax^B CxyjOBofi. 9xo Bce nycxoe. 06'Ihxi npnsHBajORB oea 
eByMtexi noAXAHyxs, a híxx, xasB soxopyio-HHÓyAB h „BucxaBHxs" 
H8X AOMy: nyn^afi CHBCBHBaoTB ce&í npoQHTaHie, r^i xoxaxb. 05^- 
HXB pasoMB OHa He „BucxaBHxi^ — 6aibB0 ysB npHBusjía rb hxb 
o6n^ecxBy, xoxb oh*! h sHByxi BavB Bomsa cb coČaRoft... Ho Borb 
^t6 xbsdLTb ch MapbeB? Ona h 6en HaB'lxOB'b bhahxb, qxo bi 
AyuA A^BqoHBH Ha^HHaexcfl ^xo-xo nenoxoÓHoe. H oxByxa axo 
Bsfljocb? XoAHXB ona ne^aibnaff, Aft yrpioMaa h 6yAxo nucjib BaByio 
xaHXB. HojioiBHiťb, Becejofi Aa pa^ocxHofi ona ee HEBor^a h ne 
BH^aia. Ho npes^e na JiHi^t ea ona ^Hxaja sasoe-xo xynoe paeHO- 
xynrie h en^e 6ojAe xynyio noBopnocxb cyxBÓi. A xenepb ne xo, 
xajeBO He xo... H qyBCXByexx ona, Baai jBepxea ea BOcnHxaeía 
yCBOJibsaex^ hsb eň pyBí, h bbbb i^apcxBy ea npexoAHxx BOHenii. 
A xyrb en^e Hssicxie o npi'63A^ MypoMCBaro. Bohxca ona ero 
nyn^e Bcero. TaBB, boxb, BOSbuexB epexHsi HHCxyH) Ayniy ea nje- 
MflHBHi^Ei h HHspHHexB ee BO a^B. Gb nero xnaxHXB. A efi qx6? 
?xó efi AaJiacb Mapyca? H ona cana ne snaerb, ntb oxB'lxHXb 
Ha oxoxB BonpocB. Ho qyBCXByexi, saBi y nea bch Aynia nepe- 
Bopa^HBaexcfl npH mbicjh, ?xo Mapyca MoaexB „coBpaxHXbca^, a 
coBpaxHBfflHCb — yĚ^exB hsi-ho^b ea BjracxH, a Moaexi h hsb-hoab 
ea BpoBa. 9xoro ona AonycxHXb He mosoxb. Ofla iipHBEiBJía bi& 
flefi sa ABaAAaxb jAťh. ^eaxi^axb ji^tt^ — mhofo BpeMeHH! H eft 
BcnoBfHHaexcfl 6^aeb,&, noBHHyxaa A^BoqBa, aoxopyio ona npHHflja 
Wh CBoB AOMB H BB xeqeHÍe xoJiriixi Jiirh BocnHxueaja ee, BaB% 
yiťbia. Ona npHBUBja bb nefi, npHBHsajacb, cna^aja bbbb bb 
Heo<$xoAHMOMy A-M Hea npe^Mexy. Ooxomb qxo-xo nocxopoHHee, 
6oji^e BJiacxHoe, 6ojše CHJibHoe, bodijio bb ea Ayniy, ne sHaBmyio 
HHBaBHXB cepAeqHHXB npHBflsaHHOCxett. H BOXB xeaepb, bb Bonniy 
xaawaxaro ro^a, ona noj[K)6HJia axy XHxyio, sa^yM^aByio A^Bymay 

82* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



496 BftcrrHHKE EBPonu. 

€0 Bcefi CTpacTBK) — cypoBOK) H xojOAHOD, — Ha BOTopyK) Óum cno- 
coÓHa. CepAi^e cxapofi jiíbeu saroBopuo, Basi MOrio h yirkio^ xota 
ona CHHTaja sa rpixx cosHaTbCH ce&b bi 9tomi. H xeneps jm- 
mHTBCA MapycH? Tenepb OT^^aTb ee ciapoiiy rpiniHHBy, 6e86os- 
HHBy, ypasBpaTHHBy"? HHBorAa! Oaa ÓjjífiTb ÓopoxBCfl h nocMOTpHrb^ 
Hhň CTopoHa B03bMerB Bepxx. Ho h Bor^a efi upejífiT&BJuuLOCh, saKi 
Mapycfl jfl^erB otb nea, h Tor^a ona bca xoaoA&ia h roBopaia 
ce(5Í: „Hy hto si? npaBJíflHy etl oGohxi!^ — h uoauckemuib, naH- 
6ojFbe ycxpamaioiityK) ^o^ujjiy 8Toro npcsjATÍa, otb BOToparo 
caMa coAporajacb, Borxa nacTynajH cyiiepKH. 



VIL 

6^ BOBCHart pasxajHCB THxie, MflrBÍe inarH. Grapyxa Bs^por- 
Hyja H o^HyjiacB orb cbohx^l Me^raHÍfi. 

IlepeAi Hefi cxoflja Mapy ca. 

3x0 ÓujiSL HŽxHafl, xpynnaa ^^ByniBa, Boxopofi HHBaRx HaibSfl 
6iLio Aaxb jsfidkjsjsfiLTR jAtl] oea Basaiack ropasxo MOJiose; na zmsib 
efl) saMŠHaxejíBHofi Bpacoxu, jesaji oxneqaxosi saBoro-xo xaseiaro 
flymeBHaro reexa. Bo Bcefi ea ^Hrypsi 6uao ^xo-xo nepBHoe, 
xpeBOSHoe, BSBOJHOBannoe. Ofla nacxo B8AparHB&ia, bsbi Óyxxo 
npHCjymHBaacb bi qeny-xo, efi OAHOfi BH^^MOicy h ciimiHMOMy. 
SaAyMHHBue h rpycxHue rjasa ea Bcer^a (5yAxo BCMaxpHBaiHCb b*l 
^^asB, Aft^nie xoro, 9x6 oea BH^ija nepexx coÓok), h, Basajiocb, fb 
axofi HeacHofi, xyifasHoft a^Jh oea yraAUB&sa xoti cbšxi, boto- 
paro HCBaja Ayma ea, Ópo^HBinaa b% OBpysaBniHX'b ee noxensaxi, 
nojHuxi ycxpamaioiitHXii 66pa80Bi, xasejux'b yrposi h eejišmixi 
BomMapoKE. 

Oea noAonua B'b xexBi h noA^JiOBajia efi pyny. 

— Bh MeHa 3BaJiH, xexa? — xhxo cnpocHJia oea, h bx ea rojoci 
sasBy^ajH eepaHua hoxbh. 

TexBa HeMeAJeHHo apanaja cypoBufi bhax. 

— 3Baia, — BopoxBO h cyxo oxBixHja oaa h sanojiHajia. 
Mapyca noxynHja rjasa, BaBx dxo A^jiaJia acer^a bx* npHcyx* 

cxbíh xexBH, cypoBaro BsrjaAa Boxopofi oea (SoajiacB Cb A^xcTBa 
H AO CHxi nopi ee iforja nepenocHXb. 

— CaAHCb, — CBasajia naBonei^x Esjíannia JlbBOBHa. — E^e ee 
(MHHiBOifb nosAHO, H MU MoxeMi noÓed^AOBaxb. jI^asHO ysx mu ee 
roBopHJiH Cb xo6ofi, — ynepaa na noaiÍAHÍa cjOBa, AOCBasaia oea.— 
Mapba! — B^pyrb BCBpHBHyja oea, BHesanHO 0CBHp^nÍB'b: — Bony a 
roBopK)?! Tu Meea ne cjiyinaerab. O newb xu synaemb? 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA nojraTTH. 497 

A'66yinRa, A^ficTBHresjBHo, sebabi jKadaHHoe efi M^eto na Tft- 
(Jyperfe, HeMe;^jeHHo 8a;íyMajiacb h TaK'B rjiyfíoRO, hto ne cjHxaia 
ciOBi crapyxH. Ho sor^a Ta ee oBpHSHyja, ona as^^poreyja oti 
HeosHAaHHOCTH H cjia<$o BCRpHsayja. 

— Ji Te&b roBopx), mo na jsfi^BO ne Cee^AOBaiH. Tu yKpii- 
BaemBCfl orh mbee. 

Mapycfl MOjqajia. 

— yRpLiBaeniBCfl th otl uenR h-ih Hirb?— CTporo cnpocHJia 
TeTRa. 

— ysptiBaiocb, — THxo OTfi^TEia MapycH h onycTHja rjiasa. 
HHsoMy H HHBorAa ona ae Jiraaa, h Tenepb ne Morjia 6a coarraTB, 
FE ocoóeHHOCTH qyBCTByji Ba ce6'b AonpamsBaioii^ifi h crporiii BsrjflA'^ 
TersH. ^ 

— IIoTOMyP-T-cnpocHja ta, fíesnoKoftHO ABHHyBniHCB bx Epecj*. 

— ň Baeb 6ov>Cb... — poGso npoHSHecjia Mapycfl h BsrjiflHyjia 
na TCTBy. 

— BoHfli&Ofl?.. Meafl? — yAHBHJracb xa. — rpéxx 9to, rp-Sxx 
tfojismofi, Mapycfl. Boatlca mosho tojbbo Bóra. 

no ;iHi^y MapycH CBOJbSHyjro BaBoe*TO neoirpejic^eHHoe Bupa- 
seflie^ HO OHa HH^ero ne OTBŠTEia; OAsaBO TeTsa hhcthhbthbho 
AoraAaiacb, wro x^ByniBa xor&ia efi BospasHib ^to^to. 

— FoBOpH, roBopH, — saBOJEHOBaiaeb EBJíaMnifl JlbBOBHa, — ro- 
BopH wrb xoT&ia cBasaib. 

— Bóra 6oflTbCfl rpixi, — aa^aia Mapyca cbohmi BepBHUifb 
rojiocoiTb. — BoflTbCfl MOSHO TOJibBO Bpara. Bóra aysHo jnoÓHTb, a 

He ÓOBTbCfl. 

EaiaMnifl JlbBOBHa ne iforjia npHATH b^b ce(Sfl orb HsyifjieHifl. 
Jlfl CHXi nop'B HHBOFAa en^e ona ho cnixaia hh OAHoro SByBa 
BoapaseHifl otl JAwpjcE^ h to, ht5 ona Tenepb ycjux&sa, (luio 
AiH Hefl TBB^ HeosHABHHO H, FjraBHoe, HOBO, ^TO OHa cpasy ne 
Hanuiacb, ^t5 otbžthi^, h HOBonao nosaji^a ofo orcyTCTBÍn CBoeft 
rjaBHOtt npHSHBBJíBH. „yxoAHTb orb M6Hfl Mapycfl, bobco yxo- 
XHr&^, npoMejibBuyjo b^b efl miOBt. 

— Mapbfl! — HaBOHeqi, nporoBopnjia OHa, HyBCTBya bi nep- 
BHfi pa8'b b% SH8HH Basyio-TO CTpaHHyH) HeyBipoHHOCTb vb rojioci: — 
BTO Te6^ BHyniHjrb drn mucjib? 

— Hhbto. 

— CaMa, 8Ha«rb, AOxyMaMCb? 

— CaMa. 

— ^abotb dTO Te6fl cMyn^aerb. MoJHTbCfl na^o. HnabTO se 
Be^epOMi^ craab na MOJiBTBy. Jl^ymoio 6ojibaa th, boti it6. Cajiearb 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



498 JS^CTBBKh BBPOniI. 

BparB HejiOB'6HecBÍfiy oxi, BaBi CMeH'By o^naRO FocnoxB-To csjíBH^e 
ero H OAOjrbevb ero. 

— Teifl!— BCKpHKHyjia ^ÍByniKa. — Hhbto Měna He CMyn^aeri. 
A vb TOWby qxo Eora Ha;(0 JooÓBThj ň ne Bfusy rp-Ixa. 

— Axx TH FocnoAH! — BSAOxnyja crapyxa. — Jía Bora-TO bto? — 
cirpocHja OHa, h cana npoAOJiisaja: — Borb ecxB cy^BB, a Bcasara 
cy;ibK) cji^ACTByerb 6oflTbCfl h ero xpeneraTE. Tasí m? Tasí 
saB^B se TH roBopHuiB, iTO ero ee ebao Óobtecb? 

— CyABfl cy^HTi npecTynHHKOBx, — OTBiTHja Mapyca, ne o6pa- 
n^CB npflHO B'B Těmi, a BaB'B 6ti pascys^afl cana cb coóoio h 

OTB'liafl Ha CBOK) MUCJIB. 

— A noqeifB TU SHaemB, tto tu se npecTynna? Eto MOse^B 
CBasBTB QepeAi Focno^OMi, tto npaFB nepe^x JíEupwh ero? Bchstb 
HejioBÍK'B, FB MÍpy sHBvnti, npecTyQHHBi nepex^B Fociioaomi. Oxi, 
MapBB, MHoro, mhofo bb MÍpy co&iasHOBi h jiyBaBofi npejecre. 
Bo rpixi poAHJ[HCB, Bo rptxi noMpeMi. 

— Bon MHJiocepA'B h nocJiajii na seiuno e^niHopo^Haro Cuna 
CBoero, Tro6i HCBymiTB rp'lxH Mipa. 

— TaBx eeysTO s'b Bcb CBBTiie? 

— E^Vby eCTB H rpiniHHRH, TOJBSO rpiXH HX'B HCsyiueHH 

BpecTHOfi CHepTBH) GnacHxejfl. 

3to 6ujio onflTB ao Tasofi CTeneoH hobo xjh ÓJiaro^ecTHBaro 
yxa CTapyxH, ^to oea sa^posaia h 0H'6]fiJia bi oojhoicb Hsynjie- 
híh. Raj^i ona hh nepeÓHpaia vh yu% HHHero ne Morja oafiTH, 

9T06k BOSpaSHTB njeMBHHHIvb Ha BTH CJlOBa. 

— RpoBB, KpoBB OTi^a TBoero He^ecTHBaro roBopHTi bi Te6* 
bto! — HaRonem nanua ona b£ixoa'b. — H OTi^a, h rp'lQiHofi iiaTepH... 

Mapycfl BApyrB sanjraBaja. 

— TeTfl! — ci MOJib(5ofi bi rojioci^ yxepsHBafl csesH, nporo- 
BopHja ona: — cb j^tcbhx^b jťbvh bh mh'& roBopHTO o mohxi poiAH- 

TeJUlXl, ^TO OHH BeJHRÍe rpŠmHHBH. H 8A'6CB aSHBy BaB-B B!B MO- 
HaCTUpi, H H6 8HaK), BaKÍO rp^XB ÓHBBIOrB KB MÍpt. MOZOTB, H 

ecTB TaRÍe rpixH, ^to h MHJOcepjiie Bosie ne uornerb opocTHTB 
HX'B... TeTfl! — crpacTHO BCBpHSHyjra ona: — csaTKHTe meí, bto hoh 

pOAHTeJIH, B!B HeiťB HXX rp^Xl? J^HBIIH H HO^aBfH AptaiO fl o HBXl, 

H 9Ta xyna TepsaerB mh% Ayniy, ne AaerB mhš horoa. CHa^ajia 

fl BBA&ia HXl BO CHŠ, RaR'B OHH CTpaAaiOTl Bl a^y, H HOJIHJaCB 

fl o HHXx ÓesyMHO. H boti Borxa C0HH'lHÍe oaoj&io MeHfl, Bor^a 
GnacHTeJiB mhÍ flBHJCfl oahbsw hohbk), co Bceft CBoefi rpotoctbio 
BO Bsopí, H6 Mory ce6i 6ojiBme npexcTaBHTB aACRaro neRja h 
CTpaniHKX^B My^enifi h ne Mory ce6i npexcraBHTB, htoCu rpotoctb 
GnacHTejfl Mor;ia AonycTHTb My^enifl ajtOBU. Boti, (tb tíx^b caMuxx 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA noJinTTH. 499 

nopi fl H ATMaK) o po^HTejraxi cbohxi... H AynaeTCfl uni, ^lo 

BaBOBH 6U rpiXH HX'b HH ÓLIJIH, CoaCHTeiB AABHO yse npOCTHJTB 

HXE. ÁTby Terfl, Teifl, h bii 6u qpocthjih hxi! H HeysTO MÍpí, 
BOToparo fl He SHaio, CTpamHafl nponacTB, nojHafl Hy^OBRo^i h 
jyEaBOĚ npejrecTH? H HeysTO moh poAHxejH rpimHŽe Bdbx'B npo- 
nxi juDAeft Ba CB^T^? CnasHie mbí o hhx%, Xphctomi Eorom 
npomy BacB... 

Ona ne Morja ROH<iHTb otb AyinHBinHX'b ee cjiesx. 3th cjOBa 
xaBHO HasonHJiHCB vh fleĚ. Oea lyBCTBOBaja, hto paso esh bosaho 
csaseTB wTbj tojbbo se SHajra — sorxa. H botb xenepb ohh BaB'b- 
To caMH co6ofi BEipBajiHCB y Hen, bhpb&shcb bphkoitb Ha6oJÍBmefi 
AymH, HdMyHeHHOfi, bohth HcrepsaeHOfi comh^híamh. 

Ho TeTBa onflTB OBasaiacb coBepmesHo HenoAroTOBjeflHofi b^ 
BTOMy Bonpocy. 

H oiuTB oea MOJi^aia, coÓnpaflCb ci muciamh, mb otbšthtb 
ueMflHHHut Ha Bee 9to. 

— PoABiejiH TBOH, — BHyniHTejibHO H pas^iJíbHO saroBopHja 
Esjamiifl JlBBOBHa, co6paBniHCB Ch AyxoMi, — rptniBue juojs^. 
OreiyB — epexHBi h ótca rtuiHTB cbohhi neqecTieMx. MaiB — i^ap- 
CTBO efi HeÓecBoe, cecrpa mhí po^nafl, o^^naBO xopomaro ne CBasy 
npo nee. Jl^ymy cbok> 3ary6Hja h hma Ao6poe CBoe onosopHJta. 
OxHaBO, BOTB H Bce, 9x5 fl Hory csasaxB xe6i. EojBnie y neHA 
HH^ero ne cnpamHBafi) Bce paBHO HH^ero se ^oÓBemBCS. Ecxb 
Beu^H, BOxopuH xe(5i snaxB pano... 

— Jí yae ne A^BO^Ba, xexfl, mhš ;íBaTOaxb-nepBufi roji^b. H 
fl ne noHHMaia, Bce-xaBH, qx6 sHa^Hxi „Gica xšmHrB'' h „Ayiny 
CBOK) Bary6Hjia". 

TexBa Ha axorB pasx HHnero ne oxBtxa^a Mapyc*. 

— A tcí) snaqHxi, — npo;tojiKajra xa, wcxo no-A'feTCEH: — „jy- 
Basafl npejiecxB*'? KaBÍe b% MÍp*! co^JiasBu, Bjesyn^e Jiio^eĚ Ha 
norH6ejrB? 

— Ox^B, Mapycfl, mhofo xu snaxB xoqemB h paHo OAOJ['&ao 
xe6fl jnoÓOHHxexBO... Boxi, bm'Icxo xoro, qxoóu ci Mapeymefi no 
yrjaiTB menxaxBCfl, noroBopHja 6u co CxyjiOBoft BO^;^a, — ona xe64 
Bce dTO H HasojBHJia 6u. 

— He JLíoóJK) ff AjeBcaB^pii BacHJiBeBHBi, — npocxo oxBixHjia 
Mapycfi. — He JiejKErB bi nefi Moe cepwe, xexa. 

— A BOTB yiBi 8X0 H Hoxopofflo. AieBcaHjtpa— Apyrx Hamero 
AOMa H seHopna no^xHxeJiBHafl. A xu mhš xcbi h ho CBasaja, 
Tr6 TBi pOABxejiiD CBoeMy nHcajra? — BjtpyrB sa^aia ona BonpocB 
Mapycš, vh ynop'B rjA^fl na nee. 

J[^BymBa cBOH^ysHwiacB h onycxHja oasa. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



500 B^CTHHKX EBPOim. 

— TeTH, He cnpamHBafixe. HHqero ^ypnoro a eny ee oHcaia. 
vfl xoTÍJia eMy HanoMHHTb, ^to y nero ecTb ]í,om>... 

npH aTHxi cjioBax^ r^asa ea CTpaHHO saÓJiecT^JiH h rojoci 
AporHyji. 

— Kx qeny? Bi aoitb h ero, Bce paBHO, He nymy. Th b4j(s, 
HeÓocfc, npocHJia ero npitxaTb? 

MapycH M0.i4ajia. 

TeiBa, co6paBinHCk cl fl,yxoMi> h ne cnycRaa ci jojieMflHHHi^Ei 
rjasi^ BHymHTejikHO h oxqexJiHBO ciajia roBopHTb efi: 

— Cjiymafi, Mapba. Ot-b iohocth tboga a BocnHxajia TeÓa... 
BcH) mmEb npo^Hjia oahhokoS, bch) js,ymY nojiosHJia bx Te6a. ^y- 
Majia^ Tbi BbipocTemb, Óy^eiub uni jih)6hmoS h noRopnofi AonepBK). 
Bce, ht5 y Měna ecTb, AyMaja, Te64 ocTasjío. HeKorAa o po^HTe- 
jiaxi Te6i He roBopHJia, noTOMy qio naib TBoa yiiepja, a OTi^a 
y Te6a hštb. 3anoMHH aio. Orei^-B tboA — Bparb XpeciOBi, spán* 
jioACKofi. BoTb TH lenepb— BorbTe6a BHaexx OTKyAa nonaÓpajiacB 
TjeTBopHaro pa3cy;i(By h xo^enib cboh) ciapyio xeiBy npoM^HHTB 
Ha OTi^a. Oxi, qyerb Moe cepíne, cofijiasHHTi ohx xeČa, noryÓHTB. 
H qyerb en^e Moe cepAue, hto He cxpannib mhš Te(5a otb Bpara 
jiK)Taro. BoT-B lefiš Mofi cobítb: CTynafi b-b MOHacTupb— xaMx oh-b 
leóa ne AOCTaHeix. BopBexca ohi cío^a, saMyTHxx tbok) flymy— 
no3AHO 6yAexi». A yň^enib xh otl Měna ci hhmx — npoKiaHy Bacx 
cxpaniHiiMi npoKjaxieMx. 

— TexyniKa! — BCKpHKHyja Mapyca, Bs^pornyBi. 

— H ne fíyjíexx xeĎš cep^e^Haro hokoio hh b-b cefi »h8hh, 
HH Bx Óy^yn^eň, h ne Cy^exi* xe(54 y^ann vb xbohxx 3eMHEix'B 
cxpaHCXBÍaxi.. 

— TexeHbKa!.. 

— Hy, ne Cy^y, ne óy^y... He nyrafica. Bh^t. y Měna cypo- 
BUŘ, ' a cepAuie Ao6poe, oxxo^^HBoe. JlacBOBuxi cjiobi roBopHXB ne 
yMÍie, — H mhí-xo hxi HHKxone roBopHJi, — a qyBcxBOBaxb Aa»e oqeHB 
Mory. A xbi — 6oHnibca. 06haho mh4 bxo, onenb oChaho. Hy, xa 
Bon CB xoóoft. DocJitAHee Moe cjiobo CKasajia xe64, a xaM'B — 
cana pascyrn^afi. 

— TexeHbKa, a Bawb oqeHb fijiaroAapHa sa bch) Bamy jacsy, 
H sa aK)6oBb, H sa none^eHÍe... HH^ero npoxHBx BacB y Měna hítb 
na Ayni* h HH^ero xaKoro a ne mhcjik). Mhí 6bi xojbKO poAHxeja 
yBHAaxb... Bei AyMaexe, a-ih nero? Ecjh ohi BnpaB^y rptniHHKi, a 
nocxapaiocb ero o6paxHXb. 3a Many a eseHon^HO MOJiiocb, noxoMy 
Hxo ea Aynia oxosBana BoroMX, a Moatexi, oxna mhí Bofb homo- 
aexx o6paxHXb na HCXHHHHfi nyxb. A BÍ^b Focno^B 6oJiše pa^yeTca 
OAHOMy pacKaaBHieMyca rpímHHEy, hími AecaxH npaBeAHHKaMi... 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



flA nojiiiyTH. 501 

— Hy, ;í'šja8, htó SHaeniL, h CBoe Bce caasana. 
IIoi^'kioBaFB cyxyK) pyny TerKH, Mapyea raxoft nocTyoBio, ko- 

TopyK) osa npíoop^a bx aroM^ nojiy-MoeamecKOifB aomí, BKnua 

HCl KOMHaTtl. 

Cjhiubumi 5jih8RO OTi ABepeĚ BCTp^THJia OHa OryjOBy, hto<$ii 
He C0MH'&BaTBCfl, MTO Ta noACjryniHBaja. 

IIpHaKHBajKa HauoHHJiacb Kb eefi TaBi 6jih8BO, ito Aiixanie 
ea KacajocB u^eiTB ^'i^ByinBH. Mapycí noBaBaJOCs, htp 0T^ Ciy- 
jOBOft nauo boakoA, h ona HeBOJBHo oTraaxHyjiaCb. 

— Bce JIH (íitaronojyqHO? — BKpaAHHBiiMx raoúOTOMx cnpocHJia 
MapycK) npHSHBajsa.— He pascTpoMacB jih TeryniKa? 

— OcTaBbxe Meefl, — MarKo OTB*THja eft ^ŠBymKa, HecMOipn 
Ha Bce OTBpamenie, KOTopoe ona nyBCTBOBaia kx CiyjiOBofl. 

Mapycfl mjia, noHFSHyBí fojiobok). 

Ee Bcer^a nyrajia CBoeotípasHafl jih)6obb TeTM, jiiofioBb, BOTopaa 
HUBor^a He naxoAHJia ^Jia nea jiacBOBtixi cjobi, a tojisko o;^hh 
HpaBoyieBifl h nacraBjíeHiH. Ho cero^^HH, Ror^a b^ saBJíioqHTeJib- 
EUTb CJiOBaxi EBjíaiiniH JIlbobhii ona no^iyBCTBOBajia cepAe^nue 
OTBByBH ea CTpaHHofi jhoÓbh, efl B^pyra cjii^euioch evofi cípamníe. 
HoHeicy? Ona ;iyMajia renepL o6i aToiii, ho ne CByiťJ^jia ce6^ 

OTB^THTB. Bl rOJIOCi TeiRH OHa DO^yBCTBOBaJia CTOJIbBO HeBEicsa- 

saHHOft jh)6bh, a iies^y tšmi ea cep^i^e iioji^ajio h ona CMyrao 
cosnaBajia, hto AynieBHHXi cBaseR MeaB^y eio h loft, BOTopaa sa- 
M^BHJia efi MaiB — ne cymecTByerL. Ona Bcer^a cosnaBajia — ci rtxx 
csMUTh nopi, BaBi crajia pascysj^aTB— cboh o6a3aHHOCTH no otho- 
meHÍK) B'b lenKb, CBofi ;^ojirB nepe^^B neio, Bcer^a qyBCTBOBajia vh 
Hefi (jiaroAapHocTB. Ho 9to Óujio codHanie xo^ra, cosHaflie pas- 
cyAOHHoe, TeopernqecBoe. TenepB aBjajica BaBoS-TO hobhA cep^en- 
Hiifi ]íf>xny yiLiaTa jh)5opeh) ea jk)6obb, a luraTHTB-TO efi 6ujlo 
He^iťB, noTOMy ^to cepAi^e ea ynopno Mojraajio. Ona ne yif&ia 
pasoÓpaTBca bo bcomi STowh h tojibbo ^BCTBOBajia BaByio-TO rasecTB 
BTB rojiOB^ H BaHOBB Ha Ajurb. 

B% ea BOMHaxi CHA^a Mapeyma. 

Mapyca efi o^enB o(5paAOBaiacB, xasi BaBi tojbbo cb Hefi h 
Morjia M^HaiBca MucjiaMH. ne onacaacB Óbitb npe^annofi. 

Mapeyina ÓiiJia TaBott se npHSHBaJiBOfi, BaBi h CryjOBa, ho 
c^HTaiacB jierBOMMCJreHHofi. Mapeyma 6uJia „ÓJaropo^naa" A^BHii^a; 
axo XBopancBoe npoHCxoisAeHie, BOTopiiMi ona o^enB ropAHJiacB, 
611J10 npH^HHOfi aHTaroHHSHa, sHBnraro MeacAy Heio h GtyjiOBOfi. 
„S. cjramBOiTB diiaropoAHa, ^to6ii noAHHnaTBca xaMBi**, — roBopHJia 
OHa Mapyci. A CryjiOBa, seaa ea cjia6ocTB, nep^Aso HSA^BaiacB 
HaAi Hero: „wó sa hoctb, bojtb nenero 4ctb". 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



502 B%CTHHR'B BBPOnH. 

Mapeyma 6iiJia BOCTopseHHafl MeHTaTejBHHi^k h bi pa8roBopax'B 
CB Mapycefi jrioÓHia Ch yBjeqeHÍeiťB pascRasuBaTB efi o vb^h jy- 
BaBiixi npeJiecTflrB Mipa, ROTopufl OHa, Mapeyma, othk>ab He ea- 
TOjíflJi& jiyRaBUMH H BOTopufl OHa BSB^Aajia, nKor^a qanama shbi 
6uji% R caysHii Ha xopomeirB Micrb^. 

Bi dMaHCflnaiÚH MapycH ea pascBasu x^fiCTBfrreJibHO Hrpajra 
HeMajyH) pojTB, h rjaBHSMi oópasoMi Ty, ^to npiyqHjH ee cjy- 
maTb rpšxoBHUfl seniH, o BoropincB npes^e sanyranHafl x^BymKa 
He TOJBBO OTBasBiBajacB roBopHTB, HO xase 6ofljacB noxyícaTB. 

Ror^a Mapycfl Bonua fb BOMHaTy, Mapeyma copBajiacB ch 
M'lcTa, Óucrpo noxfi&iULia b% ABepn, BurjiflHyjia bi sopHAopi h, 
yGiXHBmHCB, HTO Tam hrbopo hítb, opHTBopnja Asepb. 



vm. 

— PyraiHCs? — monoTOMi cnpocHJia Mapeyma. 
Mapycfl yAHBHJiacB. 

-^ KaBi pyraJHCB, bto pyraiHCB? — cnpocHja oea. 

— TeTyraBa Bama pyrajHCB, — cnpamHBaio. 

— Hítb; cobcími HanpoTHBx. Axi, Mapeyma, TSTymsa iieHfl 
oqeHb jnoÓHrB... TOJBBO fl 6oiocb ea STofi jh)6bh, h ona roBopHn, 
qro ÓOHTbCfl ee rpixx, ^to Hy«HO 6oflTbCfl TOJbBO Bóra. 

— %5 ero 6oflTbCfl-TO? Óh-b — MHJOcepAHft. 

— Borb H fl efi Tose roBopio. Ob BToro h nom^o. 

— npo naneHbBy cnpamHBajH? 

— GnpamHBaia. TojbBo h eti HH^ero ne CBasajia. J(a ttó h 
roBopHTb-TO? O ?eMi, roBopHrb, nHcaia? A a h caMa HesnaH), o 
qeifi. ToFAa Ayma Ha6oj['&ia, cep^e sanyqHJiocb, a h HanHC&sa. 
H He noMHfo yxi ^Td... opocHJia npiixaTb. Smíwl? CaMa ne 
snaiD. ]ífi H He upvbjífiTh ob%... 

— KaBB 8T0 He ^pi4;^e^b? Ki poAHofi ao^bí-to, xft ^to6u 
ee npiixajiB! ^aft, h y hhxi cepwe-TO lejOB^^be. Sb^pb, h totx 

CBOe AHTfl JlíOÓETh. 

— fl-TO ero jik)6jh); botb, TOCsyerB no neirb cep^i^e, bo chš 
ero BHsy, xotb FbflBb HRBor^a h ne BH^aja. A botb ohi-to Hena? 
3a f;RSLjifsfi,Tb'TO ňivb hh pasy ne bchomhhji^... 

-^ A Moserb h BcnoMHnaji, Aft o^CToaTejbCTBa Óujlb Heaox- 
xoAan^ia. Borb h Tenepb, bojh cBaseTe TeTymB'b, ito npHraamaiH, 
OH^ nepexi ero nocoirb ABepH npHXJonHyrb. 

— H TO, roBopHTb, ne Aonyníy. A bojh, roBopHTX, ht6, to 
H npoBjaHy. H ero, SHaHHTx, h nena. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA no-niyTH. 503 

— Afi, CTpacTB BaRÍJi! Tbjí% HeysTO CRasajiH hmi, hto npH- 
rjamaiH? 

— HHiero, Mapeyma, ne CKasajia; caiia, bhaho, Aora^aiaob. 

— AxTH, (5*wi Basaii! 

— YaiťB TH HaiťB ycipofi, Mapeyraa, hto6h bha^tech, b% 
ciyui qero... 

— KaRi ee ycTpoHTB, ÓapuniHfl. H bí^b jio^jh) sacB. ň 
Xo6pafl. He CryjOBa b^ab fl. PecRy-TO mhofo, a tojebro HH^ero 
ne noA^aemB! He Bce o CBoeS mRypi AynaTB. 

— ^o6pafl TH, Mapeyma... — cb rpyciBio b-b rojioci CRasajia 
Mapycfl,— a botb ne xoneniB CRasaTB ue% ^t5 h xeófl npomy. 

— 9to o poAHTejflxi-To? ^a bíab RaR-B cRasaiB-TO, ro-iyfíyniRa 
MOfl ropBRas? Gjiuzajia a, to^ho, hxi Hcropjuo. A b^ab rto snaeTB, — 
M03KeTB, jiiOAH H jiFyrB. A ORpoMA TOFO H TBTeHbRa Bama EBJaMnifl 
jBB(»Ba. Eorxa 2 nocTynaia cioAa, 6hUío eaifi o(5'BflBJieHo: rto, 
AecRaTB, Aft 6apiiniH^ paseue ciyxH h poscRasHH o ea po^HTeJiAn 
nepefloCHTB óy^erB, Tony ne sHTBe fb aom%... wb o^mwh uoubetl 
H noBopoTB OTh BopoTB. Bh TCTeHBRy BHaeTe: no B^Tpy cjiOBa 
nyn^aTB ne jh)<$htb; y nefi it6 sa jm% to h ea jiibjíi. A a bíab, 
Óapiinraa, TATyjEapearo coB^THHRa ao^b, b% upneiyrH mhí nocry- 
nHTB HeBOBMOSHO, paÓoxaTB HHqero ne nory, noTOMy qTO 6jiaro- 
poAHaro npoHCxosAeHÍA h nanama na xopomeiťB míct^ ciyaRHJii. 
H noTOHy nory Ch rojoxy noMepeTB^ rojih esejiH TeieHBRa npo- 
Touavb. H 6e3i Toro CTyjOBa noARantisaeTCfl noA'B neHfl Hsx-sa 
BacB Bce, HTO Apys^fi Meen a&Phto. Sjnon^afl b^ab ona 6a6a, 
peBHHBan, h cep^i^e-TO y nefi CBapjHBoe. H HyBCTByio, hto ne 
cxo(5poBaTB mhí, — RaRi nHTB A^TB, nporoHflTB, a Bce ne TaRi en^e 
CKopo. Mnoraro jHmeHa a no CBoefi Ó^ahocth. Boti, aHrej['B mo&, 
acHBfl TenepB b'b TeTymRHHOHi crporoMi aomí, ne Mory hochtb 
rojiyóiixi ujiaTBeBi. A b% Mipy-T0 a hxb nocH^a, yiRi o^obb 
XHŠ rojiy6oft i^bítb-to vb jieuy. OnfiTB se h bii TeaTpax'B ÓHBaaa. 
KaRi^ xopomo-To! ^y^eca. A TenepB boti TBTenBRa roBopím: 
„jyRaBafl npejecTB^. HHHRaROft JnyRasoft npejiecTH H']&Ty. OnflTbse 
„6ÍcoBCRoe HaBosAenie". A RaRoe se 6icoBCRoe HaBOSA^HÍe? Oaho 
fijaropoAHoe ncRyccTBO. Tani^H, n-fenie, npiíiTHHe pasroBopa nys- 
CTBaxx— *H ÓojiBme nn^ero. H Bce TaRi» BOSBiinieHno, HyBCTBHTejn>- 
HOCTH pasHHfl, asx eiesa npomnÓaeTB h bi ^ynii dTaRÍfl xopomia 
vyBCTBa... TojiBRO, paAH Bóra, anrej^ moB, bu ToreoBRt btofo 
xoero UE^BÍň ne nepe^anafiTe... H npo rojy6ofi i^b^ti ne roBO- 
pHTe. A ^Td AypHOro bi rojiyÓOMi i^B'lTt-TO? BuBaao, npn nanam']^ 
Bcb RaBajiepH roBopaTi: „oÓBoposHTejBHH bh bi ro.Ty6oirB, RaRi 
ecTB Mewa". 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



504 B^CTHHirB EBPOnH. 

He pasi cjiLimajia Mapyca dTH HanBHsie pascKasu MapeymH, 
H OHH CMyn^ajH ea Ayniy. Mipi npeACiaBjífljcfl efi bi CB^TJioiťb, 
npHBjeRaTeJibHOMT) bha%. Yselt^ o^hhi rojy^ofi ufiibTh Rasi-TO CTpaHHO 
ee BoiHOBajii. BoRpyrb ce6a ona BH^^a tojibbo neqaju>HBie cipBie 
H nepHHe qBÍTá. FojiyÓoft ufiirT> Chíjvh qB^TOMi He6a, Toro ^ajie- 
Baro He6a, na BOTopoMi shjix EorB, h, oiiAOBaxejibHO, ^tď se 
6uj[o Bi dTOMx i^bítí rpiniHaro h co6jia8HHTeiBHaro? Mes^y 
rbM's> oaa SHaja, ^to Mapeymy, ea nepsím ase noparB efl Bcry- 
njenifl bi aom%, nocraBHJH „aa dobjiobii'' sa to, ^to ona ocmÍ- 
jHjacB BH-iecTH Bt BOJioca rojryfíyio jieHTO^Ky. Botb b% learpars 

;i;OJISHO ÓEITB TOHHO rpŠXa MHOrO, h60 TaMX rOBOpHTB o JíiajífiBMXh 

qyBCTBax'B. H onaTb xe ifysuBa cb'ItcriCh h Tanii^ii. MyduBH ona 
HHROFAa He cjisixajra, RpoMŠ i^epROBHaro nŠHia, a TaHi^eBi mt- 
Kor^a ne BH^ana. Ho eciHóii oea Be Óoajiacb TeiKH, to neape- 
MŠBHO nomja 6u b^ xeaTpi, ]i,o Toro ee pasmHraiH MapoymflHBi 
pascRasH. Ho xeneps ee HHxepecoBajo toíibko o^ho: b'l newh rpi^xi 
ea poAHTejrefl, h cero;iHfl ona ;tajia ce6% cjiobo— bo ^tó 6m to hh 
CTaio AO^HTbCfl orb MapeymH paspimeHia dTofi HSMyqiiBiBefi ee 
TaflHu. Mapeyma snaeTi 9Ty Tafley, h aa^o ee bhb^aatb orb sea. 

— Mapeyma, — BaaBx ee aa pyny, eica8a:!ia Mapy ca npocHTeiib- 

HlIBl'b rOJOCOMX. 

— 9t5, aHreji MOfi? 

— Tu b'Iab MHoro MH^ pasocasuBaja o cb^tcboIí shshh, jifl,? 

— Mhofo, 6apiiQiHa. 

— XoTb paai, xoTb oahh^ TOJibKO pasHKx npejajia a xeóa 
TexeHbBŠ HJH HÍrb? 

— FpíinTO CKasaTb, — hh pasy. 

— Hy, Borb BHAHmb. Ci qero se tei Bsajia mhí ho B'&pHTb? 

— JI,a a BaMi B^pro, Mapba OejíopoBna. 

— A BOJiH Bi^pHiob, TaBi csasH npo poAHTe^efi! 

— CTpaniHO, Mapba Ge^opoBna, — Borb CTpamno, ^a h sce 
Tyrb. PacBpoH) porb, a bx cepTOy-io Tasí h no^BaTMBaerx, TaBx 
H ooABaTUBaerb, h Aynia Tpenen^erb BaB% OBeqifi XBOcrb. 

— HojiHO re&b. Hy, B03bMH cb Měna BiaTBy. Xoxb h BejHBÍfi 
9T0 rp^xi, a ^Tb &% ^í^aTb, bojth Haa^e aejbsa. 

— PasBi qTO BJiaTBy... — pas^yM^aao npoHBHecja Mapeyma. 

— Oft, aírb, HO aaío, ne Ha^o! — sítpyrb cnoxBaTH^acb OHa. 
— rpíxi Bi;^b BTO. H xaBi CBasyl — p4niHJiacb oaa. — ít5 xBa 
rp^bxa aa ^yray-TO (Jpaxb, ^a h Apyroro, ÓedBHaaaro ^ejOB^sa bx 
rp^brb BBOAHTb. A to^bo a Maoraro-To h ae saaio, — npocxo npH- 
6nBEM oaa.— A h to, ht6 BHaio, Hosexi, apaBH. Majo ^a ^rb 
Jíiojífl Apyrb npo Apyra njeTyrb! 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA noiayTtf. 505 

— ^a roBopH HTÓ SHaemb. 

— Bóra! — coÓpaBiDHCB cb Ayxom, HaBOHei^-B npoHSHecjia Map- 
eyma. — DaneHbBa sanix ^seHiiJiHCb Ha MaMeHbR']^. A MaifeHLRa Bama 
npHxoAHJiacB cecrpoft teieuh^b. 

— 9to fl 8HaK); jifiohme ^Th? 

— He Mimafire, a ora na^aja. ^HHsniHCb na MaMeHbRŽ, 
poAKiHCb BH. He^ojiro ooshjh ohh BiťlcTŠ. MaiieHbKa — i^apcTBO 
eň He6eeHoe h xa npocTHTb ee rocno^b, BceMoryn^ifi Bore — hokh- 
HyjH Bací h naneHbsy. 

— Sa^iMi se OHa flacrb nosHHyja? 

— BjooÓHBmHCb. BnoÓH^acb, sHa^Hra, Óeai naMATH, Óesi 
yj^epsy, bi* o<|)iii^epa. Bro 6EiBaera; h Ha Teaxpaxi Aase dTO npex- 
craBJífliora. xy^ftercfl uni, no Moeny pascysA^HÍio, hto h rp^a 
Tyra HHKaRoro ocofiesnaro B^Ty, — pasB^ tojbro chmuř MajieHBsifi... 
noTOMy 6ciH6bi rpixi Ówn^ oco6eHHiifi, hjh (kubmoK, to nojiRisía 
He AOSBOJiHJia 6h 8to ny&saqHO na ci^eHi npexcTaBJATb h nepe;ťB 
nyfijHsofi CBOH qyBCTBa AORasuBaib... 

— FoBopH, Mapeyma, roBopn, ^^b 6hjo Aajbme? — cb CTpacT- 
HEiifb jiK><k>niiTCTBOMx sameDTaja Mapycfl. 

— A A&unie no ae? O^Hi^epi ne to pasjuofiarb ee, ne to 
OHa ero; jtonoA^HHHO aTo HeHSB^CTHO, a TOJbEO yC^auura ona erb 
asTepoMi. CBasEiB&sH e^e, hw caica na cii^eHy nocTynnjra, asTpH- 
cofi CA^a<xacb, Aft ne RaBofi-HHÓyxb, a canofi qTÓ hh ea ecTb nep- 
Bofi Aa xopomefi. 

— Ppixi-TO sasofi! — ooflTb npomeDTaja Mapy ca. 

— H onflTb ae HHBaRoro rpixa niTy, — ropn^o BOspasHja 
Mapeyraa.— 9to Bce b-b eameMi crporoMi aomš „rpixx wrpixi"! 
A vh csibrb 8to coBcbwb ji^HJBje ne rptmeo; ecrb, CRasuBajiH, Aaae 
RHflFHHH, BOTi^biH Blb aBTpHCbi HoniJH, a BHflSbeBi H o^eHb Aase 
MHoro. 

— ?T0 se, Mapeyma, BCflBÍfi ceón norepaTb Mosera! 

— Hy, ysi BHH3b-T0 ne norepnerb ce6fl... a esejiH BjsfiTT> ua 
ci^eHy — sHa^HTTB, TaKi cit^yera no ero BHyTpeHHHMi HyBCTBanii, a 
esOjiH OTB ero qyBCTBHTejibHuxx cjobi nyČjHBa n^a^erb, a cb 
xaMaMH ofiHopoBH — BHa^HTi, OHI Ajmj TporaoTB, a néniTO dTO 
rp4x'B?.. 

— ysB H ne 3Haio, htó cRasaTB Te&b na bto... Ho ^tó se 
noTom 6EIJ0 cb... MaMoň? 

— A Bora ys'B hotomi, He^ero CRasaTB, BBímejix rpixx. Koh- 

HHJia-TO OHa CKBepHO... 

— Kiuei se, saRx se? 

— ^a, roBopaTB, OTpaBHjacb. 



Digitized by V:iOOQIC 



506 roOTHHBl KBPOnU. 

Mapycfl cjia(5o BcspHBeyja h OTmaiHyjacs. 

— OrpaBHjracb? — nporoBopHja osa nepespeciEBinHCB. — Fo- 
cnoAH, npocTH et 9toti» xjiaKsifi rp']^xi!.. 

00*]^ saMOii^ajH. Mapycfl AO^ro ne iiorjia onpaBHTbca orb hciih- 
Tanearo BneqaTjiHÍfl. QpHAfl b'b ceóa, ona enpocua Mapeymy: 

— Ho KaKi 8T0 npoH3oiiLao? Orqero ona oipaBHjacb? 

— BoTB ysi dToro, aHrej'B iiofi, ne SHaio. IIpaBAa, ne sHaio. 
He TO aBTepx ee pasjíioÓHJB, ne to shtí> CTajo ne^iwb — ne sHaio... 

— A OTei^-B? — cobcímx thxo cnpocHja ^ítBymaa, KaKi 6u 
6oňCh ycJBixaTb en^e 9T0-HH6yAB 6ojiie yaiacHoe. 

— Borb ya* ^to KacaeTCfl po^HTejfl Bamero, — TyrB ?flJivo HaflO 
pascRasuBaTB. Om> CTyACHTCsifi y^HTejib Ósiii bi AyxoBHofi asaj^e- 

MÍH HJ[H CeMHHapÍH, He 3BaK). Hy H yHMX 0H% HXX 4^aJIBniHB0y 

npoTHBT) B'£pB[, sHaHHTi. GHa^aJia-TO 6ujii ohi Cjaro^ecreHi* h 
6oTOuojieu,T,, a noTOMi> HeHSBtcTHO, ^TÓ cb HHMx CA']&jaiocb, — craji 

OHI HX'b y^HTb HeBtpÍH) H fioronpoTHBHMMx BeH^aiTL. 

— RasHiťb? 

— ]ífl ys'L, opaBO, ne ynoHHH)... A tojebeo Kor^a Maneabsa 
Bama ero noBHHy^H, ohi bi ojsecTOHenÍH HyscTBi, na^o nojiaraTb, 
BOBce muiBEJLi* FocnoAy Bory h Hannca^x snery bx BOCXB&ieHÍe 
AÍaBOJia H arrejOBi ero. 

— Oii, Focno^H! — coAporeyjracb Mapyca. 

— Hy, H BOTT> ero HsrHajH h3x Poccíh, a BHHry ero TOpesi 
najala cosfjih nyfijiHqHO na DJion^a^H. 

dxorb pa3CBa3i npoHSBejiii, bx y^HB^enÍK) caifofi MapycH, 
MeHbmee na nee Bne?aTj[ÍHÍe, qtni paacBasi o MaTepa. 

— TaBx BaB^B ae oh-b BepeeTCfl Tenepb? — ea^ajia Mapycfl. 

— A eny, cjbiinuo, npocTHjíH, h owl noBaflJCfl bi cbohx'b sa- 
tíjyaAGHiflxi. jlREjn> oh-b dojito b-b nyatHxx Bpaaxi, sy h CTaio 
eny tasojio, h saxoT-kaocB po;(HyK) seujiio yBOA^TB. Eny h CBasajin: 
nosaficB. Ohi h noBasjícfl: npoEJHHaH), roBopHTB, Bce npomjoe h 
OTpHuaiocfl AiaBOJia h bcíxi a'6ji'b ero. Bopb dxo-TO a h npoqjia b% 
rasexaxi, ^to H3B']&CTH0My yqenoMy MypoMCBOify pasp^meHO aiHTB 
Bi Poccíh... TaMi h HassaHÍe ropová ctoajo, bi BOxopoMi ohi 
nposHsajii B'B 6acypMaHCB0&-T0 seMji... Tojbbo boti xenepB h sa- 
ÓujíBi. nposBaHÍe, a Torj^a, hto6u ne safiBiTB ero a^peci BaifB esa- 
saTB; fl na ^ynasBy ero sanHcaja. Tojibbo bu, aarejHB Mofi, ne ro- 
BopHxe TeTeHBBÍ-To, ^To H TafiBOMi rascTu HHTaio. B^ raseri h na- 
SBaHÍe ero cossennoíi BOHrn cxoajo. H ciEimajia a eo^e, qTO Óy^ro 
OHX yate npiíxajx, a tojibeo CEptinaerca ott> BJiacTefi. 

— CEpuBaoTca? SaqÍMi ate eMy CBpHBaTBca, ese-iH, tu tobo- 
pHmB, OMy pa3p'&niHJiH BepnyTbca? 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA nojnyTH. 507 

— A ysi dxoro a ne 3aaiD. Moaserx, cobíctb saroBopHja, h 
CTHAHO jnojíflwh Bi rjasa rjiflA'i&TB. Cjifiiniasa e M6JbBox'b, 6yAT0 
Ajesc^ft JlbBOBHTb 6L7JIH y aero caMOXHHHO, h ^o HamiH ero :b'b 
npesHeMi^ coctoahíh safijysAeHÍfl, h hto y nero na jihic^ ecTb hí- 
saa neHMh caTaHHHCRofi rop^ocxH. 

— EasÍH cxpacTH tu pascRasiiBaemB, Mapeyma! — Ba^uporayB^, 
iipomenraja Mapycfl. 

— H caMoĚ CTpaniHO, Ha ho^b-to vjaffi. A toibeo, MoserB, 
Bce 3T0 rjynocTH, h HHqero eraro nfoy, — Bj^pyra HeoaiHAaHHO h 
npocTO npHÓaBHja ona. 

^'^BynisH B8AporHy.(H: na nopori, n lapeiEofi ifo^eHuzi 
sÓAOKowb Bi pyBaxi, CTOflJia dyjOBa; jhe^o ea 6ujo spacno, h 
najieHBKÍe, exH^nne cipiie rjassH efl. Cucípo „omnioHHjrH^ roBO- 

pHBniHXl. 

— HmB, HcnysajiHCB! — cmíscb, nporoBopejia ona. 

FoioeB en cpsiBaJCA, asiibx nyT&scfl h ona (uerBa nosanHEa- 
jacB. OHeBH^Ho, ona 6£i^a uBAHa, ht6 na btotb pasx 3aM'&THjra 
onpaBHBmaacfl yme Mapyca, BOTopaa paHBme Bcer^a san^Hu^aja ee 
nepeA'B MapeymeS otb ea Hana^eHÍfi. 

— EojTH 6u Ao6pii0 A^a opoHea^AT BacB Óujh, ne co^por- 
HyjHCB 6h cepwa Bamn... — CBasajia CryjiOBa. — IIpeACTaHB, Mapea, 
nepeA'B ÍjaroAÍTejBHHiíeň, nepe^i ea ohh, h ^epate otbít-b npa- 
BexHHfi. Ejsfl vb reenny crHennyH), r^i xeCi yroxoBaHx oroHB 

B^^HBlfi... 

— FoBopH TOíKOMi, ht6 Te(54 Ha^o? — npo6opMOTajia uoÓJiijír 
H^BHiafl Mapeyma. 

— TojiKOMi H roBopio: CTynafi kb CjaroAÍTejiBHHirife, — ipeCyera. 



IX. 

EcjihCbi rpflHyjii rpoMi b% axofi MajieHBBOfi BOMHaTsi, Map- 
eyma 6u Menie HcnyrajiacB, qiiťB npH HSBŠexiH^ npHHecenHOirB 
efi crapmell npHSHBajBOĚ. 

„BoTB OHo! — MejBEajo Bx ea raaoBi:— HanaHaeTCa! ^oÓHjacB- 
TasH CBoero, noraHBa... Kyxa a lenepB A'ÍHycB, Tfljb, opHEJiOHio 
CBOK) ro;iOBy"?.. H csesu saÓJiecT^jra na ea oasaxi. Ho na^o 
6ujio HATH. OHa AftBHO 3Haja no onmiy, hto MeA^HTB npn hchoj- 
nenÍH npHBasaHÍfi xeTeHBBH 6ujlo neBOSMosHO. Ona Bcxajia, noi^']^- 
jiOBajia MapycH) h, Basi 6u npeA^yscraya 6ojrBmoe necHacTBe, npo- 
roBopHJra: 

— npon^afiTe, aHreJi'B mož! He noManafiTe jraxoifB, rojth htó... 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



508 raCTHHSl EBPOHH. 

— SflaeTi RomRa, ne maco CB&ia! — nponiHa^a efi Baijt^ 
dyjOBa, HO OTsixa otx nepenyraHHoň MapeymH ne nojynHxa. 

MapycH, CABHflyBí 6poBH, ofl^^a b% ynopi na npHSHBadRy^ 
Bce eme CTOflBmyio y jí^epeŘ. CiyjiOBa, Katti 6a6a cefii na ynš, 
HecMOTpfl na bch) cboh) orpaeHqeHHOCT^ OTaHuo noHHMajia BsaHM- 
Hua oTHoineHifl oĎHTaTejieft „cíporaro Aona". Jlyqrae ^á&Mi kto- 
JiHÓo ona SHajia, hto cypoBan EBjíaMnifl JIsBOBHa jmÓnTh iHxyio 
MapycH), H HTO ecJiH KorAa-HH6yju> Ój^fiTh nocTaBjeHa bi Heo6- 
xo;^MOCTB BEi6HpaTb MeďCAy njeMAHHHi^efi h OBpyaKatontiiMH ee npH- 
SHBajKaMH, TO 0B% upHSHBajiBH, „ nojexATB ^ , a Mapycfl ocraHercfl. 
BoTB noneMy CryjiOBa pa6cBH-^oqTHTeJ[BHO oxHOCHjiacb sx A^BymK^, 
H ecjiH, no CBoeň aioSí npHpoA'^^; h A^ajia efi „naKOCTH*', to 
Bcer^a Bnocji'lACTBÍH y^BOOBHofi ^ecTsio h npHHHseHHOCxbK) cxa- 
paiacL saoaAHTb ^ypHoe BneqaxjiŠHie. IIpaB^a, oea ne o^eHb b 
qepeMOHH.iacB Cb Mapycefi, h xota BasuBajia ee ,xHxiň aerej^' 
H „BpoxBan OBeqRa^, ho bi js^jmi CHHxajia ee „nojyAypBefi^. 

TenepB HeBŠpHuuH maraMH uojs,omjiBk ona bi bco emfi tjul- 
A^Bmefi Ha nee Mapyd h npHJiosHwiacs kl ea njeuBy. 

— %5 rja^HHiB na Mens, BpacaBHi^a? 3jiafl, jiyMaemt, Aje- 
BcaH;i(pa. Ahx AjieBcanApa ne aiafl... A bojh esejiH hx5, xaBi 
;^fl Te6fl se jiibrniOj moh Bpoxsafl OBe^sa. Abh necL B^pnufi, 
jlBopoBufi, cxepery. Cíšcxi b-I;^ xetífl noranafl A'^BBa Mapeymsa. 
Ilpona^enik xu cb Heio, npflMO bi qejiocTB ABflBOjy yroAHmB. H 
cnaBBaexi xe6fl CMpa^HuS, a naBfB-xo cb xexenbBoS HH^ero se 
ocxanexcfl. ^;^'S, mojii, Mapy ca, nanix xHxiň anreji^? Ahx MapycH- 
TO yaeťB h HŠxy. Tk)-xío Mapyca! Bi ropnoMi a;íOBOM'B sa cbobo- 
poAB*! jsapHxca. TB4)y, xB^y, cx HaMH Bpecxsaa CH^a! 

H Bcerjía npn bxhxi íyAHHHXx joÓsaBiaxx Mapyca ÓpesrjHBO 
B3AparHBa;ia, BaB'B ox^ npHBOCHOBeBÍa sa6Bi; h Bcer^a npH ea 
. myxoBCBHXx cJioBOHSjiaHÍflrB, opeACxaBJíaBniHx^B cu^bch jiHi^eiflpÍH, 
HCB-feacecxBa h hs^íbeh, ee Bopofiaio h nepe^epraBajio. Ho cero^Ha 
cjyiHJiocB H^qxo ocofíeHHoe. „ThxíK aHreJi" npocxo pascBHpš- 
n'|ji'B. Bi nepsBiň pasi b'b shshh Mapyca noqyBCXBOBaJia bx rpy^H 
EHnyqyio aioóy h bx nepBEiii pasi bi acHSHH ona nona^ia, ?t6 
SHa^Hxi HenasHCXB h npespiaie bi Hej[OB'&By. 

Ona saApojBaja cb hopb ao tojobu. BnHBmHCB rjasaMH vh 
HeHaBHCxHyfo efi a^OHn^HHy, npepuBaioniHMCa orh BOJmeHia, xpHa- 
jojwh rojocoMi OHa BHBpHBHyjia efi: 

— IIpo^B! He CMÍfixe Měna iporaxB! IIoAJiaa, ^o;^JIaa aeH- 



Ona sajHJiacB cjiesaMH. 3xo 6iiJio xaB-B HeosH^anHO, hto Cxy- 
jiOBa pacxepajracB. J^McxBHxejiBHO, nepexoffB oxx BpoxocxH b-b 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA noinyTH. 509 

&io6t 6ujLi> Tasí B&iHKL BT> Ma,pydk h oSuKHOBeeHO Ao6pue rjiasa 
ea CBepKasH xaKHini oroHBsaMH HeaaBHCTH, ^to xpyciMsofi npH- 
xoBíunA 6ujL0 nevo Hcnyrai&CH. 

— Vlmh lu, HmB Ts! — óopMoiaJia oea HerpesBUMi. fojiocomx, 
BiixoAfl H3'L ABepefi. 

Ho kry^ee lyBCTBO JiH>6oiiuTeTBa o^ojŽBajio ee. Ona SHaia, 
iTO Bi BexpeeBom bha% onacHO mRaaiiearBCA nepeA'^ rposHQA 
o^H „iipaBHTaiEHiii[H^, H Bcer^a Tn^aiejEHO H36']&rasa dToro. Ho 
ceroAHfl OHa ho xorjia coBjraAarB cb co6ofi. RaRi! CyAflTo^ ea cy- 
npoTHBHHity, efl conepHHi](y, ea BeHaBHCTHirqy — h ona ho 6jjífiTb 
npHcyTCTBOBaTB npH btomx? 3to 6ujío Bume ea cui. IIoaTOMy 
OHa noniJia b% cbok) KOMHaTy, DocraBHja ea komoí^i xapejiBy, Ha- 
jfljia Bi craBaHi boaut^ HaBanajia xy^a b^rojibko Banejis eama- 
Tiipnaro cnepry, ROToputt, cb paspi^meHÍfl EBJíaMnÍH J[BB<^i>aH, no- 
sy najia jtAJm 3y(5H0Ě 6ojiH^, BanHja BOAy h noseBaia uicROJbBO 
sepHunieBi sapenaro so4>e. OnpaBHBmHCB h 0Tpe8BÍB'B, oaa oTnpa- 
BHiacb Bi BOMHaTy ftiaro^^^i^TejiBHHmi. 

TaiTB mejn> xonpocb. 

XoTfl EBjaMnia JltBOBHa h ofi^n^ajia npoHSBecTH cjiijs^cnBie o 
F0CTyiiBax'B MapeymH »y»6", hto osHanajio bx ea yciarB „Kor^a- 
HHÓyAB^ HiLH „Basi-HHÓyAb^, HO cero^Ha ona pascipoHjacb, h eei 
He KiOHHJO BO CHy. HHCHHyaiÚH GiyjOBofi, noroMi pa3roBop'B cb 
Mapycefi pasornajiH oóu^nyio KpeuoTjy BOTopaa ee Bcer^a oaoj']^ 
saia FB 3T0 BpeMa. Ona h Booóniie HRKor^a ne Mor^a sacHyTB 
6631 Toro^ ^To6ii GryjiOBa ne no^iHiajia efi na ho^b qero-HH6yxB 
óosecTBOBHaro. Ona HHiaja xaBHHi rjyxHifx h mohotohhumi ro- 
jocoMi B xaBi HenonaTHO, hto cxapyxa HeMe;^ieHHO BacHoaja. 
^yxB JIH He 9X0X1 c^iacxjHBufi xaJianrB qxHi^i h 6uji% npH4H- 
HOft Toro, Hxo npHasHBajiEa B3ajia xasyio CHJiy b'b aom^ h co6- 
CTBeHHO A^pacaja Esjaiiniio JlBBOBHy bi noAHHHeHÍH. Besi nea 
erapyxa HHBasi ne Morjia oóoSxhcb, xoxa A^ajiHCB nonuxBH, bi 
jpm onajBi na CxyjiOBy, Bor^a ona ne AonycRa.iacB nepe^x o?h 
ÓJiaroxixejBHHi^Bí, saiíÍHHXB ee Mapeymefi h ^a^e Mapycefi. Ho 
Bor^a owb hhx&sh, cxapyxy ofiasaxejiBHO iiy^H^a 6e3COHHm^a. Map- 
eynra ^urrajia ÓofiBO h sbohbo, h 6o»ecxBeHHoe ^xenie ooxoahjio y 
Hea na rasexnoe. Cxapyxa sjHJiacB, pasApaasajiacB, ocxaHaBJHBajia 
ee H DonpaBjajia. RoHenno, 9to pasBJíeBajio ee h pasronajio 
H 6031 xoro Henpo^Hyio ;tpeMOTy. „IloMHJiyň, MaxB, — Bopqaaa 
OHa, — TH xaBi opemB, hxo MepxBaro pa86y;^H^IB! ^;^* yai xyxi 
sacHyxB! Cjiobho iepnxoHCBaa xpy6a xpyCaniB. Cxynafl yax. Cana 
nonpo6yK) sacnyxB... a xo npHmjH bo mhí MapycK)''. 

Ho H Mapyca ne iiorjia yro^HXB eň. ToJoirB MapycH Apo- 

ToMi v.— Okthbpb, 1902. SS/e 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



510 nCTHHBS EBPOHU. 

sBJí^y Bx iporaTejiBHUxi H'&pTax!B OHE BCXjflouBaaa, h BOo6ii(e ea 
HepBHoe ^Teaie tojbro pascxpanBaio EsjaimiE) JbBOBHy h Haro- 
Hfljio Ha nee BaKOfi-TO cípaxx. „Tohbo no noBoflHHsy nraeiiib, 
— roBopua OHa, — piu^HÍe y Tetia fb raioci... Crynafi, otxoxhh, 
Aa nosoBH RO uwb xy'... 

EEiaiinifl JlbBOBHa HHJBorAa ne aasuBaja no ^aiiHiiH' nas no 
HMeHH T^xi jiHi^i, na koto^xi onajifljacb. DpHXOXH^ia Topse- 
CTByion^afl CryjoBa, CMH^acb bx Horaxi spoBara na BsaeHbsofi 
csaMeeiK^ h HannHaja cbohiix sarpoGaHMi rojocoiťB ^lenie. Cra- 
pyxa HopeBx xpE-neTupe MHHyxa Bna^aia b% sa^tiXBe h MHpoo 
sacunajia ao yxpa. Ror^a a:e Hacxynajni yse nojEOSHTeabHO 6e3- 
coHHEiH B01H, — a OH*! HacxynajH b% noci^AHee apena Bce nan^e n 
qan^e h npeHifyn^ecxBeHHO xor^a, Bor^a bi xeneme aha mhopo 
6ujio xpeBOJHeHÍffi h pascxpoiicxBi, — xo h ye^uioe Třeme CxyjOBOĚ 
He Morjio noMoqb EsjaMnÍH JIbbobh^. Gxapyxa Bcer^a snajia h 
npeAHyBCXBOBaja HacxynjeHÍe xaBHxi ho^^ h ci xpenexoMi nx% 
osHAajra. Bi xasHxi eiyiaaxx Cxyjoaa oófisana ÓiLsa npocnsa- 
Baxi> HO^H y BpoBaxH 6jiaroA^xejBHHi^H. Ho^b xflHyaacB A^HHHaa, 
xocBJEHBafl, 6e3ROHeqHaa. FoBopnxB o&bnwb (rmpyxaiirB 6ujio ee- 
Hero, H OB*! xojbro caerRa h Ch (k)JBniHMH npoMesyxRaMH nepe* 
pyrHB&iHCB. 

„BeacoBHaa hohb ceroAna Óy^exi", — bxow b% BOMaaxy, noAy- 
Majia CxyjiOBa h ocxaHOBJBjacB na nopori, cjaAOCxpacxeo CMaRya 
RapxHHy Aonpoca cb npHCxpacxieMi, Roxopufi Esjíaitma JIbbobhe 
HHHHja HaA'B npoBHHHBmefica Mapeymefi. 



X. 

Mapeyma Bcer^a xepajia canoofijiaAaHie bx npHcyxcxBÍH EBjaii- 
nÍH JIbbobbu, h ^acxo ao xaRofi cxenenH, qxo cnocofina 6iua na^ 
roBapHBaxB na ce6a ,xo, qero h hg fiujio. 

Ona cxoflja xenepB nepeAx „rposHHMi cyABefi", onycxHBi 
rjiasa h pyRH a oxBŠHaa sanjiexafo^HMca bbbiromi ea Bonpocii. 

— roBopH, HeÓJiaroAapHaa Aynia,— cnpaniHBaaa ee Ea^iaMnia 
JlBBOBHa: — noHxo xu njeMaHeai^y hok) CMyo^aemB? Sa^im cynpo- 
xHBi Mesa HacxpaHBaeniB? Jl^oniJio ao Meaa, 9x0 matíRO xu ocm£- 
JHJiacB a asuRi cboU noraHuň pacnycxa^a. 

— OÓAUsEiEO 9X0, 6jiaroA'3^xejiBHai^a, bhabxi Bofb, oójnis^o, — 
aajienexajia npecxynaai^a. 

— MoJiqa! — cypoBO oSopBaia ee EejiaMnia JlBBoaaa. — FoBopa 
no nopaA^y- y^HJia xh ee Meaa ae cjymaxBca? 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



BA OOIOTTH. 511 

— Bbahti j^orby ue yuja, bo» hto6% mhí..- 

— KaKE »e ne yma, — npepBaia ee CTyjwBa,— kojh ese.iii 
a eaiia ciiímajia: „croB^ j^BaTb, aa CBoexiy bh^fo ofla Te6t 
cx^axB Be CMosen", fijiarox^TeAHBiía, To-ecn... 

— FpiniBO Bani npaao, AjiescaHApa BacHirBOBHa, apas^a 
rpimHo! — cyeTJBBO saroBopajia Mapeyina: — iLuenjexe bh aa MeBfl 
ee B^CTb qid. 

— A Til se cyScfl, bojib se eflpamBBafDnl — cp^sa^a Ciy- 
j(tty EBjajfflifl JlBBOBBa; — u&, ee xyse leďa cnpocBTb yií^io. Fo- 
Bopfl^a TU STB eiOBa, ajH eítl? — oÓpaTHjacb oBa si Mapeym^b. 

— FoBopaia, dio touo, xojibico b'b xpyrom cmeicjí BOBce... 
— saTopoHBJíacb Mapeyoia^ p^mBrenso ae noMBa, roBopoja jb 
oaa sorj^a aTB cJiOBa, ejib E^vh. — EBaraMoia JUBOBaa! ;(03B0JibTe 
o&bACBBTb: Mapbfl Oe^opoBsa AJ^ttcTBBTeAHo roBopajB, ^to Óobtca 
Ba», a a mwh xoaasuBaja, ^to Aotfparo ^ejioBiaa, a aaana^e 
CBoero áMTOA^Teja, EWh ŮMThCíi ae eii^y^Ti.,. Botb ít6 a ro- 
BopBja, dTO AMcTBBTeibflO) a Óoiie a aa^ero ae roBopHia... 

— Bojie BB^ero ae roBopajia!— nepeApaaaaja ee CTyjOBa. — 
A BiiBBHe o ea poAaTejax'^ ae roBopaja?. A o TeaTpax'B ae roBO* 
pajia, Aft o BeflBBX'B no3opaD^axi»? 

Mapeyma y6ÍAHJacB, ^to ee Boxcjiymaia. Gepffifi ea ny^B- 
TettBO saóaaocb, a oaa a<nyajia, ^to aa drorb pasi efi ae caacTacB. 
J9(a2e EBjaaaifl JlbBOBBa ae (XSopaajta aa dxorb pa8'b xoBOcqai](y 
a aojraa, ao^xasi ryóu a CABBayB^L 6poBB, osBAua OTBÍTa. Tor^a 
Mi^peyaia ao^yBCTBOBajia, Basi ^to-to saBanaeri wh ea rpy^a, 
saKB raŠFb OBja^^saerb eio a yaaHToacaerB bck) ea po6ocTb. Bce 
pa]|flO, efi TepflTb Teoepb ae^ero^ u6o Bce norepaBO, a oaa (5e3CO- 
daaTeibao pimaja saD^aa^aTbea ;^o aoc^ij^efi aanja rpobb. Ee 
erapaiOTca aory(HiTb, — xopomo se, oaa Tose dpocan vh jimsfl CBoefi 
ofiBaBBTejbBBi^i TasyK) „mTyBy^, otb soTopoA Tofi ae aosj^opOBBToa* 

— A HTO rpa4)Bfla aBTepBaMfl AiiaioTCfl — ae roBopajia? — apo- 
AOJauma CTyjOBa „yaflqTosaTb" Mapeymy. — A ^to b*b stomi ^ase 
B rpixa aaaaB^K^o a^&Ty — ae roBopaia? 

EBjaMaia jlbBOBea cypoBO MOJiu^a h s^ft^a npBsaaaiB. Ho 
Tasí BaKi Mapeyaia orb BOJiaeaia ae Mooa saroBopaTb cpasy, to 
oaa apasasajia efi apaTBo: 

— OiBiíafi! 

— 3to Bce BaBTB Cb Bbflay nosasajiocb, — a^pyrb, saceepsaBi 
raaaaHB, oápaauuicb B'b GryjiOBOfi, OT^euBso aporoBopaja Mapeyma. 
— Meabme 6u boabh spaia, — Aposa Teaepb orb ;(yniBBniaro ee 
raŠBa, apoAOJisajra oaa, — Meabme 6u b nepeaiiHAOCb... 

JIbii^o GxyjOBOfi apa 8tomi BeosHAaaBOM'b aaaaxeBia aepeRO- 

S8* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



512 MOTHHB% BBPOim. 

CHJOCb H nosejeHŠJO. Ona HCTepH^HO BSBHaniyja h cj^slxr ;^ 
mara k% Mapeymi. 

— Axi tu!.. — saBOHHJia ona, ne noiiHfl ee6fl e uorepttBi> BCflsoe 
npeAcra&ieHie o wbcrb, fa^ HaiOAHjacs. — Ai% tu... b,x% thI.. 

— Jífi BH, TOfi, H TenepB iibíhbi... — cí> xojoxHOfi 8j[o6ofi npo- 
roBopHJia Mapeyma. 

EBjaiinifl JlbBOBea BHmja hsi naccHBHaro cocToania. 

— ÁJiescaHApa! — cxasaia ona TaK'B vbcKOy hto OryjOBa qiasy 
onaMflTOB&sacK. — Eiíie cjobo, h a becb ceroAHfl se cto^H), cíh> 

MHHyTy BHrOHH) RS^B AOMy... 

JI^Ba Bpara ctohjih xpyrs npoTHB-L xpyra b% HepimHreji&Hiixs 
nosax^B, sacTHrHyme ptmeHÍeMi EBJíainiiH JI&bobhii. 

— TaK'B TEi BarE savB! — saroBopHJia HaxoBeq^ 6jaroAi^Tej6- 
HHua, ofipaniiaflCb vb Mapei^.-~Bon tu Baidfl BeincH bx xomí pas- 
CBasuBaemb! PasBpaTi bhochiiib! TeTBy n nMuauEnnfilL ccopana! 
CTapniHMi xepsHmbl Hy, botb Tefit iioe cjiobo. IIpÍR>THja a reóH 
H o6orp'&ia; Rpaniy Te6^j Óesj^oumoHj jí,m2L^ sycoRi Te6i npexoera- 
BHJia. OrE^acB Tti h o6orp'kmcb b^ uoewh jípui xa na mohx'^ 
xjr66ax'B, TaB'B Tenepb uber OTtiiiaroxapHTB xoctoBho Bsxynaia! 
3mM tbi, a ne x^BBa! 

— BjiaroxiTejibHHAa!.. 

— Mojhh! a eme ÓJiaropoxHOft x^BHitefl c^Rraembci! Hsi-sa 
ÓJiaropoxcTBa TBoero a h csajtuacb Bax'B To6ofi... 

— EBjaMnifl JlbBOBHa!.. 

— Moji^h! a Bi CBoeifB CTporoirB jiflwb a se noTepuK) btoto. 
Jí^^jísA 7t6 xo^emB, a bi> Moeirs jífluík H^Ty le&b bojh OesoOpasHH- 
qaTL H xpyrHxi, uenoBHHHux'B JiiOA^fi B-B CBofi pasBpaTi coBpaiqaT]^.. 

— EBJíaMnia JIbb... 

— MojqR! H botb Te&b rpH xRfl- nepBHfi ea c6opy, Bropoft 
Ha npÍRCKaHÍe npHCTaHHn^a h Tperifi aa yxox^B... 

— J[9L Ryxa se a x'bRycB, EsjíaMoia JlbBOBHa! — Bxpyn sapH- 
xajia Mapeyma. 

— Mojiíh! Kyxa x^ReraBca — ne SHaio. }lfi, h He iioe 9to x^o. 
B'B aBTepBH erynatt; 6%ca tíihrtb... 

— Hrkofo y Měna na Bcem CB^rb H^ry, oxRHOicaa a h 
CRpaa...— RjiaKajia Ta. 

— H Ha BuxoAi* Te61^, na nepBoe BpeMa, sna^RTB, naTnaxi^&TB 
pyCjreB. A ooocia 8Toro, nro6u a RMeHR TBoero ne CJHmajia h 
xyxy TBoero ne no^yaJia! — cb aiRMoificBRiťB cnoROficTBÍeirB npo- 
XoiauLia EB^aMoia JÍBBOBHa. — A TafiBOMi bi xobtb npRxemB, — vh 
nojmufjo npenpoBOsy. Crynafi! 

— EBjaHnia JlBBOBHa!.. ^osBOJiBTe xojioshtb! — Hanaja-Óujo 
Mapeyma. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA DOJnyTH. 513 

— Orynafl! Cx BoroMi. 

Mapeyma noBepayjiacb h, maTaflCB^ ABHHyjacE b^ Asepn. IIpo- 
xoxfl MHMO CTyjOBofi, OHa ocTaBOBH^acB, sacBepsaja ea aee rja- 
saiiH H iLiH)Hyja efi B'b jihi^o, orqexjfflBO bhfobophbi o^ho csobo: 

— Dowaa! 

— Orb noAJioft ciumy, — OTB^TMa dyjOBa. 

Mapeyma, ne upmÓMuwb ÓojBine hh cioBa, BHmia hsi BOMHaTu. 

EBjaiinifl jlBBOBHa oROHqaTeabHo pascrpoHJiacb. FposHaa, 6es- 
coHflaa HOHB ayraia ee< 3a oaho yse osa xor&ia npBiCTpyHHTB h 
OryjoBy, npoiHBi BOTopoS y nea bc^a& ocraBaJic^ rppbi^ oca- 

AOB'b nOCJli BCŠXl dTHXl CI^eHl, BOTOpiIfl, BaB^B OHa OTJIHqHO CO- 

SHaBaja, noposAaJHCB BcerAa 3jio6Hoft npHasHBajBofi n 6ujíe wl 
€fl pyBaxx h8f6cthumh bosiipamh jí^jle Hrpu na HacrpoenÍH 5jtaro- 
xtTeAHHau. Ho EájiaiftiH ijUBoBna B5-B^tfg y;ieps&sacB — 6e8- 
coHHaa HO^B nyraia ee lenepb óomne q^Mi otfuRHOBeHHO CBoeio 
TOMHTeiBHOfi ÓesBOHe^HOCTBio, cBoefi MyqHTeiBHOfl nycTOToft. Ciy- 
XOBY oaacHO 6iuo TporaTB bi TaBÍa MHHyTBi; ona ohatb sarierB 
.yiojiTB^) a ecjH h ne yfi^erB, to HannerB ^OBasHBaTB, vro orop- 
^enifl ortfHJiH y nea oaicaTB h ona nepesatfiija scb csasBH. H 
Torjiia Cb ynpflM0& senniiHHofi HHqero ne 'noA'i&jaeniB. 

— JLÍry, — ycTa2[tiM'B vojLOcowb nporoBopHja EBJíaMnia JlBBOBHa, 
— BaMyqKiH... H snaio, cnaiB b^^ab ne Cy^y. Bsaa nanacTB-Tol 
HeÓocB, AOBO^iBHa? - capocHja ona npHAHBajiBy, yBjaAUBaacB cnaTB 
H Bpaxffl. 

— ^'biĚ% 8T0, (SjiaroiAÍTejiBHHqa? 

:— KaB'B MBy — QpaBAHHBl V^bfM M^A TeÓB. 

— KaBofi xaBofi npaaAEHB^B? 

— MapeyTBy*TO npernaia. IIonepeBfB ropjut oaa y tbÓa croajia. 
-^ HmÚfo He nonepeKB rop^a^ Mbí Hěmro ne Bce paBHO? 

— Hy, (Syj^eTB, Óy^era, AjeBcasApa! — npBMHpflTe.««H]ťB to- 
M(Ba esaBaja cxapyxa. — jlyqme ca^HCB-BO jia pascsasi hto-hh- 
BB6yAB noMHfiiiaTejBBie. Bee pasHO, xo yxpa ae saeflyTB. Pas- 
CTpoHJH Měna sa a^hb. 

- . CryjoM xoTÍaa-(Saio nojiOMarBca, aaroBopHTB o cia^^ofi na- 
uam B o qBORxi) Beiiomaxi, ho BÍHBpeiia BcaouHHxa, ^to ao- 
BCiXHTfr xi» xfHtfiHocrei ciapyxy onaoio, js» a Ha cenoxHaiSLHifi xeHB 

noaíeoiiy obí. ihmbopho yc^aa, noxpyer&ia aaiBqaBH, norep^a 
jtííí&hy Banopn^iiacB 8ai|K>6BUB'B roxoeoicB na^aia saByio-TO 
ABnyio etasay. 

Bajiep. Cb^tjíob-b. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA 30JI0THX1 nPmCKAXL 



Vh 



K)ffiHOB AMEPHÉ* 



no XHHHHlfb BOOnOMHHÁHIáMl *). 



IV. 

ďpme, sryHÍe jyqH cojiHaa, npoHHdBiBaa cboah b^hho aaieHaro 
j['6ca, npoHHBajiH bi cyMpaB'B t£hh h naTBaiiH soiOToro CFbTa jio- 
SHJHCb Ha seMJiH). JltcB noAHHnaicfl seJieH^ion^HMH erinaMH no 
ycTjnaiťB npoTAHyBniHxcfl rop'B, sasmiafl rpynnaiiH ^epesBeai h 
BeceiímfR poo^aMH noRaTUH djiocrocta, uexfj xoropiiifH cb^tjAje 
sejieBHH jysaftRH, b^b ÓAecníb coiai^a h Hapflxi obítori. Ho vbwh 
Bume, TŠH'B 8TH jysafiBH x^ajTHCb ptoe; ^acTO pocryn^ú A^peBbH 
npexcraBJífljm HenpoxoABMyio ^an^y, h dotom^, bcxoai BceBtime b 
BHme no BHCOTaH'^, ^epnofi, jioxanHOfi J!iHHÍe& pncoBaiHCb BepmHHH 
ropi na rojiy^OMi 4>oh^ neiSa. 

y no;(Bosifl Top%, no nee^anolt Jion^Hni, tfisajTB py^et, bbbh- 
Baacb MesAy rju6aHH KaMneS n BycTaim oJteanjq^OBi, soTopue 

CRJlOBHXMh naAI^ BHM% CBOHMH I^B^Tyn](HMH RpaCHO-pOBOBHMH Bep*> 

mneaMH, to^ho oxpanfla ero ot'b sHofinaro CB'&Ta. 3a pyq^eirB ne- 
CTOHafl J[0^^lHa p^so R^miajiacB: seienEifl paraHnn^ odate bo3bbi- 
maflCB, nepexoxH.ra b% xoiifu. MflrBHini, njiaBBiixH JHHimn nm 
Hx^ OTJioríe CRaxHy h A&ieBO na 6jÍAHO-rojy6oM'B ^ni ropiaosra 



*) Cm. BHioe: ceHT., crp. 181. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA SOJOTBXl nPIHOKAX'b. 515 

pHCOBajBCB Ez% BepniHHii. AjjreH inuairB to bcxoahjih na zojmiy 
TO cnycsaJiHCb bx aojhhu, h HecBOHqaeMafl nojoca etl CTBOioB^Ly 
iHj(ijflBiinxcfl qepTonaMH noA^B naBicoirB eipo-saieHaro noBpoBa 
cjHBnmzcfl BepmBHiy TepuacB kb tíhe yn^ejiifi. 

THmHHofi vbojio OTh 8T0ft Ceasto^HoS nycTUHH ci» efl saMan- 

^HBOft ;(aB»H> MfiJIEWh H XODIOB^B y nOAHOOdfl STHX^B rOpB. C!OHHElfi 

H SHOĚHiifi BOBAyxT, 6esT> Majišftniaro B^Tepsa iuh SByBa, ozBaTsi- 
BaxB Aymy hhphhmi b flCHuiťB HacTpoeeieiťB. 

Ha oxHOifB 1181 OTBOCOBi ropu, n^aBea cnycsaBÍneiíCB vb jeo- 
i^HHy, xepeBBfl oďpasoBaiH nojryspyrs Óojomovo, OTBpuTaro npo- 
crpaHCTBa. Ha^ hhm'b, tohho aH^HrearpoMi, ospysafl STy npH- 
poxHyiOy Hxyn^yH) bhhsi apeny, noxHHiiajicfl b^b ropaiis rycTOft 
jAck^ e^Ba nosBOiflfl paasHUTB xepeBbfl na BucoTax'B. Ha dTOM^B 
OTspHTOiTB npocrpaHCTB^, npoTHBi naHopaMH xojHOB'B sa py^BeicB 
H noM^CTHJicfl CTaai hokeixi nocejieHi^eBi Baxqapi-HTd. 

Bame bc^xii h ójurxe K'b xhcy cxofl^a óoiBrnaa, bucojwí na- 
jiaTRa H8T> ABOftHuxi Kpiiuuix^B iioiOTHHiit^B) xopomo yBpšiLieHHaa 
Ha BÓHTBixi BOiBflrB. B% Hofi noMÍntajiefl Ha?aiBHHB'B 9Toro „cam- 
pamento'' h yse BJiax^ient^ Baxiapi-HT8, 6apoH% ^Hi-BaHAeH'B 
ci seiueMipoiťb PHBepo^ cb yse sHaBoiunfB HaM'B nepBHHCOiťB h 
uyrofi ranecarB. HHase, ho^th cnycsaflt^ b'b pyqBio, pacnojiosH- 
jiHeB rpflBHOBaTiifl na bh^ h 6oiše hesbúi naiaTSH pa6o4Hx% h 
caajaTB; 6apoHi» nodTOiiy hm&íb aocejieBÍe y cbobxx hofb h ^e^ 
pesi BepXH ero sHjran^i mopb jao6oBWthCH bhaom'b cbohxi Ria^*^ 
Hifi, npej[[aBafiCB Me^TaHkMi o BexHBOM^B ÓyAyn^eiťB. 

Ho 9TH Me^Tanifl saqacryK) npepusajiH^ HeBecasHXR Ayiiaiui 
o HacTOfln^eicB. Yase mejvh BTopofi wbamjh, Bas% ohi nepesaii wbr 
esojiBBO aprejiefi hsi AfiKi^HTa, DapajiasoBaBi* laMi pa6oTii, a 
eiixoBaraniHO h aoxoxi eb hhx!b. He uajio ctohjlo eii) h coxepxa- 
HÍe nrepfl, TflroTHia ero h neofixo^HMOCTB OT^eTa rocno^iaMi BpoM* 

lefi. BapOH% B^pHJl Vh CBOH) 8B'l3Ay) B% BOBMOaSnOCTb n0T0M'B 
yCTpOHTB „BOMÓHHaipH^, HO BHA&TB, ITO Ha HyTH B'B CJaB^ HB MaJO 

TepHÍfi. 

nepBHirB padoiapoBaHieiTB abhjiocb ycipoficTBO aBCTpadficsHxi 
„cdTB-xaysoRB^, opoeBTHpoBUBHxi HepsHHCoiťB. Bi ero BaéBHeri^ 
vb CaB'B-neApo, wb 6eci;^ sa óyTUJiBOft, nocrpoenie hxi, b% 
ra^ npo^HUxi suHn^^B, Kasaiocb JierKHiiii A'i^oirb. Ho ne to 6aio 
vb BaxHapx-HTd. HocTaHOBBa hx'b BR0oaHHHx% b^b seiuio crbwh 
6uM HemiciHMa na BOSBumeHHOCTBxi, no TBepAoerH ropnaro rpyHTa, 
a vfb ^oimE% sa py^BeiTB, nocTpofisaarB yrpoauUH naBOAfleHifl. Ho* 
TOiTB, nepBoe Bpeiifl, cb HenpHBuuH bb boaí py^H, hohbhjhcb 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



516 BftOTHHBl EBPOnH. 

6(xibHiie. Ho B'E o6mfiWh aosopefide Bax^apx-HTa coBepnrajocB 
no^TH jrerso. 

JlarepB pacsHHyjiH no ycMOTptfiiio Óapona, vb onHca&HoE Hami 

MŠCTHOCTH, He CTOJbBO HO dCTeTH^eOHMl, CKOJIbRO nO BOeHHQKB 

cooÓpaseHÍfliťB: OTRpuTafl co CTopouH ;^ojhhei ci BepxosBeBi h 
HHsoBbeBx py^Bfl, OHa san^HDiaJiacL csa^^H ropaHo, ROToptifl doxhh- 
MajiHCb aM4)BTeaTpoMx, o6pa3yfl TeppacBi ji^chiixi npocrpaHeTBi. 
OTB^CHue 6oRa dTHX^L Teppaci npe^CTaBjfljiH do^th poBHua ct&hh 
ui nflTb, mecT£> h BoceMB caxeH'^ BiunsHB; TaRi ^to ne Cuio 
B08M0SH0CTH noARpacTBCfl Wh jarepH) HesaHiqeHHUHi ejh cay- 

CTHTBCfl Ch ropi. 6681 nOMOD^H RaHaTa EJLE J^CTHHI^ll. H TOJ&RO 

BBepx'B no py^bH) bte ctšhu nepexo^njE iiajio-no-Majy bi» 6ojs^ 
OTJiorie CRaTH, nosBOJíflBmie pyÓHTb jící wa nocrpoeRi h cny- 
CRaTb ero HepasCHTHiii. 

IIopyfiRa J^ca no^^b ROMauAofi IlepRHnea 6Eua nepBOfi pa6oTofi 
Wh Baxqapi-HTd. Bapon^ ci PnBepo h xecflTbH) cojrxaTaMH cna- 
qaia, a uotomi TOJibRO cb AByMH, CHHiiajH njanu ci BjraA^HÍft 
6apoHa, nepBue ahh B^Boeifb, a noTOMi toibro OAHE'b Pneepo. 
Uianu 8TH saT^Mi Óapoei p^mHjrb pacoHcarb h paocpaCHTb no 
BC'6M'b npaBHjaifb BHasenepnofi eayRH. 

ycTpoHB-b jarepb, fíapon^ ocxaicfl jioBOjeHrb BHfiopoMi m*ct- 
HOCTH. 3*^ MeqTaebfixx nepBEix'b jsfieŘ owh p^mErh — na irbcri CBoero 
nacTOfln^aro xoJi^eBaro XEjen^a nocTpoHTb aomx, cb CajnconoB^b 
ROToparo OTRpoeTCfl bha^ na js^jieeu h xojmbi 3a py^BearB. Cny- 
CRaK)n^iflCfl ajijeH; co cxaTyaMH nes^y AepesBeBi, noBexyrx «h 
py^BH), qepesi ROTopbitt nepeRHnercfl RHTaficRÍfi mocthri, necrpo- 
pacRpameHHOfi apRofi, cb ApaRonaMH na ctoji6ek9lxt>. 3to Ójj^evh 
mícto ero vie intime b-b Baxqapi- Ht3, h oh-b no njiaHy y»e na- 
BBajTB ero „BRjiJia BsLE^ewb*^ . Ohi* hotoitb CHHMerB ^ororpa^ÍH 
H ci BHjiJiu, H CB oón^aro neftsasa hšcthocth, h, Rone^RO, co 
RpeMeneiTB, — MoaserB Óbitb h CRopo, — on* Cy^yrB BocnpoasBeAenH 
na CTpaHHAaxi HJíJiiocTpHpoBaHHux'B sypnaiOBi. 

MicTO pa6oqaro nocejenia 6hjio OT^iaieno otb Cy^ymefl bbx&u 
na CTO caseni BBepxi no py^Bio h 6uao hm6hho m'6ctom'b HHA^fi- 
CRaro nocejjenia, ot-b ROToparo ocraJiHCB tojbro oórop-kiua fípeBea. 

Stotb BHÓopi óapona 6ujvh Toae ne Menie y^aneni. M4ct- 
HOCTb npeACTaBJBja co6ofi xoBOJibno BOSBumennoe 6ojn»moe ujlb^, 
noqTH poBHoe, ROTopoe ornCajii pyqeB, a ji^c^b cnycRaica cb 
ropi OT.ioFHMH ycTynaiiH. IIo ofin^eMy corjiameHiH) cb IlepRHH- 
coMx H PHBepo, pímHJH, qxo paóoqie Cy^^yra aniB b-b naiar- 
Rax'B y^BVíJiJiu'', noRa na ifi^cr^ noacapnn^a ne BucTpoar-b Ópesen- 



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HA 8MoratTb npiHCftAxi*. 517 

UTne AOMa*(SapaRB, npHMŠBJífl „aBcrpajtificKyK)^ CHcreny tami^, 
vxb STO nosBOJtHTB rpyHTb aeiiJH. 

B cpasy se, cb aiiepHBaHCBOfi) npflMOtJEHHefiBoeTbia, Ha^ar 
wtb pa6oTU E ycraHOBRjicfl a&pawvh jarepnoS sbsbh b^l Jiicaxi. 
0& yTpa y najiaTOR^B jsfmBJíECh RocrpH jsak sasTpasa npoÓyxHB- 
fflarocfl fflo^a; cxhoasuíca myMHtift roBopi pa6oi6& loinH, kodo- 
pafl mia noTOiTE, ei IlepKHHCoirB bo rjasi, ea noerpoenie 6yjiy- 
mfii RaiH^opHÍH. Bi „BejuA Ban^^eHi" ocTasaicfl 6apoH% ci 
PRBepOy H o^ pa6oTaiH nepom h RHCTbio, noBa Fasc^b, mcjvk 
tóro xaKi noAaBBJí BiťB bo^, npBBBiia^cfl sa aparoioaieBÍe 
BMx o6'6a&9 Bi ycrpoeBBOfl bi bbbií ropu ne^sAy BOsaAB nar 
jaTRB. GojíjsjBkTU-nevfu BiHsy y naiaroBi ^rbaja c^A^a, CTeperjB 
joBia^eft Bjm BrpaiH ks saeajreiiBBifl RapTH. Ha ofiBsaBHOCTB 
OAHaro B3i BBrb jesajio BpBroroBJíeBie obdui j^jis basi caMBX'^ 
B j!4B pa^ouxi. B^B noj^esB B08BpaD^ajnici» pa6o^e. BapoB^ 
DepBSBei fl Pflsepo o&íjijdJíín Ba OTRporoiix Bosxyxš, y Ba«iaTi») 
CHAfl Ba CBjaxBUXi CTyjibflxi, b^ rknu ropn. FaHC^ osyjBBJíi bhsb 
Bars MorB; ch noqxBTejibBofi osaÓóqeHBOCtBK) fl']&ifeiqutro Ao6paro 
ciyrfl. Ilociii oÓíaa HeB86£2KBafl siesta, — iiarepb daeunafli xo 
ffijtb qacoB^ Affli, B noTOMx oniTb pa5oTa ao cyiiepesi. Coibi^ 
CU0BBL90CB 3a xoiMu, npflMO BpoTHKB jarepfl, ORpamBBaa poso- 
BHMi CBiroiTb ero iia.iaTBB. BapoHi ci> PBBepo ocraBJSJíB qepve- 
BÍe BJiaflOBx B CBycBUBCB Ri pyqbH), RL xy^^^flxi, BO jífrnsm-' 
Bevy, sysaxM^ RaRx Xo6psie a^whrh. YxBBajiB npB CB^bx^ jyBii 

B ffiirO CBA&IB B% ČRJiaAHUX^B RpeC^BXl, BaCJiaSAMCB TflXBMB 

BopsBaifB npo($šraBmaro bohbofo sd^TepRa. BHBsy y najiaTOB^ 

OBBTB nUJaiB ROCTpH B nOX'^ aRROpW rBTapH AOBOCBďiaeB MOBO* 

TOBBafl ^MBJíoflra" RpeojtOBi. Ho^bh), no nfffiRasaBiK) (5apoBa>^y 
ero najiaTBB crofl^rB ucoBOft ob pysBejrB, a BBBsy aboo xpyfHx*B 
floo^epexBO xoabjb Mes^y najarBaMB, nojuepsBBaa cb^tb Rocrpa 

BO BCfO BOqB. 

drn npe^ocToposBOCTB RasaiBCB coBepmeBBO B&iBmBBUH. UlyíCB 

rOJOCOBl, OrHB B J!,UU1> ROCTpOBlb BBAaJíeRa qyBJflCB 3BÍpflMfl. ^TO 

xe Racaercfl ao BB^Mi^eBi, to sa Bee aro BpeMfl bb oabh'b bs^b 
BoceJereBKeRB ne bctp^Itbjii bb o^Boro b8% bhx^, Be samejii bb 
Bartliinaro bxi csía^- Baxwpi-HTO xasajicfl BeoiíBTaeHuiťB — 
BsrBaBBBie oÓBTaxejra ero BCHesJB óeses^BO. ^T0 ycBOROBJO <Sa* 
poBa, B eny sasajoeB Toneps, hto btb BacHJÍB na^^ BBj^Si^aMfl 
Bé 6QJL0 HBiero ^ypnoro: oho 6umo Beo6xoxflMO mň noRopesifl 
nycTUBB... Ho npe^ocToposBOcni Bce-TBRB coÓJiDAftJiHCB, B sa 
STBiTB CHorprijii fl ÓapoBx, B ero TOBapiinpi no na^arR^b. BBepx'B 
Bo py^iBH), BTB jion^B^ 6ujio oroposeBBoe npocTpaacaso jiflfí My- 



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518 BftOTHHSl EBPOIIH. 

jioiTE H ůaxovh. TaH'B se fiiua h ÓoAee wir upo^obojbctbíh Jia- 
repfl. BcflRÍfi pasi nocjii yOofl (hiRa, ho?bk) OTTyxa HecjHCs rpos- 

HHff ptncaHbH, llIIHaHBe ÓUKOBI E TOQOTB ^HBIUHXCfl MyjOBX H 

joma^eB. Co6aKH jarepji sajraeajEHCB MOÓnuwh jiaeirB, qyH spa* 
vovhy HO BparH bth — bípoatho, no csy^esHOCTe cRora — orpaHH- 
iHBaiHCfc TOJbRO saxBaToiTE cB'6se-CHflTofi OKpoBaBJíeHHOfi msypa 
SHBOTHaro, — xaRi 6u bbicobo ee hh hobícejh, — ho ne Tporan 

CROTa. 

TaB'B npomjio nojTopa uicaufi,. 3a Bce sto Bpeica ^xHaa no- 
roA&9 6e8o6jiaHHOe fie6o, sapnie jifiií h thxíII^ to^ho Jia^saionpi 

CBOHMH QOpHBaMH, HarOHflH ApeMy, B^iepOlTB HOHH< 

Bi OAHy H8% TasHrB noqefi, yse dniSBO nepe^i pascB^^m, 
y najiaTBH óapona, tohho (tb xpecKom pasAHpaff Boa^yrs, rpfiHyj'B 
BucTpiji, H dxo iroHeoío ero nosTopeHÍe no ropaifs h enan^Hn 

J^CaiTBy ÓJJÍfl HTHI^. nOROpHTeiH BUCBO^HJIH HB^B naiaTEH Ch pe* 

BOJBBepaMH Bi pyBaxi; CHHsy Ó^brnsuin Apyrie cojia&th, r lepen 
MHHyTy npoÓyxHJCfl bocb jarepB, roTOBBtt oTpaxaTB BparoBi. Ho 
BparoBi ne Óiuio. 3a najraTBcÁ na zeMA% y ne«H Fanca, sono- 
mujiacB Baufl-TO nepnafl Macca, n CTpaHHHMi xpeniHBeirB noxep* 
PHBaff qepHUMH pyRaiiH hjh HoraMH. Bi noJiyMpast naiBSfl 6ax^ 
pa30<$paTb, TTO dTO 6ujiQ sa eyn^ecTBO, h oabh^ hsi cojA&n 
(nui^B ^HTB ero npHBjaAOirB pysbfl. Ono nepoAepnyxocB r nepe* 
CTajo ÓHTBCfl. BlITa^HB^ ero ikb cB^iy, nepej^^B naxaTB(A, yBR- 
jr&iR netio^moro r fieso^HARaro btb cyn^ROCTR, ^epnaro MexÁ^í. 
BjiecTfln^e-qepHafl BopoTsafl mepcTB ero Óujia secTBa, a cam 
OHI 6aÁT> B^Boe iieHBme ctBepo-asiaTCsaro ejth eBponeflcxaro irex* 
B^AH. ^acoBOfi saHiTRji^B OFO Ha Teppaci ropu, nax^ najiarsofi. 
Me^B^XB CMorp&TB na cnan^ifi BHHsy jarepb, h 6jrecTfln^e-8ejieHiie 
Wh TeMHOii rjaiHi Ó^xhafr noorysRJH MRmeHbK). Gonwrb nociajTB 
eiiy CHHsy nyjiH) noxi jfonaxRy, csopie cjyqafiHO, ^^m^b oo(ScTBeHHO 
no npHi^ijiy. ToBapHn^n, cm^hcb, ynpenajiH ero B'b nepenoioz^ h9!b- 
8a TaBoro nycTABa, ho Óaponi fiujii AOBOieni, XBajiRjTB mštboctb 

BUCTp&ia R 6ARTeJIBH0CTB ^aCOBOPO. 

— BxHTOJiBHOCTB, potfflTa, BOT* lOFO fl TpeÓyH) 0Tb BacTB npe^w 
Bcero. PysBfl a&^hu Bani, ^to6q ctp^atb. Bu xojishh CTp^Rn 
HO^bK) eo ecCj HTb npn&iRsaeTCff bi jiarepH), ne pasfiRpaa! ^fba 
BparH, sx^CB nycniHfl) h mu xoishq noBopHTb ee. 

IIoTOM^ na yTpo oh% HarpaxR<2rb cojixaTa, BynRBi lOBypy ero 
sepTBH 3a Tpn naso. Jlanu MexB^xfl cnesjíR bi ropaveS soj^. Qo 
BBycy OH*b 6ujih noxoa&H Ha CBRHRny. 

CojA&TU 6iiJrH xoBOJBHu. dia npeTopiancBafl ^epnas CTpaau 
(Japona, nox% Boxan^ofi ^epnaro se yHTep%-o4)Hi^epa (sargento) 



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HA SOIOraX^B HPIHCKAXI. 519 

QeHávo, He oco6eHHO, OAsavose, apaBHJiacB (iiapoHy h npoHSBO- 
xua BneqaTj^HÍe Tjph6u xbEBBux^b HerpoBi-AHBapeft. BapOHx Tpe* 
T0poBaj'B En> no BoeHHOMy pesHMy, Tpetfyn or^aBÍH ^ecTH, »nox^ 
sosHpeBi', «pyBH no mBani'' h t. n. ^oboibhuíI zoxoitb no- 
crpoeKi, 0H'& ^mBJVb sacraBSTE paóorarb h co^xan naxi npo- 
amemewh AOporn b'b Cani-IIeApo. 

dro cKopo cx^UajioeB ero raasnotl saóotoft paeiiJiiidaTopa^ vh BH^y 
BasHocTH ycTpoficTBa npaBMBHaro coo6n^eHÍ)st n ropoxoMi. Éro cootf- 
mfifáa e% JIíoce h xaiopoiTB TpedOBaJiH otb Tpex'B ao ^exiiperb xneft 
Bepzraoro nyTH. Jlietrmi xopora npexcraBjítfjiH co6om> SHrsam Tpo- 
HHHwrb, H, npn npoisx^ ero no jicam, (Japoni noH&ai, tto oh']& 
AOiJKBH Bj^Boe yBejíHqBBaTb pascroiraie. Coo<$paseflie dxo no^vpep- 
XR4oe& BSCJri^AOBaBÍeirB njana 0Bpyra« Do np^voiiy nyin pascroa* 
Hie cm BaxqaprB^HTd ao iH)poxa ne npeBumaio xBaAi^aTB murs, i.-e. 
OAHoro AHfi nyTH vyjiasrs h orb xecara ao AB^HaActaTH ^acoB^ co^ 
HflM%, CB 0TAtix<Mi'b na nojinyTH jiflň nero. Bsbíchbx Boe 8T0, 6a^ 
pOHi, OROH^RBTE pafioTy HaA'B ujianaMH, xajii na^aiBCTBO Haxi ja- 
repeifi IlepuBcy, a caMi cb naiBK) cojxaTaMH, PHsepo h HeHS- 
GtsHHMi raBCOH%y i^yiD Hex&no 1s^^^Js% no jAchWh^ HscjrfiiAya 

Bfh 9m% dRCBypCÍAX^B OH^b pyBOBOAHJTCH BOMHaCOlIl H BamejTL 

npBMyia jihhíio ao GavB-IIeApo, T.-e. canyio SjíHSByio wpory, bo- 
fůpo^ ^ 6euo, noTOvy ^to 6ojioto sarpasnajio nyrs. Oho 61110 
co6eTBeHHo ysBoe, ho 'raHyjioc& na ufbAWL ume ^khahoS nojiocofi 
i^Hoft BnaABHUy o6i cropoHu BOTopofi npH btomi npexcraB^ffJiH 
HenpoxoxBiiyK) nan^y. Hsci^AOBaBx Bce aro, CapoH^B p^mBjrB npo- 
JOSHTB 4opory ^lepes^B nan^y h no ÓoAomy. ^^jor^^ BsaeHepi, 
OH^ noíHJFB, vro o xpeoaaÁ Tyn h xy^aTB nevěro, h pdbmHjrB 
npoioasBtB Aopory nyTeMi uobtohobi h CBaK. Dpbxoahjiocb py- 
6htb A^peiBfl cpexR todh — pa6oTa Tflsejiafl h ho CesonacHafl: npo- 

HBICaB BX 8TH qS^H, OHI BHA'bjrB TaM'B SJIOÓHO pii^aBoiHrB TanH- 

pOBTBy npHTOBu flFyapa, rpoMa^Hiix^B cyícappH O ^ ve Majio a^o- 
BHTUXi sir&fi. Bxuxaflie 6aiOTBiix'B iiiasifOFB npi padoril XJfl 
esponetiKa Óíijio 6b cMepTejBHo. A aerpu nmxiwa ycTOBTB... 

Ho y 6apoHa, saRi y qejioBbKa, Ha%Bmaro pa6oTaTB epe^H 
TpyXHOCTefty npeasnee caMOMBinie sHaqHxejibHo yHeHBmHJOCB, m Te^ 
nepB OHI cortn^aief n DepKHHeoM-B no noBO^y nerpoBi, boto- 

POTB OHfB^ nepRHHCB, HO CTOIUrB nOJIOSHUMl paĎO^HlTB ai6MeB- 

Tom: „sasapiia h roroBue xji6a A^MopajiHBOBajíH hx'b, h ohh jA- 
nuBUy 6e806pa3H0 jíhhbu^I BapoH'B ^onycKajii cíporífl ii^ii. 



') 8accrry--poi:& ůosLy avsymaro na ÓojioTam, ne MeHbine óoa-constrictoťa. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



$20 . b^CVHBBl EBPOOIJ. 

^opara Heo6xoABMa, moéu oóeme^ath nocroiitfHoe h bqsmostdo 
esopoe eootín^eaie ocHOsuBafoniarocfl nocejeHÚi cb ropa^om; oaa 

aSJfleTCa H aAMHBHOTpaXHBHOfi, H JM8mHHQ8 nOTpe6flOCTbK) 8T0 

HCHo! H ee aa^o qpoboahtí», ee lepsa hh abr ($aibme, hmía b% 
BHAy 64K0CTB AOs^eA. Ka»B BHseoepi, OH^b yB^pea^, ^to cb 
;(ecflTROMB coiiAaTi dobtohei Cy^yrs BaBeji^esH bi bÍckojbbo ahcí, 
a ocTajbflaa ^aexb padoTu coctohtb tosbso bi, npadst. CaHoe 
Tpy;(Hoe H onacHoe yme cA^aso, — ocraHaB^HBaTbCfl h sojiefiai^ea 
Éievero. ^OROHqHBB noerpoffEu h ocHOBas^b apxejH, aaxo aasarbca 
aflaJBsoMii iť&cTfiuxB ropBuxii nopoA^ h apoeEtp^ „paapJteoB%"« 

Orb Herpowb OapoHB, neoTKHAaaHO j^n QepKHaca, nepemeaB 
vjh pasroBopy o ceabopi^ Pdoepo. PasrosopB npcmexoAMB lonacB 
»e no npáÍ3A'i^ 6apoHa h3x ero jižch&ixb ascsypciK Ha mí^cto 
DOcrpoexB k bb orcyTcniíe ocTaBaBjnarocfl wb juirep^ PflBepo. Bar 
poHB coo($iaHJi'b, HTO, no npižaA'^ hxb bb CaHirlIeApO; PflBepo 
ocTaBJífleTi rocyAapCTBeHHyio cjysCy a oapejK^dUercfl jtapesTopom 
pa<5orb B'b „Bhjl2lí B^a^hi". ^ejoBŠBB OB!h xpy^anúttca, o% 
cemeft Ha m&k. Bapoarb AaexB eMy xopomee co^epsanie, a, se- 
ae^BO, BB 6yAya^eirb oai 6ojte oóesae^eai, si^aea orb (Sapoaai 
a ae orb asMÍaqaBaro pecnyÓJiHBaHCBaro npaaaTejibCTBa. IIpoesTX 
dTOTb nepRaacB oiAO^paj^, a nosa^aMOMy aospoBHO, xota bi to 
ate BpeMi ceobopi^ CaMyaib Paaepo e^Ba jh 6ua% exy caiuiani- 
nea^b. IIopTyrajKei^B ao DpoacxosA^aiio, Pasepo AOJn^o xuJCh b% 
Bpasajía a yapaBJífijrb laii^ DJiaHTaqiflMa, — xasB qro ciyM^^erb 
oocraBaTb ce6ň xopomo cb paóoaaiia, — aro rjraBaoe. 

Bbi6opB ÓuiTb AMcTBBTe;[bHO yAa<ieHB. Caabopi Paaepo 6bmě 
cb sB3nbH) da cyoiecTBOBaBÍe CBoe a ceMbB; KasB 3eiLieM'bp'B, 
OBB nojiyq&9B orb opaBBTejibCTBa aaqTOsaoe coAcpsaHÍe, atio 
HM'|jacb Bi BBAy apoiieHTu opa ero paóoraxx ao MeseBaaiK); ho 
dTBXB pa6orb no<iTa ae óaao, a CÍabab^, osaxaa bzb, wu% 
BoporojOAb GB seaofi-Bpeo^ofi a rpeiifl A'i^TbHB. Ho Hapyj&HO- 
CTB 9T0 6uji% TanB aeyAaqaaua, Jiirb xpa^uaTH, xqeAyaiBHfi h 
aeB3pa?H£ifi aa bbab, cyiipaqaufi, Maio rraopaBmifi, cb ^epHofi 
acnaabOJBOfi a ao^ixa xaRaifa ;Ke „xpeyrojbHiuia" 6poBflMa, ^ep* 
HOTiiasbiK a cifyrjiift. Ilpa CAepa&aaaocxa itaaepB a pasroBopa, 
wb BOMB qyBCTBOBajiocb, o^Hasose, saxaeBHaa aaeprifl (Stuajiaro 
qejOB^BB. Bb xo xe apena ohb xopomo soaAB cxpaay, a aá 
^icabixB ÓaayasaxB ÓbUB KasB aomb* HpaBCxaeBaafl ^^asiououia 
ero ae bqojbš noAAaaajiacb oÓphcobb']^, b bb nepaoe spěna Offb 
Baaajcfl CesB y6iiBAeBÍfi a 6e8B cejbab. noasifl, acByccTBO, jiom- 
XHBB, (|)BJ!ioco4)ifl... Bce 3X0 xopomo, Boaeqao, ao bbao npesAe 
Bcero Ao6uxb Aoabra, CA'6Jiaxb ce6i nojoseaie, oxcxpímaxb aaxpyx- 



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HA SOJIOMXl nNHCRAX-B. 521 

Henifl...^ On^h eorjiainajicflí, eanpHMip^, hto Aiiojijoh'b EejiBBe-' 
jiepoáfi 6yAerB xopose oeqHoft noej^^iiHii ;(.ifl npoMHUoft no* 
xjiéůBM, He cnepsAi, — ho vb arofi ycrynsi cRDOSHja sarae^Hafl 
MBejiB HafiTH rjiyiiqa-noRynaTejrH ajka ^toto Mpavopnaro 6ora, a 
Torxa CB AeHKraifir bi ne^H nofiBHTCX h ^To-HH^yx^ noiy^me upo- 
CTott noxie^KH. Ho, Kone^Ho^ cnopHii ofo aroMi se crown. ^a 
H Bootfqe Be CTOHrB enopHTB: jtioxh b^prti oCttE&oBeiiHo Tony^ 
Bo ht6 sitl xonemcH bíphtb... A aTO j^xonemcn"' BaBHeHTB or& Ha- 
sjaHHoeTeS, xapasTepa k caMoB ^hbhb^ TafWE qro nerafla Tyrš 
HH npH ^611%. BŤb BpasHjiH OHI cjniHnu^b h ejymaJTB nacTopoBi- 
tferoxmroBt. Ohh hsx bo»h ji-laiH bohi, AOKasfifBaa cboh) „HetHHy**. 
FoBOpHJiR xopoHio, HO H c($HpajiH To»e BO AypflO*- íl Hemsa 
oeysAATB Hx^B sa bto: bto 6eijlo hxi peifecio, ohh aTHM'B ah^h. 
Ho noTOM^ nteoTopue hs% hhxb, codpani xoHBrH (oponoB^SflMH 

R8HmTĎ), OCTaBHJTB „HCTHHy^ B OpHHHJIHCB Sa CRyHKy BO^e H 

xjioiiKa. H 8a6iaH „HeTHny^I 

Pa3cy»Aafl o Pasepo, tfapoH-B h nepBHHCi npitfujH bs ja^ 
repB, r;^ saera^H ero npffmHBaK)iE[H]rB nyroBflqu bi CBoeiiy ^ptaH-* 
Homy napycHHHOHy najHE^TO, chah Ha csja^HOfi RpoBarn vh najiaTX^. 

YauiH&irH B^B aaiaTR^. Ctoííi lepresHHiioBi, T.-e. npocro a^crh 

Ha A^peBHHHBIX^B ROBiaXl^ dlIiTE HCAypHO COpBMpOBaGKB, H RpaCHttfi 

es^TB jraiinu H8'B-noji'B fiojnsmoro a6a»ypa ocB^H^ajx cepetfpoý 
6e8yRopH3HeHBO ^HCTse rapeiRH h craRanu. Gas^erRH h CRaTeprs 
(5hjh cOMHHTejíBHOll ^BCTOTH, a caMoe „menu" yjRHna 6hjio 6^;(- 
HOBaTO H coeroflJiFO Hai aiapeHaro na nepTOJií MBca h noqeRS 
6BRa, HBi BapeHaro Kapro^jfl h sapenoS se RaROfi-TO x<<hhho* 
HoroS lítmjsL CB crpanHuiirB sanaxoiii ne to cmojih, ho to My^ 
CRyca. IIo cjtOBaMi óapona, y^HBmaro ee, ona 6uja ropaBAo Rpa- 
CHBiie B^ jTÍey aa Aopea^, a na 6ji}x>jsíb Hirkia aecBMa HenpaBje^ 
saTejiBHHft BH;r(. nnpoAHoe saMiasjíH hjioau ^^epeMófia^ (che- 
remoya) a aetfoiíBQiie Ji^caiie aaaHacBi. „^epeMófia"' — pocRoniHBift 
ho BRycy a sanaxy njrox^ — HanoManaeTi name a^JioRO, ho tcmho- 
^iojeTOBaro, ho^ith ^epnaro líBÍTa. B*6jaji coqnas marotb, cb TBep- 
XBma ROCTO^RaMH, cjfa^Raa, HanoMaHaioniafl BpeicB, naxneTi aar 
HHJBK). TaRÍe HjroflH H€ TOjrí>RO He yTOJífliOTi »asAUj ao CRop4e 
BOsÓya^aiorB ee. OrB HsCuTRa caxapHCTBixi na^a^i, no CRopoch^a 
5poseHÍff, OHH ne noMAK)TCH coxpaHeHifo h ne AOCTnraiorB EBponu. 
Ananacu 6ujm pocRomaHMa a no apoMaTy, a no BRycy. B'b aaat 
ne 6ujio ne^ocTaTRa, xoth oho 6bijio h TenJBTMx, a rhcjtuicb yase. 
Ho qaaajiasaTopBi, tohho no BsaaMHOMy corjianieHÍH), CTapajiHCB 
HOM^psHBaTB xopomee pacnojiosenie Ayxa h 'Í^jth, h najia otjib^ho. 
Jytrae bcštb qpcTBoeaj^ ce6a Caponi, nonaMaff, ito en^e ne- 



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522 MOTHHBl SQřOim. 

MHoro— H <m'Byse6e8i iiaji^fiinaro a<ih ce6fl pHCsa n HeyAo6cTBa, 
óyAeTb ynpaBjflTB cÓ8AaHHHM'B hiii> nocejieHÍeM'B, npBBjesaji Kb 
Hexy HOBUfl CMAUy opraBHsyfl 4^aKTopÍH) h pasBHBafl ea Aianejh- 
HOCTB. SaroBopHiH o KOJlOHBdaiiliH dJBxi^ nyci^HS, o Ůjfi.y^ewb 
„Bhjuh BaHAeHi", iiosa TOJbito 08HaieflB0& Ha uani. Eapoai 
noAJKHBai^ BHHa coÓec^AaMBaMv Pesepo, o$HRHOBeHao xoiujhbíiě, 
BApyrB saroBopu^ o ^oporž Hepe3'B ÓojiotOj h 6apoH^ otb^ujii 
eny b'b coBepmeHHO ApysecsoMi tohí. ^opora (^yxen opoioseHa 
BO iTO 6u TO HH cxaiD H csopo. Oh'^ noHHnaeTO ceiiefiHoe noio- 
oeHÍe CBoero fiyxyniaro yiipaBareJia, h, KOfie^QO, se ocxasHrB ero 
€*& ceM&efi OTpisaBBEiiťB orB MÍpa bi aTHX'E Jťbcaxi. Eoh^hjh 
yaKHH'B, p'&niHB'& ycRopHTb pa6oT£i, hto(5h ycn^TB y6paTi»0fl xo 

Bi H&iaTR']^ 6iuo AyniHO, h coÓec^AHHKH se Cesi yAOBOJibCTBLi 
ocxaBfiJH ee h pacnojiosHJiHeB Ha otaputom'b BosAyx'^, wh cua^- 
EUTh Bpecjiaxi, Ch CHrapaMH bi 3y6axi». Ho^b Óujia TeMHaa^ Ces- 
jyHHafl, c% MBpiaAaMH 3b^3A'b h cB'ÍTHBmHiiHCfl nojiocaMH „lue^- 
Haro nyiH^ na leiiHOMi, ooqiH nepuom^ ne&b. HecMorpu sa bos^ 
BfímeHHoe nojioseHÍe, bi BosAyx']^ qyBCTBOBajCfl yAynuHBufi 3H0ft, 
ee opeBpaTHBmificfl ch 3aBaT0M'b cojtHaa. PflBepo o&bBCBEJt^h bto 
<$jiH30CTbio AOSA^fi H na^aJOMi (íypb oepeA'^ hhmh. dro onaib na- 
Be^o pa3roBopx o xopori. Pasepo cKa3aj['b, mo na^o s^aTb boah 
cb HOBOJiyHÍeMi. nepBHBCb pyqajcfl sasoHqHTb nocTpofiRH bi ceicb 
HJiH Boceiftb AHeli, H Tor^a mosho 6yAerb, ee pas^beAHHflfl chji evb 
jiarepa, Bcbwb hmi* opHHATbCfl sa Aopory. Ho axo ne noBpaBH40Cb 
HH PflBepOy HH óapOHy. ^osah 5jh8bh h Moryrb ocTaflOBHTb pa^ 
ÓOTu B'b HHSBHXi) MÍcTHOCTjix'b, HeyAo6Hizxi Aase H Tenepb. 

n TOHHO asejiafl yAOBjeTBopHTb Phbopo h BOHUxb pascysAems 
o Aopor^, dapoB'b BUHyjťb B3'b Rapiiana cbhctoki h pisBO CBHCTHyjrb 
ABa pasa. CHHsy, HsiJiarepa, HS^b ocB^n^eHHaro upocxpancTBa bo- 
CTpoBi, HOAHHjiacb H DoniJia Kli najiaTB']^ Cojbmafl ^epnaa ({^nrypa. 
Bi» AByxi marax'b OTb chaíbhihxi ona ocTanoBHjiacb, BUTanyBinHCb 
no-cojiAaTCBH. 3to óují-b cepsanTi Den^HO, bucobíB, caibao cao- 
seHHufi Herpí, CesóopoAuK h n AOBOJbHO sbípcbhmi jhi^mx. 
BapoH^E, cMoipH ByAa-TO bi ciopoHy, MeA^eHHO-BaaKHO cnpocH^i 
ero, Btí& JIH SAopoBH B^b ero OTpaAi. 

— Bc4, ceHbopi jefiTeHaHrb! — xpnnjiHM-b CacoM^ oipanopro- 
6aji'B neHá?o, CT> pysofi y Benn. 

— Xopomo. OnycTH pyBy. 3aBTpa c% yipa th OTA^JiHmb no 
CBoeMy ycMOTp-hHiK) Aecaib qejioBiB-b, — HaHóojiíe hohatjihbhxx... 
Mh'6 h ceBbopy Pasepo iíomaAeli. Th ocTaHembca, a ohh noŠAyrb 
CB HaMH, Bone^HO BoopyaeHHUMH. IlycTb BOSbiiyrb Boceiib todo- 



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HA aOJOŤHXl IIFIHOKAX'B, 523 

poTb H ^enipe jronaTii. IIoHfln? Tonoposi^ Bocevb, a jionan 
lerupe. Uoebjí%? 

— IIoHAai, ceHBOpi. A HacverB npoxoBOiBCTBifl? 

— A-a... jifi,... Tu npaBi. Koisxobx He na^o. Ho Mflca nycn 
BOSBMyTE Ha A^Hb. IIoHiixaemB? 

— IIoflHifaK), Mofi jieflreffaHTB (mi teniente). ^acoBoro en^e ne 
npHBasere nocraBHTB? 

— Wkrh emfi. IlycTB nojifljEiffiTh. R x^utl CHraarB. Ciynaft. 
IIoseiaBi csoBiTB HaiajBHHsaicb AO<$poft hoih, IleHáno orapa- 

BHJicfl vb sorrpaifB, a (SapoH^B npHsasai^B Fancy BOxaxB jHMonaxy. 
QKasaiocB, hto 6jiaroAÍTejEBHaro nansTKa ocTaxoCB ne fioiiie hath 
6yTiiiiorB. KepocHH^By ciihhsb, caxapi, meuo h t. m, Bee dTO 6umo 
na HexoA'6. C^scb na^B CTpaxaiiu FaHca ocraiBCA na EEjujbŘCKOWb 
naioseHÍH, co6ecÍAHHKH objih aeeoes^^ HaxoxH ero npeBOCxox-* 
Hini'B orB OAHOfi ifHCSH, ^TO ero ocraJOCB yse iiajo. Bcit^ 
saf-biTB PHBepo h nepRHHCi oxnpaBHJiHCB cnaTB, a fiapoHi ocTaacfl 
vb Bpeejíš co cbohmh Ay^aiíE. ďKejraa jyíme ope^aiBCA 9T!em% 
xyiiaiTB, 6apoHi c&i^b cnn&oft ki jrarepio, nosepnyB^B Kpecio. 

Ha saBTpa obi s^ft^i^ BoaBpan^enifl „napo^Haro" eB 6yiiaraMH 
on Maiopa h nHCBMOMx otb JIioch... Hx'b paasys^ ophxoahtb bo- 
Bev^. EapOHi ^lyvaji^B o&h drom ho 6evb naajnasA^Hifl, ne or^asafl 
ce6i orqoTa bi» tomi^ tto ch npeAcraBJíeHieiii o JIh)ch y nero 
JTOJuuiocB opexcTaBjeHÍe o jiyqmefi shbhh, cpexE K0M({K)pTa ■ 
yxotíeTB'B, BOTopue oh^b ibkl i^^hrtb. a oaa BBjfljiacB BaBi qro- 
TO npiflTHO AonoíHflion^ee axy shbhb. B^b nncBMaxi si h6ě ohi 
Beer^a Tro-HH6yAB coB^TOBaji^L o ji,ou% o caA'6, o efl axopoBB^. 
Ero npexHOjroseHÍe o towhj tto ohh M(nyim 6umb mpoe^ — bb ero 
AOcaA^, Tas^B H ocxajocB npe;i(no;iOJEeHÍeira: na BonpocB 06% dxoirB, 
npH Bcefi AeJTHKaTHOCTH ero ^^opiiBi, JIidch pascep^HJiacB h ne 
xorbjía otb'6thtb. B^ to se speMB^ mhcjib o cíih^ ^ABaia eny 
npiflTHUH on^yn^emfl. Ho h b^b cbohx^b iracBMax^B Ha btotb merh 
.SiocH 6£ija H'b]ia, h ea Hanepy HHcaTB xenepB bchomhhjii bco 
T0JIBBO npasTBqecsH DOHHiiaBmifi óapoHi. HEcajia ona to^ho tojibbo 
OTBŠqafl; npnHy;K;i(eHHo-xoj[OAHo; bi ea nncBMaxi qyBCTBOBasacB 
BeyBjnosecTB cjiora He 3HaK)H^aro itó cKasaTB qejiOB^sa. HpH 
8T0MI HH pasy ne cnpocHja ona o ero BosBpan^eHÍH, He npocHJia 
ycBopBTB ero. BapoHi 06'BflCHflJi'B 9to ea pasxpaseHieHi. Hepe^x 
ot^-Ib^oitb onrB BunBBaji-B, HecBOipa na ea HeyAOBOJiBCTBÍe. B'b ero 
ctioparB E B^B caMofi onacHOCTH opeAnpiaTÚi ohi saCuBaji^B o neň, 
o efl J006BH senn^HHii. „Boti qTd ocKop5HJO ee^ e ona nosajyfi 
npaBa, san^B seHn^KHa''. 



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524 BfCTHHK^b EBPOniI, 

Ho Bce dTO, KOBe^HQ, diaro^apa STOMy npoxoii^Himy, aToiiy 
Hecaxx-Keppy. 

MucjiB 6apoHa ea aio6ofi ocraHOBHjacb Ha Bsjsíi^Řuiby ho Toneps 
vh dToft aiotii npHMŠmaiocb h ropxoe npeHe6peseHÍe ipiBHJHsa* 
Topa, co3HaK)inaro cbor> CHJiy. VLExbeiíh oxasaiícfl coBc&ťB ho xa- 
vawh onacHEiirB, h pasi jvBfjbB^hj ito ero ho (Soatca, oh^b HC^e8'B 
co cbohmh „Reppý". Tenepb dro yace acho. Oh^ xaseo motb Ha- 
nacTb, ycTpoHTb no6oHiii;e, orpisaTb HiťL ^opory ^ja apoBiaHTa, 
MŠmaTb CTpoHTb. Ho Bas^ h bc6 soj^yHu, aron hh^MckíII npHHiTB 
npocTO oĎMaHHBaeTb h jserB. Baxqap^B-HTa OBasaiocb se n Bpa- 
3ILIÍH H ropasAO 6jiHse. Teneps 6oflTBefl yse nevěro. BiqMOH xo- 
pomo ycTpoeHHy h Pnaopo, hs^ coficTseHAiixi bhaobx h B£irojr&> 
Cbjwbeiiy oxpaHHTb noceieHie. noói^a aa^^ nycTHeefi coBop- 
meea h na^o h^ith Bnepe^i. Bnepe^l.. 

„A CBOJTbRO 6ujio nepesHTO ipesorB h CTpaxa!" — cosaajicfl ob'e 
nepe^^B caiiHiTB co6ok), h eny npenOMKUucH npHspaRi HHXJ^fiqa kl 
naBHXBOH^. Xopomo, ito harto ho snaerB o&b axofi rjiynocTH... 
RoHe^HO, npBspaRB cyn^ecTBosaji TOJibRO wb ero BOOÓpasoHÍH: 

OHI HOpflAOlHO BIinHJ['b H HpHSpaRI^ ÓWFb A^Olťb OFO HB- 

crpooHifl. 

Ho Tyrb se npHnoMHHJOCb ony, tto npH3paB'b toeapujn^ yrpo- 
aRHJTb... RoHeqHO, 8to Tose óujlsl HJLiiosifl... aRycTuqecRaa. H xoRa- 
saTOJibCTBOifL H^eoMHocmu flBjenifl cjiysnrb to, hto, noHBMafl h 
HOMHfl cJiOBa yrposu, hx^ SHa^enie, hxi cmícJL^hj ohi ne BHaerB, 

Ha RBROlfb flSUR^ dTH CJOBB 6UJIH CRasaHH. lI(hEÍUeUfíB? Ho- 

BcnaHCBH? P']&mHTejibHO ne snaerb! H, Bose^HO, ooTOMy, hto npH- 
spaBHy B^b c^acTbK), roBopHTb He MoryTb, Bor^a hmh ne saHHiiaioTCfl 
rr. coHpHTu H TOMy noAo6Hbifi npasAHHfi jiíoa^. 

H, 6e3C08HaTejibHO a^ia ceófl, 6apoffb crapajicfl coxpaHHTb kb 
ce6^ 8T0 Hacipoesie OTpHi^aHÍfl. Ho axo Hacipoede cjns^ÓiMy h 
CRopo npHdpaRi Ha^ajii Ra3aTBCfl eny q^^Mi-xo o6oco64€hhum otb 
Hero canoro... H oh'b ocTanaBJHBajicfl aa oxofi meicjh (tb, Aoci^ofi 
H TpoBorofi, BOTopyH) xomrbM ne coanaeamh. HoBafl ^bsb, HBrmjieHifl 
flBHJiacb y Hero, qacTbio hsi ^sejanÍA o6BHHHTb HenaBHCTHaro 
eny HH^Mi^a, h HacTbio OTb npocROJb3HyBmaro B^b sypnaju 
cayqafl RaROft-TO meAenamiu, hjih qero-TO vh po^i axoro. Cjy- 
qafi 6ujn> noMin^eHi RaRi „R;pbe3'b^ noA'b 3ar;[aBÍeM'b: „Jí^íao 
rr. cnnpHTOBi", h coo6ii^ajrb o H^^Roem o4)Hiíep^, noflBHBmeMCfl 
ch yrpo3oft 3acTp*jiHTbCfl CBOOMy cíporoMy ROMan^Epy, ^epsasmeiiy 
ero noA'b apecTOMi. EapoH'b pímHjrb xenepb BHHMaxejibHO npo^ecTB 
aTOTx „Rypběsi'', nOHHMafl, hto ji;iň Rapbepu, ji^b A^a, nejibsfl 
coBepmeHHO HrnopepoBaib sA^Cb 9th Ben^ii. Eny npHnoMHHajiocB 



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HA 3aiOTCIX'B OPIHC&AXl. 525 

Tenepb, hto wh oahhi bsi BOCKpecHjoxi ab^^^ ohi saciaji cbo- 
6oAHaro oři paÓorB IlepRHHca 3a ^TedeMrE ^The book of the 
Master'' h Basofo-TO sypnajia, no;^i HasBameiii uLíght^ (cBirB), 
TpasTOBaBinaro o xyniaxi h t. n. CxpanHO ryrb ne to, ^to Tasifl 
Benp neiaTaiOTCfly a to, qxo hxi HHTaerb TaBafl yMHaa, ;r^OBafl 
iq^uca, Basi drors IlepsaecB! ^ h BOo6nsfi bi, AMepHsi, bi 
oČIntecTBi H Wh npecci, owb HeacHO, bo BaB^b-xo nocToanno-Ha* 
30ĚJIHB0 c^iuniHrb o eiiHpHTax'&, BTh BOHcf^epeHiúflxi), oén^ecTBaxi 
H T. n. n Kb HXB ByAaxTaBbflrb ciumHO TopsecTBO ycnixa! 

Bce dTo^ BOBerao, toji&bo HOBaa Masepa „de ga^er le pain 
sans trop de peine'' (sapatfaiMBaTb xjA6i> 6esT> óoJiBmoro rpy^a), 
He Óoibme. IIoroMy ^to BCb dra chhphtbi, npa Bcem CBoeMi 
o6ii^6flÍH ci xfxaicH, sacTaBjfliorb ne j^yxoBi, a apocxiix^B diepi- 
HHx-B njaiHTE sa hx^b ny&iHBaipH h Hs^anie. Bi diOMi OTHomemH 

OHH A&ieBH OTTb UeÓhy HO B^A^ adfbCb dTO HOHHMaiOrfc He BCŠ. 

Orroro hx'b ^cb h óojisme. H Gh sanpoBHByTOfi Hasaxx rojiOBOft 
OfPh cMorpijTE Ha HOAHHMaBndflCfl nepeA'B bem% rpoiraAH rop'B, c% 

HX^E (SeSMOJIBHIIMH, CnaBHIHJIH BO Tblfi, JI^CaHH. ^Opnafl XOMaHHaH 

xbhír BepniHH^B HeacHo paamqajiacb na 4>oh4 boihofo nefia. Fiiyxíe, 
neqasbHBie bphbh cobx npoHOCHJHCb na^i jicaMH, to^ho nepeBjíH- 
Kaacb Measxy co(}ok>. BoJbmifl Jiery^ifl Mbíma óedmynno ^leraiH 
Ha^i najaTBOfiy jioba CBiTaniHxcfl vb Bo^^jTb nao^BOMsixi. Csa^H 
Horo cTHxaii rosopx jarepfl, a H3'b naiaTBH aohochjeca xpan^B 
CHflHnaro IlepBHHca. Orb HacToa^aro ero míicjeh nepeHecjHCb na 
6yAyn(ee, bx BOOÓpaseHÍH BOscTanajia npHpo^a repnaBÍH, h eny 
npHHOMHHJOCb rSTeBCBoe: . 

TopuBifl BepaiRRBI 
CUňTb BO TBMÍ HOHHOff. 

Texía aojhhu 
noxHU cetseft Knofi. 

„H4rb, SA^Cb ne to! — npoHeciocb y nero bi yni. — Tomó 
ara „TbMa nonnafl" nojina rpési... MHpa... A s^icb bx nefi qyn- 
erByercfl onacHOCTb, 6opb6a. KaB0fi-HH6yAb majonafi HafiAorb no93Íio 
H SA^Cb, HO... yB'lpHBmHCb npesAe Bcero vb i^^octh CBoefii mBypu 
H Bi cnoB(^CTBÍH Hac^ieTb sejiyABa"... 

Ohi BApyrx BtiHpaMHJica, opoxojiaBafl CH^iTb, h sar^Mi BCTaJi'b 
cb Bpecja, BruAUBaacb. Ilpaiio nepe^i hhmi h ho^th hoa^ nep- 
Bofi jiHHÍefi ropHHX^b BepmHHi, T.-e. Aaieao na BscoTaxi, OH'b 
yBHA^'b CBŠTJoe opaHseBoe hatho. IIatho CBixa, bhahoc B'b Ten- 
HOTŠ. Oho Basajocb HenoxBHSHuiťb h to Mepsio, ho^th Bc?e3aso, 
to CBJ^THJOCb ooflTb. 6apoH'b ne snaai, Heny npHHHcaTb dTo ARie- 

Tom v.— Okthbpb, 1902. 34 7 



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526 moTHHBi EBPomi. 

Híe, H cnepBa o6i>ílcbvi^% ero aTMOc^pHHecsHMH EsiflHÍAMH. Ho oho 
6uJio HenoxBHSHO. IIpHHecfl h8% nuaiitH Chhorjib, oh'b j^oJiro na- 
6ji¥)}ifijii> ero, H, HaBOHei^; yBHA'6j'B, hto no aroMy opaHseBOMy 
oflTHy CB^Ta npoxoAHj[H, sacjOHflfl ero, TeMHHfl, TAHyemiflCH no- 
j[ocn. Oh%-to h yMeHBmajra ero cbšti. 

„JI^hitb! — nojiyifajix tiapoHi. — SeaTOrB, raifB, na sthxi bhco- 
Taxi, ecTB oroHB? MoseTB 6bitb, 8to OTKpuBaK)iaificfl ByjnsaHi?! 
OrpameHÍe a^epjra?! Ho dTOii y npeAinecTBOBan 6u no^seuEiaŘ ryjn, 
seMjeipnceHÍe. He^ero dToro He 6ujio. He MOserB, oxHaRO, Óhtb, 
qToCti 9T0 6iUH o«u, 8TH ^KoppÝ**. OroHB KOCTpa ĎiurB 6h jípy- 
rHM'B; CB TaRoro pascTOflHÍA, qepesi cjofi B03Ayxa ohi sasajiCH 6b 
RpacHofi orBOHEoft TOHBofi, Bi poA'i^ ROHi^a sasseHHofi nanepocRH, 
TTO-jiH. Ohi npHnoMHHjrB ofhh Ha boohhux^b tiHByasaxx h ifaHeB* 
paxx vb repMaHÍH, h dTO CBŠTfliqeecfl oatho sasajocB eny ne- 
otixncHHMiiiťB. Ha6j3H)Aafl ero ohatb vb 6hhobjb, oh'b hcho bha&tb 

TflHyBmifiCfl AUMT). SHaqHTB, CilJ^B OrOHB. Ho OrOHB HenOHflTHO- 

CTpaHHHfi! n nocji^ He5oj[Bnioro pasAyMBff, ohi thxo CBHCTHyjii 
ABa pasa. noflBHBmiňcfl HeeáHO, y«e sacnanHuit h Sochromi, o6^ 

flCHHJI'B, TTO CBÍTL dTOTB npOHCXOAHJB OTE SOCTpa HH^ftl^eBl, 

HO TTO 3T0 Kocxepi TaKH£[fi, HJiH i,fuego de gnardia^. 

— %o »e 9T0 sa TaftBHft Eocrepi? — HexoyM']^Baji'B 6apoH%. 
nojy^HKifi HeHá^o oCiachhjii eBponeflniy-i^HBHjiHBaTopy npieMi 

CRpuTÍfl orHfl. JI,jfl 9Toro HaAO pasBecTH ero bi smí cb 6orbe 
HHSROli, noAB-feipeHHoft CTopoHH, H t6mi OHa rjiy(J«e, tíitb 8T0 
jryHme. OrpaseHÍe hactb BBepxy, ho oho ho^th HOsaiťlbTHO h vh 
AecflTH niarax'B, lor^a Raní njaufl bhaho oneHB xajieRO. Ho cio- 

BaM^B HeH^HO, HHA^fil^lI B^B BOfinaXX MeiRAy CO6OH) H Ch 6^EIMH 

OTJiHHHO yM!k¥>Tb CRpuBaTB CBOlt JiarepB, HO TenepB oipasenie HrB 
ROCTpa BHAHO no CesB^ipeHEOCTH H en^e noTOMy, hto yrjyCieHÍe 
Herj[y6oRO, no TBepAOCTH rpynia. Ho onu jíflJíSiEu xopomo bha^tb 
jiarepB Óapona. 

— A RaR^B AMORO OHH CyAyTB OTB naci? — cnpocBJí 6a- 
poHt. 

HeHáHo ne yM^ji oĎihchhtb 9Toro no pascTOflHÍK), ho no Bpe^ 

MeHH OH'B AyM&il, HTO EEflíkňíSfií MOryTB CnyCTHTBCfl Rl HHMX Vh 

nojqaca. Ho, rohc^ho, ohh ne cnycTATcn: norpoM-B cjhqiromi na- 
nyrajii hx'b. Hh 6apoH'B, hh Maiopi ne snaiorB ero noApo6HocTeft. 
Ha Bonpocu 6apoHa no diOMy noBO^y h na ero o6šn^aHÍfl „ae 
paacepAHTBCfl", DeHáno coo6mHJii, ^to cani-neApoBCRift orpn^i, 
HOAi ROMan^ott H^Roero MyjiaTa Chjibbío Aa-BapBO, BucejflA hha^B- 
ufiwb orHeMi H Me^esTB, He oxRasajix ce64 vb y^OBOJiBCTBiflXT* ik>- 
6ÍAHTejeK: seHn^HH'B nomoM^ Bepeyorn HHAMqam, ho AByx'B x^- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA SOIOTHXl DHHCEIXI. 527 

Bymesi tebi h ocraBoiH fb ropox^, noTOMy hto obí tfiUH coBctirB 

emjd MOJOX^BBSifl H BpaCMBUH. 

PascKEdi dTon BOSMyTMi H npaBTHqeesaro ÓapoHa. „Cbotbi, 
SB^pe!' — f,yM9Ljrh obi, ho MOJi^an; noftasarb CBoe oispan^eflie bi 
8T0My cbotcbomj BacHJiiK), sapoBHTb vb jsjmy Berpa BCBpy 6o^r>, 

QHBHJHSaTOpX BC HO^yMaAl. ^Jlfi dTOFO Ofl^B 6uJťb CJLEmtiOWb Be- 

jraKflM% qejOB^BOMi, Aft H STO „EHcejieHÍe* saTŠfljTB OH^b se caiTB. 

— H qró se aTH A^yniBH... Obí conpoTHMHJtHCb? — cnpocBJTB, 
oxBasose, 6apoB'L. 

DeBÍt^o BHoyHBJíx rjasa, ae cpasy bohabx Boapoes. IIotom^ 
«ro poTB pacTflByjicfl yjudsofi nacxH. 

— PasyiiieTCfl, ob^ conpoTHBjfljíBCB. BtipuBaiBCE, nHqajB, 
HparajiBCb aa ^epefiba. O&b Cbijih iiojiOAeflkBifl h oÓBasesHua. Ho 
m% nottMajH. IIomoMh bxx CBflsaiH pyRaMH, T.*e. pysH oaboS cib 
pyBaMH ;ipyrofi, ttoCii Be y61^saiH. 3to Óeijio BeodxoAHMo. Ho 
•6flTb Hxi — Be 6hjh. 3to npaBAa. 

— IIoBBHaH). Cbotu bu ABBÍe... Hy, a paseBue tiiuH? 
OBasajiocB, qro 6íuih, xoth hb^tíKi^íi bo^th Be coBpoTBaiHJHCb. 

Ob BHMH Be 6ujo BX^B Bo;ixyHa, HHcaxi-Keppy. A to obh 6b* 
jracB 6u xo CMepiH, noTOMy qTO obb o^eBB yBasaioTB ero b 

KipflTB. 

— Obb? Fm... Hy, a th, ht6 o BeMx ^yMaerab? 

— ď... B... BBqero. A cb BBiťB A^a bo bmíh>. 

— KoBeHBO. Ho H cnpamHBaK), b^phbib ^b h tbi bi ero koji- 

JP>BCTBO? 

9toti BOBpoe% Henáio bohbxb Tose ho cpasy. BeacBJíie mh- 
4MH H cyeB^pBoe noiTenie b'b KOJAyay mšbi&ib eiiy ocTaBOBHiscB 
m^Kh H3CJi']&;i(0BaBÍeM'B ero BOJiAOBCTBa; bo obo 6wlo a^a aero ae- 
coMB^i^BHO, noTOMy ?T0 o^efiB^BO; TaB'B ^TO Berpy EaaaiocB aesi- 
poflTHHSTB ae BOJUOBCTBO Bflj^itqa, a aeapasBaBie tíapoaoH^b aioro 
saiAOBCTBa yABBJifl.io ero. 

Bapofi 9T0 noBfljii asi CBoero ;áaj[ora cb neaáno, a Tasas 
y<(isxeHBOCTB OBJíoÓBJía ero noroMy hmobho, ^to bi Elea&qo obi 
BHAÍ&wi'B ae eAHBBi^y, a xani cpeAu, b'b ROTopofi Hacaxi-Keppy 
naifljcfl cajtoii. neaáqo aa btotb c^erB cBasajii 6ojLhméj ^wh bx 
^y^aocTB xor&i'B, Bani pasÓojTaBoiittcfl AHEaps, b pesioMé ero 
tiojiTOBflH 6hjo to, qxo HncaxB-Keppf xota h BOJAyai, ao npB 
dTOiii noiesBufi a^ta 5'6;(botu, jih)5hmii1![ eio a nouyjBpBEifi. En^e 
BeMaoro, a owh 6u cBasaji, ?to a owh jih)6btx ero! 

EapoffB ^^mviM> ascji^AOBaTB... Ha pascnpocu ero o 0aKnuix% 
Mui^OBCTBa, Qea/lqo, Boae^ao, mopb 611 roBopaTB ao camaro pa3- 
CB^Ta. Ho tfapoai^ rpeóoaan ({)aBTOB'B, bha^bhuxi bmi canaMi, a 

34* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



528 moTHm bbpoioi. 

IleHáTO cooúBifĚn tjAjí,yíom,ee. HHcaxi-Eeppý xotíji^ npcfin vh 
6ojihBUM% apecraHTaiťB; ne cjiymafl sanpen^emfl CMfíiTb. ^3acoBOft 
yxapHji ero npHRi[aAOM'B vh rpyxb. TlEKbeu,% npoTflHyjTB nepex^ 
HHMi pysy, B coJXftTi ynai'B mamMfl CBpyasfceMi na seiuK), jh- 
i^oiťB BHH81. Bhaa 8TO9 jQiyrofi GoixarB) no npExasaHiK) IleHáio, 6po- 
rucfl Ha HHj^-lbfii^i Cb pyaBbeiTL „na nepes^CB^ h BCflsaro xpyroro 
npoBOJ(ur& 6u niTBisoMi nacEBOSB, ho xyn h eiiy ee yxaiocb: 
bm^ctí c% pysseiTb oh'b TSHyjicfl bi^ CTiny h, yaaBi, pasfiHXB ce<% 
HOCB AO BpoBH. A HHx^ei^^B npomairB. IIocjí 8Toro ero yse h6 
TponuH, H OH^ He ciynuucfl HHBoro, xase h iiaíopa. APyrofi cjt^- 
^afi. VLujs/bŘufiiWb sanpen^aeTCfl opyasie. KapayjLHufi oýHi^epi sa- 
aapiaa 0CTaB0BRjr& no noBOxy dxoro HHcaxt-Reppf b, pa8cepxfl<^^ 
ctfHJTB ci nero miflny. VlEfl!beu:b na 9to c6hjii ero sena. Torjia 
o^BDiepi BUByjiTB peBoiBBepi R CTa^i Bi nero crpijATB, BHorpij^ 
sa Bucrp&iOMi, Bcb mecTB sapflxoBi, — b ho tojkko ero se y($HJi%^ 
HO B panu ne Haneci, noTony ^to bc6 mecxB nyjb oBasancb na 
seMJii, a BHx^ei^i ymeji, CMtflCB. 

BapoHi cjymaii Bce aio, ÓjAjí^wbňy ne caxflCb^ cb tenoBJíeirE 
Bi pys^, CMorpfl BBepx'B, xyiiafly hto laMi, Ha 8tbxi BHOorax^By 
BparB, Haóuoxaa sa hbmx, MOserE 6eitb, fotobats nana^eHie. Xo*- 
jOAHafl 3Jio6a h xpesora aabhjih OMy xyjn;, ho ropxocTE i^hbhjih- 
saxopa sacTaBBJía ero CRpuBaTs cboh onj^yn^eHÍfl. OoBepnyB^B ohatk 
specio Bx jarepH), ohi (Ajtl^ noBHAHMOMy caoBOfiHHfi, nepeAi> ctobb- 
niBiTB IleH&qo. 

— Tu xopoHio CA'6jai'B, ^to cooCh^bjtb ero mhí, TBoeiiy nar 
HaiBHBBy. HanajiBHBBi Bce jtfijussewh sHaib. Dotom'e, xoserb 6hm>y 
ysHaeniB h name sojaobctbo... Tki lejec^oni snaemb? 

— SnaH), ceHBopi. 

— SnaemB? Tx* me th ero bh^^jb? 

— 6'B KypyM6i, bi npomj[OM'B roxy. Ho toobbo oh:b hotoitb 
CBopo ynepi. 

— Teje^OHx-TO ynep^B? ^a nrb se 9to no TBoeny^ 

— A OHI 6ujn> 6paBBJiBCBÍfi renep&ii npi o6MÍBfb peapyroBS 
na rpaHHi^, ceHBopi. 

— Fm... botb ^Tb\., Hy, BBAHmb jie, B^ TeJie(|)OH^ hítb hh- 
^ero HB reHepajbcsaro, hb fipasBJíBCBaro. Ji xot^'b le&b 9tbm% 
CBasaTB, 9T0 y &hj[aTb octb xoace rojaobctbo... H nosajyfi crpam-^ 
Hi^e. Ho 9T0 noTOiTB, a TenepB tbi f,oji3Ren'b SHaxB, hto tboS Hh- 
caxi-Keppf npocTO njyrB. Th ero MOsemB OoflTBCfl, ho tu Bce- 

TaSB fl MOHA AOJSeHTB OOflTBCfl, HOTOMy ^TO CB SOlIAOBCXBOMX BJB 

6e9h sojixoBCTBa, a a Te6fl xyrofi corny o^Hofi Moefi crposofi na 
6yMar^. HoHairB? H s ne&b npBBaBKíBaio, CTporo, — b Te&bj h Bceft 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA SOJíOTEnCB nPIHCRAXX. 529 

TBoefi qepHoft cdojoct (canalla negra) — npe nepsoiťB ero npHÓJiH- 
seHÍH nocuJiaTb eny nyjio. H i^&iHTbCfl xopomo. H yBHAHmb, ^T0 

ÚWh CBaiHTCfl. nOBflJTB? 

IleHá^o 7rpH)M0 HOjraajTE. 

— UoBnjn> JH TU, HTd fl Teůb npEsasHBaio? — CAepsneafl pas- 
jqpaxeHie, cnpocHJi tiapoHi. 

— noEfljL, ceHBop'B, HO TOJíbEO OHX He CyxeTE... 

H ne xosoH^HBi, ohx tohho npHC^Jii na pacTOQNrpeHHiir& ho^ 
ran h pascTaBSBi pysH... 

BHHsy y BOcrpoBi B^pyrb rpaByj^ BucTpftji, noiowh pasxa- 
jracb raioca oépenojoxa. Cjhoiho 6ujio, BaB^B ciaji co6avB cb 6^ 
meHEmi jraeirB necjacB no jioh^hhí bhhsi no py^BK). IIotoms 
8Ta raMMa hx'b Jiaa cpasy upeciBsacB, to^ho oÓopBaiacB... Y bo- 
<rrpoBx pasxajiHCB rojioca pyraBmexcs Jioxefi h eMÍx%. BapoHi, no 
nepBOMy notiysx^K), cxBaTHJiCH sa peBOJtBBepi y noflca h ocrano- 
BH.icfl Bi dTOiTB ;q3H2BeHÍH, cJTymaa 6acB pyraBmarocH DeHá^o^ 
<tecTpo cdisasmaro b^b BOCTpaM^B. 

— B^poflTHo OHHTB BaBoro-HHÓyxB líe^^iaceHBa WeTp'&SRIH?-*- 
pasxucfl Bsi najaTBH HeAOBOjrbHuft rojioci pasCyrneHnaro Dep- 
SHHca. --HerpEi BaBi xkTB — BejiHBÍe oxothhbh ao crp^^jBÓH h myiia. 

— ^a, dTO B^pHO. Ho crpaHHo, sasi B^pyrB sanoj^ajiH co- 
éaBH! — cBasajTB h PflBepo. 

— Mil 9T0 cefiqacB ysHaenx, — cBasajTB 6apoH^ h, cšbi b% 

BpeCJO, AaJTB ABa CHrHaiBHIlX'B CBHCTBa. 

depeši hícbojibbo MHHyrB, vb conpoBoaK^teflÍH IleHá^o, b% ch^ 
j^Bmexy fiapony no^omaii h no^THTesBHO ocraBOBHJiCfl, chafb 
nuumy, „HapoqHuft'' hb^b patfo^Hxi, BOToparo owh mjífijii» tojbbo 
Ba CJrbAyion^ A^hb ci nHCBMaMH h rpysoni hbx GaH'B-IIejq>o. IIo- 
xejraBi Óapony Ao6po8 hoih, 0H^ o&bňCBMJVh^ — noxasas fiapony sa-^ 
oe^aTaHHufi naaerB, — 4To ■ CHHBopa Jliocifl Topoo&ia ero ixaTB 
HO coB^Ty CBflTiixT» OTi^oBi (santos padres). 

— Hrb TU xo^eniB bthmi cBasaTB? — enpocHii oBaxa^ieHHEifi 
4SapoHi. 

— Bama cynpyra npHRaBaja mhí topodhtbca, norony ^to ohh 
tasí efif CBas&sH, cenBopi. 

— To-ecTB, BTO ae 8to „ohh**? — ne OTGTaBaj'B^ ee noHHMafly 
(SapoHi, ch naBeroMX vh pyBaxi. 

— Csa^rae oti^u, ceHBopi. 

— Jíft tu DBAHl, qtO-JIH? ?Td BHá^HTB: ,,CBflTHe OTI^K COBÍ^TO^ 

Bára'' Moet cenBopi?.. 

Bb najiaTB^ pasxaBaicfl CMtxi. „Hapo^HuB^ — BpeojTB — >aio(ÍHO 
CMOTpljrB Ba 6apoBa. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



530 BfbCTBXKb BBPonu. 

— Hxx 61MO jBoe, ceBBopi. fl Biepa hxx cani bha^jx, — 
OTB']b^ajÉi H&aufi. 

— Ziim Teufel... Wildes Land! — Bupyraica Capoei h o6ep- 
Hyjicfl SX najiaiKi: FocnoAJt, ^t6 9to snaurB: „CBame otqu^? 

— 9to BipoflTHo $paHii[HCKaHAS-iiHC€ÍOHepu; xpym^B BA^efc* 
híti,— CMtflCb, OTBiqajii PHBepo. 

— A... a, Aa... BoTB wó!.. Mh bto ceflqacB yanaeiTB. — Hy^ 
a rpyBí opmesi? 

Fpysa ne ORasajocs. Cenbopa TopomiJia ixaib, npocB au 
rpysa, na saBxpa, xpyroro „ecjiH yacx HeLibSH o6oftTHCb^. SflMHrB,. 
tfiijio ^TO-TO cepbesHoe! Bapon'B oxaycTHJii Maiaro, npesasan^ 
IleHá^o Ha saBTpa oxnpaBHTb Apyroro ^Hapo^Haro^, aruBHoe — ne 
8a6biTb ero npHKasaBia. 

OiiyTHO npexHyBCTByfl qTO*TO HeapiflTHoe, Moserb ÓHTb onac- 
Hoe, B'L BTofi ToponjiHBOCTH JíiocH, 6apoHi He Bomerb bi najany, 
TO^HO H36irafl TOBapH^^. DpasasaB^b Fancy npH(SaBHTb orsB vh 
jaMn^ H noABHHyBí specjo Kh oTKpuTOMy nojiOTHHmy naiaTKi^ 
Offb pasopsan naKerb h nainejii bi Hem nHCbua orb EpoiiJieesiiy. 
Haiopa H jIioch. Ha^aBi qHTaxb axo noci^AHee, obi ^yBCTBOBajii,. 
^TO orb BOJiHeHÍJi no 6yMari npoHOcaicfl nflXHa. E^b efl nHCbiiy 
6wio npEioaseHO nHCbMO Hacxoflxejui ^paaniHCsaHCsofi mhccíh, oxi^a. 
DaxpHiúo, H nepBoe BpoMfl BOd6ysAeHBoe cocTOflHÍe Óapoaa ui- 
majo eiiy ^axaxb coanaxejbBO. 

JJiocu nHcaja eny, ^xo ziy hhmi wb jsfiwb npHmeji^b HHcaxi* 
Keppy, H OHa AOuiHa Sujia npHHBXb ero. Oai roBopHjii cxpam- 
HUB Ben^H o paspymeniH HHAifiCKaro noceieHÍfl h 8BŠpcxB& aer- 
poBi, Bi ^eu^> h bhhhji iiaíopa h ero, Óapoaa. Ofli» npHfliu%^ 
npeAynpeABXB, hxo 06a ohh norafiByrb, ecjin se oexaBBxi Baxwp«- 
Hx8, 9X0 fiapoH^b He cosAacxi HHqero xaM'B, tm.% shjih ero asepraa. 
0H'b9 HHcaxx-Keppy, KJiBBexcB HKeHOiťb BejBBaro A;xa b% xom, 
qxo He Aacxi xopacecxBOBaxb 6&[uhi, 1x0 Bax^api^-HxB Cy^ers 
Hxi MOTHJiofi, ecjiH OHH He ocxaBflxx ero. Ona xopooHxca cooG- 
n^HXb dxo 6apoHy, yMOJiflfl ero BepnyxbCfl bx CaHi-IIeApo, a ^íbif^ 
ycxpoHXb HOxoMii no corMmemio ci> HHAtSiiiaMH. Ona yn^pena, 
9X0 OHH noAroxoBJiflH)xi> cxpaniHoe a*J0, noxoMy qxo xaKi se flj- 
Maexi H oxei^i DaxpHiúo, npi1)xaBniífi npexynpeAHXb ee, h no en 
npocbfiaMi OHI corjacHJicfl Hanncaxb Capony, bsab^ ci nea 06b- 
n^anie, 9x0 nBCbMO ero 6apoHi ne nepe^acrb Ha^&ibCXBy, x-ifi 
ÓojEbmaro xaBJíeHia na HHA^fii^eBi. Oaa yBipena wb HecqacxiH. 
IIoMHMO BJiaTBi HHcax'L-Eeppy H npeAynpeaiA6BÍa oxi^a IlaxpHiuo, 
OHa BHA'&2ia yoacHufi conx, hjih, jyqnie csasaxb, „BHA^bnie"' CMepTR 
Bckxi Hxi. CnepBa ona BHA^jia bc^xI) hxi h hxx naiaxsH aarepA, 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA BOJOTUn nPlftiCKAX'S. 531 

saB:B tiyxTO AHeicB... (QpH aTOM'L onecaia m']&cthoctb). A hotohi 
CB^Th noryxi h ^pnaa xeiiHOTa BaK'L 674x0 Bce osyTajia... Ilpi- 
ymvb s^h Hefi luuo-no-iiajy CBoe spd^HÍe, onaBHAija, „sasi (JuHCb, 
aoAHHMaflCb Ksepxy sa TBoefi najaiBoSy hoah, b crpamHuň myir^ 
sarjiyinaji^b Bce^... IIocj^dToro bbjiííbuIj BOTopoeoHa HM&ia AHeni, 
saApeiiaBi bi naBHAoa-lb^ oea h pimHiia — ne aocujiafl npoBHsÍH, 
DociaTE „HapoHHaro^ HeiieAiieHHO se. RoHqajia oea imcBMO odat^ 
iiojb6aMH o BOBBpameHÍH. 

IIhc&mo OTi^i naTpHi](io no cthjh) ówío cobcími ApyrHifL. IIo^ 
KasuBafl o6AyMaHHOCTB BiipaseHÍfi, obo Óbijio csyno aa cooÓqeHÍfl 
HenyjuiÓOj to^ho orei^i Úaipaiúo roBopHJi^B ne Bce hjeb ropasAO 
neHune Toro, htó sH&n. G'l spafiBHMi coauu^aieiii^ cooónsfia^h owh 
o nocTynxaxi^ HerpoBi, — ^ nocrynsaxi, soHenHO^ coBepmesHO Heas^ 
BÍcniuxT> HH BaifL, HH AOCTOĚHOMy Maiopy Ropxdcy h npocB^^eH- 
HOMy (ilustrado) npaBHxejiBCTBy Eojhbíh". Oh'l cqnxaji^ neofixo^B- 
MHM'B ycnoROHXb BOstfysAeHÍe nHA^fii^eBi>y BOsspaxHXB oxhaxuxib 

HHAÍflHOKX, BOSCXanOBHXL npaBO CeMóH, yAOBJeXBOpHXE H ycnoEOHXb 
OiÍHSeHHUXl. 

n HH dOBa — 061 onacHocxflxx hjih yrposaxi... Koho^ho, no- 
TOMy Hxo OEÍ yjse ÓescMucjieHHU. DoryČaxb bcíxi hxi*, CAÍ^jax& 
£axqapi>-nxd hxi MoroioK... Ho htó oni> co6cxBeHHO Mosexx ca^- 
ďaxB AJtfl dxoro, He ptmaacB Haoacxb? — JI.HHaiiHxoMi oópymaxb 
Ha flHx% ropu? Ho a^a dxoro HaAO h rpoMaAHua jifiEhvn, h SHaHÍe. 
O^eBHAHO, 6e8caJBHufi ji^jia 6opb6ii, ohx cxaBHxi nperpa^u nyxeifb 
BHTpHrb c^ MOHaxaMH H nyrafl JIk>ch. Ho ohi> ycnijn> xojibBO B'b 
uocAififiewhj x.-e. ohx Hanyrajii JIcoch, h ao xoro, hxo oea bh- 
xbssL HecyniiecxBOBaBniee bha^híb xohboxu h mbrx l-xo nodnuMoe" 
muacM BBepxy 4K)Aefi. Ho dxo noAHflxie HMenao sa ero aajax- 
sofi — no nonmu npMMOú cmíwih ropnofi xeppacu — aeBOSMOSHO h no- 
sasiiBaerb, hto ona ae BHA^a mícxhocxh, a sna^a ee ciiyxHO H8'b 
pascKasoB^ „napo^Hiixi'', ne 6ojbme! 

dnvh HOBuň npieM^ HHA^^a bi> cyn^HOcxa ho uobi: ohi ne 
fmexs Ai^J^nie yrposi! Ho 06a 9xh nncbMa ao xoro oBjaA^i^H 6a- 
pofioirb, iTO OHI ne xox^i HHxaxb Apyiifl, ^yBCXByfl noxpeÓHOcxb 
„paacMSpaxbCfl*' b o6cyABXb Basoocxs hxi, hxi cepbesnocxb no 
y^acTÍH) Wh ]sihM!b oxoa UaxpHqio. Hi^o sanpexHXb JIioch hphhh- 
xaTb MBjfbŘuiBk H GAyujaTb ero yrposu. H, Koae^Ho, cRpuxb hxi 
OTB TOBapHn^efi, ne cnyxHXb h£l h PnBepo. He scxasafl ch specja, 
ofli cnpocHJi^ H£B o<h> OTuíb Haxpniúo. PaBepo, OEasajocb, snaj^b 
efo yae Aasno. 

— Sto oneBb oCpasoBanHuS qe^oatsi. KasexcB, ohi pyccsítt. 



Digitized by ViiOOQIC 



532 raoTfiHKi £BPonu. 

Ohi ycxpoBJí^ sjíibch mhccíío h o^eeb nonyj[flpeH'B Mes^y HH^Uf- 
ufij&B. — A nosBOJiBTe ysHaxB, ht6 ohx ort HacB šejiaerB? 

— A OHI, BHAHxe JIH, aaayeTCfl na BHcejeHie HH^tňi^eB^. Ho 
HH^ero oco(5eHHaro ho npocHTb, — saMflicfl 6apoH'b, ne osH^aBinift 
dToro Bonpoca. — Ummerh xopomo, ho ne xopomH ero npíeMn. 

— ^TÓ »e 9T0 3a npieMH? — cyxHMi tohomi cnpocHXB, bm*- 
maBniHCB, IlepBHHci. 

— BesxaETHHe... TRsuiyBCh na exy „Tpoío*, b% Eoxopoft Toae hc 
o6oniJocB 6631 ' EjieHu, oh^ Mor^ 6u, KaBi o6pa30BaHHUft ^eio- 
BŠB^b, Be irlbmaxB b% axu raAOCxH mok) HaxHMHyio »HdHE, — corja- 
CHxecfc! Morx 6u npi4xaxb cio^a, oíhflCHHXECfi aiH^HO... A bmícto 
dxoro OH'B Hanyraji'L JIioch, Boxopan, 5jraro;iapfl eny, BóoÓpasaerB, 
qxo MH xyxi aKBCMt cpe^H Chxbi h cpaaKeuifl! Bort qxo náš ^oca^HO. 

— Fm... 3Haexe, Óapoax, & ^^ynaio, tto nanyraj^B OHt Bamy 
cynpyry BonpesH CBoeMy srbmeíio. SÍ wh ^xoifL yB^peni. B'b cho- 
meHÍflx^B me ero cb BaiiH Mepeax nee, fl BHSsy, naapoxHBi, ny- 
6oBÍB xaKxx... pasc^exi. 

— ÍTÓ BH xoxHxe BXHM-B cEasaxB? — jLejífiEuwb xoHOMi eiipo- 
CHJll ^apoH^B. 

— Bei 9x0 nolíMexe, rjiffAfl mnpe... oÓHHMan (kubnrie HHTepecu 
jiH^BOcxeS. HaAO 3HaxB yosoBÍH ero shshh h A^xeJBHOCXM. Ohi ne 
BtfierB onopu sA^mnaro jiH6epajiBHaro — na CJ[OBax'B! — npaBHxejiB- 
cxBeHHaro MÍpa, h opaxopBi MyBHsaBH eMy cRopte BpasAe^HH. 3xícb 

HMÍIOTB BX BHAy He I^HBHj!IH30BaXB HHAMllieBB, a AO(ÍHBaH)TCfl aifH- 

rpai^OHHuxB eBponefiCRHx^ chj'b h RaoHxajioBi. BpasHjrífl roHHirB 

CBOHX'B HHAMl^eBX Bl 60J[HBÍK), a OXCIO^a HX'B rOHflrB Wb Ila- 

parsafi hjih bx Bpa3HjiÍH) se. MHA^fii^u dxo h snarorB, h qyB- 
cxByiorB, h chochxbch cb BaMH jihhho jviB oxi^a DaxpRi^io Gbímo 
Bey^oÓHo... T.-e., no Bpafieefi iiip*, xenepB, noxa... 

— Xopomo; ohi, snaqHxi, ne ^ym^h xnnjOMaxHHecsHXi npíe- 
MOBi. A HTb 8X0 sa JIHHHOCXB? Sflaexe? 

— SÍ 3HaK) ero no ero npiíaAaMx, hjth, jry^rae CRasaxB, npo- 
^3AaM'B qepesi AfiB'B-E[xa. Ohi— pyccsifi. $aMHJÍH ero Heefiaio, xa, 
Baatexcfl, h hhkxo ero 3a4cb ne snaex^. Bc4 soByx^ ero omomt 
naxpHi^io, HJiH, no-HcnancKH, „C^jioRypuM-B oxi^omx"— „padre rubio". 
Ohi MeAHK^B H, sasexcfl, xopomifi MeAHB'B. 3aHHMaexcfl CoxaHHROff, 
XHMÍefi H, nacROJBRO ero ysnajn, SHBexi acReroitB. ?ejOBŠB'B 
H^eH. Eny xenepB orojio mecxHAecaxH jvbrhy ho ohx en^e o^eHB 
RP'6noR'B. IIpH dxoifB opraHHsaxop^B, nponaraHAHCxi h HirierB Óoxb" 
moe Bj[ÍBHÍe na cbohxx o^amenuuM^ ROxopEie (Mysati eMy SBe- 

HOMl H OHJIOXOITB OVb AHRHX^. TaRl qXO, ynpaBJflfl BC^MH HMHy 

OHI AOJiaReH'B 6uxB ^npocx^ RaRx rojiy6B h ny^pi RaRx snifl*. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA SOJOTUXl nJPliiORAX'B. 533 

— Bh, Baserofl, ero xopomo ysflaiH... Ho HSBHHHxe aa bo- 
npocb: He ohi jih ^^^'l BairB „Light*"? 

— Biř yraxajH — oht*. A no^aiy aro BacB HHiepecyeiTb? 

— Qo«.. HecoBirlcTHMocTH noH8TÍfi: Bti H noTh pyocRÍi o6a 
pasBHTue xtoxa rpyxa h... HHHaiaTBBu, a ^Hraere h HHxepecye- 
TecB ;^zaiíH h t. h. HHTepecHO oto, a ne »Light" KoneqHo. 

— H o;^HaKO»e owb cibuTh BBHMaHifl, xota 6u noiOMy, wo 

HpOBBBOXHn „HeeOBlfÍCTHM0CT& HOHflTifl''!.. 

— Ho fl He ji^Maio, rroóu cnHpHTBSMi Mors Buin cepBes- 
Hoe BHa^eme, — hox^obho CKasajii PHBepo. 

— He AyMaere... noroMy hto Bootfn^e o sewb ne ^ynaiH eqe! 
— CRsasjíi, nepKHHCB, He 6e9h npoHÍH. 

— HÍTE, He DOTOiry. A no caiioHy ero npcHcxcs^eHÍio, — Cb 
HpesHefi (f^JierMoli fobophjtb Phb^po. — Ha^ajcfl oh% <r& Toro, ^to 
Vb C.-AMepflK% samfl-TO „iraeci^ ^kcx h KyRCi yciuman CTyra 
XýxoBi. TasRHx otfpasoM^B nonHjracb ora hobocte vh Hamem co- 
hdbwb yase ne hobomx idpš — h 3to, corjiacHTecB, ne pesoMen- 
AyeTB CHBpHTHsua. BosBiieMi xhmík), acTpoHOBfiH), MexHifHHy. 3th 
SHafliii AonojiHfliOTCfl hjih, xonycTHMi, HBMtHflioTCfl, HO ohh nepe- 
&HaH Bisa, H ne 6apiiniHH hxi saTŠfljH. Bon htó ae cepbesHO 
m> Baineirb cnHpHTH3M<iy — corjacHiecb! 

BapoHTb pasciiifljicfl. TypHspi safiBifaro ero ne no caifOMy 
Bonpocy, a no cejA 5opK>n^Hxcfl. 

— dra „HeM^epbeBHoerb^ octb pesyjiBTan HeHatfjoowreAHOCTH, 
— orjařbnsLJi% cnosofino HepKHHcrB. — Mu SHaeirb hb^ xofi se Bh&iíh, 

HTO CnHpfiTHBlTb CTapX BaB% MÍp%. HpOflBJEeHÍfl OFO 61MH BO BCÍ 

BpeMOHa H y bcíxi napoxoBx, i.-e. Bea^i h Bcerxa. Ho naoíHpo- 
BaHHiiifl, HenOHflTUfl hjh Aypno noHflnifl, ohh se Cwat co6paHU, 
o^piueHti H ocB^n^eHLi Haysofl. Ohh sasyTen bobumh noTOMy, 
HTO npesA^? necMOTpfl na i^HBHJiH30BaHH0CTB — cnopnyiD hih xosa- 
saHRyio, 9to BcepaBHO,— ?ejioB%^ecBHx% oÓh^hhi, ices^y hbmh ne 
6wio HacTOfln^aro e^HneHÍfl, hjth, npo^e cKasasi, ÓHcrpoTu b Jier- 
BOCTH cootfn^enií. Oapi h dJieBTpHqecTBo, o&ferterb seiuK)^ coexH- 
HHJH — ÓojiBme noBa tojbeo uHeiBn^ee— ^eiOBinecTBO, a orciOAa no- 
iBHjacB H cnjioieHHOCTb npesAe paaposHeHHiix^b, HeBSBicTHurb 
H noTOMy Basi 611 ne cyn^ecTBOBaBniBXi npesA^ npoflBjenifi... Ta- 
BHiTB oópaaoiťb, OHH, dTH npoflBJieHÍH, a ne ÓapiiniHH cocTaBHJH 

(mHpHTHSMl, CeHBOpl! 

PHBepo ne oTB^^ajrb. BapOH^B Toase moji^bji, ho cb sara^oq- 
Hofi yjmésofi na ryfiax^B. 

— Xopcmio, HepRHHCB, — csaMjn obi. — Bce bto ohohe y({*- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



534 noTHflsi EBPomi. 

XHTejíBHO... Ho CBasHie: dTort pycosifi, OTeii'B IlaipHipo, xopomo 
BHaeTt cxpaey? 

— To-ecTB, 3Ty TOCTb? Bojlhbík) owh ZBBevh MeBbrae EpasHxÍH, 
AyMaK). Ho Bce-TasH sxbch obi^ yse owm XB^saxitaiH jAvb, sa- 
zeTCfl; xajťb ^to aiy ^acTB Boihbíb ohi seaen xoponio. 

— BipoflTHO. H xa^eso orcioAa ara... ero HHceifl? — cnpami- 
Baďi> ÓapoHi. 

CBi^A^HÍfl 06% dTOMi Aajíi PHBepo. ^paHDíHCBaHcaafl MHcdfl 
6tub, Ha npOTHBonoJOSHofi CTopoH!& rop'L, y noAHoa^bfl BOTopiixi 
pacnojioseHi JiarepB CapoHa^ ho vh oath bm inecTH usuuxh bhbsi 
no pyHiiK). ropu BBepx'L no py^bio H^yrs na o^enb Aue&oe pas- 
OTOflEÍe H soHqaioTCfl, Tasí CBaBaib, yraipascb hjih tohho bxoaa 
vb 6aiBmoe osepo, coaxannoe ropnuMR noTOBaMH. H31 sToro osepa 
H 6epyrb eanaio py^bH — £aK'b Bajwpi-Hra, xas^B h py^eft, TeRynúfi 
no CTopofii ýpani^HCBaHi^eKb, npeBpais^aion^i&cfl y Hxi mhccíh yae 
vh p&By H AOBOJKbHO 6iiCTpyio no nauoBHOCTH efl pycjia, on cpaB- 
HHTeJbHofi BucoTH osepa. OxcioAa H BasBaeie £ax«]ap'b-HTd, T.-e., 
„Bucosafl fioxa^. %o s&e ao hxx pyv»fl, lesyn^aro no jioiahh'6, to 
npesxe BMÍCTO nero 6ujia piaa. MBCcionepu-iesynTU Bocnoxbso- 
BajiBCb eH>^ ycrpoBBi njiOTRBy jím opoiseHifi pncoBiixi nojeS, h 
sfljiB tíoraxo. Ho uu^Em PBBepo, ne xypno (jfiuo On saBasan 
Cflomeflifl cb ^^paBi^BCKaBi^níB, npoj[osHBi» Aopory ^epe3'B ropy. 

nepKHHCb M0J[^aji'b, BO 6apoflx> ofloópui dTOTB npoeBTb. $paB- 
ipesaBipi Moryrb 6uTb nojEesHu... 06pani(eflBue eba^Siiu npHAyrb 
HCBaiB pa6oTíi, MoryrB osasaTb ycjiyrB npn esyTOBÍB mí^ctbocth... 
H BoaeqBO, ^'Ibi> obb ÓyxyTx BaÓosBJte, tími 3to jy^nie. Pas* 
roBOpB npBHai'L tob% b Baupasjenie, xopomo noA^i^ficTBOBaBmee aa 
060BX1 nposeBTepoBi, ho necTBufi HepBBBcrb, xMypacb, npexio- 
asfljii cnaib, HanoMBHBi bm^ npeAcroanúe ipyAu b pa3i'iteABi agB* 
TpamBflro abh. 

drOy OABaaose^ ae yxajocb Biťb. Hecicojpfl Ba ycTaJOcrb^ SBofi 
nporoBflJi'b cofli. Ho coB^iy PaBopo^ pšmnjiB ocb^xhtb TOMnepa- 
xyp; nyxem siasBOcxB. OnBXb na ABa cBBCxaa noflBBjíCfl neaiiqo 
B 3axŠMi) noA'B ero aaAsopoicb, co^AATu-Herpu npBHBJíBCb xacsaTb 
BeApaiffl BOJiy bsi pynba, noJEBBaa b seMJno, h nojoxBun^a na4aTaH. 
^'lilcxBOBajiB OBH xasi ycepABO, hxo Pasepo cb CapoBoiii eAsa 
ycn^jifl cnacTB orb boau cbob qepxesH. npOBSBOAeBBaa bms- 
Bocxby A'^ficx6Bxej[bflO, noBBSBJía xennepaxypy, b xo^ho xojioxbom^ 
novbojio OYh seiuB, noA'b noABflxuMB BpaflMB naiaxBB. 

Jl^binia CBo6oAB'le h o6paAOBaBBue dXBMi, i^BBBjrBdaxopH sacay^a; 
ho 3X0 Óujii, aenpiflXHO npepiiBaion^ificH coB'b, b obb qacxo npo- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA SOIOTIilJLl nPIRORÁX^B. 53 5 

ciinaiHeBy oÓJuxBSíňCb nóroirL, sacHjrBi cdoboího tojbbo nepe^x pas- 

CBiTQJfB. 

YTpo 6wio He H8i npíflTHsxib H BHatt He yiieBunajGfl. Pb- 
Bepo, oxHEKoaBe, nepeHOCurB ero ho^th ne sairisíM h oCoKpaJíi* 
o6oHxi^ TOBapHii^efi. 3ho8 Tflsejo qyBCTByercfl nepsHe Tpa^^eruipe 
XHji, H Jiy^mefi samoToK on aero auflercfl xi^ia uh npocio ro- 
joxB. no ero Ha&noAeidflMi eíljí,% eotfofi a ea^^ xpyraMH, chjibbo 
raioxHiiii lejKOB^Krb no^TH ne erpa^aerB on sboi h, bo Bcjucoiti^ 
ciynaš, se crpa^aerb roiOBHiíMQ 6OJIH110; ho B08j;epaiaHÍe Heo6xo* 
KBMOj HBOSxepsaHie otb nHTba-^eaiioe jEy^meeA^^- cxpa^an on 

BHOfl, MOJBSO HHTB BO^y BeApaMH, Jl.0 pBOTU, HO He HOrKEBl MJaíffíy 

a ycHJHB<K TOUBO BUA^eflie noTa, oohth MpjoÚJLBBsmu hite. Yto- 
4HTB sasAy mosho TOJbBO Harpérofi bjih no^TH rOpH^ei boxoB. 

£0^ oHiH 6e8% caxapy, eioa 11 roroBue bi onisAy. BnHsy 
y nasaTOBi ctoaib yse ocŠAJi&BHiie m yju, orfiHBaaeb (m ciinHefl 
H OBCAOBTE. IIoaBHBmiĚcfi „HapoiHEzfi" aaooiiBHJx 6apoHy o JIK)CH, 
H OHrb Óucrpo HaÓpocam ell nic^MO no-H^neipLHy na aron pas^ 
Aase caHTHMeHTajibHoe. 

„Meine immer liebe Lussi,— oHcai^B ohi títy — en^e jěAcboj&eo 
AHefiy Hosen 6iiTb HeA'6JB, h a oÓBHicy Te<5fl. OnacHOCTH HHsa* 
BOĚ H^n H tfHTb ne nošen; ocrasb cboh CTpaxH, h TOTAa ne tiy- 
Aemb 6ojibme HMŽTb CTpamHiixx chobi. £cih ho xo^mb oropqmTb 
TBoero Ph«iih, to pobh, apocTO-rasH tohh eroro iHA;6fieKaro npBHi^ 
aBaHTK^pHCxa, h6o b nojiosHTejibHO sanpeqaio xetfi npHHHMaTS 
dToro HeroAflH h cjrymarb ero BSAopi^. IIpH aroicK, Kianflicb oti^ 
naTpHióo, 0H'b HO dJiaroAap&n aa ero npexynpeaKAeHÍfl h, rjiaB* 
Hoe, npocHJTb HeiteAieHHO se Bucjiamh rpysib hpobhbíh na hoa^^íth). 

nepeAi on'b8AOM'b nocMorpin na TepMOnerpí, h, HecMOTpH 
Ha paHHÍfi laci yxpa^ 6huo 42^ wb t^hm. BapoMorprb npexcsasH- 
Baji'b „cyxyio noroAy". 

Bapofli B PHBepo noixajiH bo r^aBŠ OTpflia, bhhsi^ no py9b». 
npB W'6 pascisaeMiifi BOSAyxx, Baaajioeb, yjfeHbm&n bhoA, h pas* 
roBopi AaBajii xopomee HacTpoeme. j^xam, erapascb A^pBaTbCfl 
t6bh ropit HO nOAHBMaBmeeCH cojiHiiie csopo craao npocTO se^b 
cmmu BcaAflmcoBi, h ohh p^hihjih nycTHTb wh ra^oni, naA^Cb 

BA BHBOCJUÍBOeTb BpeOIbCBOi JOHiaAH B Myjl0B!b. K% QABHHaAOaTB 

TOcaMiy Bi pa8rap!b naimaro shoh, vbíxajH bi rycryi) ^amiy 
aícsl yse y BnaAHHH Óojora. 

H SfflBOTHBfl, B BCaAHBBH O^JlBBaJlHCb ndTOMi; nOJtyHpaBl UD^B 

Baaaorcfl bms caMiorb OTpaAHiíMi m'&cto]ix. He tepsa speMOBB, 6a- 
poffb opHBasajii crpoHTb SnByaai B3*b sepAeft, ajka saBrpasa, b pas* 

C^A^aib JKBBOTBHXX, npKBHBaBb Bn B'B HtLUl^. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



536 raOTHHRX EBPOIIH. 

Cbhíq uo^sfl AUMa QOTflHyjiHCB BBepxy Mea^icy A^peabAím; 
sanaxjEO sapeeuMi ea Bepieji macomi. 6apoH'B h Pusepo Ji6sa.ra 
Ha QeMjAj onHpaflCb JiosTeiťB na cbjí^ío. 'Bcrb hicb ne xotšjocb, 
HO OHH He OTRasajiHCb OTB CTaKaHa BO^u ch soHbflRoiTB H es Ha- 
CJraxxeHieiťB RypHjiH. 

Uocjrb OTAHxa h saeipaRa HeiceAJeHHO npHHfljiHCB sa patfoTy. 
%ma, cnycBaBmaflCfl ri OojOTy, ne Hii&ia, noBHXHMOiiy, npOTfl- 
2KeHÍH 6ojr&e xBamaTH-nflTH caseH^, ho naRJiOHHOCTB ho^bh CRpa- 
AUBaja paecTOflHie. PHBopo es Tpeirfl cojiAaTaMH nomerB bhhsi, 
py6fl Jii&EH, Hy pascTaBiflfl amejOBu, BTiiRaJii ext> B'b seMJíK) Ha pas- 
3i^peHHux'B pa8CT0flHÍflX'B. Bnepej^H hhxx nocTaBosH sna^ORi cb úi- 
jiuwb ROjeHRopoBHifB (j^jaroiťB, onpeA'^flfl hitb nanpaBJíeHie. 

— B% Tonopu, pe6flTa! Qepe;^OBaTBCfl, h 6esi> ji'Ihh! CRopie 
ROH^HMi,— CRopie Ha 6oRi noBaiHMCfl, — CROMaHAóBaai 6aporB. 

CojiAaTBi npHHflJiHCB sa py6Ry. Cnepsa py^HJH Bcb ^ecATB ne- 
rpoBi, noTOM% paB;i'&!HJHCB, He AOscH^aflCB yRasanifi 6apoHa: nflxepo 
npoxojisajsH py6HTB, a xpyrie hatb OTTacKHBa^H xepeBBir r, o6^h- 
n;afl cy?bfl, nperoiOBJíajiH Čpesna. 6apoH'B bha^i, ^to pa6oTaK>T%, 
noHHMafl i^tjB, H, nepecTaB^B naÓJioAaTB 8a hhmh, nomkrB n Ph- 
Bepo na Rpafi Óojiora. 

no C0B']^n^aHÍK) iiesAy hhmh, ORasajacB ÓesnoiesHOCTB hoh- 
TOHa. no HspiiniifB RpaflM'B OBpara PHBepo A0Ra8aj'B 6apoHy, ^to 
B% AOSA^HBoe BpeMfl HecoMH^HHO HaHOJHfleTCfl BO^^ofi BCfl BnaAHHa, 
H ?T0 noHTOHi ne ycTOHTB npoTHBii nanopa TOteHÍA. H6o6xoxhmi 
MOCTT), H npH dTOifB HO MeH'be AByxi MexpoBii BUmHHH, ^T06U 
npoTHBHafl CHJia boah ho cnecjia ooiiocTa, pas-B cnaH h 6bkh tfy- 
^^yTi BRonaHu AOciaTo^HO rjyÓORO. Docrpoenie ero safiiieirB ctojbro 
se BpeMeHH, ho oho coBepmenno h Ha^ojro oÓesneqiTB cocfin^eme. 
IIpH aroiTB PHBepo 6paji'B na ce6fl h nocxpofiRy Mocra. 

BapoH^B BEjs!bjn> h npaBOTy PHBepo, h ero snaHÍe crpaHH. Týna 
saCoTBi oHflTB OMpaHHJia ero: owb noHHM&i^, hto coopyjReme ne 
o6ofiAeTCfl ÓedTb ^CRp^oienifl ero mejiisBuuR ^acTAMH, npnroTOBJíeHie 
ROTopuxi^ OHflTB saTflHerB HX^B JiaropnyH) shshb. 

Ero c^TOBanifl na stotb cnerb 6ujh bqojib^ pasctflHLi x^o- 
BiiifB PHBepo. Ohh CM^pflTB TeHopb jse AiAMexpx caMaro Toicraro 
čepena, RaRi o6padei^ ČpesoHi, ROTopufl nofi^yTi na BepTHRajrBHO 
BROnaHHue Suku, cootipasafl Ch hhmh A^HHy sejtenurB Cojbltokb 
H noJiyRpyrjEix'B seiisHuxx se CRp']&n'B, ci BHHTaitH na ORone^- 
HOCTiix'B. npHroTOBJíeHÍe Hxii H8i HOJiocoBoro sej^sa safiiierB ne 
ÓOJíBnie KBHj HO no cnimHOCTH paOorn Rysnei^y nomjieTCH Offuwh 
H8i pa5oHHX'B, H Torxa b% aohb bco Cy^exi roxoBO. Ho bm^cx^ ci 
paÓouiťB naAO ixaxB ROiiy-HHÓyxB hsi HHrB, HaHaj[BHHROB'B, jsBXh 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA SOIOTUX^ nPIHGRAXl. 537 

Aiifi HE&uoAemfl 8a bíirobboí, xasi h „jw aBTopBieTa": cx pa- 
6oTOM% syseei^^B Óy^eTrB MeAJeHH^e. 

Bce 9T0 6IUI0 npocTO, ho upOAyifaHHO. BapoBi npocifljii h, 
fiiaro^apHO xjonHyB^B no n^e^y Pesepo, CKasajrB, ^to ch M^psofi 
ÓMTOWb H csp^n^B OHi^ saBTpa se nomirerb IlepKHHca b'l C!aH's^ 
nexpo. %o se jífl HerO) PHBepo^ to oh7> HasHanaerB ero cxponre- 
lewb Mocra, npocs, rjiaBHoe, obohwtb ero fiiicxpo. H ohh Hanpa^ 
miMCb no J^cy na cryKB TonopoKB; j^crajH peneBb y nerpoB^E h 

CM^PHJIH TOin^HHy CTBOJia. 

Bosxyxi B'B ^B,mib oosaTO-pocniaro Jiica Óinn nojOH'B niasitaMH 
fhíio^hxi Hcnapaion^Hxcfl boa'b 5ojOTa, a speMesaMH qyBCTBOBaica 
8aiiax!b naxaiH. Mes^y CTBOsaHH xepeBbeBx h hsx KycTapHHBOBi, 
TaiTB H cflif%, 6^&[H oÓrjioxaHHue oeroBu shbothuxi. IIphbhh- 
Hufi rja8'B PHBepo padJH^ajii na seiiji^ cjAjsjh aryapoB^, lanH- 
poBi H JiaHefi, KOTopux^b BurHajs'L Hsi qan^ niyM'L npH6u6inaro 
orpflxa. 3m%h h nryanu nona^aiHCB ho^th na BaaxoH^B máry, h 
(SapoHa Hopasaflo aio oÓHjne npecMLnsaion^Hxcfl. Ho rojiOBa ero 
paboTaia fb wcto iipasTH?ecs(»ix HanpaBjeHÍH, e mhcib o6h otbí 
Ha Bucoxax^ ohatb npHm^ia na ym, Kor^a ohi saMŠTHJTB, ^to 
eojHi^e, CBJíOHflflCB Ha sana^, csboshitb Mes;^ xepeBBflMH. 

HaA pflXOITL Cb PHBepo, OWb pŠmHJTB yMOJUTB 06fB dTOlťB OFH^. 

PHBepo ne SHaers o neaťB noTOMy, hto npocHyjiCfl, saRi h Ilep^ 
SHHCL, pasfiyseBHufi BticTpiiioifB, T.-e. yse nocjr& pasroBopa o&h 
8T0MI ei Úen^qo... Teneps, npiixaB^B, hbao CTapaTbCB cspiiTB 
on PHBepo 9T0T^ CB^Tb, ocjiH OH'B OHflTb noHMTCfl, a Ba saBxpa 
ycrpoHTb sfibch 6ebybsi> ao oson^aHÍfl MOCTa... IIoTOifb, ci xos- 
vaoíj ecJiH H Ú^ffiTh 8T0T!b OFOHb, PHBepo, ycrpoHBUiHCb cb ceHbefi 
Kb 6apaKax'b, Bofixerb vb BOjeio hoboS shshh h... ocTaneTCH. A 
TenepB nosero pas^ynaTb... doAth HadaA'b... a qejOB^sx on^b HysHuft. 
PaČOTofi nerpoFb o6a ohh ocrajiHCb AOBOJibHU. Ilpocina 6iua 
AOBe^^ena ho^th ao 6ojiOTa h cpy($ja6u caMíia tojctha a^P^^a- 
HerpH o6iHB&xHCb hótomi, ho pyCoiH h lacRaiH Cpenna ycepAso. 

— Xopomo, peóflxa! — BpHKHy.ii> hm% ÓapoHi. — Cjrymafire xe- 
nepb, ^rb csasy. Tenepb pačoxa tiyAerb yse Jierne, ho 9xo6a ne- 
peísAauH ne xepaxb npeMenn, cb saBxpamnHro aha bh 6yAexe sa^cb 
jarepeMX (campamento), hoa^ Ha^ajbcxBOirb cenbopa PHBepo. Kas- 
AbA h8% Bací (JyAexi Bnecen^b bi cnHCOB'b, h sasAOMy a saniaqy, 
H xopomo saujaqy. ^obo.tbhkí? 

— ^OBOJibHBi, ceHbop'b jiefixeHaHxi! ByAeni pa6oxaxb xopomo 
h omÓAaiodapuMb eame cepdue! — saroBopnjH nerpu, CHHMafl cboh 
lenH, Cb secxaMH noqxeHÍH h fijaroAapnocxH. — TojibBO oxi My- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



538 raOTHBK^B BBPOnU. 

MWh npocHMi 0CB060AHTB, eesBopi, - ^7Q6u h6 OTB^^aTb sa hhxi>! — 
pasxaBUHCb rojioca. 

BapoHi BonpocHTejiBBO nocnorp^^ ea Pasepo, h xorb o(S'Bflc- 
HHJx npocbÓEi HerpOBi. Myju Cy^yrBTyrb h HeHyses, h Hey^o^Hii. 
HeiBSfl xepsaTB hx% aa npHBHSH— ohh coa^yn cb T^a. He ctohtb 
H saxaBaTBCfl mkicjbid o saropoAH aa Bpeiffl nocipoesifi MocTa. Ks 
TOMy se 8A%CB, Wh Ciipofi qaii^']^, ee Majio flxOBBTuxi HacisoiiiirB 
H aiÁfi. HaAO OTnpaBHTb MyjtOB^B b'b ^Bu^y BaH^eei'' , ocTaBHB-b sjt^cb 
Aifl nocujOBi sa npoBHsiefi oahofo iiyjia. II&xaTEy Haxo 0AH7, ho 
óoibmyH). PHBepo nonicTHTCfl bm^ctÍ cb hhmh, — „bo otb dxoro 
AHCi^HnjHHa He nocTpaxaerb". 

— Xopomo, xopomo,— roBopHJix (Sapoei. — Bh, AiŘCTBHxejttHO, 
yM-i^Te ceófl ^epsaTb ch btemh ^epeuiiH BOBHanH. H h AyMaio, 
Bama A^flTejn»HOCTb ocTaBím HCTopH^eeaifi CMfbjí,^ b^b „Bhjií Baa- 
ffiwb^. dxoT^B Bami MocrB mu 3aHeceM'B sa njanx, BOHe^HO, h 
nicTHOCTB nojiy^HTi Bame hma... B'b BeseipH eciB „Moctb Bsxo- 
xoBi^, Bi DapHsi „MocTB AjieBcaHApa Xperbaro^, aB^b^Bfljjii 
BaHAeHx" Óy^ers „Moctb abjib PHBepo** (Puente del Rivero). 

PHBepo ociaBajcfl cepbesHUMi, h „HCTopHqecKÍ& cj^xb'' e^aa 
JIH saHHMaii ero ywb. Ohi npeA^osHJii, ito6u ne Tepatb npe- 
KeHH, xenepb se BSflTb ci C06010 Bdbx'B MyjiOB^ soTopHX'B h 
floroHHTi nepOAi co6oft, CBJísaBi bxi» noBO^aMH, aboo coi- 
xaTB. OcT&iBHue ociaHyTCfl bi» iipocŠK^, pasBe^fl oroHB, T.-e. 
CyAyTB HO^enaTB. 3aBTpa na AByx^ hjih, canoe SójBrnee, sa 
Tpex% Myjiax^ nepenesyTCH naiaTBa (tb ea nacTAMH, nocrejib PH- 
Bepo, nOSHTKH COJlfíiTh H BOTJIU. OcTaBHlieCfl OTAOXHyTB Bl 
BOJUO H, BO BCflfiOMl CiyHaŠ, He AOJSHEI ÓyAyTB BaBTpa H^TH 

cio^a H^mBOiťB, T.-e. xepflTb BpeHa h chjiii. Maca y hhxi emfi 
ocTajiocB Ha ysHHi. Ho h 5e3% nero ohh otfofiAy^ca: OTCioAa ee- 
AajiOBO xoJSHa tfuTb ao^a, h csopo b'b Hefi na ao^onofi nofi^yT^ 
n jiaHH, H neBapó, h MHorín hsx hhx'b ocTaaflrB cboh octobh bi^ 
H&in% Rasi sepTBu jicauxi pa86ofiHHROB'B; Taai ^to ah^h mhofo, 
H oxoia 6yAerB ycniniHa. Ho jífikxe npa neycnixi ohi, Pnaepo, 
BnojiH']^ y&bxAewh bi tom'b, ^to sasAult hsi araxi cojAairB oxotho 
OTBaserca ot'b caoeň nopi^in MHca wb Jihve^i, ecjH aih aroro 
aaAO 6yAerB aa c;i']^AyK)ntiň AenB hath cio^a nimBOM'B h, upH^a, 
npHHHMaTbCfl sa Tonop'B. Oahh^b hsi 6jih3bo croHBniHxi co^a^ti 
BHOJiB^ corjacHJicH CB Pneepo. 

BapoHx ne mopb ho corjiacHTbCfl Cb 9thmh AOBOAaMH, h, OTAaai 
npHRasaBÍfl ABjírb coJAaTaMi rBaib sa hhmh MyjOBx, ob'b b Pa- 
Bepo aycTHJiH b^b ra^on'B jiomaAefi no aanpaBjeaiK) si Jiarepa). 



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HA aOJOTEIXl nPIHCKÁX'B. 539 

HecMorpa na sHofl, rojOAi A^bui hm'b ceSfl nyBCTBOBaTB, h ohh 

TOpOnHlHCB. 

Jlicík (NKH&ifljHCB, juúffh o6iisHOBeHHO nepeA'B saxosxeflieirb 
cojHiia, nojreroM^ dthi^i. IIo 6owmi> Aoponi, MesAy eTBOjaifH, 
npo6%raiH rpaiposHHfl JiaHH; no puHHH<i, pacnycTHFE spiubA, 
tiisajo CTa^o crpaycoFB. CojiHAe yse 6uJio hhsso na^i^ xojrMaMH, 
onycRaflCB b^ 6arpoBO-(|»ioji6TOBiift TyiiaHi, nojtocofi TflHyBmificfl y 
ropHsoHTa, Ror^^a ohh yBHxtjiH ahmi hb^ CBoero jarepa, yjOBHBi 

nOTOlťB H CMyTHUfi rOBOpX, H Jiafi &bXH,BmHTb RX HHlťL ^yTBHTb 

co6aRi. 

Bo BpOMfl rajiona xumaiocB jrene, h pasdtBaeMBífi BOSAyxi 
oce^sajTL jui^o; ho sor^a ohh coihjh c^ joma^efi, SHofi ohate 
oxmiTHJii Hxi. B'B najaTBt ne Úujio bosmoshocth xQniaTB. Ote 
ci^HKi TeppacH, en^e nexaBHO A&BaBHiefi npoxjaxy CBoefi tíheio, 
TenepB necjio sapoHx — rasi chjbho HasajiHJiacB ona otb saxo- 
AHBmaro cojiHDia. Bapon^B HeMexieHHo »e npHBasajix cmo^htb h 
na^aTRy, h seiuno BORpyn hoh. 

yacHnajiH, oj^naRO, cb annerHTOiTB, h na »totb pasi otb xyniH 
XBa;ifl FaHca. Owh hphpotobhxb toaro oj^bo &ik)ao — xojoxHoe, 
Ch yRcycoiTB h jihctbamh jaBpa, poetyniaro b^^ojb py^Bfl, coctoab- 
nree b8'b AByxi puói. 3to Óujie mandobe — coBepmenno cxosíh 

CX HamHMH HaJIBMaMH, BO SeJUTHH, CX qepHUMH dflTHailH. Coj- 

MfiLTa nofiMajH bxi wh py^bi oÓeBCBjeHHUMB h touo o^yp^B- 
niHMH OTB ero boah — TfTb-qyxB He ropflnefi. 

BciŠA'B sa ysHHOiTB, no coB^ry PaBOpo, noAKepsannaro Ilep- 
RHHCoiťB, pimHJiH HHTB MaT3 (mate) ^), naparBaficRÍfi ^aft pacnpo- 
crpaHeHHufi bo Bcefi H)sHofi Amophrí^, XO Texaca BRjnBDqHxejBHO, b 
vh Obsepnofi AnepBR^. HanBTORi qacTO RpeojBCRifi, yopas^HHion^ifi 
lamRB, jose^RR, caji(|)eTRH, n^Hn^BRH ash caxapa b t. n. O^sa 
H Ta se Tpy6o«a cjiysHTB B&bwh „uhvymjiíirb^ no o^epexB: no- 
cocerx, nanp., aoht* IleApo b OT;^ac^B. cjiy^aHRŠ; la nojio«HTb 
wb TtiROBRy caxapy, HajterB ropaneft BOAOft h xacTB jsfiuhi Hsa- 
6ejuiy nocjrb ROTopoft TflHerB bsi throbrb ^pa^io3Hafl ceHBopBTa 
MapTa H APyrifl Jiai^a. IIOTOsrB oniiTB oqepe;^» ^ona ne;^po h TaRx 
fjBLJí^e, noRa ne CRasyrB cjiysan^efi: „doy gracias", T.-e. djiaro^a- 
penie h OTRasi. H dTO cpe^H npadAHOfi APysecRofi Óojitobhh Rpeo- 
jowhj vb T^BB ca^a bih na BepaH;i(š. 



*) ynoTpe6ieHÍe mate cBoeoÓpasHo: ^aft ototi He mercii, a mRnemcH Maiesb- 
umH riOinaMH nepesi MeTajjra^ecRyn Tpy5o^Ky (bombilla), BcraBJíeHHyD bt> ny- 
CTjK) THsoBKy, Bi KOTopoft 9T0Th HaŘ saBapHBaeTCA ropiiieft BoxoŘ. Caxapi CHn^eTOi 
BiH EJiaxercfl Ryco^saMH bi TUKOBsy ze; ona, pasi HanojHeHHafl, mozcti 6uTb BHnHBaeiia 
VHoro pa3i, CTÓHn tojbro noAÓaBj^TL ropanyi) Boxy h caxapii. 



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540 MOTHHKl BBPOini. 

BapoHy ee npaBHjacb mate no CBoeiiy ^speoimaMy": o/iHa h 
Ta se Tpy6oqRa me mhofhx^b ptobi— sto HenpHJHqeo! CoriacMB- 
mHCB Teoepb cl TOBapeniaMH TflHyib mate, oq'b csasan, ^to „no 
RpHBi^Hny^ mate Bce-TaBH — npoABJíeHÍe abkocth h ^naeTBa. 

PHBepo saraxo^HO pascji^jicfl, qotomi saroBopui no csoeft 
jcanepi (j^jemaTH^HO, ho ne deai íjí^octb. Y esponefii^eBi ne 
iiajo „CBHHCTBa", H caMaro pasHOoÓpasHaro. IleTb maiinaHCSoe 
H8'L 6amMaua spacaBu^ii — yflnaHTexbHO, h ohi, Pesepo, ne cxb- 
jíM^h 6u BToro H ]i4a caMofi BenepH. $paR'L nenpuH^a^b h^ bo- 
ne^iHO, Mee^e xpacHBi, qširb, nanp., njan^i spoojia, T.-e. ero 
poncho. MoHOKJb — myiOBCTBO, naflCHHHecTBo. PasHHe „petits- 
creyés" — cl HSBpan^eHHOCTbio etl BsycoB-B — sísulkm h BpeAHu no 
cosAaBaoMofi hmh aTiioc^^pi. TaBBx^b TnnoBx n^Tb y xpeanoBi. 
UflÁEEjijp^h A9HAH ee^išn^b h, BOHenno, B^b dCTern^HOCTH ycTynaeri 
mepoBonojiofi sombrero speoia. ?to se Bacaeicfl jsfi AeBOJa>Td jsfúFb 
eBponeficBaro beau-monde'a, to Mo^a dTa, — ee roBopa yse o fies- 
HpaBCTBeHHocTH efl, — rpy6o aroHCTH^na: AonycTHTe^ hto, Cjaro^apa 
efi, AOJiSHa „nojiyoTspBiTbCfl'' cyxo^aBaa h Aypno cJioseHnafl oco6a. 
Ho MOAa 9Ta, nosajiyň, e^e spexeše h xopomo cJcoseHHKurby h 
Mys^HHaMi, qero, OAnaBO, OBponefiipi, BasoTCH, ne (Sepyrb vb pas- 

— Bi> qeM-B »e BpeA'b? — cnpocHjrb 6apoH'b, HHTepecyacb 9T0fi 
santHTofi apeojiHBMa. 

— A 8T0, BHAHTe JH, ^OBOJlbHO CepbeBHO Bl CyU^HOCTH, — 

OTB^^^aji PHBepo.— JI^-Ijo bi tomi, hto Óeai 9T0ft moah xoporao- 
cioseoHafl oco6a — bi noHATHOifb e, boho^ho, coBd^'b ne CesnpaB- 
CTBeHHOMi, noTOMy HTO ecTecTBOBHOMi — cTpeMJieHÍH HafiTH Hyasa, 
CTapasacb 6u 6uTb yHH'&e, CHHnaTHinie, naBOHei^, opHrBfiaj[bH'be, 
nanp., h t. n. ][jiň dToro crajia 6u UTaTb óojbme^ BxyMUBaTbCfl 
B'b THnu H flBjreHÍfl shshh, h 9TH efl ycHJiifl 6elsh 6u efi nojiesHu, — 
jifi hbbícthoB CTenenn h SMy. A b^j^ CTapaacb npoHSBeci^ Bne- 
qaT^HÍe cbohmh BunyBiocTAMH, ona orb btofo ynnie ne a^- 
j[aeTCfl, — ny, a HejroBisa o;íypHTb Moaerb... H jifl ópasa j^aace, — 40- 
nycBaio!.. Ho TOJbBO 6jaroAapfl aTony h cjiy^aeTca, 9to e^na npo- 
mejii MeAOBtift mícadii, BaB'b nacTynaioT^b mšcai^ii h foah seju. 
Kpeoju, H MOJiOAesb, h CTapnBH, bi> jijbjíi jk)6bh h npaBCTBeHH^, 
H yMH%e, nosajyfi. 

— ÝMEie Boro? eBpone8iíeBi>? — cnpocHji-b 6apoH%, cxepasHBafl 
BUCOBOMipnyH) yjEuCBy h npHn^ypHBaflCb. 

— ;iia- 

— EoqeMy ae 9to, nosBOJbTe yseaTb? 

— A noTOMy, hto Bpeo.iu Menie HCByccTBennu. 3jiíbmBÍe 



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HA HOáOTUXX nPIHClEAXX. 541 

69UIEI0EU H pimeTBH ^) ch Hxx cepeHa^anH co^jotanu canofi shshbk) 

H HCnaHCBHMH HpaBaHH, H CTapHBH yHHO A^aiOTB, He 60pflCb CB 

HHMH, AonycBaa, (SjtaroAapa hh'b, MOJO^ue nopueu cb hxi naA^s- 
xaicH H crpeMJCHÍAMH. CsaTOBCTBa Sflíbcb hítb, a „no raseTani^ 
8AÍCB He seHflTCfl. Mojo^ue jioah otjhhho ysnaiorB Apyrx Apyra, 
iiIM)BOw y pimerBH, hi'b na^esHO pasA&iflioii^eĚ, hou ao pas- 
CB^Ta, HO ne npex^iaraiOTCfl, Basi bi napHS'i, no raseTHUM-B 

O&hBBJíemEWb H3H Cpa^HHM^B areHTCTBaM'B. 

BapoH'B BOspasajTB ne 6edi da^neft mhcjih jyqnie ysHaxB cbo- 
ero 6yAyn^aro coy^acTHHsa, ho vl f,^isA — MHŠHÍe Pesepo, Aa h 
Booón^e „HH^HÍfl" HO HHTepecoBajiH ero CBoeĚ MeTa^HSHRoĚ. IIo- 
TflTHBafl mate, saroBopHJiH o ^HBHJH8a^iHy o pacax'B, h PHBepo 
onflTB yAHBHJTB ($apoHa, saaBBBi eiíy HeoaiHAaHHO o CBoeirB se- 
jsbíh Hepesi qacB 'ixaxB na 6ojoto. 

— TenepB-TO? H bx xasyio TeMHyK) ho^b? ^a h noveny ho 
yTpoM^? — yAHBJUUCfl 6apoH'B. 

— A noTOHy, mo eciB a buIíhj yrpom, coarai^e BacianeTB 
MeHii Wh Aopori, h HyjBi, nosajiyfi, ae AOTan^arB najaiBn, T.-e. 
npHAercfl A^aiB npHBajTB, lepaTB a^hb h no;iOBHHy Apyroro ahb 
Ha BOSBpaoieeie iiyjoBi. A TenepB ao^a^mi cbo6oaho. SaAaHi pa- 
Óory HerpauťB h buchjiocb ahomi bi sapy. 

— Xopomo, fl BBsy, hto bh npaBu. Ho b^b xaBofi xeMHOT^ 
He cJKyujocB 6h qero. 

— Myju otj[hhho bhaatb bi TeMHorb. Jl,a h xeMHOia b'b 
Aopor& iieHBnie. 

— HoHeify se aio? 

— Otb paBHomipHaro HanpB2BeHÍfl rjiad^B. 3a%cb mu homh- 

HyiHO C]IOTpHlI'B Ha OrOHB B0CTp0B'B. 



^) PimeTKa (reja — paxa), T.-e. xejiisHaa p-bmeTna bi aMÓpasypi oKoa HHsmiro 
araxa, oÓHSHOBeHHO OTBopeenafl h p^ako saHaBtmeHHaji. Bi lOzHofi AiiepHKt, sa hcud- 
lemexi BydHOcii-Aftpeca h aptthxi HeiiHorHxi eBponeicui-inyMHHxi ropoxoai, xoxa 
doiLinefi ^uusTBD oxH08TazHHe, H „reja'' siBjjieTCň ly^nniMi h yxo6Hiiirb míctomi rendez- 
Tous, Bi 6ojn»inHHCTB'k Cdíy^aeBi cb corjacúi poAHTeiei, hjih, no KpaSeefi M']bp'&, cb co- 
nacifl MaTepH A'&BymKH. IIoioseHHHĚ bi „reja'' RaKofi-HHÓyAB d^b^tori, niaroKi, jren- 
TOHKa H T. n. yBixoMJADTb CHacTJiHBii^a, HTO A'feByfflKa asAerb ero ci rHiapofi hjth 6e3i 
mnpH Bi Taaoft-TO ^aci ho^h. Bi» npoBHBiuaibHHxi ropoAaxi sanacTyi) xo pascBŠTa 
BHABH HOHiK) npHCioHeHHHJi vb pimeTRaiTfc <|)HrypH sanosAaJiHxi PoMeo, h CTapnai 
HOHifofi CTopoxi (sereno— capéHo), npoxoAfl, „ne aaid^aeTb'' cnacTJiHBi^eBiy spa^ymex-B 
y SH3HH eji Jiy^niifl mhhtth, ne cjsioíHrb h es rojioci: „Uofoah, ocTaHLCA... Hítb, axo 
eme ee levh, 9to eme ne saBopoHORit''.. Cepenadu xaDTca yze neetbcmrb (novia), T.-e. 
noJDTCiSí, noKb auLopAU FHTapfii, AydTu hjih Tpio. IIodtb cxpofiao, nepexoAfl otl oxymeBJíe- 
HÚ cTpacTH Kb iacsi H rpycTH, H aTOTii ottíhoki A'i^aerb hx-b HeBOibHO cHMnaxHi- 

ToiTL v.— OKTaBPB, 1902. 35/8 



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542 BfiCTBMB^h KBPOmi. ^ 

— 3to, no»ajyfi, BipHO. Hy, a SBipeft bu se (Sy^exe Óosmcn? 

— Eivhj noTOMy hto ohu hocó óy^yrB fíoATbCfl. • H Haoiera 
myiia 6ojibme, ^iwh naci. 

— Xopofflo. ^tficTByžTe RaRi xoTHTe. Ha Ksai% msi c;ri^aewL 
€i> 3aBadOM'B 6ojrTOBi? 

— PiniHMx o HHXi BO Bpeiifl cfiopoBt... A Tenepb nonponry 
nosBaTB IleH&HO. 

Ha CHrHajiBHue cbhctbh 6apoHa abhjch DeHáqo, h 6apoHi 
OT^aji^ ero bi pacnopsaeme PHBepo. Hopiyrajiei^i nepe^aji^ eMy 
npHBasaHifl a^jiobumi, jaEOHinecsHMi azusúwh. ^erupe Myjia. Ko- 
TejLi OAHH'B, HO Óojihuiolk. HajiaTBy na abcatb qewioB'6B'b pasodpaib 
no ?acTflM'b. BepeBRH Bii6paTb Bp'6nBÍfl. FpyaHTb nesAy Bocrpaua, 
qTOÓBi B^ xeMHOT^ He narpysHTb niioxo h He B03BTbCfl bi Aoport 
cb pa3Bfl3aBinHMCfl rpysoMx. Orpa^Hib ^eiupexi oojiASTb. Hotomi 
cnpocHJii HeHŽi^o, na ^euT> oei, cbevl. Hená^o OTBlnaji^B, ^to 
OH'b cnHrB Bx xojrii^eBOM-B ranaBt. 

— Tu MH'& 8TorL rauaR^b OAOJiaKBmL ea h^écbojhbibo A^eŘ, T.-e., 
noBa cTpoHTCfl MOCTt. fl xeói 8a bto aaiuia^y nsso. A xenepb bh 
TAHexe „mate", sea^Hx^ — ropflqaa bow ecxb? Oxnapb xopojneHbEO 
raMaBi no mBau^B... Ci> o6íhx'b cxopoHi... H npHBasH yBflsaxb... 

HOHflJl? 

— Oonaji-B, ceHbop-B. A Jioraa^b Baray xenepb xoate ciwaxb? 

— Tenepb mh* ocfeA^aemb xoae h Myja. Korjía Bce 6yAexi> ro- 
xOBO, opnxoAH CBaaaxb. Cxynafl! 

PHBepo, saRypHBX cnrapy, onepca pysaMH b% ko;iíhh h, mypa 
rjia3T> OTT> CTpyflRH ;íMMa, Raaajiocb, hxu-xo coo6pa»aji'L. 

— HocjiyniaňTe, — ofípaxHJica Kb neMy HefloyMiBaion^ifl óapoei,: 
— fl, EoneqHO, ójiaro^apio Bact sa A^flxejibeocxb h... h... BOMnexeex- 
nocxb, HO ne noHUMaio dxoro Bamero npHBasaHÍfl o raMas*]^... Ha^o 
He Majio MyatecxBa, htoďu Jieib bi raMaE^b 3Toro nepearo CROxa, 
npH3HaK)Cb! 

— Bonpoct xeMnepaiieHTa. Ho a^-^o xyx^ ne bx My»ecxB4, 
a b^ Ha^oÓHOCXH, x.-e. bi pascqexi. 

— EaKafl sRe Ha^oÓHocTb? HoMHjyňTe! B4;ib y Bací ecxb 
CKJia;iHafl KpoBaxb cl nocxejbio? 

— JI,a, H fl HMeneo xo^y yóepe^b ee oxi nerpoBi. TiO(|)flBi 
RyoHJTb no HacxoflHÍH) jKeeu, nepe^i oxitsAOMi. Cxohxi ^Ba^iiaxb- 
^ea n930. OxnapHBaxb ero noxoMi — aiia^iHTi, nopxHXb. Bh BH^íHxe — 
pascqexi. A cnaxb ua seM.it ney^oĎHO no MtcxnocxH: xaMx AO^iateo 
6bixb KpoMi 331^11 He Ma.10 Huiya ^). 

*) ^ígua — noHTH HesairfeTHoe eactKOMoe, 8a6Hpai)meeca no^i HorrH pyKi h, npe- 
HuyiuecTBeHHO, Bon> h uaAyuiee TaM-b ahhkh. He BUHyiufl BÓ-spesui, ohh npoH3BOXiiT% 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA 30J0TI»IX'B OPIHC&AXl. 543 

— J[I,tfiCTBHTejBuo, Bu... nos&nyň opasu!.. Hy, a SMtň bu ee 
<k)HTecb? 

— He ocoÓeHHO. Bce pjbjío lyrb bšab bi sHauiH. 

— DpH newb ae lyrB, coĎctbjbbho, sHaHie? 

— KaKi H BOo6me sHaHin onacHOcra hjh aaa, qxo-jH... Boatch, 
oÓuRHOBeHHo, ÓojBOie neerbdoMaio hjih — qxó xyae — noJiycosHasae- 
iiaro aia, noxoMy hio TorAa oho Kaseicfl 6ójii»niHM'B, 

— IlojtycosHaBaeiiaro — Aonycsaio. Ho sasi uosrbo Coaibca ne- 
B^AOMaro, T.-e. bi npeACxaBjeHiH HecymecxByiomaro?* 

— Si noApasyM^Baio HOAsnie. BcflRoe fleB^AOMoe ASJíeHÍe x^fl 
(JojbiDHHCxBa JnoAefl ecxs h nyraromee, x.-e. oÓuKHOBeHHO oxi Hero 
CKopie sAyx-B zjiíl, qtMi Ao6pa. ?xo me jlo nojycosHaBaeiiaro sja, — 
OHO ropasAO xyse cosHaHHaro. H upBU'bpi> Bani — bmžh. Ysac^ 
eBpooettiteBii,— OB^ noqxH ae cxpaniHu SAiniBeMy neiOBisy, noTOMy 
Hxo npHpOAa AaJia ejiy jieRapcxBO bx Hefi se caMofi, Aase ae sa- 
cxaaa^fl npH6'iraxi> si npo rHB0flAÍflM'B. JI^jih axoro aaAO, iipes^e 
Bcero, y6BXL swbio — b Ba dxorb pasi 6oHXbCfl ea yjse aeqero: OBa 
Hea^oBBxa nocAtb yBymeHia, cnycxHFb aa^, — boxomi Bucocaxb pxoM'^ 
paBKy, BuxflByxb h3'b ueii spoBb, BuojeBUBafl. IIoxomi MOqaxbca 
Ha paHBy: o^e^iOHH hjh coah mo^h,— jiyqmee JiesapcxBO. EuBaexi, 
soBoqHO, qxo ry6u hjh Aecaa paneHu; xorAa axo onacHO, h bu- 
cocaxb paBsy Ao.iseB'B Apyroň. H xorAa qejiOBŠB'B yu'6ji'iexi! 

— A CT. yfiaxoft SMiefl qxo AÍJi2í\orh? 

— Haiero. /I,aae a ae xporaioxi ee, ao OAuaKoase yfiaxb ee 
HaAO. Tyxi, sasexcfl, xose ecxb HeiíHoro cnapaxasMa... HHAtft- 
CBaro. HBA'i^fii^u nojiaraiorb, qxo ocxaBjeHHaa sM&eň sHaBeaaafl 
CHja cooóu^iexcfl qe«iOB']^sy a noMoraerb BU3AopoBJieBÍH). .laqao a 
dxoro He upoB^yňJi^, ho ^Baio, qxo opa saaflB cnacuieúCH sm^h 
qejiOBiBT* cxpaAaexT» Oojtaie, ec4a ae yaapaexx. 

— Ho 3X0, BipoflXHO, oxT» caiiOBHyffleaifl onacaocxa aja npocro 
0X1 onaceaifi. 

— Momexi 6uTh. Ho axa... JBHBHeaaaa caja, oo MoeMy, ae 
BSAopB. fl aa&aiOAaJii ee a y atHBoxauxL, a y jioAeň, x.-e. qxo 
y6aBaI01^ie 6ojte maByqa. BosbMaxe xpaaoflABoe, aanp. Jiaab. Oaa 
yMapaexii Aase oti jerBOfi paeu. Taaap^ — cajbauft, a xose yna- 
paexi 6ucxpo. Jlryapi^ — Aa a BOo6u^e Komsa — cxpamao acaByqa, 
saax a BOo(^e n^ioxoflAuuH. 

— 3x0 aaxepecHO... Hy, a jioah? — saaHxepecoBajica (iapoai. 

TaMi> utiyi) kojiohíi) HacfeKOMHxi, BH3UBaiomHxi BOcnajeHÍe h raerpcHy najiwta. Ty- 
86111(11, oxHaKOxe, Majro cuyniaDTCii onacuocTbK) aToro, h oóuKHoeeuHo ocTpoá nnoft 
larrfca, cTOHiecKH au^epsiBaii fiojiB, BU<uiiuai)T% nigua H3i>-noAi hofta, hb (5e3i ua« 
arlniKH u&xb cvpaxaitH eBpoue&uarHOBB^Ka. 

35* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



544 BftCTHHBl BBPOnH. 

— JIh>xh? Aioffi uonT:BepjRjiM>Th axy Teopiio. Bosbuem mgah- 
BOBX. Gx BTh 8HaHÍeM'B qejiOBi^ecBOfi HamHHu h rHrienu, no cra- 
thcthbí, ohh, OAHaROse, caMEift HeAOJiroB'iqHEift jih)A'b. Kaseicfl, 
qxo npH jieqeHiH ohh M&io-no-Majy OTAaiorL ^to-to otl ceóa 
6oj!hEuui», T.-e. Bi jmfip6T> ce&b. 

— Xopofflo, HO pasB^ Maio ytfHBaiorb h ohh? 

— KoBeHHO, HO aro ne HaMipeHHO, ho seiafl, TaRi nsjph 
9T0 HeBuroAHO. ^a h hphtomi Bce-rasH y6HBaiorB neMHoro, CTa- 
paflcb OTofiTH BthBpeMfl orb HeHSJíeqHMaro 6oJiBHoro. 

— 3to Bipno. Rasie se Apyríe yfiHBaionUe sHByrB na c^ers 

CHXB HX^E SepTBl? 

— HanpHMÍp'B, OXOTHHBH. BOJISHItlfiCTBO HS^B HHX^B, HeCMOTpH 

na onacHOCTH h na qacToe OTCTynJtefiÍB on rHrienu nHTaHia h 
OTA^ixa, — SHByqifi napox^B. Uotomi xachhbh. A ne bh^t^jte nes^y 
HHMH eia6£ix'b hjh SojLHHxi, a Bce aio — HapoA'B ^BtTy^^ft s^o- 

pOBBeiI'B. Il0T01I'B naJiaHH... C'B 8TBMH JSJb&TeJlílUE E^HBHJHSaipH H 

JH^HO ne SHaBOMi, ho no JiHTepaiypi y uenn o hhx^ npe^craB- 
jeme BaB'B o CHjaqax'B h s^opoBsin. Bosbiihto, Hanp., napas- 
CBaro ^efiÓJiepa. Yme Óyxy^H ;^xyniBOfi, cobcÍhi 6^^m'b ot^ 
(AABBUy owh emfi... patfoTajii! O ApyroMi naiani — KaseTCfl, joh- 
XOHCBaro HBioreTa — a ^Hiaji, hto owb sa CBoefi BHy^Boft x&^s 
6oraToe npHAanoe, T.-e., SHaiHrB, noAXOARJ'B yse ri npaBHyRaicB. 

— O^HaSO BU... COBC%M'B dHI^HBJOneAHCTB! H CTOJIBRO y Bac^ 

o(5o6nieBÍfi... Hy, a KaBi ysnain bu o ranaB^? 

— fl BHA'6jrB ero, Borfla y HerpoBx otkpbith naiaTBH. — 
OxHaBO, pimHiťB o 6ojrrax'B. 

— Aa, Aft) H no B03M0SH0CTH CBop'6e. Ha;^o na btotb chotím 

P']&niHTB Cb IlepBHHCOlťB. 

nepBHHCB, ocTaBHBmifi HX'B uocjA HicBOJiBBHrB OHepexHEixs 
„mate", saHHMajcH B^naoraTBi no^nnsofi CBoefi pa6o?efi fijiysu. Ob 
o^BaMtf Ha Hocy h ci ÓJiecvbhmetí otb jl^luuu jihchho&, owb Ba- 
sajcfl coBC^ifB crapHBOMi. HecMorpa na xyxoTy najamn, 6apoffB 
H PHBepo npHHfljiHCB 8a HepxesH cspini h Óojtob^ cb rafiBaMH; 
a Bor^a flBHBmificfl IleHáqo o6iflBHjrB, qxo Myjíu fotobu, — no 06- 
n^eify coujiameniio pimHJH, qxo IlepBHHCi iji,erb Tose, cb oahhiis 
Hsi paCoHHX^B; nacTB hohh upone^erB y 6HByaBa, ci pascB^TOMs 
inerh AA^nie. Bce-iasH CBaBOHOMHSHpyerB ne-cojiHeqHoe npeiui, 
8T0 rjaBHoe, a qepes^B ABa-ipn aha MOseTi BepHyxBCfl o6paTHo. H 
MOCTB 6yAerB sasoH^eHi. 

nOAAftBniHCB HaCTpoeHÍK) TOBapHD^efi B^B HX^B TOpOnJIHBOCTHy 

DepBHHCB ne safiujn CBoero A^a h nasHauji^B naACMOTpn^HBOifB 
sa ce6fl Bpeoja R&CBapa npoAOJsaTB BpuTBe 6apaB0Bi. R&cBapa 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HA SOJOTUXX nPIHGRAXl. 545 

o&bmfiui^^ H HeosBAaHHO jí^b cbohx'b naqajibHHKOB^B csasaji^E, hto 
ecTB Apyroe a^o, ne Mee^e cntniHoe: sanacs cyxHxi apobi. ^os^h 
&IH3KH H nepBoe Bpeufl Horyrb hath óesocTaHOBoqHO. Tor^a ne 
Jierso noM^psHBaTS Bocrpu ilih oroHB, ^ase bi 6apaRax'B hjh 
vh najaxKaxi. O^eBE^HO, oh'b 6ím'& npaB'B) ho óapoHy ne nonpa- 

BHJIOC& dTO BlfimaTaiBCTBO „AHRapfl", H OHI CyXO OTOCJE&Il co- 

BŠTUsa. PHBepo H IlepBHHCi, OAHaxose, HaxoxH^H Bi^ cof6t^ 
R&CRapa MHoro A^jbHaro. Píhihjih, hto HasHaqaTB Asyxi j^poBO- 
cisoBs, H cyxifl xpoBa cjioasaTCfl b'b oxhoitb hsx 6apaR0B'L. 

Ha npon^aHbe aokoh^eih nccji^Hifl ÓyniJiBH jiHMOHaxa, h PH- 
Bepo nocoB%TOBa2r'B 6apoHy ynoTpe6jieHÍe „mate''. Oho yrojiflerb 
sasAy? napajHsyeTB fojioai h coxpanflerB cbau. HeysejH dToro 
ifaio?— EoHe^HO, wb Espont ffirt HH^ero noxofinaro, — roBopnji-B 
oh-b. — EBponefii^H He yiiiiorB CHHiaTB — 3to hcho. 

BapoHx cuiBACňj KSLKh 6bi, He xejafl BOspaauiTb, h cjersa sny- 
pacB. li ne 6e3'B xpefiorn, npoBOsafl orb^b8HaBniHX'B TOBapHn^efi, 
oiovpfa^b OBI Ha BEicoTEi rop%... 

Ho na 9Torh pasi TaM!B ne Óiuo bhaho hh najiifiniaro OTpa- 

XeHÍH CB^Ta. 

H. Kjápri^. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



„B3LlCKyi)miM rPAJlA" 



O H E P K !>. 



JToma^H ÓujH yme no^aHu, h 6y6eHqHBH nosBaHHsajiH sa Bopo- 
TaMH, fl fiujia coBC^M'E roTOBa &*& 0T'BteA7 H co6HpajracB buxoahtb^ 
BaB'B BApyrB Bomeji amo^hbi, h no JHi^y ero fl ceK^acB se ;^o- 
raAajiacB, hto oh% xo^erB cooód^htb MHt hto-to sasnoe. 

— Bemeft BUHOCHTb ne ea^o? — cnpocHJix ohi HepiraHxejrBHO. 

— Hira, Bemeft ne Óy^erB. 

— Jífi TO-TO... fl BOTB Hacnerb Bemeft h npHmejTB, — ne 6y- 
;íerB jh, MOJit... 

— Hítb, hítx, HH^ero ue ÓyjsfiTbl Tu hah ce6t, a ceftqaci. 
Ho TaB'b BaRi OH^b npHineji'B bobco ee „eacHerB Ben^eft^, to 

H npoAOJisaji'B ToniaTLCfl Ha oahomx iftci^, nepeBjaAUBafl cboh) 
manEv hsx OAHoft pyBH bi ApyryK) h bhahmo ne pimaflCb npHCTy- 
nHTb B'B HacTOflmeMy a^j. 

— TaMt BaMx nonyi^HB^b Óy^en, — CBasajb ohi HaBoneirt- 

— KaBoft-TaBOfi nonyiqHBx? 

— JUa BTO ero SHaert. BHAaxb, ÓapHHi. 

— Saíraniň? 

— JI,a h4ti, to-to qio ne SAiranifi! Hsx yfo^a, fl,0Ji7RR0. 
IIpHmeji AftBeqa, npocHTb ao CTaHi^ÍH ero aobostb. A y eaci bc^ 
jioma^H B'B pasroH'^, — botb BaMi nocj[']&AHioK) napo^By noAajH. Hy^ 
MU no^yMajiH-noAyMaJíH... h xoro... oiqero, mojii, hc no^BesTb? H 
Bani OHO AemoBJíe Cy^erb!.. 

ň noMopmHJlacb, — MHt 6£iJio HenpiflTHO txaxb ABa^i^axb Bepcn 
Ch coBepmeHHO HesHaBOMUMx qejiOB%BOM'b, ;ia eme Hoqbio. Amii^hbs 
saiťixHjrb Moe neyxoBOJibCXBie h cocxpoHJii caMyio yMHJibHyK) ^mio- 

HOMÍK). 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



„B3ucEyiomift tpam". 547 

— J[f^ Bu ne HSBOJbTe ÓesnoROiiTBCH, 6apaniHfl! — npoAOJra&aJi's 
OHI. — Bce vb asypaiš Óyjierx: lartaKeTOa y Haci npocxopHeHBKaff, 
caioicKH fl BaM^b noAOCTjajťb MflROHbBofl, AO^A^e jiKHSexoHbRO. r^aB- 
Hafl sen^b — itoma^H-TO bi pasroH^!.. 

^'kiaib 6ujio Hevero^ — npHmjioa^ corjacHTbCfl, h mu bhdijh aa 
spsiJibuo. IIonyTHHR^b Mofl yse cha^'b wb Texbxxíb h xepn&rHBO 
zxaj^b, nosypHBafl nanHpocy. GEKbJtb ohi Bas^-TO nejOBRo, Óoromi, 
TO^HO H'bmoR!b) H fl BHA'&ia TOibRO ero mHpoRyio, cyTyjOBaxyiQ 
coHHy, W AOHumRO 6%jioVl <j[)ypasRH, ROTopaa Óuja na^ixa y aera 
Ha 3aTfiU[0R'B H CBŠTJHifi nflTfloifb BBip^suBajacb vh roiyÓOBaTOMs 
cyiipaR^ npospaHHaro iiaficRaro Be^pa. Moe noflBjeHie HHCROJbRO 
ero He saHHTepecoBa^o: OH'b Aase ne nepeMŽHujii noBu h hh pasy 
He ofiepayjicfl B'b hok) CTopoHy, Ror^a a ycasBBajacb, to^ho Bce 
npoHCxoAHBDiee BORpyrb nero HH^Tb ero ho Racajocb. BarasRa y 
Herc, TaRse naRi h y Metui, ne Óujio. 

R pacnojosHJiacb noyi^oóaie na mypmán^eit cojomí^ noRpuTOfi 
pflAHOM'b, en^e pasi oÓiitHfljiacb npHBtiCTBÍflMH c^b npoBOsaBmHMH 
iieHH, H napa ho^tobuxi ApysHO Bsaja dRHnaaci. OpoMeďbRHyjiH 
MHMO HacB cyMpaHHbifl syn^H BerejTE Ha ojothhí, opofi^zsaiH pflxu 
oroHbROBi na nycTUHHofi nJon^a;^H, n ropo;(i^ ociaicfl aoBa^H. Mbi 
HOppysHJHCb Vh cyMpaR'b h THrnany; A^se ROJOROJbHHRH aama 
CTajH BBOHHTb RaR'brTO rjyme b potf^e, to^ho npHCHapd^ ohh, 
noxaaieHHHe exoft syTRoft troihhoío. TojbRo Roniixa joma^eft 
6o4po h TBepAO oi^HBaia au HaRaTaHHOMy mocee: „Tpa-rairB, xpa- 
Tau, TparTaMi"... 

A Hoqb aacrynaja, ^yxeafl, nojHaa rafinu h osapoBanifl. IlepoA^ 
sasaTomb npoaeejaeb rposa, h do He6y eni^e CRo.ib8BJH pasopsaH- 
Hue mieA^u yxoAflaiHS'B Ty^i, ao nosaiiH aaci yse BcxaBaja 
jyaa, h efl ÓjAmo^ ciflaíe HecH^jio paajHsaJiocb HaA'b nojiana. 
' He6o, AaBeqa rposHoe, iipa^Hoe, penyn^ee, leaepb MOJ^ajio a RaR'b 
6yXT0 saAyiiaiocb) apHOJiyrnaBaflCb rt^ rojiocani 3cm.ih. Ho h na 
deujFb Bce 6suo thxo h sa^yM^aBO. RaRÍfl-TO opoapaHaufl t^hh 
BOAH^a TaaacTBeBautt xopoBOA'b bx cepeopacioft AaJia; fiesmyiiao 
pasBepnoMuiHCb jucTbH aa HORpHZ'b A^peab^xi, a xeniiifi napi, 
aponaxaaaiift Óajubsana^ecRHirb saaaxoiťb xonojn, MeA^eaao noxan- 
Maiea aaji^B ih)rpok) aeiuett. 

CnyTHHR^ MOfl MOJ^as^b, nonpesHeMy chas ro hbí cnaaofi^ a 
RypaJii naaapocy sa nanapocofi. A 6ujia o^eab pa^a, ^xo oa^b 
MOiiHBxi: HH^ ae xox'iMCb roBOpaxb; xox&tocb 6bixb aaexaaš cb 

9T0S H09bK>, Cb dTHMl HeCoiťb E XaOIBHOfi; X0X'&I0Cb CJIHXbCfl Cb 

sami lyarofi a noaflxb xafiay axi Biqaott apacoxbi a o^apoBaaifl. 
^jBexBOBaJiacb RaRan-xo cxpaaaafl oxpimeaaocxb oxi coócxaeaaaro 



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548 MCTHHRI^ EBPOIOI. 

^ji'':- sasajocíi, hťo nponijaro HHRorAa He 6íijk), Hacroflin^aro h^te 
H Óyxyn^ro se 6yjifiTh. TairB 6u botě ixai^, ixarB Óesi bohi^i 
H HHBorAa HHRyxa ne npiisxaTE, h ^to6q Bcer^a 5aja aia hou 
H BTa 6oxecTBeHHafl THmHfla. 

Bxpyri coc^A^B 6e8noRO&HO saBOBHJicfl, EricKOJibKO pas^s orjfl- 
Hyjcfl Ha3aA'B h CRasaji^E: 

— CsasHTe... Baifb ee sameTca, ^to sa naMH kto-to roHHTCfi? 
SI jífiLTBie BBAporHyjia otb neosHAaBHOCTH. nopasHJi neHA ae 

BonpocB ero, hítb; MeHfl nopasHJTE SByKx ero rojoca: btotl ro- 
JOCB, MsrBifi, HenHoro rjyxoBaTiiB, cb Kasofi-TO oco6oh) BH6pa- 
i^iefi, noxojRefi ea Apoxame CTpyex aptj^ii, HanoMHBJťb mhí oahoto 
MOJiOAoro, TparHqecBH norH6maro iracaTejíH, BOTopBitt BorAa-xo 6ujn> 

RyMHpOlfB MOJIO^eaiH H CBOHlíH yXHBHTeJlbHUMH paSCBasaMH BOJIHO- 

Baji'B lOHUfl cepAi^a. ň bo bcí rjiasa nocMorp^ia na CBoero no- 
nyTHHRa, ho OH'b yaie OTBepHyjcfl h saRypHBaji Hosyio nanHpocy. 

— roHHTCfl? — nepecnpocHJia h ci HeAoyMÍHÍeMi. — Kxo ro- 

HHTCfl? 

— A TaRi... Efl,evb HjiH 'l^eTB, HO 3Haio. BnpoqeM%, Basercfl^ 

A^fiCTBHTeJBHO HHROFO E^Vb. Bt^E Bil HHqerO HO CJI£imaJH? 

— PšmHTejBHo HH^ero! 

Mh saMOjqajiH, h H'6cR0jbR0 MrHOBeHÍft BIÍ ÓesROHeqHOMi npo- 
cxpancTBi, nojHOMi TaHHCTBeHHaro MOJtHanifl, HHqero ne cjmmHO 
6UJ0, RpoM^ HcnyraHHUx^B B3JiparfiBaHÍfi HainHX'B rojímoa^vbrofe 
H M^pearo Tonoxa roqeixi. Ho boxi Bnepe^H qxo-xo sa^epaljo; 
CEAhE'be sanaxjio xonojieM'E h ÓepesoBiiMH no^Raira, h HOBue SByRH, 
xaRÍe xe napycon^e, RaRi 9xa ^apyion^fl ho^e, sarjiyniHJiH 6e8- 
noRoflHoe xpeHRaHEe CyCeei^OBi h ROJORaiEHHROBi. Mq npo'68san 
qpe8'E EeÓoJíhuioi. ji^cori, pacRHEyeniiftcH no OBpary, h hbi xy- 
mecxofi rjy6HHEi ero necjiocE jHRyiooiee Becennee ir^Hie coaoBEeBi. 
CocÍAi> cHOBa BcxpoBosHJicfl H Ha^ajTE OBHpaxECfl no cxoponaiTE. * 

— A qxó... — Haqaj!i'E OHi>, He^JtenHO BuroBapHBafl uoBa, RaRi 
Óy^xo eMy Óhjto onenE xpy^no roBopnxE;— ttó, BacE... ne pasApa- 
saexi... axa ho^e? 

— RaR'E pasApasaex^? — capocHJia a, ne noHflB'E Bonpoca. 

— Hy... RaRi... Bojnyexi, xpeBOSHx^... ny, npocxo-Há-npoero 
aiHx^... Jífi. MeHfl, no Rpafieefi u,^p% cxpamno &bcETh 3xa ho^e... 
H Bce... JTVHa, cojOBEH, H 9xa 6e8cxEi»afl BeeeHHflfl paxocxE, pas- 
jiHxafl Bi npnpoA*...* 

— IIpaBO, He noHHiiaH)... IIoqeMy ase? 

— Axi, noqeMy?.. DoqeMy?... — noBxopejTE oh-e cb ycHJrieirE, 
BHAHMO cxapaacb coópaxE bc^ cboh mucjih h CBssaxE hxi vmícA. 
— Ilocxoftxe... fl BaM^ cefiqacE CRasy .. ÍHxajiH jh bh Rorxa- 



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„B8U0RyK)ii^iĚ fpaaa''* 549 

estfyxb oxHHib iiueHbsifl cxpuBO^eRi... ne noMHH), qefi... ey, cthxo- 
TBopesie F& nposi ^to^jih, hjh BaR'B obi^ Taifx HasHBaercA... sto, 
rapoieifi, Bce paBHO. A cyTB Tam botb b'& newh: o^Horo Myuy... 
KU xepBHina, ne homhio... ero cnpamHBafOTB, ^tó TaBoe shshb? 
H vb otoítb ohx pascrerHyjx cboh) oxesAy h nosasairB rpy^B, 
Ba KOTopofi Bifljia OTBpaxHTejibHafl cMpa^Haa Assa. A bi dro se 
caMoe BpeMfl bi CeBHJB^ (ÍjaroyxaiH posu h itíuih cojHobbh... Hy 
BOTb. HiieHHO, 8T0 caMoe. Korxa a b^b nepBufi pasi npoqaii ary 
iDTyKy, B HBqero He oohajte, — HopTx SHaert, ^rd sa epyn^a, Ay- 
xaH)! npEHem Tyn posu... cojiobbh— h flssa. IIoHflJ!'B noTOMi... 
nocjt. Bh noMBHTe dxo? 

— IIoifHio. 3to FapniHHa. 

— TapniHBa? Hy boti... YAHBHTejbHo! TjiyfiHHa-To Kaaafl... 
swjflHyTb CTpamHO. Bx CeBHJiLi cojobbh h posH... a ^ejOB^Ra 
pasi^AaeTB BOHio^aa, rnoliHafl asBa... daniiťb, noveny, ua koě 
^oprB? PoBH orpHiiaiorB Assy, a iiBBa orpHCiaerB posu... H cyqe- 
CTByK>TB pflAOMi... H dTO SH3HB... Bce caMO no ce&b, caMO a^a 
ce6a, H HHKOMy ul^Tb j^a Apyrx xo Apyra. Botb ara ho^b... oaa 
xopoBia caiia a^a ceófl^ h HHqero efi orB mchh ho nyseo, h h ho 
HyjseH'B eft. MoserB 6utb, bca A;nia hoa na uotoh pasopBaea, 
a Jiysa spoiso ciflerB h coxobbh noiOTB cboB rHMH'B TopsecTByio- 
wifiA jm6BB. KpHw, DJia^B, sobh, — hhbto Te&b ne OTiuHEHercfl, 
BmBTO ee upnerh na tboS 80B'b, h „pasHo^ymHaa npHpoAa'' 6y- 
j^evh apoxojsaTB cboh) cosBAaTejBHyfo pa6oTy, ci OAHaasOBofi aa- 

60TJIHBOCTB1O TBOpfl H 6jar0yxaHHUfi pOSOBHli 6yT0H'B, H OTBpaTH- 

TejiBBaro iiorHJBHaro Hepsasa. Efi Bce nysso h hhbto ne Hyseni. 
Bce Bux 6yxT0 CBflsaHO h bi to me Bpeiffl crpamno pasiexHHeHO... 

H BOTB MU ijUdWh BH^CTÍ CX BaMH, CHAHITB pflAOlTB, H BaiťB B^Tb 

BHKaBoro A^a ao MeHH^ a mhí— ao Bacx. Kto mu xasie, sanŠMi 
.infiwbj ByAa ía^mi,— qoprB snaerB HTd!.. 

Ohi pasomejicfl h TenepB fobophjtb 6ucTpo, otpubhcto, BairB 6u 
ciribrna nocKopie bh6pochtb BOJHyion^ifl ero mucjih. S ciymaia 
ero CB B08pocTaK)ntHM'B HsyMjeHÍeMi, h syTBaa mucjib npHHiiu 
mbí wb rojEOBy: „ysi ne cyMaemeAniifi jh bto, (SisaBmifl H8i-noAi> 
BaA9opa?^... A OHQfc^ Toqno yraAaBX, ^Tb & Ayvaja, BApyn p%3B0 
oóopBajn CBOH) desnopflAOHHyio pi^B h sacMtajCH thxhmi^, Sojib- 
BmrB oAxowh. Stotb cm%x'b CHona HanoMHHjrB mhí noRofinaro 
OHcaTeifl H ($0JBH0 yAapHJii moha no cepAAy. 

— A npHSHafiTecB, — hohhshfb rojioeB, CBasairB Mofi cnyT- 
BHXiy — Bu BaBŠpHoe Aynaere, hto i HeMHOsao Toro... ne bi 
<»oeM!B yM^? B'&AB npaBAa^ — noxojBi? 

— ?t5 bu... a BOBce He Aynajia!.. — BOSpasHJia a bi CMyn^enm. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



550 B-bCTHEBl EBPOmi. 

I 

— o, HHqero, mhí coBepmeHHO Bce paBHo! — nepetiEin owh 
pšsBO. — ^TO-s^E... Moxer^ 6uTb, fl H 3*^ caifoifB xbjA CByMacnrex- 
mifi, — fl caM^B o6i btomi^ HHorAa ^yMaio. Ho ne apaB^a jih, Ha 
rpaHHir6 MeasAy 6ezymewh h TaK'B BasuBaeMuifB 9 3ApaB0M'B paa- 
cyjpcoM'b'' HejOB-iBi RHor^a BCTpt^aeTCfl cb icTHHofi^ Boropyio obi 
npesjíte HCKajix Bes;^'^ h ne HaxoABJKx? IIoHHHTe, saiTB ^ocroeBCKÍt 
onHCBiBaJTB TO cocTOflHÍe, ROTopoe HcnHTUBaiorE dDHjeaTHSH Depeffi 
HacTynjeHÍeMi apnaa^Ba? IlepeA^ hhmh OTRpusaeTCfl He<5o... h, 
MOserB 6uTb, b^b aiy iiHHyTy ohh CTpamHO Čjhbkh bx nosHaHÍH) 
„TafiHEi 6HTÍfl", ROTopyH) HanpacHO cxapaioTCfl pasra^aTB reoiH r 
HyApeuia. H ycxaMH 6ezyjáu,eBT> BHor^a roBoparB HCTHea... Ho, oo- 
CTofixe, ^TÓ TaKoe a roeopnjix? Aa... «H8Hb — secroBafl niTyBa. 
mímBh — MepTBafl ojctuha, h jiioah — safijy^^Bmieai bii nefi cxpae- 
HHRH. Ohh 6j[yacAaiorB no nefi,. HcnyraHHue ea rpoBHoB h HenoHur- 
Hoft BpacoTofi, H, BCTp'6qaflCB Apyn cb ^pyroMiB, b<b y»ac^ OTBopa- 
qHBaioTCfl, noTOMy hw ne ssaiorB Apyrx Apyra h ne B^parx oahhi 
Apyrouy. Heor^a ohh 6peji.yvb bm^ctí, ho cTpax'B n He^oBi^ie ne 
noBH^aiorB hx'b, h eciH oahhi cnoTRHeTca, Apyrofi ca^isHrB yfin. 
„^ecTOBH HHBorAa HO* na^aBinie", cBasa^x repi^eH'B... A croabo 
ynaBHiHxi, crojibro 6ojh h cípa^anift saTep^HO vh oTofi nycTHsi, — 
H Bce-TaRH MU »HBeM'B H H^OM^. OocjryinafiTe, — b'6a^ Ra9B.^La xi- 
uyra BameĚ 2rh3hh onjiaReHa qBHMH-HH6yAb cxpa^anúttH — AyMa^H jm 
BBi o&b dToiťB? RaxAufi Bami bsaoxi, Ras^oe ;(BHaReHÍe, Raauafl 
RaiiJiff Bamefi rpobh ctóht^b R0My-HH6yAB shshh. Bh ry^Hexe, — 
icr()-HH6yAB pacTOHTaH^B. Bu nHiaoiecB — RTO^HH^y^B sapisaHi. Bu 
eacjafflAaerecB MysEiRoň, — RT0-HH6yAB ynepi cb ^OJOJ^y, noroMy 
qTO BaiťB nysHO Óujio CJiyniaTB ary MysHRy. A posti fijaroyxaiorB 

(I COJOBBH nOIOTl... OTBpaTHTeJBHO! 

— Ho qTó-aee jsjbjí&rh? — HepimHxejiBHO saiiŠTHja a. 

— Ara, qió A^^aiB? — cb aiopaxcTBOMi BOCRJHRHyjTB obi, — 
Bii ne snaere, rró ;^jiaTB, h a Tose ne snaK), h hhrto ne asaerB. 
A Me«Ay T^M^B BorB 3T0 HHCROJBRO HO M^maers HaM!B Ryxa-To 
'6xaTb, MBT cniniHifB, amh^hri HanrB noRpHRHBaerB na ^omaAeft, 
jomaOT 64ryTB, ToponATCa— saqtirB, jiJiň nevo? Hotomi upit^eirB 
na CTaHE^iio, — raMi xose cyiiaroxa: ó^vyrh, RpnqarB, 3aHHrm)rB 
ornn; uo^a^a MqaTCfl Ty^a h cíom, jih)ah Tose cnéniarB n sy^a-TO 
^xy rB, H hhrto ho BnaoTi, savbirB owb axo A^JiaerB, h ;^aeTi toibbo 
ooTOMy, qTO ne snaerB h HHRor^a ne AyMajrB, saqtiťB Bce dxo eiiy 
HyacHO. H bto schshb... 

— Hy, a ecjH0u jíyiiaji?— cnpocHia h. 

— Ecjih6bi AyMaji'B... ;^a, sibpoflTHO, ^ijajii 6h to sne caiioe. 



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„ BSBiCKyromiĚ TVkjs,x \ 551 

^Tiv ae em/dl Bóra h jíynaio... a š^y Bce-iaKH. fl i^y, a sa hhoh> 

KTO-TO rOHHTCfl... 

C% 9THMH ClOBaMH OH'L OFJEHHyjCff, — OrJflHyJiaCB HeSOJBHO H 

fl. Ho nosa^H, b% orpoMHOirB DpocxpaHCTB^, HanojiHeHHOirB xojioa- 

HHITB jyHHUirb CBŠTOMT^, HO 6UJ0 HH OAHOfi AyniH, H TOJIbKO JifiVLVL- 

BHfl, ypoAJiHBBfl tíhh Hain0xi> jBíoniaAeil, BpuBjflflCb, fiisaJiH pa- 
XoiTB n Haní DO ji(opori. n Hama Teji'62KBa, h mh caMH, — Becs 
aTOTB MaieHBXill nipoRii, saTepflHHufi cpe^H nycTUHH; noKasajcii 
mb FB 8Ty nftByiy TasHUi sejiebmi, xaKHin HH^TOmHEiirB, qro 
ji no^yBCTBOBajca ysuKrs, h muí ;^ase saxor&iocB, qxoÓBi 3a HaMB 
jrbicTBHTeibHO KT0«HH6yAb Óiacajii hjíh mej^. Ho hhkofo ho 6iijio. 
flonyTHHBi saiťiTHJii iioe xBHxeHie h sacM-lflJicfl, m> nepBEift 
I>a8'B noBepByBmHCb so mh% jihi^omi. Jlyea Tenept c^&THja npBMO 
Ha Hero, h a Mona xopomo pascMOTpÍTb ero. DoBHAHMOMy, eny 
Ciwo jÍTt OKOJio coposa, — Moaera (Íhtl, (JojrBoie, mosotb Óiirby 
MeHune. rjy6oEÍfl iiopo^HHii npom^ii ora xpaes^ noca r^b yrjairs 
ry6^ H pŠ3R0 ^pn^H na n^esax^, BasaBmHxcA MepTBeHH0-6jrÍA- 
HiiHH. Bi HeóojiBmoň 6opoA%, aojisho ÓEirb, dŠJiORypofi, BaicrB jab.^ 
uoRasaJiocB, 6aJio mhofo cšahhu, h ecjrntfti ho tomhuh ÓpoBH, 
cpocmiflCfl HaA'B nepeHOCHinefi, h ne rjrasa, b^ ROTopuxi rop']&ji'B 
jiRxopaAO^Hufi oroHb, jihe^o 6elso 6u caiioe o6aKsoBeaBoe h apocToe. 

Ho 8TH 6pOBH H 9TH PJasa np0H3B0AHJIH CTpaHHOe BaeUTJlÍHÍe, H 

iiH'& HeBoibHO npHmjo na naMATb, hto Jio^efl ci epoemHiiHCfl 6po* 

BflMH B^ HapOAt CHHTaiOTb „HeCHaCTHUMB^^. 

— A HTO? — csasaj^ Moft cnyTHWťB, ne nepecTaBaa CMŠflXbCfl. 
— ď H Bací, RasoTCfl, sapasHjfb cbohmi Cpe^oirb? 

— ^a, HeMBoaKO, — cosHajiacb a. 

— Ara... Ho BŠAb HHsoro H^Tb, ho npaBAa jih? 

— Bh se caMH bha*jih, — hh AyniH. 

— Hh AyniB-- H Bce-TaKH a cjiianiy, ^yBCTByio, hto eto-to 
HJH HTO-TO ecTb. A Bnaexe, kxo 9xo? 

— Kxo? — cnpocHja a, na^BHaa cepbe3H0 CesnoBOHXbca noAib 
ero npHcrajibBHiťb, CBepnaion^HMi BsrjiAAOBfb. 

— A 9X0, BHAHxe JIH, coOcxBeHHoe „a"... Orb Horo yae hh- 
RyAa Re yóisHmb, CKOJbRO hh 6^ra&. 3a xpHAeBflXb denejib cxy- 
iiatre, h oho uoČiks,wrh sa BaMH. A osy^ajrocb BaM'b nepessHBaxb 
xaRÍfl MHHyxu Fb CBoefi SH3HH, ROFAa BBi caHíi ceói cxaHOBHxecb 

DpOXRBHa? 

— Cjiy^ajiocb. 

— Ara, cxajio 5HXb, bh moha nofinexel Hmobho, RMenso co5- 
cxBeHHOe „a" cxaHOBHxcA AO npoxHBHOCXH npoxHBHo! Bcb omn^RH, 

BCi raAOCXH, ROXOpUA ROFAa-XO ]í!bs2JUh^ BCi CRBepnUA MUCJH, 



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552 B!fi€THHB'B EBPOIIH. 

CKBepHBifl qyBCTBa, — bca 9to noAiafl Mpasb ctohti nepex% to6qío, 
T^HAwrh Ha Te6fl 6e3CTUABUHH r^iasaiiH h toboprtb: „cmotph, b^^ 
8T0 muj mu caM6, — nojiK)6yflcfl, xoponi'^"?.. H croHms, h CMorpHinb... 
Otb Bcero mosho yňTH: orB Apyra, otb Bpara, orb juoteMoft see* 
n^HHU, a on CBoero y,&^ — HHRorAa... PasB^ yiiepeTB... Ho h to^ 
RTo SHaerB? — yfix^niB jh. „A ecjH cohi bej^bsa nockrarb^... A 
saai 6u zotšjocl yfira! — c% TOCBOfi BOCBJíHBHyji ohx h oria* 
Byjicfl. 

Hhbto h6 OTOSBajcfl ua ero bobje. Moj^aja cBepsaionvui Be- 
ceHHflfl Hoqb, Fb TaHHCTBeHHOfi mmEEl^ BOTopoft sapoacxaiHCB th- 
Cfl^H Tucwvh eoBiixi sH3Hefi, ceroAHfl en^e HHBOMy HeB^AOicHxi, 
HO yse roTOBHxi saBxpa BufixH ci JiHEOBanieMi Ba BCxp^Hy coíHi^y; 
iiojiq&sa seiMfl, norpysennafl fb TBop^ecsyio paóoxy, coBepmaB- 
myiocfl KB efl Eijifiax^] iiojiHaiH He6eca h bb^aU) aa-s^síA) hoaomt 
HUB H crpaniHUH wb CBoefi saraAOHBOfi Rpacort. Mu 6um oxhh, 
OAHH B^B nycTHH^ MÍpa, Hysie jíaíi bc^xi h xpyrB juul Apyra... JÍ 
HaqHH&ia HOHHMaTB Moero CTpaHHaro cnyTHHKa, h yse ne 068- 
OTqexHHfi cxpaxi, a tfojrilsHenHafl sajiocxB b!b Heny, sx ce6%y ko 

BCtlťB OAHHORHMl CBQXaJBI^aMl, ÓJiyS^aiOKRHlTB HO XeMHUMl AOpO- 

ram shbbh, HanosHHJia mok) xyiny. 

Ohi MesAy t^mi yMOJB^, xase^o BSAOxnyjii u, chabi ýy- 
passy^ npoBejii pysoio no ry€xuii'By ho, Basexcfl, coBepmeBRO 
c^ABíM^B BOiocaiťB. IIoBHAHMoiiy 8X0 OFO ocbíshjio, h oh'b saroBO- 
pHJii cnoBofiH^e: 

— A sHaexe, ta* h qyBCXBOBajx cefia xopomo? Bx xfopBMi 
E ccbubí... MoHexi 6íixb, 8xo noBaxexcfl Bam Hej^oocxBio, ho 

HHROrAa A HO tflUl XaB'B CB0(50AeH'B, saiTB Vb xo BpeMfl, BOPAa 

<5bijix jiHmoBi CBO.60AB1. CxpaHBO, ho npaBAa jih? A nesAy vbu% 
8X0 xaiTB... CoBepmeHHO ocofiennoe cocxoflHÍel Chahhib h ^b- 
cxByemB, qxo xu hh bi ^eii^ h hh aepeA'B bšitb ho BHHOBaxi, 
noxoMy m:o oxAaJi^B Bce, ttó HifLi^B. Cani cxpaAaemB — h noxony 
MeBBme cxpaAaemB sa ApyrHxi. ^ase xBoe noA^oe h rpasnoe ^&^ 
Bi 3X0 BpeMfl KyAa-xo npBqexcB, saQHBaexca wb caMufl OTAaiee* 
Hiiil yrojioKi AymH h ne 01*60x1 ejba^xb na xeófl cbohmh Haraiura 
rjasaiui. Oahhm^b ciobom%... xopomo! Kaici ÓyATO 6u Rasoft-TO 
orpoMHuň AOJtrB saojaxHJii^ hjh, jyqme, oojyqKTB HflAyiBreHipio aa 
BCÍ CBOH rpixH. 

— Jía, 8X0 cxpaHHO... — vb pasAyMBH nporoBopoia a, — Mh4 
Rasexcfl, cqacxBO sasjíioqaexcfl b^b cbo6oa^... h wb 6opB6i, h a ne 
Mory noHflXB, aaRB mosho qyacxBOBaxB ce6fl cqacxjHBHirB, chaa 
na i^ioH. 

— Ara, MU 8x0 ciuxaiH! — nacMimjiHBO bhmojbhji moA cnyr^ 



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„BSUCRTIOimft rPÁAA^- 553 

HHBi. — OpexcTaBBTe^ fl H caifx xaKi atmui npes^e. Mb% 6biio 
xesaTHExi^aTB jišn, sor^a a b'b nepsiifi pas^E Sbijte JHineH^E cbo- 
ÓQXHy H BOTL, Kor^a ireHfl neaiH no JiHTefiHOMy npocneBxy wb Ba* 
pert co cnyn^eHHHMH 8aHaBÍCKaMH, h a ee bh^í^-b, ho qyBCTBO- 
BajTB sa 9TH1IH saHaB^CBaMH mHpoBoe Teqeiiie jkh3hh,— bi axy mh- 
Hyry crpamnoe 6toeHCTB0 BJOBoraJo bi Moeft rpy;(H. SI npex- 
craBJíHfB ce&b Bcb 9th pocRomHue narasHEu h pecTopanH, dre 
apiiie BOHepme oreH, Hecyo^iecH mhmo dBHnasH c% BecaraiíH, pas- 
O^TtlMH JUOXBMH, H ITHŠ Basajocb HeecxecTBeHHuiťB, npflHO HeB'6- 
pOflTHHlfB, MTO Wh TO Bpeilfl, RaBI^ lieHH BOSyTL, TOHHO BB^pH 
Vb BTÍTB^, HeeSB^CTHO Sa^^M^B H HeRBB^CTHO Byxa, — aSHBHb BJÍfiTh 
€BOHM'B Hepe^^OlťB, H JIIOAH CH^fOTB BeceJlHTSCfl, OHTB, ^CTb, SaHH- 
MaTSCfl CBOHMH A'^aMR, H HBBTO HO BpHqHTB, HHBTO HO BOSliy- 

oqaeTCfl, ho sacrynaercfl, h HHBOMy h^tb HHBaBoro x^a ao moha... 
dro 6ujo AO TaBOfi cxeneHH aecrepiraMO, hto a pHHyjcfl-Ótijio b^ 
j^e^H% OT0611 OTBopHTB ee h saBpeqaTB aa BecB IleTepÓyprB... 
ho qysafl pyBa thxohbbo jrerja na mok) pyBy, h a sacTUJii aa 
CBoeiťB MŠcri... TyTB tojbbo a hohaji, qto yse ho npHHBA^iesy 
(SojiBine ce&bj wo a xenepB nory A^axB ne to, tofo xoqy, a to, 
^ero XOTATB xpyríe, h qTo y iieefl bo Bceu% iripik hštb HHqero 
laBoro, ^tb a mopb 611 HaasaTB cbohmi... 

— Hy, H HTO se, pasBŠ bto ho ysacHO? — BOCBJHBHyjia a. 

— O, Aa, 8T0 ÓHJO yjsacHO... motda, — npH6aBHJx ohx mhofo- 
BHaqHTejBHO. — IIomhh), Bor^a mcha npHBesjíH h ocraBHJH o^Horo 
vh yseHBBOfi BaMept ch xoíioahumi, ac4>ajiBT0BiiiirB nojoifB, — h 
TTO-TO TaBoe BpHqajii'B Tor^a, pyraJCA, CTyqajrB ByjaBaMH bi& ta- 
sejyio ABepB... Aftse ojaBajii. SI BasajicA cairoMy ce&k TaBHirB 
MaJ[eHBBHM^, HecqacTHHirB, oSHsreHHuirB qejioBiqBOMi... h mhí 
crpacTHO xoi^ocB, nroóu BT0-HH5yAB ycJBtmajTB hoh bphbh, npe- 
man* bo mrš, noauux&ii iieHA. Ho hrbto ne yciumaji^B, hrbto 
HO npHmexB h ne nosaji']kJ!'B. SI 6uji% oxhh'b, r BOBpyrB moha 
6ujia xoJioxHaA, BaneRHaa rpona^a, CTpamHaA b^b CBoeiťB rpo($o* 

BOITB IfOI^aHÍR... 

Ohi Ha HRHyTy saiiojqaji, BBBOJHOBaHHufi cborhr bochomh- 

HaHÍAMR. 

— Hy... a ooTOM^? — cnpocRJia a cb HeTepnŠHÍeM-B. 

Ohi o(5paTRji bo mhš CBoe npocF6TJ[']&Bmee jiřino, BOTopoe 
B/tpyrB HOBasaJiacB mhš cobcšmi mojtoauitb. 

— O, noTom ÓuJio cobcšmi Apyroe! — CBa8aj'B ohx (tb thxoh) 
ycMŠmBOff. — He npomjío h cyTOBx, BaBi a rstb Maj[eHBBaro, saj- 
Baro, HJiaqyn^aro qejOB^qBa npeBpaTRJCA b% (kuBnioro, CRJBHaro 
R ropxaro qeiOBŠBa, caiiOMy mhš ^o crxi nop'B coBepmenHO ne- 



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554 BftCTHHB'B BBPOnH. 

SB^Maro. HaqaaocB cb xoro, qTO n^ ociiaTpBBafl cbokx sanepy, 
HameA'b Fb yr^y Ha cíšat noJiyBCTepiyK) HaAonCB, Bui^paaauByio, 

JSfiJlTBiBO ÓUTbj HrOJIROfi: |,3ApaBCTByfl, TOBapHlU^B^!.. O, ^TÓ co MBOID 

6ujio, Bor^a ň yBB]iíbjn> bth KpomeqHua óyBBu, BanHcaHatia HeBŠAOMO 
qbefi pyBOK); ho HecoiiniBHO pysoio Apyra, xasi ae, BaR'&H a, saaepTaro 
BorAa-TO Bi axofi xo^gahoS, RaMennofi Batisi... Si ne Mory naaii axcro 
nepe^aiB. SI ynaji Ha roj^I^hh uepe^i ct^hoh), a E^iaosaji ee, n 
iiojHJca Ha aee... ^SApaBCTByň, SApaBCTByň, TOBapHiA^b''!.. Ji ÓuAb 
' yse He oahhx, h a 6uj[i ropA'B, a 6iiJi cqacT/iHBi», a nanero ee 
Óoajcfl H hh o MeMi ne saji^i. Mei Kasajocb, qxo a cxpamHo 

BEipOCB H CXOH) Ha RaBOffi-XO TOJIOBORpyXHXaiBHOfi BHCOXŽ, OTRyAa 

BOCb MÍpí npeACxaaiflJicfl mh'6 bi bha^ HHqxosHofl nec^HRKH. „A, 
AyMaJii a, Měna sanep^, — sna^axi, Měna fíoaxca"... H Bxa rop^aa 
MUCJB HanojHflja Měna cosHaHÍeM^ Heo6uRHOBeHHoli modih h co6* 
cxBeHHaro BejiH^ia. JI oohbjii, hxo b'b sxy RaMeHByio Morujy sa- 
RjiioqeHa xojBRO OAHa sajiRaa o6ojKoqRa Moero „«'', Moe x'kiOy a 
cani ,a", x.-e. Moa mhcjib, moh bojih, — ob4 cboóoahu h BJiacxayioxib 
na^i MÍpoMi>, cJiHBaHCb co MHomecxBoifi* ApyrHxx xaaHxi jeo „a'', 
OAynieBjeHHBixx xoro ae cboÓoahoio mucjibk), xok) ae BOJiefi. — H a 
CHOBa npHnaAajťB rx xojroAHOň cxtu-j^ h RpHqajTB bx aocxopr^: 
„SípaBCXByft, 3ApaBCTByfi, xoBapHiai**!.. 

Ohi xaai rpoMRO BURpHRHyjii 8xu ciosa, qxo amh^hb^ Hcny- 
raHHO orJiAHyjica h apiocTaHOBHJix Jioma^eK. 

— Bh qero 9xo? Mh* qxo-JiB? — cupocaax obi, aeAOB^pqHBO 
BOCflCB Ha Moero cnyxHHRa. 

— HHqero, Hnqero... no']&3aafi! — caasajia a h o6paxHjiacB rtb 
cocŠAy: - DpoAOJiiKafixe... 

— Hy... ci dxoro aha A^a nena naqa^acB Raaaa-xo ABofinaa 
fflH3HB. Oaho Moe „a", x.-e. Moe xijio, xoahjo hbi yrjia b-b yrojKB 
HO TiopeMHoli RaMep-j^, npHHHMajio xiopeMHyio nan^y, ojihhu^b cjo- 
BOM^B, BunojiHAJio oCuqHBifi apecxaHTCRÍfi peaHMi; ho saxo Apyroe 
„a% CBo6oAHoe, CHjBHoe, CM-kaoe, oho aejio »h3hbh) Bcero Mipa, 

BH*]^ BCABHXl SaROHOBX H nOpflAROBI>, HHROMy HO HOAqHHeHHOe, HH 

oxx Roro HesaBHCflDíee. 9xhx'b qexupex^ cxíhi, aoxoptia ox^^JiaJiH 
Hena oxi Bcero auByn^aro, a-^a mcha ue cyo^ecxBOBajio: a hxi ue 
BHA^jix, COBC^M^B HO ^id^A^^M^xh. Mbicjb moa paóoxajia cxpamHO, h 
a HHRorAa ne AyMajix h ne qyBcxBoaajx xaai ch^ibho, Óypno h 
apRO. KaRÍe rpaHAÍosHBie npoeRxu co^H^ajHcs bb Moeii roJOB^l 
Kaaie AHcnyxu a bcjii cb Boo6paaaeMUMH onaoHeHxaMHl EaRÍa 
piqa npoHSHOCHJix nepeA'B bcímt* qeJOBÍqecxaoMx!.. H moh xiopeM- 
n^HRH HHqero oóx bxom-b ne anajiH h ho mofjih mh'6 noMimaxB, — 
Bi axoMi 6u.ia moa ropAOCXB h Moe xopaecxBO. Kor^a Měna bu- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



SBa^H H& AOnpOCl, fl ee B£IM0.3BHJI!b HH O^HOrO (MOBa; XOTfl }ia% 

vb cyn^HOCTH, h eenero 6luio hmx cEasaTS, no cosHaHÍe^ hto hhjsto 
H Bvmiwb iie tfo^erB sacTaBHTb uenn roBopHXb, HHBaRaa CHJia h 
BjacTs HHKorxa ee npoHHRHerB b^b hoh mmucjnny bi Moe ^CBaiafl 
CBflTQxi'' 0631 Moero Bizona H 2ieiaHÍff, — dTo codHame ^'^ajío 
xesfl <5e8M']&pHO cnacTJíHBUMi, RaRi 6£iBaH)Ti> c^acTjniBu jihiiib „6orH 
B-b eeóecaxt". BepnyBrnncb kx ce&b aomoH, T.-e. bi Kaiiepy, a 
DoAoineji^ Ki crbwb h cKasaj^b: „SApaBCTByfi, TOBapHI^^^! CŤ^sa 
Mojqaja... HO... fl SHaat, a ^yBCTBOBaJi^, a b4phji'b--b*pío h tb- 
nepb, ^0 B^b ly Mneyiy MOfi neBt^OMBiii TOBapan^i, ta*^ 6u obi 
HH Chjtb, Ba Basofi 6u tohrš seMHoro mapa hh Haxo^Hjicfl, — oh^b 
yoiumajKB Moe npHB^TCTBie h OTEJiHRByjcfl aa nero. ň ne snaH)^ 
BaRi»... MOserB Óutby oh^b HSHeMorB b'b JSRSHeHHofi 6opB6'i, totobtb 
6ujn> ynacTB — h moíí AajeRÍft npHSUBi oGo^pui ero, h ohi BCTaji, 
H CHOBa nomejii BnepeAi... MoserB (Jbitb, ohi coMH^Bajicfl, xe- 
pfljii Bipy Bx caMoro cefia h b% jiioAefl, — h BApyn Riaofi-TO ho- 
Bt^oMHfi CB^TB osapHJ^B ero co3HaHÍe, pa3c%flj'B ero coMH^nia, h 
on'B, saÓjyAHBmificfl b^ noTeMRax'B sshshh, ohatb Bumejii Ha ao- 
póry Ri» BÍíHOň npaBAi... DoHeMt a sHaro? Vbabí bbi ne nepe- 

XRBaJH Vb CBOeĚ ;RH3BH XaRHX^B CTpaHHUX'B MOHeHTOBl, ROr^a B'B 

oĎHHHHň nopHAOR-B Bamero cyn^ecxBOBaHÍfl BApyra BxoprajocB qxo-TO 
Bam HeB^AOMoe, DpHmeAmee HeHSB^cxHO oxRyAa, h hjih ocxasaB- 
JiHBajio BacB, H^H xoJiRajio BnepeA^? Bh He SBaexe, nb 3xo xaRoe 
dH.io, Eo 9fno Óujio, H HHorAa OAHoro TaRoro MOMeaxa Aocxaxo^no 
Aifl Toro, qxoCH nepeBepnyxB Bsepxx ahomi bch) Bamy »h3ub. 
OAHaacAiA 6^^T> CO mhok) bi Ch6hph xaROtt ciyqaž... Mu 6'6xajH 
ci OAHHMi nocejieaiíeMT), qepRecoMX, h h^hjih no AHrap'i. BApynt 
paspasHjacB Ďypa, — Becjia y nacB cJOMaaHCB, JioARy saRpyxHJio h 
noxan^Bvio npAMO Ba RaMHH. rH6e.ib óujia, neBsC^ssa, h mbi sAa.iH 
CMepxH. H BApyrx npoH3oniJio qyAO... JIoARa Bama sanyxajiacB bi 
KopHflxi cjroMaoBaro A^pesa, b mu, bmícxo xoro, hxo6u pa36HTbCfl 
wb ApeCesFH RaMBH, 6jiaronojiyqfio Bu^pajincB Ba 6epen. Mofi 
HepKect jiHROBajii, njiaRaJix, KaRi auta, B3UBaji'B kx Aji.iaxy, h 
noToaPB cRasaJi: „A SBaeniB, AoCpaS RyaaKi y BacT> Óujix, — obi 
sa BacTB MOJTBjcfl Bi xorB qaci>, ROFAa CMepxB npBDiJia sa BaMs''... 
A Kxo SBaeTB, Moaiexx Chxb, obi 6bi-tb npaB^... íejOBÍRi oahb^, 
Bo ho oahbob'b, h »h8ub ero xaR'B tšcbo CBAsasa cb sRfiSEbío 
Bcero Mipa, tto bh pAna mucjb ero, bh oabo A^fiCTBÍe bc npoxo- 
MTT, 6631 Toro, TTOÓH HO oxpasHXBCA Ba cyAbfi* Apyroro, MO»erB 
6hxb, coBepraeBBO BensBicxnaro eny nejroBÍKa, rxo 6h obi bh 
fiHJiT,, — Apyrx hjh BparB... 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



556 BftOTHHBrB BBPOXOl. 

— ^a... SH3HB CIOSHEy HO SI Hefi HaAO OTHOCHTECfl npOCTO, — 
SEM^THJia fl. 

— T.-e., KaB^B aio? — BCTpeneHyjcfl MOfl cnyiARKi. 

— 5paTb Bce, 9TÓ OHa xmti, ee saxyMUBaflCB HaX^ vbwby — 
HysHO 8T0 EiH He HysHO. Heaqe bh pHCByere bcio sHsn cbo» 
npoBecTH nftAx p^meHÍeM^B dToro Bonpoca, a Bor^a pinute Ha- 
Roaei^i H saxoTHTe smti — asaseb yase nponua... 

— O, dTO yse ^epesqypí npocTo! — cb HpoHHqecKHMrB cm^ou% 
BOCMHKHyjx OHx. — Bpaxb TO, ht6 ona ^aerb... A eciH ne ji^aen? 

— fly... Torxa xoÓHBaTbCfl. 

— íero?.. A ecJH Toro, nero mhí naxo, nirb bo Bcen 
MÍpi, — Torxa Kasi? Eirb^ Bce axo ne to... Wimuh x^fiCTBHreibHO 
cj[OSHa h nozosa Ha MysuKaibHuft HHCTpyMeHTiy kb BOTopom, 
OAHaRO, tíojbme ;^HCCOHaHCOBx, Tbm BOHCOHaHCOBx. H botb ojihh 
npHHHMaforb 9th ;^HCCOHaHCEi sa tíosecTBOHHyK) Mysiisy, — laiie 
cqacTJHBbi H AOBOJibHu; Apyríe cjumarb xasAufi (|)ajbniHBEifi SByn— 
H cxpaxaiorB. SI hsx Tasflxx... Axi, bosa^, BesA^ a cjfiímy TOibso 
OAHH AHCCOHaHCbi, H OHH pasAHpaiorb MOK) xyniy! — AOÓaBHi^ ohx ci 
OTHaflHÍeMi h czBaTHJCfl sa rojoBy. 

— A noMHHTO... FB TfopbMi? Bu cefiqaci pascBasiiBaiH... — 

ocTopo2(HO HanoMHHJia H, se^afl Bepnyib ero bi npepBaHHOxy 
pascBasy. 

Ohx CHOBa npOCB^TJI&irB. 

— Atb, xa... A^l^KcTBHTOJiBHO... TaMi 6uÁ0 9T0-T0 Hoxoseo aa 

CHH^HÍH), HJH KAKb OHa XaiTb HaSUBaOTCfl, HO 3HaH>. Ho B^ff^ 

dTO TOJBBO TaM^B u ÓBiJTO, a HOTOHx OHflTB HOHua Tasas ysacHafl 
BaBo^HÍfl... J(a BOTB H BaMx pascBasy, ecja xothto. Bbi eo^e ae 
ycxajiH cjryniaTb? 

— O, híti!.. nos&ay&CTa roBOpaxe! — nocniraao OTB^^axa a. 

— Hy, xopomo. — íepeax mecTB MÍcai^eB'B a Óhjix BunyH^Hi 
na CBotíoAy, — sto 6ujo paHneio aecHofi, saseTca, bi aaujri^ nás, 
xopomeHBBO ne domhh). Ror^a, noeii Be&x'B ^pMaibHOCxeĚ, Měna 
„npH naBeri" npenpoBOAHiH wb yqacTOBX, a OTTy^a na bc6 qe- 
Tupe CTopOHH, — a coBepmeHHO o^ypÍJii. Beqepx 6ua% BaBofi-TO ne- 

06bIBH0BeflHlltt... HJIH OHI HOBasaSCa MHÍ TaBHlťB... Ho HOMHfOy ^TO 

Hena oco5eHHO nopasHJio Tor^a He6o, — TaBoe CB^xioe, orpoMHoe 
H... sejienoe, — snaexe, aaBoe oho Óuaaexx xojibBO b% IlexepÓypri 
aecHofi, Hocjš sasaxa cojHi^a? SI ocxaaoBHJLca nocpe^H yjHi^u a 
cxajii Ha nero CMOxp^xb... KaBi tíy^xo paesme a HHBorAa ero 
ne BExkrb. VL oho 6ajio xaBi npeapacno, xaB:B qacxo, xaB% 6e8- 
MaxesHO, 9X0 a ne mopb na nero HarjaA^xbca... h fl,yu9un>: .Botb 
Bi qeiťB c^acxbe, — qxoóu BcerAa, bck) asasab CMOxp^XB na axo neCo, 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



„BSUCKyiouyfi tpam"- 557 

s BOTX Wh wwh yauuTB TiopKifibi^ — qxo Tam ero dohth HERor^a ne 
BHAHmB''... Bnpoqeni, ne sheh), ne noMaio, TaB'B jh a HneHHO 
Kjuufhy BO apHÓiiJi3HTeiLH0, saseTCfl, TaR-B. H BApyrB Meefl kto-to 
6aibH0 TOJiKuyjii, — fl soxy-TO noMimaJi; MesA Biipyrajiu „pasEHeK" 

K&H 9T0-T0 *Bl dTÚM^B pOft^, H fl QHOHHUCfly fl nOHyBCTBOBaJl, 

^0 fl Ha CBOÓOA^ H nory hath, Ry^a x<Hy. Ho Ry^a? <fl CBepHy;i'E 
Cb MaxoĚ HTajihAHCROft na JlHTefieufi ja nomejii ri OAHOMy cBoeify 
seMjflRy H TOBapHn^y, ci ROTopuMX mu Cujijí o^chb xpy^flu H 
SBJB paBbme Bif^cxi. ď meji cTpamHO Cacrpo, nonra Ci^roiii, 

Ch SaRflIťB-TO OCOtfeHHO paAOCTHUMl ^yBCTBOM'B Vb K^m^. PaXOCTHO 

MH^ Óhuio ne CTO^RO noTOMy, ^to a 6ujn> CBO^OAeai h hofb a%- 
jaTb Bce, ?t6 xot^i, — h^tb, fl paAoaajicfl Tony, hto botb a 
TenepB BOSBpan^aiocB ri cbohmi ApysBflifB ee t^itb, hími a Ceijtb 
npea^e, iro a oepeaK&ai h BHaio to, nero He BeaioTi APyrie; h boti 
fl npHAy H pasciasy to HOBoe h Baseoe, htó necy bs CBoefi j^ymiy 

H MCHA BHCJyniafiOrB CB BOCTOprOlťB, H BaueTCfl HOBaA SH3BB... 

£L CB yMHJieBieiii CMorpŠJi^ Ha RasA&ro npoxosaro; a judChjix 
Bdbx^B, BecMorpfl aa to, hto neHA TOJiRajH h pyraJiH, Ror^a a 
nona^aJCA Boxy-HH6yAB na Aopori, ho oco^enao a judCbíii Bce- 
TasH Heóo, BeieHoe h THxoe He(!o, ROTopoe Bcer^a h bosa^ oaho 
A^ Bcšxx H BO Bcš BpeMena BpBBaftieaRaio bcšm'b h RasxoMy 
<$e8pa8A'&iBB0... Ho nocTOfiTO, — a, Raa^ercA, obatb OTaseRCA. Hpo- 
lUflTaA npHBuqRa — roBopsTB Bcjyxi o lowbj o ^eMi ayaRHo xy- 
xaTB npo teúal 3to — TiopeMBaA npHBu^Ra... 

Ha JlHTefiHOifi» MOCTy a en^e pasx ociaBOBH^CA, ^toÓbi no- 
CMorp^TB Ba He60y h noTOH'B noM^ajCA A^^Bine. H botb, ci ae- 
ÓecanH Bs jíjnAy sbohk), BpHBaiocB, RaRi GypA, b^b RBapTHpy h 
cnpaoíHBaK) oxpHnmHMi orB xoju^aro Mo^^aHÍA rojocoMi: „AOHa''? 
— „^OMa". Bxoxy. ToBapnim 6ujn> ne oahbi, y Hero cha'í^'b 
Xpyrofi BaQi'B aeiuAR^B, h o6a obh ci yBJLe^eHÍeMi HrpajiH b% niax-' 
Maru. J^OJUSBO 6iitb, a sacTajii bxi bi caMOMi BHTepecBOMi mo- 
iceHT^ Hrpu, noTOMY HTO o6a nocMorpijfl na mcba m^thumh rjia- 
saMH, B TOSBRO Hepe8!B MBflyTy TOBapan^i y3flaj['B mcha b boc- 
BJBRflyji Cb yABBjíeBieMi, bo tíesx ocotíeBBOfi pa^ocin: „A, 8to 
th''!.. niaxMaTU ocToposBO, HTotíu Be cnyraTB xoaobi, 6blih ot- 
CTaBJíeBH Wh CTopoBy, B BanajflCB o6uqH£ie pascnpocu: „RaRi, 
noneny, wt" b t. a. fl ^to-to OTBiqajii, — AOiaao 6htb, bo bbodwb, 
noTOMy ^To OBH, pa3capafflHBaA, bi to se BpeMA cMOTp-bjíH na 
maxiiaTu h^ noBHABMOMy, rop&iB sejaHÍeMi cBOBa-aa^aTB npe- 
pBaBflyfo Brpy. H a BApyn bobaji, tto obb CTpamao AajeRB otl 
Toro, tc6 a npBHeíTB cx coóoio orryAa, b ropA^ifi cbítb, Banoj- 
HflBBiifi MOK) Ayiny^ thxo-thxo yracaj'B... IIotomi noflBBJCA caMo- 

ToMi V.— OKTaBPB, 1902. 86/o 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



558 BftCTHHSl EBPOIIH. 

Bapi H 6yjisR; mu hejh nafi h voBopnim oÓ^b assaxeHarb, a to- 
Bapan^i padcsasajirB cM^mHoK eiynaft ci npo^^eccopoM^B aHatoiiiH, 
fiOTopuft cp^ssjii> oxHoro cryxeHTa sa to, tto owh HCRaji KasyK)- 
TO glandula Pineales bi oatb^, mosaj t^m^b RaRi oaa HaxoxHTCfl 
Bi> Mosry... n fl aiymajTB, a xoxoraii bm^ctí cl eřue^ a xbj9LM% 
bha'b, ?to MeHfl Tose oqeHB HHTepecyerB glandula Pineales, a cam 
jí.yuM^: „a r^i ae two... ^tč 6hjio*?.. H B^pyrB a noj(Hjucfl m 
nomejx r'b ^j^Bepsni. ,,IIoctoS, Ryxa se tu?^ — csasajTL TOsapanii^B 
Cb yAHBjeHieifi. „B^a^ y Te<$fl eítl RBapTHpu... r^b se th ho- 
^yemb?" — Si npoÓopMOTaji tco-to neonpeA^&ieHHoe h, orjflnyBniBCB 
y nopora^ ysEA^jii, ?to ohh caosa noAOXBHHyjiH maxMaTKi, h to- 
Bapen^i osaCo^enHO cnpamHBajiQb CBoero napxHepa: ,?e& xox%? 
BaseTCfl, moř"?... 

BuftAA Ha yJiHi^y, h jífixro ne mofb coo6pa3HTB, qxd rasoe tíiuo 
co MHOH). TfopbMa, y^acTOBi, sejeeoe neóo, maxMaTu, glandula 
Pineales, — Bce nepenyTajocs bx Moeft roiOB*... Tojbbo na nocry 
fl CHOBa Hanie.fl caMoro ceófl, nOTOMy ?to yBHA&i'B nefio. Oho 
6ujio emfi sejeaie, en^e rjiyóse, h cnuto BaKHMi-TO saraAOimun, 
CTpaniHBnťB cÍHBÍeH'B. GTpaniBBíMi noTOMy, ^to oho mjio hcbí^omo 
OTRy;^a h bi to se BpeMs 6ujio BesA^. Bx homi diuo vto-to 5fl6jieficKoe, 
HanoMBHaBmee nepsiie ahh TBopefliď. OojHua en^e ne 5ilio, ne 5iuo 

BOMJIH, 6UJ19L TOJBRO BÍHHOCTB... H „CtíCTb CB^Tl" ...BnpO^eMl, 8T0 BCe 
He TO... A „TO** ÓUJIO BOTB ÍTĎ: fl CTOflJTB Ha MOCTy, H „ÓHCTb CBÍTx", 

H Bi> dTOMi cb^tí, HO osapeHHafl HMi, a RaRx 6yAT0 UHBnzaaca 
ch HHMi, THxo Mepi^aja Hesa, h na^ib hoh) cMyrHO xeMHtiH 6e8- 

MOJIBHUfl rpOMa^U AOMOBl. H TaMl, Wh dTHXl rpOMaAHilXl flnfH- 

Raxi, RouoniHJiHCb TbicflHH JiíOflfilkj dTHXTi MajtesbRHxib, sauHrb 
cyn^ecTBi, o R0T0pbix'b a TaRx TOCROBaji'B bi MoeM^ oahhotoctbí 
H ROTopaxi TaRi jiio6ejii> hmobho sa to, ^to ohh TaRi Maiu h 
sajRH. n BOT% fl npHmeji ri hhmi, h ohh moha ne SHaiorb, h a 
He SHafo Hxi. H Becb hxi MÍpí Óuii mh% qysAi h CTpaneH^, h 

Bil rpOMaAHOM'B nOTOR'6 SH3HH, ROTOpBift HiyMHO M^aJICfl MHMO MeHlI, 

fl 6uji'b OHflTb OAHH^ H HHROMy He HyseHi. Smíwl se 6um Bce 
TO, ^t6 6BLS0? II saq-bMi a npHmejii? — ň cnoBa bcuomheii paBHO- 
AyniHHfl jiHi^a mohxi TOBapHn^efi, maxMaTu, ROTopufl HUTepecoBANra 
Hxi 6oJbnie, TbM'b fl, pasroBopu o6x aRsaMenaxi, ^ — h mh£ saxo- 
T&iocb yfiTH coBCŠMi H HaBcer^a wb stotb xojOAUBifi, thxíA, se- 
jieHbifi CB^Tb. — PasBŽ sHSHb ne nua TaRi, RaRi ona H^erb seer^a, 
xoTfl Bi Hed MOHfl H HO 6uJio? H pasB^ ona ne nofixeri TaR:b se, 
Ror^a Meufl ne Óy^OTi? 

B^pyrb RTO-TO csa^H Tponyjix MenA aa njre^o, — a orjflHyjrca. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



„BdBiGRyiDiipi rpÁM^- 559 

Oepe^o HBoB crofl^rb ropoAOBofi h cmotp'6jii na ueBň cypoeo h 
Be;(OBÍpuBO. 

— Bh Tyrb ^ero bto, rocno^HHx? — cnpocim oui no;(03pH- 

TeJBHO. 

— a mizero. 

— A HH^ero, ThVb h crynafire ce&b. Tyro ctohtb beitb ae- 
íero. 

JQ[ nomejTE. Mh% 6iuo Bce pasHo, sy^a hh hj^to, h a mejrb 
Bce npflMO, Ryxa eecjiH neHA Hora. IIoichk), Rasi mhmo Meefl npo- 
MejBSByjTb HeBCsifi, Becb fb orHflX'By Bece^ufi, CMiioa^ftcfl, 6e3- 
CTHAHHfi. noMHK) mapsaHbe Hon, ^lh-to Harjicifl jHi^a, ^efi-TO 
Harjuft xoxoTi h o6phbrh oycTEixi h ÓeacTHAHux^ ptqei. Bce 
hlio Bas^B Bcerxa: oahh noRyna^H, Apyrie apa^asaiito; oxhh Ókuis 
CBTBy H nÓTOMy aeceiii; Apyrie xotíjih ^ctb h sa^^HHiiH rjiasaHR 
HCRajM vb TOia^ Toro, rto Mor& hx^b HaRopMBTb, npej^Jiarafl 3a 
9fo Bce, ^TĎ y HHXi 6hjio, — Ayray h t4jo. Y Ras^aro fiiuia cboa 
maxMaTHaa napTÍfl, h RasAOlt sejajTB CA&raTs diHZRHeny CBoeMy 
inax^ H MarB. A b mexB h xy^ai^B, ^to Hasi^pHoe wh dxy saieByio 
fieceHHK)K) H(nB, Blb ^Tofi MHOroxioxHOft, necTpoK TOJini He 5eijio 

HHROrOy RTO 6U BCnOMHHJirB XOTB Ha HPHOBeHie o T&XX OAHHORHXl 

H 3a6uTurB, Roropue cpexH cbohxb qeTiipex'B ctIhi crpa^^aiarB 
8a Bcšxi H sa BCfl H CHJiflTefl noAHATB Ha cboh ciaóufl njie^iH bck) 
Tflry seMHylo. H fl Tor^^a ae ptmarB, qio ecjiH yate lejiostíecTBO 
oópeneHO BCK) SHSBb CBOio roHflTBCfl sa oÓMaHqHBBíMH npHspaRavH, 

TO CaMHfi RpaCHBUft EVb HHXB^ — npH8paR'B BCeoSu^arO C^aCTbfl h 

CB060AU9 H sa Hero ctóetb OT^arB CBoe jrHqeoe ciacTBO h 
CBOK) cBOÓOAy... Bnpo^eMx, Bcero 9Toro ne nepe^amb, — Bce bu- 

XOAHTB Ha CIOBaX'B XaRl CRy^HO H TaRX AJIHHflO. RaR'B »aJB, ?T0 

jiioAH He MoryrB noHHMaxb Apyn ;(pyra 6631 cjobb! Hy, pasBŠ bbi 
noHfljni MeHfl xenepb? PasBt nepeqyBCTBOBajH co mhoh) Bce to, 
HTĎ* qyBCTBOBajii fl Tor^a, Óiys^aa no neTepÓyprcRHirB yjiHi^aMx 
Bi Ty sejienyH), (í)aHTacTHqecRyH) ho^b? 

— Mh% RaseTCfi, a BacB noHHMaio! PascRasiiBafixe j!,áJihme. 

— ^t6 6hjio AaJiBffle, xotetc bu sHaTs? Jía HHiero ocoĎen- 
Haro... 6*6^^ cyTB-TO ne bo BH'&niHHxi coSutíax^b voett shsbh, a 
BO MH^ caMOMi; H fl xoT&iB TOJbRo pascRasaib ea&iB, RaSB Bl 
TH)pbMÍ H HamejTB caMoro ce6fl, a na CBo6o;tt — CHOBa noTepflJiB. 
TaMi ÓÉiJio Bce TaRi npocTO h acho, as^icb — TaR^ tcmho h sa- 

nyTaHHO. Tam a qyBCTBOBaJIl, ITO mHBy co BCtM'B MÍpOMB, H 

irípx aRHBOTB BO mhí, a sjítcb A Óujn o;(HHORB H HHROMy He ny- 

SeH%. IIOTepflHHElfi, 3a6jyAHBmÍftCA BB C05CTBeHHUXB MblOIAX^ H 

qyBCTBaxx, A nieji'B, caaiB ne snaA Ry^a, h CBOBa oqyTHJCA na na^ 

36* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



560 BMTHHKb BBPOOU. 

ÓepesHofi HeBii, rjíib-TO obojo JI^Bopi^OBaro uoera. Hoře y iteflfl 
HecrepoHMO heijih ovl xoabCbi, h a npecfajLi ea rpaHHTHjH) osaiiBio 
y ^panexa. BospyrL ne 6huí0 hhroto, h Hoqs (JBUia Tasí ase 6e3- 
MfliesHO CB-bTjia. Á sacyHyji pyRH bi pynasa CBoero TOlAaro najiB- 
Teaa, iipBrp'&J!Cfl h 8aApeMaji'B. H botb, cpe^e Giaxicaro saÓuTBfl^ 
wb BOTopoe fl yise Haqajii norpysaTbCfl, r B^pyrb na^yacTBOBai^, 
?T0 fl ne ojiflwh... HTO rto-to čtobtb na^o mhok) h cmotphtb sa 
HeHfl. A BSxporHyjTB h Cb TpyAOMX OTRpiurb OTAxej^Binifl o^rh... 
Jl^i&CTBHTeJibHO, nepexi* mhok) ctoajki ^eiOB^Ri h npecxaisHO cfUh 
ipijii Ha MeHfl. HicROJBRO MHByrB MU Moiqa pascMarpREan 
ApyrB Apyra 6e8% BCflRaro EsyiuieHifl h Hcnyra, b^poatho noroicy, 
HTO HaiTB odoHMi HB^ero tíujo 6oflTbCfl. Oh% 6uji'h 0]Arb Tasí se, 
RaRi H H, Bi pBaHoe JiŽTHee najLTO, nepeaoflcasHoe.^^irb-To bs 
poA'6 BepeBSB, H Tasse sacyHyjrb pyRH wh pyRaBa, ^o6ei corp'bTBCfl. 
Ha rojiOBŽ y nero Top^a^a cnjiH)CHyTafl ^ypajSRa, h H3i-noAi ro* 
BiipbRa BBirjflXBBajio ÓJiimoe, xy^oe jihi^o, — xaRoe xy^oe, hto Ha 
HeMi MosHO 6ujío nepec^HxaxB bc6 rocxh. lE^ecH RasaiHCB xByxu 
qepHUMH AMaMH B na saocxpeHHOiťB nox0opoAR% poeiB p^^sie 
RjOHbfl BOJioeb. Ho oasa na 9tou% noiyifepxBOirb jihi^í Óqjhsb- 
Biie, apRÍe, ocxpue h BHHMaxejuHbie, RaRi y ARsaro sB^pRa, mvhr 
sa yrjia BucMaxpHBaion^aFO Ao6Eny. Ohi saroBopHi^ nepsufil 

— HanBpocoHRB nixy, MOHmepi? 

£L CRasajiTi, hxo h'6'^. Oh^ npBCBHCByjrb; pascMŠifJCfl b c^ 
RaRofi-xo oco6eHHo6 ^pa^íefi no9eca.rb o^y nory o Apyryio, otfaar 
pysBB^b npH dxoM^b coBepmeHHO npoxepTUH hoaohibei cbobxx canorb. 

— Hy, B xenerb xose, 5e8i BCflRaro comhíhíh,— hh nrama? 

— H4xi, jsfiEerh neMHoro ecxb. 

r^asa ero cnepRHyjiH eusfi íip^e, b ohi ci bhabmiim'^ BHxepe- 
cowh noAckai ro mhí na CRaMbH). 

— KaRx aRe axo bbi xaRi... He onacaexecb? — cnpocHjr& oh^, 
BrpBBO noAxajRBBafl mchh naeHOMii b'b njeqo. 

— 9ero ate onacaxbca? 

— Hy, RaRi qero? ŤeMHofi ho^h, aioro ^^Jia... Oho, nojosBirby 
BO^b xenepb ne xeMHafl, ho... aibifl jsíkjiB, b CBŽxa ne 6oflxefl. Jíjbí 
Bu Rxo xaRoň? He hs-b cxy^eHxoBx? 

— Bujvh cTjjs^envb. 

— 3x0 uoxose. Hami Cpaxx, hm^a wh Rapifani napo^my 
CBŠxjfl^ROBi, Bcer;^a Hafi;^ex% M^cxeno noxenjiie. A a, 6íhjíOj no- 
AyMai['B CHa^asa, ^xo bu xose hsi „cxp^^OBi^. HoxoMy, »>'nep- 

BUXl (OHl RpHXH^eCRB OFJIflAtjirb MOBH Cb HOFb Jífi rOIOBu)... 
OA*XH BU „Bl pOA* B0JI0;íh"... a BO-BXOpUX^, — CMOXpro, CHAHTb 

ceů^b qejOBŠRi hohbk) na ^jleuj^ — b ho cx^CHaexcfl. Cxajio 6uTBy 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



„BsacsyDoyfi rPAM*'- 561 

HH^ero npH Bewh wbrh axasoroy htoÓh, SBaere, mosbo 5uio, teki^ 
csasaTb, „aMnomě'' (ohi CA'&iajii cooTF&TCTeeHHEifi secrb pyKofi)... 
A MBoro y Bací x^Herb, HssHHHTe sa HecspoMaufi BoapocB? 

A ;^ocTajis RomaieffB, nepec^Hra^-B AeHbrH, — 6ujlo qio-TO obojo 
pjÚJULy — H noxai^B eMy. OffB rose nepecurax^B h onaTb npH- 

CBHCHyJl. 

— HeifHoroI Ho aeMHoro — bto Bce-TasH ee to, ^to cobcžmi 
BH^iero. IIoJlAeifTe, M0Hniep%! 

— Kjji.fi? 

— A TjTb HexaJieKO, sa ^HTaHsy. R'b xoett cecrpi. To-ecTs, 
08a ee to ^to6ei uwb 6iua po^Haa cecTpa, ho dTO Bce paBHO. 
IIpoBeAeirb npiffTHO BpeMfl. 

Mu BCT&iH H nomjH, H marn HamM ryjuu) OT^aBasHC^ na ny- 
CTEiHHOfi HaÓepesHoft, OTpaauteMue bhcobhhh CTŠeaMH Barjyxo sa- 
nepTHzrb aomob%. 

— A BHaeTe vtó, — csasajii mh^ Mofi HOBiifi sHaBOMuB. — Bce- 
TaEH 8T0 o^eHb fijiaroiipiflTHoe ^HCTe^eme" oÓcroffřeibCTBx, mo 
Ba npocHyjHCB. He npocHBCb bh, sl 6u. nosajiyfi, AepsHyjii... 

— Ha ^t5 ;^ep8HyjH? 

— Hy, MKh csadaTb... homhosbo 6u noBscj^xoBaJii... T.-e., 
oxHOft pysofi aa ropJiuniRO, a Apyrofi — sa AOHnmso. H bto Óujío 6u 
o^eHb rjyno. Bo-nepBiix^b, Hameii 6u Bcero BoceMb rpHBeni ch 
TpiomHHBOHi, a BO-BTopuxi, — iHQiHjea 6u npiflTHaro sHaBOMCTBa. 
Ho HTÓ ;rbuTb, MOHmepi, óuBaiorb TaBÍn CTpaHBUfl BontíHaai^ifl! 
Bi qejOBtB* MHoro CBHBCTBa, ocofieHHO Bor;ía obx xoíoti »paTb, — 
BOBHMaeTe? — He symaTb h x^se ae ^CTb, a HMeoBO — oicpamhl.. 

H AU HariflAHOCTH owh A&se ayóaira non^ejBasi' h 5jih3bo 
sarjiflHyji-B mhí b^ jbi^o cbobmb BeecrecTBeaBO apsemh, eifiioii^HMHCfl 
rjiasaMB. 

— Ho oocjiymafiTe, — csasarb e. — BeysejH bu mofjih tín iieBA 
Aase... npHxyniHTb? 

Obi Bavb-TO bomhhbo nepeAepHyji* cbohmh boct^abumb nje^aMH. 

— A ^rrd se j^bMThj MOBmepi! — fiesBenao BOCBJHBayji oh'b. — ď 
^eioBŠKb HO aioil, Bo vb^h Bce-TaBB... a qejiOBisfb! Anrejibi bo 
pojiflTCfl vb rpasnoň jLymi, — Be rasi .ih? 

Obi hto-to Aoaro eoíe FOBopBJí wb btomi poA*, bo a y»e 
BJioxo ero CMjmíuvhy pasAyMUBaa' o Tovb, Baaofi CTpaaHBifi CBaqoBfb 
cji&iarb a, noaaB% npaMO bsi spome^Baro qeT£ipezyrojn»BHHBa 
oxHBO<iBofi BaMepu Ha mapoBÍa y^Hipi rpoMa^aaro ropová h Hs^b 
apespaCHOfi o6jiacTH BOSBiimeHeBix-L MeqTaHÍft ouieBByBniflCb Ba 
caMoe XHO „Mopa sBTeftcBaro''. Eo^e ceroAHa yTpoM'B a, b% caMO- 
OTBepaceHBOirb nopuBĎ, jrmíjsmt^ bbbx mosbo CBop^e oi^aTb cboh) 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



562 MGTHHKB KBPOim. 

SHSBB 8a ^ejioBi^ecTBO, a botb Teneps haj HeasBicTHO By;^ c^ 

^eJIOBtBOM'B, KOTOpSlil CaifB XOTŠJII JHmHTb lieHfl SH8HH... Hsi-sa 

^ero? H8^-8a H'6cKa»BHxi cepefipaBuxi MonerB, na Boropufl toako 
H MOSDO BiinHTB Aa saBycHTb. He qy^OBemeo ih Óujko aro?.. h 
Fb TO se BpeMfl ne cifimHOJiH xoToro, ^Tosecb Mipi mopb Tpeo 
HyTb no mBaM-B otx xoxoia? 

H BOTTB MBI mJIH OAHH DO 6e8MOJIBHHMl H oyCTEIMl ySSnfiWby 

TaBÍe AueBÍe h bt* to ase BpeMfl TaBi crpameo 6iHdBÍe... Oh!B — 
rojiOAHufi, H33fl6niifi bx cbohxi* jioxmotbaxi, Becb AepraH)iiiifica ovh 
8Jioro cvíxa h cy^opori bi se^^K^; a — noTepHBinitca, c% ony- 
CT^Bmeio xyinoft, ci Óojbhumx cepweii^, BOTOpoe ho seaji^B, Rony 
OTAaTb... Ohx npHineji^ hsi caMuxi doaohbobi shshh, rj^ ne i^ňT%y 
a „»pyT^", r^i neperpuaaiorb Apyn Apyry ropjio ii8x-8a By esa 
xjrl6a; fl cnycTiucfl cx BiicoHafiinHX'B Bepninarb sejroBinecKofi 
MHCJiH, TA* rpeaarb o BceoĎmeMx paBCHCTB* h ĎpaTCTBÍ. H Bce- 
TaBH Mesxy naMB Óiuia crpaHnaa CBfldb: mu o6a ÓhuiE „OTsep- 
soBuu"; y ofiOHXi se Óujio HH^ero, h o6a mu 6bijh fotobu na 
Bce, DOTOMy ^TO HaMi He^ero Úujlo TepsTb. A MÍpii, OTBeprayBinitt 
HacB, BpasAeÓHO h qyTBO cnaai, OTropoABBniHCb otl Hacb saMeH- 

BOK) CBOpjynOK) AOMOBl, H COHl OFO peSHHBO OXpaHflJICfl tí^BTeib- 

HOH) CTpasefi o(kqecTBeHHaro nopa^Ba h caosofiCTBÍfl. CaH40Cb jb 
OMy, saBafl sejiHBafl seHaBECTb h sasafl BaiMBafl jtioÓoBb k% eoMy 6po- 
jkňTh pHAOM^b Bx BTorb FJiyxofi Bací sa npeA^aMH ero BaMeHH£ixi> 
TBepAUBb? H oóa nu — MOvraTejb h 6ocflB'B, — Óelih o^BHaBOBO a^a 
Hero onacHU... 

Bcb dTH CTpaHBUfl MHCJIH H CTpaHHUfl ByBCTBa CBOH B!B TO 

BpeMfl fl en^e xoxa h CMyTHO, bo apanoMHaaio: saTO Bce nocíš- 
Ayion^ee ocrajiocb Fb Moefi naMATH bbbi Hej['6iiH& cobt*. IIomhio, 
HTO MH npHmjiH Bi BaBofi-TO nepeyjioB'b ea ^OBTaBsi h aiycTH- 
jHCb Bi noABajiii, ni 6uJio o^eflb cupo, oqeiib AyoíHO h o^eeb 
CBBepBO naxjio. IIombh), bto mu bh^h BOAsy h ^h Basyfo-To „co- 
(Ja^bH) paAOCTb'', noA^apeflHyH) Ba CBOBopoA^ h pacnpocTpaflflBinyio 
anoBOHÍe MepT^^Hou. H H8i-3a aroft MepTBe^HBU jiidah ccopa- 
jiBCb, ApasHCb H BupHBaflH Apyn> y Apyra sycBH h8x pyBi. flo^ 
TOMi ODflTb BHJiH OBBO; B cocTpa Moero SHaBOMi^a, MOJiOAaa aBes- 
n^HHa cb qaxoTOHHUMi pyMflBi^eMx sa meBarb, njflcajia AHBÍfi Ta- 
HeAl, a saT^Mi CHA^a y Meen sa bojtísaxi ■ ojiaBajia, naApu- 
BaflCb OTTi BaniJifl, h BOioraJia ceófl b% rpyAb b spe^asa: „yfieilTe 
MeBfl, a TO fl caMa ce6fl yóbso^... HaBosei^i, noflBHjHCb en^e sa- 

BÍfl-TO yAHBHTeJbBUfl JIBBHOCTBy H8X BOTOpUXX 0C06eBH0 XOpOmO 

BanoMBBjícfl ueí orpoMfiufi, jracua crapHBi ci Depe6HTiiM'B ho- 
coM^b. Ohi npHBeci ysejii ci> paseuMi TpflnbeMi, aoulbo Óhii>, 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



„BsuoKyioii^ifi rPAM^* 563 



iqiaAeRiiMiy h bch nytíjiHRa xaiiiBJíacb orojo aioro jsm, ccopH- 
JOLCh, KpHq&sa H Cb sapOMi oÓcys^Hua^ csoibeo „noAUMairb^ oha- 
auuť&y csoAso AMyTi sa io6Ky HnocsojiBRy ^Hapuao^ apEAcrca 
fisipyqeHHitxi> flfiuen. H npexcraBSTe ce6j6, MesA dro TorAa hh- 
CKomco ae sopoÓHJio; HanpoTHBi^, Bce aro mhí onenb apasHiiocs; 
fl qyBCTBOBaiTB ceófl ropasAO Jiynine, ^^irb y TOBapHo^a aa Btitopr- 
CKoft; Bce ASfl Mesa 6ajio sa^cb npocTO h aoflflTHO, h a caMi^ Aaxe 
npHHHMajii A^flTeibBoe y^aerie b^ o6cy2SAeHÍH Bonpoca o tomi, 
„CBoiBSO noAHHerb nHAsasi". Bi saBjnoqeHÍe a OT^aji bi otin^ee 
naiB30BaHÍe cboid aKuerny, h oqeHB paxoBajicfl, sor^a JiBicufi CTa- 
pHB% CB BHAOMi SBaxoRa o(hflBHJi%, qxo OHa „noAHMerB AByrpH- 
BeHHHfi"... TaR% npoBejLi a nepBuft A^HBMoeĚ cbo6oau... a poBHO 
Hepesi roA% a yse CHOBa cha^^b bi nepecBUBeofi MocROBCROft 
TiopBM^ H sAajii, RorAa ne ha ^DoroHflTB^ bi Ch6hpb... 

— H AOOffo bu nposHxa b^ Ch6hph?— cnpocHJia a. 

— Bi nepBuft pasi HeAOJiro... roAa nojTOpa... fl fiiisajii. 

— PascBaaHTe noiRajyftcTa... 3to, AOMtao 6htb, o^chb HHie- 
pecHO. 

— PiunHTeiBHO, HH?ero HHTepecHaro... — npofiopMOTajx oh'b 
orpiiBHCTO H oriflHyjicfl HasaA^B. — Ecjni xoTHTe, y«e ropasAo HHTe- 
pecHŠe, KaBTB jí CHOsa Bepeyjicfl. 

— Bh caMH BepayjracB hjh... 

— Gam... fl 6uJii> sa rpanHi^efi... hj, h oaaBajiocBy ^to a ue 
rossycB jí^sm Ebpoiih, a EBpona ae roARTOfl Mň neHA. T.-e., jyqme 
ciuisaTB, Ji BamejTB, qxo BedA'9& OAHBaROBO CRBepeo h ^to orh ce6a 
HHByAa He yfiA^niB. 

Ohi Ha^ajL^B roBopHTB HeozoTHO, cbbosb syéu, h Bce oohau- 
Bajicfl. Mšcfii^i noAHfl^CH eo^e Bunie b ctobb uasajach en^e ritySme 
B nycTBiBBie. Mu 6ujb to^ho saBJíio^eHu bx RaROMi-TO saRosAO- 
BafiBOiťB spyry MexAy Be6oirB h aeMjieiOy ta^ ae 6klso bb bxoa^, 
HB Buxo^ B Bame oABBoqeexfiO cpeAB droS cbítjíoIí uyCTUBB 
qyBCTBOBaJíOCB 6ojLÍdWBB^e B ocTpše. Mofi CTpauHHň cnyTBBR^ 
BBAHMO flepesHBajtob &aRÍfl-TO syTRÍa om^yniteHia, b a p^majia cuoaa 
BOBJíeHB ero b% pasroBopx. 

— Bce-TaRB, BHiepecBO, noTOMy Bani Óbwo bjíoxo bi Eapont^ 
— uanaja a. — Taní jb^boctb CBoCoAflie, b noroMy, mh4 Aynaerca, 
joojsfim* SBBerea Jierqe... 

— JIbhhoctb? — BepefiBJPB Mesa ohx b pfeBo pascMiajica. — 
J(a saKaase a, rB nopiy, „jibhhoctb", noMBjíyfiTe?! JlBqaocTb sb- 
Ben cana eoGoio b A^a ce6a, a a bck) cbok) absab toíibro b 
crapaiea 0TA'i&jiBTBca ot% caMoro ce6a b „pacTBopBTBca fb qeJioB'6- 
qeoTBl^. Xa, ciUBiBTe, cjEOBifo-TO RaRoe? Ho buulio neAopasyMi- 



Ďigitized by VjOOQIC 



564 MCTHHKl EBPOnil. 

HÍe: CRHi ce6i n 6ujvh HeHy^ceHi, a ^ejOB^^ecTBy hh aa hto ne 
DOHaAOÓHJiCH, — OHO OTJH^HO cyiQecTByerB H óesi* Meefl... bot% a h 
BHTaH) vh npocTpancTBi, „Bsucsyfl rpaj^i Hesi^OMaro''... JlflHflocn, 
RaBi BH HasHBaere, oea Bes^i Hafi^ercfl, Besji^ ciyM^ers ce6i 
ycrpoHTE, — Aa»e ea íyKOTCROjn>-Hocy. (Mtoct OTropoxHTi ce&k 
RycoqeR% seMjH rl ul^cKOJihw RBaj^paiHinci apmHffB, npox&uien 
Bi criHBaxi oBomenRH juia „cb^tj Bosbflpo^, ee sady^erb, ro- 
He^BO, H craBHH npH^r^yaTB ea BCflRÍtt cjryqafi, ^toóm „cb^te-to 
5o2RÍfi" yse HeoneHb ÓesnoRoajii, — ay, 8aHaB'6coqRH TaMX hob^htl, 
i^B^ToqRH Ha noAOROHHHRi HOCTaBBrB, — H nomjia siiseb BaR% no 
Macjy! Hy, a a raRi ne nory... mhí no^aBafi mh secs mapi 
seMHOfi, HJiH... HH^ero He Ha^o... 

— JUa, ecjH TaK^B, to mh* oohatho, noqeMy bi Eapon^ Bam 
noRa3ajocB t^cho, — saiiiTHJia a. 

OH'b B3rjiflHyj*B Ha MeHfl ÓjecTan^iiMH rjiasaiiH h ohitb osh- 

BHaCfl. 

— I%cho? ]ífty nosaiyfi... HiieBHO tIcho! Tb se RaifefiHHe 
AOMa, T* ae CTaBHH na ORHaxT», tí ase neperopo^o^H, — b^í^cb 
Hoe, TaMi TBoe, a r% Te(% ae jritey, h tbi ro mh% ee cytca... H 
xaifi aTo Aane en^e onpeA'&jreHHŠe, eqe crap-ln^e, ^ters y eaci 
HJíH Ha ^yROTCROMi-Hocy. A Rorxa H bx aepBBifi pasi oqyTHjrcfl 
Ha aapHscRHxi moctobux%, — Bose tu Mofi, qxó a nepesHBaji, 
^Tó fl nepeqyBCTBOBajx! fl totokb Cujn^ ynacTB aa rojt^hh h i^i- 
jiOBaTB RasAuS RaneHB, MOserB 6utb, H'&Ror;^a 0(5pii3raHflHfi rpobbio 
repoes^, OT^asmaxi shshb cbok) „sa Apyra"... H cx yMHjieHieirB 
0CTaHaB.iHBajCA napekl RasABiirB aomomx, na criHaxi ROToparo 
rpoMa^HBíMH 6yRBaMH Ceuh HanBcanu oiOBa: „liberté, égalité, fra- 
ternita ", — fl BecB jíposajix, RaR'B vh jiRxopaxR^, otb BocTopra, 
FJiHAfl Ha napHSCRHxx raMOHOBi vh nojiocaTBix*B mTaBHmBarB, 
HepHuxi ýapTy^Raxi h mepcTHHUxx deperaxi. Axi, 9T0 mMenii, 
— BHSfjiRBBie, lopRÍe, nycRaH)n\ie BairB apaiio hoa^b hofr cboh 
BOJi^RH h o6pyqe, — ohh 6ujin Besjsíb h BCio^y, ohh rhiii^jh na 
yjRi^axi, Bi> ca;iax'B, na p'i^R'1, oqh BararymajiH cbormh RpRRaMH 
yjiRqHBiii myMi, h bi hx7> 3aAopHuxi RpHRax'b mh% qy^EJiRCB ao* 
6ÍAHBie rojioca BejRKaro fiy^ymaro, Ror^a bcí Hapo;iii cojbiotcb b% 
o6n^eMi qyocTBt CpaTCROfi jioóbh... IIomhh), oahhx h3% HRxrB, no- 
paseHHB[il, jiflJisiBo 6BiTb, Moefi CTpaHHofi, He-„eBponeflcRofi'' <|)h- 
rypoft, saxoxoTaai mh'6 bi. jiHqo h npoH3HTejbHO RpRRHyjs bcji^;^ 
RaRoe-TO cjOBuo, — MoserB 6utb, fipaaHoe... Ho a ne oóflxtica; 
fl caM'B saciťbfljica paAOCTHuifB, cqacxjiHBUMX cmíxomx h potobi 
ÓHJii pacaijioBaTB MajrcHBKaro copsaniía bx fiepeTHR*, — B^jíjb oai 
6uji% cuwh dxoro BejiHRaro napo^a, po^HOfi 6parB Faspoma, a eaifi, 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



„ B^BCRyIaI^Ift' rPAM " . 516 5 

MoacerTb 6un, saBxpa se oTxacrL cboh) jbbshe h cboh) spoBB sa 
CBo6o;iy, paBeeCTBo h (JparcTBO... A qepedx h^bo^lro ^speMeHR 
uocM^b TOťo fi mejirB se^epoirB no Pláce de la Répvblique h ^yl!h 
B6 vh coTEift pasib ocraHOBHjiCA nepex^ Beis^ecTBenHOfi cxaTyefi 
senn^HEnEi kl 4>PHríttCK0ft nianK']^, boshocaii^ HaA'B IlapiiseMi 
ojHBSOByK) BftTBb ifHpa. Osa diija TaKB npexpacaa, h bcb efl 4>n- 
rypa 6um npoHHBHyra Tasoft moo^uo, TaraiTB Óiaro^yniHUirB Be- 
jH^em, 9T0 ň HHKorAa ae Mor& paBHOAymHO npottTH mhmo eefl, 
ne nojiH><$OBaBmHCB na nee h ne nepenrraBi BeiHRETB ciovb, ea- 
^epTaHBiix*L Ha nbeAecrajrb. OcruBOBHJieH h Tor^a... Ce&Tfl6pscRÍfi 
henep% xasHO yracB; nacTynajia xojioAHa;i, cupafl ho^. Qo He6y 
nojisjíH qepHSfl Tyqe, fotobuh paspasHTbCH AosxeHi, h napHnaae, 
BOTopae He jfoéarB h Óobtch aosah, cn'6iiniiH yspHT&cfl no^i 

KpOB^K). TopOHIBBO M^aJIHCb ^íaspu H OMHHÓyCH, BCK>Xy MeJIbEaJH 

(J^ryo^ie oroHi^BH, n^e^nouH tfiiqH, otphbhcto SBy^aiH posBH roh- 
AyBTopoBi, H BTOTB HenpepyÉHuft myiii h rpoxorb, dTO Hcnyras- 
Hoe Mejn»BaHÍe ornefi en^e 6oi'ie yBejraqHBajH sojioa^ h reMHory 
iipH($JHsaK>G^ettcfl AOSA-raBofi hoib. Ilpoxosflxi ea DJioiua^H ^uao 
M&io, AA H rb TopoDHJHCb CBOpte yfiTH ly^a, rx% 6híio cb^tjo h 
Teiuo. Ho Ha BaMeHHUxi cryneHflx^ y noAHOxifl craTyn pecny6jHSH 

CHA^O H^CEOJbEO HeJÍOBÍKhy ROTOpue HHByAa He TOpOnHJElCB H 
SOTOpUMl, AOJSHO fiUTb, HOByAa 6HJI0 HATH. H^BOTOpue H^ HHX^B, 

cKop^HBniHCb H sacynyBí pysH bi pysaBa, xv^^^^] Apyrie noBy- 
pHBajiH A^meBufi „Banopajrb*" h nepesHAUBajiHCb MesAy co6oio bo- 
poTBHMH ({)pa3aMH; OAHH^ opiioŤHJCfl HotfjiHse R% (j^Hapio H npH 
cvbrb ero <iHTaji o6puBOB% sasofi-TO raserbi. A oóomejii CTaryio 
spyroiTB H<6cB0JibB0 pasi, — jh>ah Bce CHA'&ni, a MesAy tím^ yxe 
ea^aji BaRpanuBaTb AOSAb. íi noAomeji bi eewl no&iHaie, — 
OAHffb H8i HHXi noAHBJíi FOJiOBy H HOCMOTp^ji Ha MeHR. 9to 6ajn> 
crapHBi, CTpamHO xyAOfi, ci seHJiHCTUMi JiHqoMi h 6ojibniHiiH, 
CBepsaKm^nni rjasaira. H a yBHa.rb btotb cyxoft, ropflqifi ^jecBx... 
H BHA'IJi% ero ne pasi vh Chóhph y pyecBHXi nepece^eni^eBx; a 
BHA^Jii ero y Toro „MOHmepa", c^ RoropuHi mu BorAa-TO 6jiys- 
AaiiH Hoqbfo no yiHi^aiťb IleTep^ypra... aro 6uji (kiecBi rojOAa h 
0T9aBBÍB, BOTopOMy H^Tb npeA'6JiOBi>. CepAoe Moe 6oibHO csaiocb... 
B npHei;!^ pbaomi cb crapHBOM^b, — ohi A^use ne nomeBejHjrefl h 
npoAOJrasajrb CHA^Tb b'b toíI se noBopnolt h 6e8yqacTH0fi noaš 
TepirbJfRBoft BHH^eTH. „ M onsienr, — CBasan a thxo, — Moseri tísTb, 
BH HysAaerecb b'b AeHbrax'b? ď Mory cb BaiiH noA^iniTbCB^. 

Ohi ycrpeMBjíi na Měna cbor CBepaaion^ie, HenoABHSHue rjasa 
H, HH CJiOBa ne roBOpa, npoTaHyj-B pyBy. S ToponjiHBO AOCTaii 
BomejeKB h crajii OTC^BTUBaTB AeHbra; pysH y ifena, cairB ne sHafo 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



566 BftOTHHKl EBPOok. 

OT^ero, crpaniHO ^^poasajiH, h b^rojibbo HonerB co sbohomi yaaiH 
na MOCTCíĎyK). drorh sbohi npHBjesi BaHManie ApyrHxi»; ohh nox- 
HA9HCB Ci CBOHXx u^Th H CT&AH noMOfaTS co6HpaTi» padcuoaHHUfl 
AeHBFH. „JlaBHO MEi HC cjBixajiH, KaKx sBeHHTB cepe6po! " — npo- 
BopqajirB OAHBi Hsi HHX% (Tb yrpiOMfiíMi cmíxomi^. a CTapHKi Bce 
CHA^jii c% npoTflHyTofi pyBoft h a^jiajEi. HasoHei^i, MOHeTU 6íuh 

C06paH£I, H ň UMOSBMA% HXl Bl XOJIOAHyK), SaKl JieX^) BOCTJIBByH) 

pysy ci TOJiCTHHH, ysjoBaTfiíMH naiuqaHHy — AOJisao 6utb, MHoro no- 
pa6oTaBinyio na CBoeifB B'6sy pysy! Bet co BHHHaHÍeif% cjrbAnuíM 
sa dTofi ouepa^íefi, h y bc^x^s riiasa cb-Ithjhcb saAHiíM'^, fojioa- 
HUM'b ÓJiecBOiťK. „Iljoxiff BpeMOHa, monsieur! — cBasaix OMfiB^b 
xpHnjiiufB rojEOCOMi. — Pa6oTL[ coBcbwb B^Thy H HaiDH aaqÍH CToan 
oqeHB HHSKO Ha ÓHpst xpyjia. RamAuK A^hb na HOCTOByio bh- 

6paClIBaK>TCfl COTBH SAOpOBUX^B pyS^B, BOTOpUfl XOTflrB pa6oTaTBy 
H COTHH BAOpOBUXl MQA^JÍfiOBrh, EOTOpue XOTflDb "bCTB, HO HM% HC 

AaiOTB HH Toro, HH Apyropo. ^^ul> ae 9X0 koh^tca, monsienr"? 
Tor^a Apyroň, noxosift na rnoMa, b'b jcacseTB^ BeJiocHneAHCTa na 
orpoMHoft, ypo;^HBofi roJOB-fe, rpoMEO saxoxorajii, h otb aioro 
ciťi^xa Bi rpyAH y nero ^to-to 8ac£pHD'&jo h sacapexeiajio, to^ho 
pascoxmeecH sojieco bt* HcnopneHHOit ManiHHt. „O! — B0CRJiHSByj'B 
OHX, pacTflFHBaH CBofi orpoMHufi poT^ Wh ysacHyK) yjiuésy h ofiHa- 
pyacHBi MHoatecTBO ocTpuxi* h Kpyauuxi 3y(k)B%. — O, rpasxftHHHi, 
dTO Bcerjifik OAHHaBOBO ROHHaeTCfl; Bor^a b% Ilapeaci mhofo cbo- 
CoAHBixi pyKx, Ha yjiHqaxx cTpoflTCfi SappHKajua"... „Cest 5a, c'est 
Qa!" — OAoČpHiejiBHO saBpHqasH bcš drn HOBpue, rojOAHBie jiíoah, 
RopqacB OTi xojroAa b% cbobx^b abipabuxi> fijysaxi. Jl^se Mofi 
CTapH^os^ BApyrB cy^opoiKHO dacp;jaji'B na mIšct^ noiepi boišhbh 

O&híAUn JiaAOnAMH B RaSBMl-TO S&SlJIKHM^, TO^BO 3aCTHBniHM'B rojo- 

coMB BpojeneTaaT*: „O, Aa— bto npaBAa... KorAa jioai lepes^yp^ 

^KHptlOrB, HMl He06X0AHM0 HeMHOSBO nyCTHTB BpOBB^... MbÍ CT&IO 
XOJIGABO OTB aTHX^ CJlOBi; fl BOABHJICfl, (]T06bI yilXB, H, HO UpBBU^BÍkj 

en^e pa3'B B3rjiflByji'B na npeBpacHyio 6poBdOByio sefln^HHy, Bce 
xaBi se BejHqaBO BSAUMasmyio HaA'B MoapuM^ HapflseiťB cboío 
oiiHBBOByK) bíxbb. 06opBaBuu aeperjflBy.iHCB h 3acM']^flJiHCB, a rnom^ 
Bx BacBexBi, xoqHO yraABiBaa mok) mucjib, CBasajii cb CBoeá a^a- 
BOJiBCBofi yj£i6Bofi: yfOy Aa, monsieur, osa o^esB BpacBBa... bo 
3X0 HHCBOJiBEO uc yjiyHBiaexx Bamero oojoaeBiflí — y nacB Bce- 
xaBH nivb xji'k6sL^... & nocn'&niHJi'B cb hbmh npocxHXBCfl h nomejix 
BnepeA'B; CBopo BOJOceajiBBaH cxaxya „Pecny6jiiiBH^ HsasBaa syqsa 
MajesBBHXi jifOAefi, npecMUBaeniHxcfl y ea Hor^, Hcqe3.iH b^b mob- 
poMi xyMaB']^. ^osAb pasomejcH h Ba30fijiHB0 mjieoaj^ no ac^axB* 
xoBEiHi xpoxyapaMi, ryA'&i'B aa acnHAHBix% BpLimaxi aomobi, sa- 



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„BSHCKfiomifi rPAM^- 567 

JOÓBO BCUHQIIB&IX H OTO-TO jeneTMl B1^ HSCOXmHXB JmCThňZly 

samTaHOKb. Kaaaaoc^ neóc njias&io himii^ napuceurB, h bcí dsyRH 

SH8BH ClUKCb Cb BTHMH (eSH^XeSfilIMH pUAftHiflMH B% OAHHX TA-* 

ry^ H TOCUHBuft cTOHi. IIapH2rb saAuxajCfl bi^ o&hňmixi> yrpiD- 
Moft, oceHHefi HO^Hy a a meii, h tfH'i BcooMUBa^acb Ta CBŠxjtafl 
H xojOAHafl Hoqb, Rorxa fl BOCTopseHHsiMi MajitiiiBOii^b B£inieji» 
Kb iripi, Beea eicy bcio 0m>io Ayniy, h bctpíthjx na nepBuxs 
maraxi cx gaboS cropoBH— cHToe paBEO^ymie) (tb Apyroň — rojOA- 
Hyio aicXly. Ho Tor^a Haxo hhok) ciflja seseHafl^ BeceoHas sapa^ 
vb EOTopoi 611J10 qxo-TO soByiqee, o6o;g|)jiK)Q(ee, a lenepb a Ópejí^ 
wb noTbMaxi, H He6o njaBa^o, o&iHBafl xojioahbimh, asHMH ciesaiíH 
orpOMHyjD, tíesAyniHyiD cxaTyH), — chmboji Mepa h cboÓoah. H a 
AyMaji»: csojbso sposH jíjMíIsíbu emfi npojraTB MajfóHBsie h ÓojBinie 
FaspomH jwi xoro, qTotíti TpH BeuBÍfl ciOBa, Ha?epTaBHBifl na 
nBe^ecraJii droft CTaiya, saciaia bi eep^i^taxi bcíx^e jiioAefi!.. 

9x0 ÓEuo Moe flepBoe ssaBOMCTBO cb BSBaBRofi IlapAsa, b 
noTOiTB fl yase cairB c% óoíšsBeflHUMi judÓobutctboh^b ncKM% kb 
Hem Toro, ^tó oÓuRBOBOBao TmaxeiBBO cspuBafors orx nocxo- 
poBBHX'b rjasi. SL bo i^&iumi jibhmt* típo^BJí bo napascRHiTB 
yjiHi^aiťB, sarjiiAciBajix bi pa6oqie (|»o6yprH, bi nemeBnui charcu- 
teries h cabarets, 3aB0ABJ'B c^y^a&BUH sflasoMCXBa cb paseuMB 

JUDViUHy Cb SOTOpUHH BOTOMX BO BCXp^^ajíCfl BHSOFAa. SI AK>6viJll> 

nepexoABTB otb pocBoauuixi 6yjibBapoB%, c% Bx^h 4>^pb^ckbmb 
orflfliifl, CBepBaioB^nifB oxaJiasaMB, myMHUMB pecTopaBaHB b bo- 
cejOK) T0Jim>fiy B'B ysKie, RpBBue BepeyjiBB, RaB'B 6hi Bapo^BO co- 
sAaBBiie j^íň 6appHBaAi>, Tji,'b sa bucoehbh RaMeflBUHB cxiBaMB^ 
noxosBMH Ha ctíhu TiopbMiiy yrpioMO Bop^axi b ouxxflxi MamBHH, 
Tfifk BucoRÍfl Tpy6£i BJiioioxi Bi jiBiv> fle6y oruem b ahmomi, vjsíb 
BOBAOTB BpoRBCAHMB ROJcaMB fl RypBUMi yrjejTB, Tjiík pa6oxaexx, 
dmuxaercfl b oxpaBJuierB ce6n aÓceBxoifB cboCgahuS ýpaBityscRifii 
sapoA^. ň jooóBJí^ cjr^xHTBy RaRi nocTeaeBBO 3aMBpaerB apRaa^ 
noRasBafl jrhbbb 6ypsyaBBar0y Bece^aro b Óoraxaro Hapasa, 4 
KňSTb Ba^iBsaercfl ApjTMy xeMBaa, Ror^a Ba MOcxoBua BUBOJsaerB 
mn> CBOBTB rB(ďBuxx joroBBQ^i Bce rpasaoe, BOBioHee^ óojibboo 
0, Aposa OTX xojOAa, aspiiraa npoRJiaTia BceMy MÍpy h Maxepfly 
KOTopaa BTb poAB^a, xojiDBxca oro^io oxBpaxHxejbuBixx Ra6aR0Bi, 
^to6u BiiBBXb CBOfi ^tíoRi". SL MBoro MOPB 6u BaMi pascRasaxb 
HHxepecBaro un cbobxi Bcxpinx, bo 9to 6yAerB ^epe8iypi> 
j^jEBBBO... AA? noasaiyfi, b Be bobo. Dombr), pasi bi 0AH0M'b pe- 
CTopaBi Ba 6yabBapí MoBHapipi, RyAa a sameji bo^tb, Meaa 
npflBAiB ^a aaapxBexa, b HcnyraBBuS rapcoH'b cb boii«ptbíb* 

Uami> Jfll^OM^B B CX BHaUBaiOBiiefi BŤSJIHBOCTbiO nOBpOCHJIl HeBfi 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



\ 

568 BMTHHB^ EBPOnBL 

^no^osHTb mjíHiiy bi xpyroiTL h^ctš", T.-e., ho npocry roBopa, 
BiifiTH BOB'B. A Korxa fl meax ni, BHxoxy, nepe^o mhoh> qo^th- 
TejiBHO pascTynajRCb rocao^a b^b 6jiecTHii](RrB i^HJHHxpaxi, towo 

fl ÓHJTB ROpOHOBaHfiOe MBfi^ H Vh BTh BZVJOLJÍfiLTh, ROTOpHlOI OHH 

jieHfl npoB03RaJiH, cbítmch yasaci CMeprH... BaxaAH jra bh ^to- 
BEŮfjih 6ojvbe OTBpaTHTejKEHoe, KorjD^a ^iejiOB^Ri Soirrcfl ^eioB^Ba?.- 
EIoiíHK) en^e, sorxa OAHaacAU npe mb^ OAHa CTapyxa-TpflniqHBiia 
l/msB nycTOi capAHBoqfloft BopoÓBH, Hafix^BHoft bi Byqi iiyeopa, 
npoiOMBJía BpiOBOiťB rojioBy xpyroll CTapyx'&, CBoefi TOBapsi, h 
BaBi Ta, yMBpafl, npHXHMaia bx rpyxB aiy BopcX^sy HmcreHtio- 

a^HMl flSBIBOBfB TBepAHJB: „dTO MOe""!.. ÁTb, MBOrO fl TBITB BB- 

jífbňT, TaBoro, nero ae bhahtb vb, BOTOpse npí%8saK)Ti^ bx IlapBaBi 
jíiadoBaTbCfl Ha Besepy MBJíoccByio h 6jiaroroBŠ&Ho. naj^aTB hri^ 
oepex^B BaMeHHoft noairofi Notre-Dame!.. A BCTaTs: Beaepy Mb- 

jrOCCByH) fl TBBl H He BRA^ai, XOTfl H ^HTail, Basi osa „BU- 

npflHHJia" y Tjií6^ YcneHCBaro HairoifapHyK) ;^niy Basoro-TO poc- 
cittcBaro HHTejTJiHreflTa. Jl^a h BunpflMBJía jih, noano? IIoMHHTe, y 
CiojMH-IIpio^íOMa ecTb CTHxoTBopeBÍe: „Les Vénus": 

Les femmes de pierre ont des Louvres, 
Les vivantes meurent de faim... 

Ysii, ecjiB ^paHi^yscBÍft xHSHepaxocTHiilt HerejuBreHTL sbbo- 
DHJi^ OTE oTqaflHÍfl, Buxo^fl B81 o^apoBaHBaro ;(Bopaa BenepEi sa 
yjiHqy, r;(t BasA^fl achb yMRpaiorB cb rojoxy sHBBie ^ioxb, to 
HameMy pyccBony tojbbo b ocraB&ioCb pasCHTB ce6i rojiOBy y 
HOFb MpaMopHoK 6orBHB... 

— Ho noneiiy ae tbbi? — cnpocHja h. 

— ^a noTOMy, tto dra BpacoTa TOJbBO noA^epsBBaen (feso- 
ópasie acHSHH... FoBOpflrb, vro osa BosBumaerb xyniy, BosÓysAaerb 
wb nejLovbiA crpeMjenie ri B^ea^y... He noBHMaK) STorol Csa- 

SBTe, BBBOe MhÍ JlikjlO XO dTOfi OTBJe^eHHOfi BpacoTU, cosxaHHoB 

BOo6pajReHÍeM'B BaRoro-HBÓyxB reeiajibHaro Me^íTaTejfl, ecu a ae 
BHsy Bonjion^eHÍfl ea vb scbsba h hb bbsaomi máry HaTUBaR)CB 
TOJbKO Ha ypoíCTBo? H 6yjieii> jih BTO-HBfiy^b c^acrjiHBte orroro, 
HTO TaMi», FA^-To BBBepxy, cífleri HeTji'6HH0& spacoTOft jiy^esapHiii 
npHspaBi? B^Ab BHBsy tbbi TeMHO h ueqa^ibHO... b, saseTCB, en^e 
TeMH%e OTToro, ^to nepeA'b BaMH na MnnyTy 6.TecHyjri HpBÍfi CB^hrB. 
OTqero «e cbÍtjio hc Bes^*? OTqero hítb spacoTu bo Bceif%, 
HTb cos^aao pysaMB Eoxbhmh? FopbRO 3to... h o(5haho ao aiocra, 
AO CTpaABHifl. Bh, uornerh 6uTb, Ay^aeTe, ^to a B3yBŮp'B b ae- 
HaBHCTHBBi Bcero npeRpacHaro?... O, ecJnnGu bh SHajiH, bbbi n 
jiíOÓJíJo RpacoTy h npeRJtOHfliocB nepeA'B neft!.. ň bch) shb&b cbob> 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



„ Baucayioinift tpaaa " . 569 

ucRaji'B BpacoTii... h betj^ ea ee Hamasi. Botb onero a las^ 
Hec^acreH^B... 

Ob^b BApyn BaMOJi^ajix h rayfioso ea^ynajicii, coaepineHBO sa- 
tan o(5o xbí. 

' — nociymafiTe, — BanoMBua a eiiy. — Bk xotíih padCKoaaTB 
o CBOeH^ BOs^Mu^eHÍH B^ Poccíio. 

— %6? AXX, W... KaKb Ji Bq^HyjICfl... 3tO ÓíIJIO OHBBh opocTO* 

Ji saTOCBOBaJTb. 3x0 Óujo ne to ito Tocsa no pobírat, — wbrb: 
mwb 8axoT&io€B ohate qerupexi cišhi, tbidhhh, óesMOJfBk, — h 
vm6u fl 6uj[rB coBc^M^L oj^ffb... «9 noTTB B08B6HasHxiir'b Ilapiia^s, 
BOTopufi nocTOflflHo TaB^i MeHfl Ha yJiHi^y, b% TOJiny, peB&n y 
HeHfl noA^B ORHaMu, 6yAHJii> no no^avB h BaniA^ X^bb c^ Meij^H- 
CTO^iejeBCBHirB xoxotomi CpocajťB mh'6 b'b jri^o Tsicflqy nepaspi- 
miufiixi saraAOKi. & 6suít> orjtymeHi, pasfirTb, BanyqeHtE btewl 
npouflTiíMs ropoAOiTL— TasHiTB npeBpaeHUMx h bi to «e speitA 
TasHJi'L OTBpaTHTeiiBH£iM'B, — ^sasíb aDoiouTHiieH^iecBafl ÓjyAHBi^a. & 
vryBCTBOBaJii ce6fl wb Hem ysacHO HaieHi>BHM!B, hh^toshhhi^ 
raxKHMi qepBeiTB h Óoj&HeHHO-crpacTHo MOiTaji — snaeTe, o ^eMi? 
O pyccKoft eTenH*.. cnojsottHoft^ MOďoajBBofi erenH, Boropafl ho uy- 
WET%, a JiacBaeTx, h vjj^ qyBCTByemb ce6fl ho OTBepaeHHiiii^b na- 
C£iH»mi» ^[eiOBÍMecTBa, a jmůwMWá^ chh0M'b seiuH. BnpoqeHi, 
Moxers tínTb) bto h HaBusaercfl ^TocKoň no poABH^"... Ho MHejiB 
o crenn hq xasajia mhí dobob. Bo8Bpan;aHCb no FjiacbeiMei b% 
CBOK) BOHH)HyK) Aiipy Ha Boolevará ďltalie, n jijuwb o nefi; ctob 
na AyCTepJiHiitKOifB Mocry h rja^H na MyTHO^Rpacnoe sapeso sa- 
Kara, cpe^H ROToparo, to^ho ABa rposHHe oepcra, BspíMaiBCb r^b 
netiy roTHqecKU ctp&iei Notre^Dame, — a ohatb Ayvcui o nefi, h 
ubí qyxBJíBCB mopoxH TpaBi, Moryqie bbaoxh BÍ»Tpa h sanax^ 
BeuiH^-^ropaqeft h H&KHoSy rbri rpy^B icaTopB. IIo HO^airB mhí 
CHEJIHCB CrpaBHIZe CHH... fl BHA'&ST» rpoMa^HBifl nojifl, niwpuTHfl 
BueoROfi poacBK), HO vb nefi ne BacHJiBRH ixbšjih, a 6ÍJi'kiE peda^BH 
rojTonu... TUCfliH, tbicb^h iiajieHBRHXi tíšjEixi raiOBOKi, h bc^ 
ohí KasaiH Mwby cm^bjihcb h sBajiB Měna wb eetfi. Sí apocunaica... 
H Bi> ymaxi mobxi eo^e 86eB'6;rB bth HaHBHue, A^TCRÍe roioca, 
HO sa osHOMi yse pšae^i QapH&%, orjiyniHT&ffBHO rpoxoxaiH $yp- 
roHU, sanpaaseHBiie orpoMBBíMH nepniepoHaMH) cjfinnajiacB cyxaa 
Apo5B 6apa6aHOBi h OTpiiBHcnifi tohoto MapmHpyfonj^Hxi coA^arB, 
ytfEUio saBiii&aH ToproBipi b ToproBRi: „des haricots, des harícote... 
cioq sons kilo"!., h bi 9thx:b qysAuxx ssyRaxi qyxoro ropová 
6e9CJí'h^o TepajHCB npH3iiBu auoroS poahhu. 

Hsp^AKa a aaxoAHj^B rt> TOBapan^aMi e pasesaauBajii cbob chh, — 
OHH CM^kuíECh Ha^o MHOK) B BasMBajiH MOHa cyMacmeAmiMTi. Ho a 



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570 BftCTHHKl* EBPOmi. 

Bísxbjn>, Bain> padropaiHCB etl rjrasa, Kor^a ň roBopHjx o crenH 
H o MajieHbBHXi 6^ji£ixi rojOBBaxi bo pse; a noACJiyinRBajrB hh 
DOAaBjeHHue bsaoxh h ^yMasi: „Hirs, fipaTqa^ a ee cyMacmexníifi, 
a fl roBopH) TOSBBO BCjyx^B o ToiTB, HTĎ BU Tii^aTejBHO npa^efe 
OTh caMHZi ce6fl. He chatca jih h saMi Tasse fiijiHfl toiobbh''?.. 
BiiJi MeiRAy HHMH OAHHi MOJOAOfi hcjiob-íri, — espefi, BOSaHHHi; 
OHib Bcerxa saAHO cjyman uoa pascBasu, h botb OAHasAu, sorjia 
fl oco6eHHO pasomejicfl, — OHtb B;^pyrB KaK-b BCKpHKHerB: „aTywH?.. 
a BOBujib? a RypraHH*?.. h ci p^x^HiflUH Bii6Ísaji'i» H3:b ROMHaTH. 
UocjAy fl cjtimaji, ohi Tose Bepey^scfl wh Pocciio h yMepi ovb 
^axoTBH B^ Kasofi-TO npoBUHqiajLHafi TiapbMŠ. „jIh>0obb ckibb^ 
CMepTH"... DoMHHTe, y TypreeeBa? 

Oahhi cjyqafi cobc^mi neHfl KOBaHaj^L. dro npoHSomjio bi 
TOMi> orejB^HKi, r^i fl shjii. OrejB 6wrh oqeeb rpasHiift, onesb 
CKBepHiifi, ÓBTKowb HaÓHTb pasHbiirb pa6o^HM'L jH)AOM'b H CBepxy 
AO HB8y nponHTaBi otoóawb sanaxoMii, o BOxopoMi^ oxbh^ moř 
npifliejib ByjbrapHO Bupas&icfl: „ieiOBÍUHOlt naxHerb". H shjtb 
Bi caifOHi TeifHOMi daEoyjiBi yseRbBaro BOpB^op^Ba, MesAy XByMfl 
HOMepaifH. Bi OABOH'b HS^b HHx^b K>THJicfl MOJiOAoB pa6o^iĚ, Map- 
cejihy ci CBoefi cosHTejibHHi^e& Tepesofi, h CBBOSb TOHesbByio 
CTŠBy, OTA'&iflBniy]0 Mesa ovh hhxi>, a cjHmajTB^ bbb^ ohh to 
i^jiOBajHCb, TO APBpJiHCb. Ceopu 6iiBajH oqoHb Cypnu h ^acro 
BOH^ajHCb T^iťb, HTO Teposa BuÓpacuBajia bx BopB^opob Bce sny- 
fi^ecTBO CBoero Apyra. IIpofi^TH bi bto apena no BopHAopy 6um 
BeÓesonacHO, nOTOMy mo Bani bi jbi^o nevkJíE Ty^jia Mapcem, 
SHJÍ6TBH Mapcejfl, npasAHHqeufi itHJiHHxp'B Mapcaifl b xase ^HBca- 
TyapB A^fl ycoBX; — npespacHLixi ^epHtixi ycoBi Mapcesfl. Cam 
Mapcejib OTHOCHJicfl m» cBoeMy asrnaHiK) CTonqecBH h, pacnojiaraflCb 
Ha HO^iierB bi sopB^opi^ ci> AotípoAymsbíMi fOMopoiii roBopsA 
npoxoAfliABMi: „Mu noAOSAeMi, — b^ab nocjii rposu Bcer^a 6ei- 
Baerb npeRpacnaa noro^a^!.. H A'£ttCTBHTej[bHO, ero (JapoMeTp^b 
ysasbiBajii B'6pHo: aa Apyroft se xoBb obi CHoaa BO^Bopajca co 
bcímb cBOBifH SBjeTBaMH B BOATBasBaMH y TepesBi, H CBoaa na- 
qaaajiBCb maMeaBue noi](ijiyB. — Ci Apyrofi CTopoau y Hesa saia 
MOJOAeflbKaa ^'i^ByniBa, Cb di^AHnifb jbi^omi b 6ojibniBMB a^tcbhich 
rjiasaHB. ň B8p'lAHa acrpi^ajca cb sefi na j-bcTHBai, b oaa 
Bcer^a npn stohi nyrjBBO sa^iacb ei cr^H^b, Aasaa mb£ Aopory. 
Ee no^TH COBC^MX ae Óujio cjbímao, h TOJibso BHor^a no yTpairb 
Hsx ea BOMflaTEi ao MCHa AOBOCBJca JierEÍft mopoxx, totoo Tairb 
B03B;iacb MBiniBa. Ee Tasí b aasuBaJH wb EopBAopi: „la souri- 
ceau"... II Borb OABaatAH, boaxoab ex OTejío, a yBHAtJii y axoAa 
rpoMaAHyio TOJiny aapoAa, sanpyABBrayio aecb TpoTyapx. Tyrb 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



„BSHCKyiomifi rpAAA". 571 

61ÍLIH pa6oHÍe H paCoTHHi^ii co Bcero iteapiajia bi cbohxi cbhrxi 
<5jy3ax'B H HepHuxi saTpanesHuxi njarbflxi; npaHSH b^ noiocaTUxi 
4^apTyBax'B h qenqaxi k la UlapjOTTa Rop^a; JiaBoqeHqii, Top- 
roBSH, raueHU, cjryqaftHue npoxosie h nojHqeficKífi cepsaHT^, ee- 
MHOSIEO CMyiqeHHLit, ho ee yrpaTHsinifi qyBCTBa coÓCTBeHHaro ao* 

CTOHHCTBa. H Bci 8TH JIH)AH RpR<iaJIH, SeCTBSyjHpOBaiH, ISAKb dTO 

HoryTS A^aTb tojisbo HacToaiuie oapHsaHe, h, hoahbbi roiOBu 
BBepxi, CMOTp&iH Ha oBHa Hamero orejin. XosfiftBa, bca wb cjie* 
sax'B, CTOflja na nopori, h no Toiiy, ^to osa saÓELsa Aase Bunyrb 
naoBAOTRH B3X Bojoci, BH^HO 6ujio, 9T0 OHa CHJBHO pa3CTpoeHa. 
„9t6 cjiyHBJOCL?* — cnpocHJTB a, ho mhí hbbto ne otbÍthjtb, 
IIoAHHifaflCb no xbcrEEu,% e BCTptTHJix MapcejTii, Boropofi CJiOMa 
fOJiOBy JieT&rb bhhsi. Ohi 6ujvh ÓJiijifiE^, Raní míjii, h npe- 
KpacHHe ycu ero TopqajH bo Be6 cropoHB, saBi y nepenyraH- 
Haro Kora. A ero ocraHOBHJii. „CEaaHre, wó sx^cb TaRoe?" — 
,0!— BocRJHRHyjTB 08%, saAHxaflCE: — La souríceau... 3TorB Óij^- 
Hufi pefieHORi, ROTopiift HHROMy He cflfbjííkn sjía... Bra MajeabRaa 
A^^ByiURa... OHa HOBŽCRJiacb ceroAHa yxpoMi*.,. — „Moa coctjqía?" — 
cnpocHJTb a. — „/ía, ^a... h hhrto ho anaerB, noneMy!.. Ofla Bce 
Moaqaja — pauvre petite souriceau... h ceroOTH Becb ^^eHt ne bh- 
xoAB^a H3'b cBoefi: icoMíiara. A boti hícrojbro ManyrB TOMy na- 
8aA'B Moefi Tepe3'6 noHaAOÓHJiHCk hhtrh, — ona nomjia r^e neft, ho 
XBepb He oTBopaeTca. Tepeaa nosBa^ia xosattRy; oni cjroMajiH da- 
MOisrhj H npexcraBbTe ce6Í^, —^^BO^Ra bhchti na x^pnoirb RpioRi, 
H yse AaBHO-AaBHO noxojio;]^a... Ci Tepeaofi CA'i^ajiocb ^ypno... 
a 6^ry vb anieRy"... Oa^b noM^ajica bhh31. a a upameji ri 
ce6i H, ne saďíHraa oraa, Jierb na Rpoaaxb JHi^oirb k% ct^hš, — 
Ri Tofi caMofi CTbB% 3a ROTopoH) OABHORO TOCROBajia fi^AHaa 
Bourícean h TaRi ace oahhoro noRoaqHjia cboio sHsab. ,,H bhrto 
He 3Haerb, noneMy^... CBa3aj'b Mapcejb. Hhrto bo BceH^b xoiťb b 
60 BceMi dTOM^b orpoMHOM'b IlapH^e^^, ROTOpuft Ha Ra^AOMi máry 
Rpn^arb aaMi b% jhdío: „CparcTBO, paBenCTBO, CBOÓOAa**... A na 
yjBi^'& rjyxo ryA^Jia TOJna, b mh* xor^^iocb BCiarb, no^ofiTB Kh 
ORHy B RpflRHyTb Ha Becb napHď^b: ^KaBH^b, a rjiík 3Re 6paTb tboS 
ABejb"?.. íepesi H*CR0JibR0 ^Heft souriceau xopoHHJiH. Tepesa cra- 
mfljiA vh Mont de Piéte bc* cboh yfioria AparoiíinHocTH h ycrpoHJia 
noxopOHH „comme tout le monde^. IIorpefiajbHiia Apora Cujih 
yRpamcHu rpa3HbiMH CTpaycoBUMB nepbairB, h abí hojio^uh a^- 
BymRH Bi 6^Jíhixi> RHceftHbixi noRpHBajiax^b, Aepsa B'b pyRaxi 
AiSBHHua &bjiuR .leHTLi, DpHBflsaHHua Ri Aporaaťb, mjiH 3a rpo- 
6owbj Ha ROTopoiťb ;[esaji'b AemeBenbRifi fiacepniifi B'bHORrb. OnaTb 
BCH) y;iBi^y 3arpoMoacAaja rpoMaAHaa TO^na napoAa h MOJ^ia pas- 



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572 BftCTHHK'^ BBPOOH. 

crynaiacB nepe^i x^BymBaDfH b% 6íjiux% noKpuBaiarb, CB^seHK- 
RHMH H xoppmeHbBHUfl, BaB'B H TE, BOTopafl jesBja Tenepb bi 
rpotfy. — Bce axo Ófiuo, nosa;iyA, BpacHBo h TporaxeJtbHO; — npHÓa- 

BHJX tfOfi CnyTHHBl n SJUICL Clli^ZOlťB, — HO BaBoe xo 8Toro A'9^0 

6ujo MBJíeHbBÓii souríeeau? H sa o^Hy es yjiiíSBy ae ctobjeo jih 

OTABTE ECH) dTy BpaCBByfO JOHU», BOTOpOK) JUOJk^ npHHpttBaCDT^ 

CBoe (SesAymie h droHSMi? E^AHaa A^Bonaa... oea HBBorxa ae yju- 
(Saiacb, H jyHHKTO He SHaerb, noveny''... ^ h ne ysnaerB hh- 
BorAB. Ee yseaiH aa KjaA^Hii^e; Toiua najio-HO-Hajiy pasomjacb. 
TojibBO ABB nojHaeftquixi cepsania AOJiro e^e pasryjHBaAH no 
xporyapy, yroi^aa ;ipyrB Apyra CHraperanH, ^a ToproBau hi^o- 
pBaaHUMH roiocaHH BURpHBHBasH CBoe: „Des haricots^ desharícots, 
cinq souš kilo"!.. A qepesx BeA&ii> fl Óujíi yse Aa^eso otb Ila- 
pHsa, H noisAi Mqaji Meflji no rpycTHUMi cipuHi paBBHHaMi, 
HaA'B BOTopsufH ppycTHo y.iu6ajocb 6jiifl,noe coíHi^e. H bi siy 
HHHyxy A CuJťB no4TH c^acTJiHBs*.. noTOHy HTO 8A'6cb He 6euo 
HapflABOfi jaKB, pa3y6paHHoB b:b apsÍB iozmotsb, sjAch npflMO mhš 
Bi rjtasa CMOip^a secTosafl, 6eBo6pa3Hag npaBjui h roBopHja 
Mfli^: ,hah"!.. 

— H BH nOfflJlH? 

— Jífik... Ci Tbxi> nopi npomjo yse ho najo speMeoHy h h 
CHOBa ycn^i noÓuBaxb xbmi, ta^ noex% cbok) Mpannyto ni^CHio 
Bixep'b JIoAOBHxaro oiceana. Tenepb b bhojhí jeraJiHSHpoBaffb h 
wb Ka^ecxBŠ MHpHaro rpasAaHHHa noc&qaio Morfljru cbohxi oxaoEB 
H APysefi. KpoM^ MorHJi, y Hena 3A'^Cb no^xH HHHero se ocxa- 
jíocb... noxoMy hxo, noaa a MUBajicfl no CBŠxy wh noHCBaxi i^pa- 
coxbi, líHorie yse ynepjH, h a xenepb... cobc^mi oahh%! 

— Ho... ayAB ae bíi ša^tc xenepb? —cnpocHJia fl. 

— KyAa? — CBas&srb oni ch saraAOuofi ycMÍniKOfi. — He Bnaio... 
BipoflXHOy onflxb nofiAy Hcxaxb... 

Owb 3aH0Jiqaji'b. BnepoAH sanejibBajH sejcenue h Bpacniie 
oroBbRH xej-ĎSHofi Aoporn; ohh BunpurflBajiH oahhi sa ApyraicB 
fls% CBepRaion^efi rjiyÓHBU ho^u, h xojiOABoe jynnoe ciflnie ae 
Morjio no6ÍAHXb bxhxi shbuxi ornefi seMJH. BesMOJBHafl cxenb 
BApyrb osiua h noBecej&ia; nOBeceji^n ycx&sufl JomaAH h npH- 
6aBHJH pucH. RoHHHJocb syxBOO OABHoqecxBO nycxuHH: xani Bne- 
peAH SAaja aHSHb, — Mosexx 6uxb, Mejsafl, cyexHaa, HecoBepmeH- 

HBfl, HO BCe-xaBH aBH3Hb. „A SHXb XBBl XOHOXCfl"!.. 

KoFAB MU noAi^xajH B^b cxaHi^iH, no^A^t y»o npHmeji, h bx 
SByqnoB xameH-b nou cjumaJiocb xflacejoe nuxx^Hbe napoBOsa. H 
saxopoHHjacby 6oflCb onosAaxb, h bi xaonoxaxi coBepmesno aa- 
6bija o CBOOMii cnyxHHBi. Hoaa a 6pajia (Saserb a pasucRHBaja 



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„BSHCKyiomift rPAM*- 573 

M^CTO vh BaroH^, oh:b sarepAJicfl b^b tojiiiš, h Tor^a tojilbo a 
BcnoMHHJia, HTO Aftse He ycn^a cl hhmi npocTHibCH. H 006*]^- 
jsajia Ha CTaHi^K), npomja no nj[aT4K)pMÍ, sarjuiAUBaH fb osea 
BaroHOBi, — ero yse ee 6hjio sHiA^b. Ky^a owh Hciesi?.. H, chah 
Bi> BaroH-b cpeAH 6oroMOJOBi h mHÓaesi, TOisoBaBniHX^B o i^'&Hax'B 
HA rycHEiiS nyxi h CBHHyio n^eTHHy, a. Aynaja: „^ft He cohi jih 
Bce 8TÓ 6ujio — H dxa npospaqHan, rojy(SaH ho^b, h Mofi CTpaHH£iň 
cnpHHB^ Ch CBOHMH CTpaHHUMH pascsasaMH^? Ho H^rB... He- 
comh'&hho, dTO 6hj['b ne coh'b: b^b Moefi naMHTH en^e coxpaHHJHCB 
BByBH dToro rjyxoro, BSAparnBaion^aro rojroca h Bxa saraAonnafl 
yCMŠniKa Ha íjt^ahoitb, HsiiyHeHHOMx jmni, Oh-b Chj-b... MoaterB 
611TB, ecTB H lenepB, h Bce eme ÓpojíHTB no cB^iy wb Heycxan- 
HSTh noHCKax^B „rpa^a HeB^AOnaro^. Hafi^eTi jh owb ero?... 

B. I. ^MHTPIEBA. 



Tom y.— Oktotpi, 1902, 37/io 

Digitized by VjOOQIC 



3EMEItHAfl TOPrOBlfl 



CnEKYJIlIHIH 



I. 

PflA^ TflaKej[ux'B H noyHHTejbHuxi BuenhTjiimŘ npHnurocB nepe- 
SHTB HaifB B^b nocji^ikAHie TpH ro^a orb thei HasuBaeMaro npo- 
ifumjieHHaro RpHSHca, BupasHBinarocfi bi BpymeHÍHxi h pascTpoft- 
CTB^ ]f!bjii> pa3Hiix'B iipoMuinjieHHux'B npeAnpiflTÍlt. Maoroe hbx 
Toro, ^t5 en^e ne^aBEO 6ujio npe^HeTOMi noxBajbÓu h BucraBJífl- 
jioch SHaMeHieMi Hamero 6ucTparo 9KOHOMH?ecBaro nporpecca, 
OBasajocb nocipoenHuirB ea necK']^, h npoi^eccL noAOÓEUTb pas- 
o6jia?eHÍ& noBHAHMOMy emfi ae saBepmnjCH. Ho noxa Hame bhh* 
Mánie cocpeAOTOHHBaeTCJi na dTofi CTopoH'b dBOHOMHqecROfi shshh, 
BucTynaiorb npnsHaRH noAroxoBBH Apyroro, Tose cepsesHaro BpH- 
3Hca— sekejibHaro. 

IIpeA^B HaMH npoxoAHTi HenoiftpHKiil pocrB seMejibHuxi i^^hx, 

HAymifi He TOJIBBO 6UCTP0, ho H P']b8BHMH CBaqRáUH, npHTOMl Kasi 

pasi B'B TO BpeMfl, Bor^a oiOBCio^y ciumaTCfl o6ii^ifl tr&jioÓu na 
ynaAOB'L senejiEHofi se aoxoahocth, npHqeifB HHue jhii^nforb Aase, 
6yAT0 BBipyqKa ort noMimHHbaro xosaficTBa ne OKynaerL ero pac- 
xoAOBi. Rasajiocb 6u^ na^eHÍe aoxoahocth h BOSBLimeBÍe i^hu ea 
HCTOHHHsa — ABJíeHÍfl BacTOJibBO BsaHMHO-npoTHBonojiosHiifl, qro 
co^eraHÍe HX'b coBci^M^b HeecxecTBenHo; ho aama sHSHb, oco6eHHO 
B^b nocJiÍAHÍe roAu, npeACTaBjfleT'b lasi mbopo cxpaBnaro h juBxe 
nopasHTejbHarO) ^to osHa^eHHoe HB^eníe, TepflflCb bi pa^y npo- 



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SBMEilbHÁfl TOPTO&XH. 575 

SHTB noAo6Hiirb, ne ocTanaBJíHBaen) aa ceóí xase cooiBtTCTByio- 
o^ro ero cepbesHOCXH BHHMaHÍfl. Mes^y T^BfB, HeoÓxoAHMO saóoT- 
jiflBO pasfiHpaTBCfl Bi noAOÓHHTB saraxBaxi ne toíibro b'b HHiepe- 

<!aX'B npaBHJEBHOft OI]('&HSB COBpeMeHHUXl* dKOHOMH^eCKHXX (|»aBTOB%, 
HO H CB HHCTO npaSTHHeCBHMH I^ÍLIflMH. Ha^O BÓ-Bpeilfl OTJIHqaTb 

ecrecTBeHHtifl ABieHin otl HCRyccTBeHHiax'B, ee CM^niHBaA jsíbjrh 
ocHOBSTe^BHaro pascqera ci yBje^eHÍAMH h (j^RycaiiH caeRyJIfi^iH, 

KOHeqHO, HHHB flBjeHÍfl MOryTB 6uTb CB BHXy SaraAO^HEIMH, HO 

HM^TB ^^ocraTOHHoe BHyrpeHHee ocHOBaBÍe, h bx TaBOM'B cjiyna^ 

OHH HySAaiOTClI Bl Tn^aTeJBHOirb HBCJ[ŠAOBaHÍH ]ífin BUflCHeHÍfl HXl 

Hosaifiqaeifuxi npHqHHi. Ho ohh lasse MoryrE 6hiTb dio^oitb 
^óespaBC^eTHaro yBJEe^eHÍfl hjh Bpe^Boft cneByjflqÍH — h lor^a HysHO 
BHcraKiHTb Hxrb A^fiCTBHTeJbHyfo cyn^HOCTb RaR'b mosho CBOOBpe- 

JieBHte, HT06U BUSBaTb B'B OTHOmeHÍH R% HnM'B BCH) BOSMOSHyK) 

OCToposHOCTb k^řctbíř h coRpaxHTb HX'B pasBHTÍe MB. npe^yopo- 
ZAeHifl HOBUxi sanos^ajiiixi h ;^oporflx:b paciuarb. Ki RaROiiy se 
siieHHO paspsAy npEHa^JiesHrB 5biCTpiiB noji^eM'B seiiejbHuxi 
ujbB^b npH naxeHÍH AOxoAnocTH? OcHOBaTejeH'b je oh'l, scRyc- 
CTBOffb JH, HJiH Hiťlerb cMiinaHHufi xapaRTep'b? Tyrb ecxb HaA'b 

^ITB BIUyMaTbCH. 

GaMufi ^^aRTb p-lBRaro h nporpeccHBHaro AoposaHÍB soMejb se 
aoAiesHTB comhíhík). O npmi^paxi 6ojiie h 6oj[te AoporoS npo- 
jífixsi Ex% npHXOAHTCfl Tooepb cjumaTb oo^ith eseABOBHO. RpoM% 
cjOBecHHX^b coo5iAeHÍfi npoBHHuiajibHuxx Ha6jiH)AaTejieft, o hhxi 
noflBjflercfl MHoro bsb^ctíS b^ ne^^aiH. To se roBoparb h OT?eTu 
^ÓaHROBi, ocoóeHHO RpecTbflHCRaro h ABopaHCiuiro. Riii^ enie, ro- 
ae^iHO, nojsaro h Toqaaro i^H^poBoro Maxepiaja, noRasuBacontaro 
pftBMipu H (|»opMu Toro, ht6 coBepmajiocb h coBepmaeTCH bi 6jh- 
jsafimee ri nairB Bpeiffl h qxó cocTaBjflerb yjiibjsi^ Cy^yn^eft CTaxs- 
x;thrh; ho h 6ez% rpoMOsjíRofi h to^hoS paspaSoTRH xanHEiii npex- 
xerb AOCTaTOHHO 0CB'6iiiaeTCfl xotb 6u rpynnapOBROH) coo6iiieHÍfi, 
-noflBJíflBniHxcH vh neqaTH. OpHBeAeMi HÍ^csojibRo xapaRxepHfiixi 

^pa8I^0B'B. 

H3'B xepcoHCRoS H TaBpH?ecR0& ry6epHÍfi cooSn^ajiH o cjy- 
^aflx:b, RaR^b o^na h Ta se senjifl (ne bi py^HOM^b paKoH'b) B'b xe^e- 
HÍe OAHOro roAa nepenpoAaBajiacb no ^Ba h no xpn pasa, BCBRÍfi 
pasi ci> RpynHUMH HaAÓaBRaiiH wb ufbni^ h bx rohi^% ROHqoBx sa 
HaHBHcmyK) i^i^Hy c6uBajacb BpecTbflnaifb. ELo OAHOMy hsi ra3ex- 
muzTi HSBŠcxifi oxxy^a se, na xoproBJíH) seiLieH) ofipaxHjHCb ni- 
KOTopue RanHxajH, óuBmie noMta^eHHbuiH B'b nRxe&aoMx jijbjí^ h 
ocBOÓOAHBmiecfl co Bse^eHÍOMi bhhhoR MOHonojdH, npHqeii:b npo- 
jfHHueHHHRH HanuTH ce6t B:b seMejbHoň xoproBji'6 hobbiS HCxoqHHR'b 

87* 



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57& . BftCTHHB^B EBPOniJ. 

Óapunia; ho Bcip-inaioTCfl TaKse h npexHÍe aeiueBjaA^JiBi^Ei, bo^ 
Topue npHSHajin 6ojrbe BuroAuuwhy bm^cto Be^eHÍA xosflftcTBa b% 

C06CTBeHHIJX'B E}á^EÍ3Xl>, c6uBaTB nCCJt^AHÍfl H Ha BHpyneHHfiifl 

cyMMú nosynaTb hjsíh seMJiH ji^n nepeapo^asH hxi, npBneBfB bo- 
He?Hiifi HCXOA^B noAOÓHofi onepai^ÍH — nepexaia seMJiH bi BpecTbflH- 
CRÍB se pyBH. B:b seMcsofi „CejrbCBo-xosflfiCTBeHHOfi xpoHaiť6 xepcoH- 
CBOfi ryČepnÍH^ npHBO^HJiCH pn^i npHM^poBi nOBynBH seMjni, no- 
BasuBaBiEHx^B, qxo i^Ha a^cathhu wb sjíeBcaH^píBcBOirB yb^iiíb ne 

TOJLBO no MeJTBHMl, HO H HO BpjnHfilMl CXbjlíiSLiFh, AOXOJpia XO 

150 H 180 pyfíjieň, T.-e. flo neCíHBaJioň bi BOCtMHAecaTuxi ro- 
Aaxi BucoTH. — B^ cxenHoň naciH TaBpHqecsolt ry5epHÍH, naH^o- 
jAe ooABepmeHHOfi bjiíabíh) 3acyx'B, npOAasHiifl noAecflTHHHua ujbuu 
npeBumajiH i^hh rycTO-HacejienHoS, nio^opo^^HoB h npoMuniJieH- 
flofl BieBCBofi, a Bx Beccapa(5ÍH — seMJiH opo^aBajHCB Aopo»e, híwb 
B% noAOJBCBOň. — VLsT> qepHHroBCBoft h nojiTascsoft ryóepmfl co^ 
o^n^ajTH Bx rasem, BaBx hm^hía, BynjienHEifl Bcero tokl Ha3ax'B^ 
nepenpo;itaBajHCB ci HaA6aBB0H) b^b npemnefi i^h'6 1 5 h 20 npo- 
i^eHTOB-B. B'B nepeflCjaBCBOMi yfo^t íoojit. ry6.) o^hhi seHejiB- 
iiufi CBynn^HBi, BynHBi xBa ro^a nasa^i^ HM^níe sa 87 Tucam^ 
py6jefi, He;^aBHO nepenpoAajix ero BpecTBflnaHi csadibomi sa 
100 TucflHi. — Bil c. naH^iiJiax'B, xpH ro^a Hasaxi, o^na ?acTB Hir6- 
uifl opo^ana 6us9, no 140py6jie& sax^cATRny, a xenepB ;ipyrafl — 
yae no 300 pyójeň. Bx npomjOMX toay ^^'^ ^i^^ ®^ míctbo- 
CTefi npnxoAHJiH b^cth o npoAa»ax'B no 400 h no 500 pyójett 
3a xecflTHHy. lIpoMuniJieHHHBH, no cjOBaMi* BoppecnoH^eHTOB^B, esy- 
HHB^B Hifi^nifl, orojfliOTB Hxi H saT^Hx cÓuBSLíOTb orojeHHyH) seujno 
c% CapumoiťB, npH?eM*B naÓaBBH npoAOJiasaiOTCfl xo npoxasn spe- 
CTBflnaifB, BOTOpue TasHiíi o6pa30H'B onJia^HsaiOTB HHorxa na- 

XHBy HtCBOJTBBHX-B npOMe»yT01HHrB CneByMHTOBX. — Bi Bopo- 

nescBOfi ry6epHÍH BOMnanifl cneByjiantOB^ onepnpyerB BaA'B npn- 
nuBfUMH BpecTBflnaMH. Bi ocxporoscBOMi yizji!k CBynjeno eio 1 7 th- 
CflTO xecflTHH-B, ne Aopoate 60 — 75 py6. sa xecHTney, h nepenpo- 
Aano ci> noMon^BH) BpeciBflHCBaro Óansa no ujkni otb 105 ao 
125 pyfijieS; bi ĎorynapcBOMi Bynjeno obojio 30 rucň^^b jsfica- 
THHx no 50 — 80 py6. n nepenpowno no lítn-fe ot-b 100 m 
120 py6. sa Aecflinny. Oího HirfeHÍe nyieM-B nepenpoxaan npn- 
necjo BpeMennoHy BJiaA'itjiBqy HHCxaro Óapuma 400 Tucaqi. 

TaBOBu cooón^enifl h8i^ losnofi nojocii h hsi M'6cTH0CTefi cra- 
paro rycTonacejennaro cpe^nepyccBaro ^epnosena. Ho ne uemie 
9(|»(|)eBTHu H npHXOAflnUH Cb BOCTOBa. B% caiiapcsyK) h y(|»HMCByK> 
ryfiepnin n^eTB BOJioHHsaiúoHHoe BpecTBancBoe ABH»eHÍe nai pas- 

HBTXl H'&CTHOCTefi, HO CHOByJIflHTBl 3apaH'&e CBynatOTB irí^HBIfl 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



SEHEJbBAH TOPrOBJfl. 577 

8eiuH H nepenpoAaioirB hx:b dTHM'B HCBaxeJiHMi Hacyn^Haro xji6a 
Ch sojioccajBHUMx fiapumoMi, OT^ero bi canoe BopoTBoe speMfl 
deMaiBHiifl híeu Tam noAHHJíHCb BABoe h Biime. O noj^oÓHaro 
poxa KyneqecRax'B cneByjuiiúflxi saflBjeflo 6hjo h b^ caMapcBOMi 
^»B]iCBOM'B co6paHÍH. Ho oco5eHHOio peibe^^HOCTbH) OTJH^aexcfl no- 
iiBHBmeecfl He^asBOBi ^PyccsHx^b BÍAOMOCTflX'B^ coo6n;eHÍe r. Ilpyra- 
BHHa, Hdofipasaioii^ee h noxBHrH CKyiii^HROB'B, h apoHSBOAHMafl 

HMH nOď&ACTBÍfl. UiÚt 3. OXBaTHJIl CHCTeMaTH^eCBOK) CBynBOK) 

^acTB capaTOBCBoS h losBue y^Ati caMapcsoB ryfiepsiň. RyiiHBi 
HM^HÍe no 25 py6jie& sa A^CflTHHy, ob^l, ^epesi ABt-ipe neji,ijifi, 
€6uBaeTB no 50 pyójefi, a oabo HM'bBÍe, npio6p%Tfl no 16, cCujL^h 
j^aa&e no 40 pyfijeň, x.-e. nojyiai'B 150 npoi^eBTOBi 6apunia. 
B:b 1900 roAy hm^bío r. BepeTeanHBOBa vh 2.200 AecflXHHi, Byn- 
aeBHoe no 29 py6. A^CBTEBa, nepesi ab'6 boa^h nepenpoAano 
no 43 py^jiB, T.-e. Tyxi seiijifl Bas^ 6yAT0 pasoMi BSAopoauuia bi 
nojTopa pasa. Bi ÓysyjiyBCBOMi yšsAt b4bíř P. npioóp-feit, bo- 
cej£b JitTL aasaAi, 7.500 AecflTHH'B no 25 pyÓJiefi, a lenept sa- 
npoAajL KpecTbflHaMi no 100 py&iefi. Haflaie oahofo hbi canap- 
CRExx HorapiycoBi (4.000 AecaTHEi), npioÓpixeHHoe OAOCCKBMrB 
csynn^EBOifB M. no 22 py6j[fl, Bcero ^epes^b mecxb M^cai^eBi npo- 
xano nepeceieni^aMi no 47 pyÓJiefi, x.-e. nojyroAOBOfi 6apuni'B 
cneKyjiflBxa cocxaBHJx cxo xhcahi pydaefl. 

Mo»HO 6h, KOBeHBO, BHHHcaxb HS-B raBOxi ropasAO Óojisrae 
€;iHBH?nux'b npHH'£poB'L) BO B'B BXOM^ He npoACxaBJíflexcfl BaAo6- 
HOCXH, noxoMy qxo, npn Bceft pasópocanBOCXB CBoeS, noAoCflBW 

B^CXH OXJH?aK)XCfl nOJBOK) OAHOpOAHOCXbH), COBnBAafl Cl TÍWby HTb 

^acxo nepcAaexcfl ycxno. JI^o6aBKH (j)aBX0Bi AMyx^ bícrojisko bo- 
BHX'B i^B^pi, BO se yBejBqaxi dý(|»eKxa npnBeAeaBuxi Bume npn- 
ii'6poB'B. Mosexi 6£ixb, naue npBMŠpu AonycRaiorb BaKia-jraSo oro- 
BopRB, o€o6eBBiiB noflCBeBÍfl, A&se <j[)aBTB?ecBÍfl nonpaBBB, bo bco 
9T0 noxonexi bi o6n^e& BBymaxeJibHOii mbcc^, roBopan^efi oabo b 
TO ase, B qacTBUH nonpasKB xepaioxx BBxepeci e^e noxony, ixo 
hhbto ne oxpBqaex^ CBJíbBaro Aoposasifl Beicejib. HanpoxBBi^, 061 
9T0irb BesA^ roBopflxi, a& h ox^iexii BpecxbBBCsaro 6aBBa npaMO 
yTBepsAaH)T%, mo „Bospoctanie noBynnuxii uikwh na senjua sa 
jŘOCjAnEie Memupe rofjíL sairlqaexcfl noqxB nOBceM'icTBO biPoccíb^. 
3a]iÍTB0 TOJibBO, "1X0 b^ oabhx^b cjiyHaflX'b BJiiaBÍe cneByjinaia bh- 
erynaenb CJiHniROirb rpy6o, — sorAa, sanpHiflpi, Bpynniie Kymn cpu- 
saiOTCfl B'b qepes^ypí sopoxBoe speMfl, — a bi Apyrnxx noAieiťB 
n'lBx csaBBTBaexcfl poBB-ie, vh psA^ foaobi, xoxa c% nopasBaio- 
o^efo se nporpeccBBBocxBK), AftBan npocxopi Óojrbe cjioacBtiiťb 
oéiflCHeHiflMi. 06paxEifCfl, OAaaso, en^e bi Maxepiajy, AasaeMoicy 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



578 MCTHHKE EBPOIDI. 

6aHR0BHMH OTHeiaMH, H BSB^e^eiTB H^ikCKOJBKO HOBUX^ CODOCTaB* 

Do OTqexy KpecTBflHCsaro 6aHBa sa 1897 foa^b, cpexHAfl no* 
Bynsafl i^^ea ffiCBmnu 6um 71 py6jb, Tor^a BaB% hh vh o^iMOWh 
B3i» npeAu;iyii^ix'B roxoBi ona ne noxHHMajacb Bume 52 py6;ieft. 
Rl 1899 ro^y cea noAHajiacb eme na pyÓJiE, a 3% 1900 roj[y 
Aomjia AO 76 py6jefi. fioponeiii; lasoe ofin^ee cpaBeenie ifoserB 
eii^e BHsuBaTB saMinaHÍfl bi» toitb cmiicji'&, hto b% oahomi roxy 
6bjihmi1k upoufiETb oeuejih uorb 6htb noByoaeMi bi Jiy^unHxi, a 
KB ApyroiťB — b% xyAniHxi iť&CTHOCTaxi. ÍIoBTOiiy, se orpaHiu- 
BaflCb BajOBUMH BUBO^aMH, CA^aeMi emfi H-icBOJbRO cpaBseHÍfi no 
OTA^bEiíMi ry6epHÍflii:B, oxjiH^aioii^HMCfl MeobniHirB BHyTpeHHHjrb^ 
padHOOÓpasieiťB xocTOHBCTBa seiura, h npHTOMi sa 6oJíie npOAOi- 

SHTeJIbHOe BpeMfl. HMeHHO, CpaBBHMl OOXeCflTHBBUfl npoAasBHfl 

uíbEU no CA^^jBaiťB) coBepmenaiairB vb bmíljií A^flTejibBOCTB xpe- 
CTBflBCBaro 6aBBa b — bi Baqaji^ b bobi^ iiocjiíjiehto ero orqer- 
naro ceuEA^Tiň^ npncoBOBynBB^b jpb bewl emfi noAecflTHBBUB uíbEHy 
no saKBMi Bi B'£BOTopux'B Bsi dTBX'L ry6epflift BynBj'b bhíbía 
cam 6aBRx. 

CpeAHifl noKy[iHH4i uíkuB na AecxTHHy. 
r y 6 e p H i H. A. Ho c^kizaMi* KpecxMHi ci npowBi^aMH. caMoro^ÓMuSu*^ 

1884 r. 1894 r. 1899 r. 1900 r. 1899 r.*). 

py6. py6. py6. py6. py6. 



KypcKOfl. • . . 


. . 106 


119 


123 


135 


— 


nOJTaBCKOfl . . 


. . 91 


^ 


135 


159 


141 


CapaTOBCKaji . . 


. . 33 


65 


78 


81 


86 




(orb 25 jfi 60 p.) 








CMoieHcsafl . . 


. . 28 


34 


65 


68 


— 


MorHieBCKafl . . 


. . .17 


34 


51 


63 


54 


CoAOJibCKafl . . 


. . 95 


127 


131 


158 


113 


XepcoHCKafl . . 


. . 65 


98 


126 


134 


— 


TaBpHqecKafl . . 


. . 49 


— 


136 


123 


— 



OTCiOAa BBABO, KaBi ÓucTpo B CBJbBo noBumajiBCb npoxas- 
nufl i^'&BH. TojibBO no BypcBOfi ry6epflÍB noA'BeMi» stoti 6hxb ae 
6ojAe 25Vo sa mecTBaAuaTb jisti, xota ry6epBÍa ara — ojiHa hsi 
jyHniBxii, a no ocxaibnuirB obi Be^xb 6ojibme, niwb b<b noxropa 
pasa. Oco6eBBoe se BBBMaflie oCpan^aiorb aa ce6a 6ojrie pobhhe 
no BaiecTBy seMja ryÓepBia: cMOjeacnaa, MorajeacRaa b xepcoa* 
CBaa, Tflik pasjB^ie droro BaneciBa Meabme Apyraxi Morjo orpa- 



') IIojHaro OTHera sa 1900 roxi y naci emfi hítl, h oTBocHTeibBO 'aroro roxa 
xH xoBOJbCTByeMCJi BaBieHeBÍem, npBBeAeflflmn bi „Bíctb. ^BsaBcoBi**. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



3Eif£^uAfl TOProBJía. 579. 

sHTbCfl Ha aŠHaxi h, ci'6A0BaTejibH0, ABCTBenHÍe BtipasMOCs cano 
B8Aq>osaHÍe. TyTB i^hu Bupocin baboc, b'b 27^ h SV^ pftsft- 
CoCcTBeHHHfl ase noKyasH ÓaHsa, sa HCBJío^eHieMs hoaojibckoíI 
ry6epHÍH, OKasanai eiqe xopose coBpeiieHHux^ noRynoK'B no cflibjí- 
KaH'B BpecTBBH'B c% npoAaBuaMH. 

6'B OT^eraxi ^^BopflHeRaro fiansa Bcero spacHop-i^HB^e no a^h- 
HOMy Bénpocy cb^a^hía o nepesajoraxi HH^HÍft, 6uhmEX% yse 
BajoseHHUMH npesx6, cb Bu^ft^eio Ao6aBO^Huxi ccyA'B. 9th oepe- 
8a4orH H Bu^aqn npaRTHByiOTCfl o^enb nrapoBO hsi ro;^a bi ro;rB. 
Tasx^ «b 1898 roAy no;(S bhobb npHHHTUfl b'b saiorB euíbísl 
6wío BUAaHO 67Vs mhxiíohobi h AotfaBoqHHX'B no nepesasoraMt 
53 MHxnoBa, vh 1899 r. — noA^B hobho saxorn 37 mhxiíohob'b h 
A06aB0^BHXi 34^/8 HHjLiioHa, a vb 1900 r. — noA^ noBne saiorn 
357^ MHJijioHOBi H Ao6aBoqHuxi no nepesaioraMi 40 Ví mejl^ 
jíohob^b. Bi npeAmecTBraaBmie se qexsipe roAa, Ao6aB09BHfl ccy^u 
Aase BOi^TOflHHO npeBum&sfl cbohm'b padM^poM'^ nepBoeaHajbnufly 
TaRi ^To BooÓn^e wh nocjrÍAHÍe rojpi A^flTenbHOCTB ABopflHCRaro 
6aHKa CTOiBSo ae BnpaiuuiacB wb npieiťb hobux^b saxoroBib, csoďbBO 
Fb yBeaHieniH m/ojb^ npesHHXi 8ae]ínuiK0B'B, nyxeiťB BOSBumenifl 

OIT^HICH HXl HMÍBÍfi« B'B BaSOft M^pŠ HyBCTBHTeJbBLI dTH B03BU- 

mesÍH — noRasHBaerb to, hto b^ 1899 roxy 503 hm^hía, nepBO- 
Ha^ajiBBo oi^BCTHiifl vh 33.381.000 pyfijiefi, nepeoi^ifleHu Óujin 
Wh 49.816.000 p., a vh 1900 roAy 605 euíbíŘj oix^HenHBix^B 
npn BBAA^ nepBuxK ecyA'i> bi 39.917.000 py6., nepeooti^HeBii 
Kb 59.463.000 p. T.-e., B% 06a roxa HirlHk npHSBaB&iHCb b3ao- 
posaunHMH vb nojTopa pasa* IIpaB^a, npHUffb Tasoro BosBume* 
Bifl vb OT%Tarb sasBano HicBOJibBo: yBeiHneHÍe cocTaBa sa^oseH- 
HHx^ HMfanft, Bucoseeie vb oi^HKy ji'6oa h nocrpooBB, upoBe^e- 
HÍe xarÍ8Hiix% XopoTB, yB&iH^ieBÍe aoxoahocth em^íbíS, h y^yqme- 
HÍe Hx^b. Ho TaBx bux nepBaa npHuna (yBeJiH^eBÍe cocTasa) 
osadHBaercfl* eoBepm^BO hb^toshoh) (B'b 1899 roAy Ba 718.403 
XecflTHBu Vb 8ajioaieHH£ix'b HMŠaíaxi npHÓaBHJiocb mabso 13.479, 
an MeH*e 27o, a vb 1900 r. na 729.168 AecaTHBi— 18.669,. 
Hjra 2VsVo)9 TO, o^eBHAHO, rjasB^firnyiD npH^Bny Ao6aBOHBuxi 
ccyx^ cocraBJuer^ npHSHaHie seifejib caibHO BSAopoauiBniHMH. 

OpHBexeBBaro cuporo Maiepiajia ajih BameS i^^h AOCiaTo^tBO^ 
TaRx Ttasffb Ba^aqy eamy cocraBJTHerb ne noApotínafl pa8pa6oTRa 
(kxibmo& i^poBoS Maccii, a ofiosBaneBÍe o6iAaro a&ieHÍfl, aocth* 
raeifoe npH noMon^H rpynoHpOBRH 6ojAe xapasrepfliixs oópasi^OBx. 
nocjT&XHÍe flCHO nosaBUBaioTb b ^aRTb Aoposanifl senejib, h Rpyn- 
Hue pasiri^ii ero, h 4>opMbi. Poctb i;'6B'b o^cbhabo Tenepb bb. 
caMoirB pasrapi, h nepTypCaipe, HenuTUBaeiiHH noAecflTBBBoio ísíb^ 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



580 mansmeh ebpoiiu. 

HOH), MHoro HanoMHHaroTi CBanicÉ, HexaBHO coBepmaBiniecfl 6Hp- 
seBUMH i](%HaMH aniufi tíxi> npoMunueHHUxi npeAnpiímfi, jmi 
BOTopuxi, nocji']^ mnpoEofi MacjuiHHiiH, B^^pyrb HacTynHjrb Beiiudfl 
nocTX, T.-e. BpeMfl cyxoflAeaiH h Hcno6'&A&HÍfl rpšxoBi. 



n. 

B^b HeMT> me npHHHHa TaRoS ropa^efl csiiqsH Beif&ibHUX% ukai^? 
Bx OTflomeHÍH bi noAOÓHOMy Bonpocy aejibsfl OTX^JiBiBaTBCfl oÓn^HiiH 
4)pa3aMH, noBepxHOCTHUMH cysAemfliiH, xeHxeHi^oaHHifH iuh ysjOH- 
HHBUMH TOJiKOBaHiflMH, a Hy^eH^B otbÍh cepsesHiífi, OfiOCHOSaH- 

HElfi, aHBJIHTHHeCBifi. 

IIoAxeiťB i](tH'B 6ujíi> 6u Bnojmi ecrecTBeHrb, ecjiuCu abaucji 
npflMEiMii cj-i^ACTBieirB nocTOflHHaro iiOA'BeMa 86MaiBHofi aoxoxhocth. 
CHjrbHO pocjH u^Bu — xoTfl paBHOif%pH%e— B^B ceiiHxeeflTin['B ro- 
Aax^E, oco6eHHO b% kobují hxi, ho sroMy ee^iero 6iuo yxiiBUTbCfl, 

nOTOMy HTO B'B TO BpeMfl qyBCTBHTeJTBHO nOAHHliaJraCb XilŠdHHfl I^HH, 

npH BOTopuxx H npesHflfl seMeiBHaa npoHSBOAHTeibHoeTb npHHO- 
CHja npH6aBBy A^sexHaro Aoxo^a, Tasí RaRi npesaee so^iH^ecTBO 
8eMejibHnx'b npoAyRTOBi noMHomajiocE ea BOSBBCHBinyiocfl BejH^HHy 
uíknu nyAa ejih qeTBepxH. PocrB aoxoahocth npoAOJmaJCfl apnCjH- 
BHTejiBHO AO 1881 roAa, npeACTaBJABmarocfl ByjbMHHai^OHHHn 
ero MOMeHTOMi, a Cb 1882 roAa CTaio ^yBCTBOBaTtcH yse oÓpaT- 
Hoe Te^enie, h okojio BpeneHH posA^HÍfl ABopiHesaro tfaHBa oia- 
majHCB yse rpoMBÍfl ďsaiofíu aa ipyAHOcrb nojoseHÍfl ^aerHaro 
seMJieBjaA^HÍfl. Obojio 1887 roAa noc^-^AOBarb hobhA oukWBx no- 
HHseHífl i^'6H'b, yse saTHSHÓro, a noTOMi DOflBJífljHCb AaJbH^fimifl 
noBTopenifl Toro jse ABjíeHifl. BocbMHAecflTue roAu, TaBHMi o($pa- 
BOifb, ÓujíE nepioAO.Mi perpecca xjrJkOHUxi u^B%y npu^ewh craiH 
Aase BucTynaTb 8<j[)^RTHUfl sajioóa na TpyAHOCTb cÓura no Ba- 
RHaťb 6a TO HH Óujio i^^Haiii. TaRÍfl ycjroBÍJi ne Hiri^H yse hh- 
nevo o6ii;aro cb fiuBniHMH vb ROHi^b ceMHA^CflTuxi foaob^; cji^jio* 
BaTejrbHO, roAHBmiflCfl ajia dTuxi noca^AHHrb vojíjwb o($xflCHeHÍfl 
noTepHJiH Cfioe 3HaqeHÍe. MesAy t^itb, ht6 hh fobophtb, HopnaiB- 
Haa seiiejbHafl i^šna, no canoB cyntnocTH CBoefi, npeACTasjaerE 
BanHTajiHsai^iK) seMe^bnaro AOxoAa, TaBi jssjffb noBynaion^fi hmí- 
nie — noBynaerb aoxoa^ orb nero. ^oxoa^ se cnoco6earB pocra 
HJiH orb yBe^nneHÍfl yposafinocTH, hjh orb coBpan^enifl xodaSCTnen- 
Hbixi> H3AepseBi, HJIH OTB AoposaHÍfl npoHSBeAeHÍS seiuH. Korxa 
noBbiCHJicfl ^HCTuB AOXOA^ — AOpose CTanoBRTCfl h ero hcto^bhbs; 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



SfiMUBHAfl TOPrOBJfl. 581 

a ecjíB no9H3HJCfl oh^b — se bh^ho pesona AopeacaBiH) seiuH, hjh 

flBHJICfl npOTHBOHaKNRHUS pesoHi. 

He yBaranjiacb ae y nacx b% jtesHHOCTHX-B ro^axi yposafi* 
HOCTb? Ha 9T0 HÍT% yTBepAHTexBHEixx yBasaaifi, Bpoirl pasBŠ Ka- 

BHTb-dlHfiO OTAÍ.IBHHXI HeB^noqHTaiBHUXl UpSH^pOffS, flBJfllOII^HXCfl 

pesyjbTaTOirB ycHJiifl orpaHHqeHearo . HHCJia jhi^'l, upímewh Hsdu- 
TOKi> yposafl Boraarpas^^TB co6cTBeHBo jH^iHiifi Tpy^i h ynš- 
jiocTb xosfleffb, a se oipasaerea na njbwb eaHOft seiuH, KOTopafl 
vb ApyrarB pyBax'& npHBeceTx cobcéii*b ne to. IIoxoÓBHe npH- 
Mips npOAOJisaiorB 6uvh p^akaii h, to hmša o6maro seaieHifl. B% 
oónsfiwh »e, BanpoTHBi) nan^e CTajH HeyposaH, a Be^ocraioB^ 
arpoHOMHqecBaro nporpecca h BCTon^eBÍe npepcxHiirs chjii seiura 
npoxoisaen CJiysHTb npeAMeroMi ÓoJbmHxi ^Ka^otii. 

He yMeBBmBJíHCB jh, b'b Ba^ecTB^ (Xki^aro flEieBÍB, xoBflficTBefl- 
BHe pacxoxH? H aa bto se cunnHTCfl yTBepAHTeibHuxi* otb^tobi. 
3eMJieBjiax&ibi^i (Jojkine sajyiOTCfl sa otipeiieHeHie isxh xoqbřctb% 
niui* TompMTb o Basflx^B-jHdo o&ierqHTejEBfliixi ycjiOBÍflxi. 

HonpaBBJHCb jib nocji^ BocbMBAecBTiixi toaobi i^hh npoHBBe- 
xenifi sevjH? Tyrb otb^ti nojyqaercfl yse npBMO OTpBiiaTejBBEi&. 
CjmovoM^b en^ kb csisefi navAra y aaci Tt BoniiB o BenoM^p^ 
BOfi AemeBHSflš xjiiÓíLj Roropue wbcKosao jiítb nasax^ cjiiuna* 
JHC^ OTTB vaccH c&iBcnm xosaeKB, BasoxBBJH ne^aTi^, susuDaiH 
paaiRqBHE xoaaficsifl xo^araBcřBa, BoiHOBaiifl b x^bjib na naprÍH 
saniBxx dBOHOMHCTOBi, HopoABJH oco6yK) jBTeparypy, o<j[)$fli4aji[B^ 
Hyn fl Heo^BipaiBHyio, 5iijih noBOXom Vb y^pes^enio Bncmax-B 
BaMMHCcifi^ HBxaBaBniBXi CBOH TpyAH, noAseprajiHCB ceHcai^OflBUMi 
xeCaTaiTB kb y^enux^ otfn^ecTBaxi, cjiOBOiťB — saHBnajiB co6ok) npa* 
BHTeACTBeBBoe H otiniecTBeBBoe BanvaHÍe, KaBi ff&so nepsocre- 
neHHaro dROHOUB^ecsaro BflaqeHÍfl a^a crpasBi. Ecib mb^bíb b^b 
Ty nopy jcfcjiHjracb, to ^Boib bi OTBomeBÍB b^b Bonpocy — bkttoaho 
hju HeBHTOXHO oa^eBíe xji^Cbuxi nihwh xu 6jiarococToraifl Óojib- 
mHHCTBa HacejieBÍfl, hjih jma Boro hmobho bufojibo h seBaroAfio, 
Bo HHBaB:B He B-b oTHomeHÍB B^ caMOHy 4^aBTy btoto naAOsifl. ^T0 
is,ÍBu BCxoieCajiH noaroseHÍe xosfleBi — -b^ btomi bc% 6íijih ooriacaii, 
H BOTB TorAa*TO nomjiH vb xoa*b BaTBByTUfl yTBepasAeHÍfl, 6yAT0 
X&io AOflcrJO AO Toro, vro bo iffloa&ecTB^ ciy^aeBi ynaBmii Ba^o- 
Boft xoxoffB ot:b seiiejrLHaro xosflftCTBa nepecTajrB noapuBaTB pac- 
xoAH, OT^ero xosafiCTBO cff&iaJocB ^hcto yÓtiToiHtivB h noAffep- 
SHBaeTCii iiHniB no Tpa^Hipn. Giobomi, opa Bceft owctb^ xosflft- 
CBHXfB noBasaflifi orB npeysejiHqeHifi h npoHSBOiBHUxi npHM^efty 
xosHO 6wio cnopHTb TOJn»BO o tom:b ejih Apyrom pasirbpíb yna^Ba 
ftOXoxHoeTB, HO BO BCBBOiTB cjyw% — yna^Ba, a ne noAieiia. Gnopu 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



582 nOTBOKh WPOWBL. 

noAo6Haro poxanoroiťL saTHXJiH, ho — oitl BHj^HMaro yromieHifl no*. 

BTOpeHÍflMH OAHOrO H TOFO Se H 0T% ($e3pe8yJbTaTflOCTHy a He OTE 

P'6mHTej[bH0tt nepeM^Hu nojioseBífl. Bosmosho, ^to xenepb a^hh 
^aase HŠCROJiBKO nonpaBKiHCb npoTHB^ 1896 a 1897 roAoe^, ho 
AaJiORO He TaRi sHaHHTejbHO^ ito6h 8to HaooMHHaAO RaKofl-HH6yj^ 
nepeiOMi. Ecjih »e cpaBHHTb. bx^b c% óubeqhhh, HanpHM^pi^ bs 
Ha^ajii BOCbMHAecflTun toaob^ to oh^, soHe^HO, osasyTCfl ho 

BepHyBIOHMHCfl Bl ypOBHH) HOCJriAHiOCB, a 3Ha?HTeJbH0 HHSHIHMH.. 

Crajo óuTB, Tor^a a^h oi^íhbh soimh na^o 6iulo BaoHTaJiHSHpo- 
BaTb ÓdjbmyH), a tenepb — MěHbmyH) BasHUHy aoxoahocth. 

HTasi, roBopfl Boofio^e, — Hirb ocHOBaHÍfi bi sasjuo^eHÍiOy ttoCh 
coBepmaiomifiCA pocrb 3eiiejibu£ix'b fsíbE% 6uji% cjr^ACTBÍeirb iioA'bexa 
AOXOAHOCTH. Macca cjiyqaeBi, uanpoTHBi, (SesyciOBHO ycxpaHAerb 
CB caMaro na^ajia BOSMOSHOCXb Tasoro oCiflCHenifl. Hib CBadaib, 
BanpHMŠpi, o rbTh ^^aBTaxi, Borjia opo^aacHaa i^tna oxHoft h 
ToB se seifjui EBM^Haercji opn CA^Baxi b% caMoe sopoTSoe speMK^ 
Aaace ABa-Tpn pasa bi toa^? Morja n bi noAo6HbiB a^ox^ TavB 
f^sEO nepexŠHBTbCfl AOXOAHOcrb? ^oxoai otl seuM oapexJ^eTCfl 
oxHH^b pa8'b Bi roAi») a ne HicBOJbBO pasi, — cjtAOBaxeiBHOy npH 
noAOÓHUx^b nepenpoxaacaxi ne mofjih HSMiHHTbca Aaace ocHOBHSitf 

AaHHUfl flfla OUt^UBRy — SHaHHTl, BCfl COBOByCHOCTb H^CBOJIbBHXl CvA- 
HflBOIHXCfl npOAaBI^OBTb H nOBynn^HBOB'B 6ilia B% COCTOflHÍH y<IBTH- 

BaTb OAHH H TŠ se yposan h uí^bu hjih, Moserb 6uTb, jtfioíe okbwb 
HOca^AHÍfi xoBflftcTBeHHufi TOA^b. PšaBÍfl nepeiiiaBi seiieiBHOfi i^^hii 
MorjH 6u naxoAHTb o6'bflCHeHÍe pasBi bx cjyqafiHiiX'b HaxoABarb^ 
vh poA'&, HanpHMŠpii, OTHCBaHÍfl pyA'b, ho pyAHua seHjra ne nepe- 
xoABTb B'b BpecTbflHaM'b, a MesAy Tbwb hoca*! Bpynnux^b Hax<^- 
BOBI seiiJiH npoAasaJiHCb hkobho dTmťb hocjiíahhitb. MyApeno 
o6%fiCHflTb laBÍe <j[)aBT£i h ciyqafiHUMH HeAorjflAsaitH, h omafisaiiH 
y^iacTHHBOBi CA^OBi, noTOMy HTO npeA'b HaicH coiHmBOiii 6aiBniafl 
Macca OAHopoAHux^b (|)aBTOB'b. EcjKH ase OBHa^eHHtie ywcTHHKH níb- 
HHJH OAHy H Ty se seiijiD TaBi pasjíH^HO, to, Bonerao, hitíh b^ 
BHAy He AOxoAHOCTb, a h4hto Apyroe. 

EciH MěHbmifi AOxoA'b oir&HHBaerca Aopose apesnaro Bucniaro^ 
TO Basii 6yAT0 BuxoAHrb, hto noBynniHBH CTpeuflTca oxaTHTb sa. 
yMeHbmeHie CBoefi npHÓEUH. Ecjih se craTb na xo^sy spinii 
yTBepsAaioH^HXi, 6yAT0 senejibHoe xosflficTBO cboahtca bx wcT<my 
yíJHTBy, TO BHBOA^ 6yAeTb e^^e HecooÓpasHibe: iiHHycb erasi aot 
pose HJiBoca, hjiioah, ho n^aAfl cpoACTBi, roHATca Ba npaBOxx aa 
noj[y?eHÍe yCuTBa. 

RaBÍH se o6%flCHeHÍfi npHBOAflTca Mň CTOJib CTpanHux^b, saraxo^ 
Hiixi nojosenitt o tomi, qT5 mosotb aoAHHMaTb i^inu homemo aoxoa- 



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SEME^bHAfl TOPrOBU. 583 

BOCTH? TasHxi odiflCHenifi aHpKyjiBpyerB vh ujÓJitoA aobm^ho, h ecTb 
He M&vaH rpynaa jioAeft, ciuan^Hxcfl oopaB^uBaTb HenoM^psoe ao- 
poasame seMejE; ho csoiuo hh npHCsyniHBaTbCH bi noAoSBUM^ 
TomaMi — 6ouniBHCTBO uTb OKasuBaioTCfl iajuh nycTUMB ^^pasaMB, 
HJH TaBBMH BaTflHyTiniB coo6paaBeHÍflMB, BOTopufl HHCBOJLso ae 
yxo&ieTBopfliOTi cepbesBOJt dktjibboctb. yBasiiBaiorE, nes^y npo- 
^MWby 9T0 noBynn^BX^B) npiotfp^Taa semio, ujbBHVh ae OAfly tojisbo 
efl AOXOAHOCTB, HO fl B03M0SB0CTB BOJiyqBTB Jijfl ce6fl npmvby a 
Tasze coewHeHHHB cb seuejíbEuwh BjiSLj^niewb nojBíH^ecBÍfl npaBá, 
HanpHM^pi — npaBd yqacrifl wb seMCBOMi opeACTaBBTejbCTBi. IlycTb^ 
oxHaBo, dTHnpeAMeru jiiicTBHTejiBBO sasHu, — xotb MyApeBO opn- 
paBHHBaTb Bx^B vb onpeA&ieBBOMy sojB^ecTBy pyÓJefi bjb Aoay- 
CTHTby HTo6u pflAOBOĚ HOByun^BBi sepTBOBajiB aa BBXi Óojikmyio 
iiacTB CBoero ^oxo^a,— bo vbjkh oÓcroBTeibciBO 9to bbcbojibbo ho 
HOBO. CHhkBCfleBie roABJOcb 6ii, eeiBÓu OBBa^eBHue npiiorB b 
npasa ue npio6pÍTaj[BCb BiťbcTŠ cb seif jok) npesA^^ a erajiH npi- 
o6ptTaTbCfl TOJbBO Bi uocjAjkEee BpeMH, — oabbbo HH^ro noAo6Haro 
lArb. Bce bto coeAHBBJOCb ctb sexieBiax^BÍeBi b bb tffiuyio nopy 
6oj^ AemeBuxi noBynoBi h Biicmefi npBĎuJB, ciibAOBaTeibHO 

BnOJHi yHBTHBaJlOCb BX CTapUXl, MfeBbmHXl I^HaXB. FOBOpATB 

en^e, hto npioÓpiTarejib bm^bíb npBBBMaerb bi pasc^erb ae tojbbo 
flacTOUH^yfo AOxoAaocTb, ao a maacbi 6yAyn^aro ea apapoci^; 
ojIBaBO a dTO o6cTOflTejbCTBO 6biBajio aa jbi^o npa bc^xb npes- 
HHXX noKynsarB. Saa^eflie ero aacsouBO ae yBejaqajocb, a cbo- 
pie jífiLxe noBOJefiajocb, noTony hto b'b npesaee apoMB pocrb ao- 
xoAOBB B xjii^tfaiix^E uibB^ mejtb xotb paBaoirlpaže, ao ace bi 
OAHy CTopofly, B% noABeMy, cÓBBaflCb ci btofo nyia jamb aa bo- 
pOTKoe apeiífl, noA^ Bjiiffaieiirb bbabmuxi csyw&aocTeft yposaa, a 

(Tb BOCbMBAeCflTblXB TOAOBB B OCOÓeSflO Vb JlfiBňBOCTUXly OWb CftWb 

AaaaTb aayiBBTejibHiie npaHipu saxasBÓro perpecca noMHiio saBHCH- 
MOCTB on yposaeai, — crajodbiTb, eoaa ero apesaifi ^0By^B(BK^ pas- 
cvmiBaji^b Ha B0A'beM'b TOfi bjib Apyrofi MOAJieBaocxB, to auatai- 
HÍtt AOJxeBi npBflBMaTb bo BBBMaaie 66j[bmyK) BÍpoflTaocTb ae- 
BiiroABUX'b CBopapBSOBB, Aftse aeflcaaro fl,M aero npoacxoaBAeaifl. 

Bi BaqecTBŽ 6ojAe cepbesaaro ofiiBeaeaifl ne pasx hphboab^ 
jiocB coBepniBBmeecfl noaaaseBie aoxoahoctb npoaeaTBiix^b (Synarb 
fl BOo6fl](e yiieabnieHie npoaeaTa vb o(SiacTH BOXMep^ecsaro spe- 
ABTB. RoBBepcÍB, — roBopBAB, — yMeabmBJíB opasjíeBaTejbaocrb no*- 
M^tn^eaífl sanaTajOBB vb apoifeaTBua ÓyiiarB. KorAa nocj'lAHÍA 
npflBOCBjB 5 npoi^eflTOB%, BjaA^ei^^b Banarajia Morb AOBOJibCTBO- 
BaTbCfl CBOBiťb nojtoseaieMB; ao sorAa dxorb apoi^earb yn&sB 
AO 4V^j TO MHorie HaxoAflTb noAOÓHoe ycjioaie AJia ce(Ja HeauroA- 



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584 b^othhb:^ EBPonH. 

HHMly H eCTeCTBeDHO eiaSH HCKaiB APfrHX'B CD0C060BX noM^lii^eHifl, 

o&bmfijousfiTb cpaBHHTexBHO 65jbmyio npHfiiiiJib. IIpi noflBHBmeiícfl 
o6hjíh AeHerE npoaeHn crajTL Tose noHusaTscfi h bi HacTHuxx 

Bpe;i^THUXl CKbjl}t9,XT>, TBJVh ^TO nOHH^EieHie AOXOjlHOCTH ;(eHesHiix'B 

BaoHTaiOBi cjiikiíLJioch oómfoth BMernewL. Ob xasoH) Rpynaoio ne- 
peiťiHOK), — roBopHJH, — HejibSfl He cwTaTbca; Macca saaHTajiOB^ 
;(OjiaKHa 6um HSiitHHTb CBoe npesHee HasHaveHie h orb noRynicH 
tiyMarb h HacTHaro spexHTa o6paTHJiacb b% seiui, ycuMVh enpocB 
Ha Hee h doahabx ea ujkuj. IIojyveHie npesHHX'b uam npcuen- 
TOB'b Morjio 6£iTb BBiroAHte noMŠii^eHifl wh semiio, ho Kor;^ npH- 
mjocb BKiÓnpaTb iie»Ay Btiiwb íiocjAawsu% h nerupbMff npoqeH* 
TaMH, TOseHJifl CTaia BHTepecH^e. Dohatho, — roBopaTb, — qxo ecjw 
n^^Ha seMJH npej^cTaBJíaerb BanHTajiHsaqiH) ea aoxoxhocth, to cb 
ycraHOBHBHiHMCfl vh BBOHOMHqecsoit SH8HH H3iiÍHeHÍe]rb npoi^eHTa 
HeiíHHyeifo jífuimewb 6híJii> H8MÍHHTbCfl h cnoco6i BaoHTarasaipH, — 
T.-e., ecjH npeas^e saiiHTajiHSHpoBajiH ^oxo^HOCTb evb npoaeaTa 
6;iH3Baro bi oath, to hocji^ noHesenifl naxo yse saoHTajiH- 
SHpoBaTb H8i 60^1*66 HHSRaro, HanpHMtp^ — (SjESBaro bi 4Vo. Pe- 
syjbTaTi — BOSBumeHÍe BanHT&sbHofi seiiejbHofi ^bnUj crjasHBaia- 
n^ee KiiflBie yMeHbmeHHofi aoxoabocth. Rorxa npoi^eHrb no óyna- 
raiTb H CA'6iBaM'b noHHSHTca eo^e 6ojihme — cji^&Ayerb osaxaTb h 
AajibH'Jbfiinaro pocTa aoHejibHbixx uibwb. 

Taaoe TOjRosaHie, BOHenHo, npeAcraBJíflerb 6ojiboie diaroBH^- 
HOCTH, ^"6111 yaoMflHyTUfl BBíme, Taai Baa^b oho nojaraerb b& 
ocHOBanie A^oBofi paacqerb, h opHTOirb OTpei^aTb sHa^eflix xepsa- 
o^arocfl Ha opaBTHBÍ npoi^eHTa bo bcaromi cjiywi BeBOSMOSHO. 
Tbu% ne Meate, aHa.iH8'b ^^aiTOBi noBasiiBaerb, qTO Basi óu bh 
BjifljH BOHBepcÍH H BOjefiaHÍfl BOMMepHecBaro npooteHTa, ohh cao- 
cotfHKi HiťibTb 6ojie orpaHHfeHHoe, ^!bu'b nojaraiOTi, npaBTH^ecBoe 
dHa^enie h, ^0 BCflB0M'B cjyut, ho BicocTOflHÍH oCrbacHHTb Toro, 
mb opoHcxoAHJO H Teoepb npoBcxoxHrb. IIpejSAe Bcero cj^xyerb 
saMiTHTb, HTO ecjH cynKecTByeri saBHCHxocrb seifeibHOfi i^hh on 
nOHHseHÍH opoueHTa, to uemxj hhmh — ecjH fjbjío CToňrb Ha uoisíb 
pasc^eia — ^ojsna 6iiTb h BsatcTHafl copasii^HocTb. OfixflCfleHHoe 
Biime H8MÍHeHÍe cnoco6a BanHTaiHsaiUH, caMO no ce&b^ cnocoSno 
611J10 6u noxHflTb i^Hy ne 6ojiše, BaBi na naryH) hjih qerBepTyH) 
qacTb, nocji^ qero ara f^ina AOisna 6u npiocranoBHTbCH na ao- 
CTHrnyTOiTb ypoBH-i, a iiesAy t^h^ seiuiu xoposaia — aaa^ nosa- 
saJiH npHM^pii— ropasAO CHJthwbe. 6HCTp%e h Cesi BcaBOi ocra- 
hobbh. noBynn^HBH, HBÓiraBmie cÓasBA CBoero Aoxo^a ao ^^/o, 
HcaajiH 611 AOXOAHOCTH BO BCflBOiťb cjiyqai ho heso btofo nocrbj(- 
Bflro npoi^eHTa, o^naao ea jíikvb seMe^ibnaa ^oxo^nocrb jiib^tl sna- 



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3EM£JbHAA TOPrOBJIfl. 585 

HMTejibHO MéHbme aa yiuaHHBaenEiii sa eee yBaiHqeHHua cyiiuu^ 
a nepesyini^HBH ne saipy^efliOTCH bath emfi Ba AajibHifiinee yjieRb* 
meme xozoAa cb sarpausaeiiaro KaoHTajia, TaR'b qTO nosynaerea 
HOBafl sara^Ra: RasHirb oÓpasoHx pasc^eTJiBBue jioah, xflrorflcb 
fi6A0CTaT0^B0CTbK) BnoiH^ oCesneieHBaro é-xi-npoueHTHaro Aoxoxa, 
oxoTHO npexno^iBTaiOTb eiiy seMejbBHfi S-x^b-npoqeHTHufi bjia ^axe 
jieflbnii&, ffiL eqe ee BtpHuft, a coexBBeHBHfi cb pacROM^ pasBO- 
oCpaBBHXi xodflficTBeflBuxi cjry^afifloCT^? OrRy^a BOSBBRaen xa- 
safl HyApeBaa MaTeMaTB^ecBafl JS0JĚ6íiEB,u\a: 4 < 3 bjb 2? 

Ho en^e CBJbBMmee Bospaseflie BCipi^aercfl vb tomi, ito h 
ooBRxeBÍe npoi^eBTa, b o0BJiie ABnen, otoqiib yse 6% o6jiacTb npo- 
mjaro. QeTupexnpoieBTBHX^b safiMOB^b yse sirb, a qeiuxnpoi^eflTflHfl 
ÓyMarfl ynajiR BB»e pari HacTOJibRO, qro, noRynaa bxi, hosbo no- 
irbnuiTb RanBTai'B sBa^BxejibBO BoroAfl^e, niwb npejc;^e. 06paTfloe 
Te^esie en^e ?yBCTBBTejibB'6e caasmaeTCfl bi BpoMuinjieBBOfi b 
somep^ecRofi sbbbb. ^aBBO yse cJnimaTCfl 7rsljio6u Ba Be- 
AOcraTORTb AGBerb x^a cepbesBHXi Bys^i, aa TpyABOCTb ao6ii- 
BaBÍfl Bxi, Ba CBJíbBoe noBiimeBÍe saeiiBaro opoi^eBia b aa to, 
^TO BBor^a BeabBB AOcraTb Aeaei^b, A&se sa BucoRÍfi npoqearb. 
GďOBOiťb, vb 8R0B0MB<iecR0& SR3HB flBHJiocb B Bpo^ojisaerb pasBB- 
BaTbCB B^qTO coBepmeBBO npoTBBonojoxBoe TOHy, ttó 6ujío en^e 
HejiaBBO. Gs^AOBaTeibBO, crbn aa bohbí pasĎapaeMaro TOJiROBaBia, 
Baxo 6h saRJiiDUTb o Bajfl^BOCta A^flTejibBHXx apa^aai, ae ao- 
BumaiOB^BXi, a aoBasaioa^ax^ BeMeibaun nibsu. O^aaRO^ aa^ero 
dToro bítb: Aopojiaaie seaejib B^er^ ao apesaeMy, ae aoA?flflflflCb 
BOBBifx ycJOBÍflirby ao coBepmafl ^yTb jb ae ea^e 6QJiie ptode 
CRauá Baepexi. GapamBBaeTCfl aocji'1 btofo — hosbo jb c^axaTb 
KOBBepcia B BOflBseBie ROMMepqecRaro apoi^eaia apanaaoK) Toro, 
^rd Bj^erb b% oabohi b tomi se aaapaBJfeaia BaR^b apa yaajpc^ 
npoi^eaTa, TaR^aapa aoBbrmeaiB ero, — Rasi apa o6bjíb A^aerb, 
Tasí B apa aeA0CTaTR'& axi? He apaBBJíbaše jb caasaTb, "ito 
eeiB ROjetiaaifl dToro apoi^eara b CRasuB&iacb b% seiiejniBiixi qt- 
Barb, TO aacTOJbRO orpaaBqeaao, ito BjiBaie axi Toayjo vb 
iiaceb A^CTBÍfl fiojíe CBJbHuxi apa^aao^? 

TaRse BBCROJbRO ae y^OBjeTBopaioTi cooópaaceaia otii o5pa- 
B^eaiB aa seiiejbabifl aoRyaRB RaaBTajOBi, ocBo6oABBaiBxcfl asi 
nBTefiaaro A^a, sej^ACTBie aBe^eaúi BBaaofi mobobojír. Bt^t a 
ocBoOosAeaaue BaaBTaju ae ópocaioTCfl spa, a aoM^a^aiOTca c% 
pascHeroH^b, — cjtAOBBTejbao, oabo ocBotfosA^aie ae b% cocToaaifl 
o6iacBBTb, orqero npeAaoHTeaie OT^aeTca aojy^eaiK) OT^b seMjni 
MéBbBiaro AOxoAa, ibu% aaRofi moirbo aojyqaTb apa canoifb aa- 
xeaBBOMi noM^a^eBÍE RaaRTaaa, (5e3i pacRa a xjoaoTx. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



586 BMTHHS'b KBPOIIU. 

FoBopflTb en^e, hto zbmjia BOo6a;e xo^sea Aopojutxb cb Teve- 
Hiem BpeMcHH ovb npHpocra HaceaeHÍií h yaeiflqHBaio^^ca rbo 
Honi. ^a, dTO coBepmeHHO b^ho, xarb sasi npH uOMfiÓBurh 
YCJOBisTh Bi» oóuieň nacci seMejBearo opoxyKTa BospocraerB aojul 
„peHTu" sa CHevb npo^Hxi aieiieHTOBi. ToibBo Beju»8fl ynycsaTb 
H8i^ BHAa, OTO npHpoCTi HaceieHÍfl coBepmaexcfl Me^jeHeo, nocre- 
oeBHO, 6eai pissaxi CRavsoBi, Tor^a saicB HUBimaifi tokb se- 
iiejibREixi i^^B^b npeACTaBJuerb cobcími npOTHSHoe h oÓ^acHeek 
Tpedyerb HMeauo Sucmpoma dopooicaHÍHj T.-e. CliAyH)H^e oji^vh sa 
ApyrHM'b xpynaue CRauH. SHaqHTB, h oóu^safl Ten^eBUfa uíkwb bi 
noA'BeMy oqesb He^ocTaTO^fla j^mr o&bSLCBeBÍi. 



UTaKi, pascjfOTp^HÍe Bciz^b npHBeA^HUixi ape;inoioseHÍt 
ocTaBJflerb xbjío neňcnuwb. npoTHBi» Ka»AOtt ysasuBaeMofi npu9BHii 
BOSDBBaiorb o^eHb B^bcsúsL BOBpaseHÍB. 9tó se xonycxHTb eo^e? 
Hs^b Toro, HTb ciumHTCfl orb M'bcTHux'b HafijuoxaTejiefi a Bootín^e 
joojífiij CBOibBO-HHóyAb saAyMUBaiootHXCfl aa^i A&HHbUfi BoapocoMi, 
ocraeTCfl HenHoroe, HiieHEO — Bjlasie 6aBR0Bi h RpecTbaHeau 
noByoRB. 

Kasi seiíJii ee Aoposaxb^ — roBOparb,— sorAa canH (anra i^ 
HflTb ee Bce Bume h Bume? PasB^ Moryrb ocTaBaTbca Óesi BjiaHÍB 
rb ufbBUy Basifl ]s»x>Tb sa Hee specTbane? QycTb xoxoAHOcrb s^uh 
H DJioxa, HO Basi TOJibBo cylAecTByen nacca fotobhxi niaTHTb 
sa Hee on qácy Aopose — o6o^fi noxibeMi híbi^ HeHsO&Ken^ 
oco6eHHO Bor^a noBynnaa onepaqifl npH noMon^H BpecTbaHCBaro 
6aHBa pacmapaeTCfl Cucrpo h teeBi aporpeccHBHO yBeiH^HBaen 
CBOH noAecflTHHHbifl ccyAu. HaJH^HOCTb Ha seiieibHOMi puHBi^ th- 
Boro TapoBaTaro, n^OAparo noByoniiHBa h Bpe^HTopa ne Moa&era Be 
Hjfbxb p'6maioii^aro B^iaBÍfl Ha a^jio. Bi BHxy ero, Bazs^uft npo- 
AaBeiťb sanpaniHBaeTb Óojibme u 6ojbme, fiyxyu bi cBoeirB pas- 
CHerb npaBx: ecjH Apyne ne A&AyTi Tpe6yeM0& i^hu, to spe- 
CTbflHe AaAyTi. — Qpn Bas^OMi cepbesHom pasroBopi o AaHHOirb 
HpeAMerb, ccujisa Ha BpecTbflui h 6aHBH ABJífleTCfl oahoh) Hs^b 
nepBuxi. 

BOTb lyrb MEI T09H0 HOAXOAHMl Bl A^ttCTBBTeJbHOfi HpHqflai. 

niHpoBÍfl onepaipH ^BopaHCBaro h BpecTbHHCBaro ÓaHBOBi, pac- 
npocTpaHflflCb Ha orpoMnyio naccy seiiejib pasjíHqHuxi idcTHOcrefi 
H pyBOBOAflCb BosBEimeHHUMH oi^ÍHBaMH, bhojihí cnoco6Hu nox- 
HHMaTb oónufi yposeHb i^hi, h xaBoio npHqBHOio yse (5e8i rpy^a 
oÓiflCHfliOTCH flBJíeHifl, Basyn^ÍHCfl cb nepearo BsrjiiAa saraAOHHHiiH. 
EcJH ABopflHCBÍá óauB^b, BbiAftBi ÓojL^e nojjMHMÍapxa pytfjefi h 



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SEMEiíbHAfl TOPrORIfl. 587 

KpaHoe CHHCX0ABTe2rt>H0 OTHocflCb K% HeBanocy saeMo^HRaMH resy- 
mjŘXi> ojaTeiKefi, }í.Hevb emfi, nyreií^ nepeoi^ŠHom, BpynHHfl xo- 
nojiHBTeibfiUfl ccyAU, to (m% ýaKTH^ecBH OTBpuBaerB bosmoshoctb, 
Be ojiaTJi, padc^HTusaTb ea hobbh nojiy^eBÍH, b aoAo5Hoe nojoxce- 
BÍe, KOfle^Bo, npBAaeTi& iĚU^EÍňMT> AO^aBo^nyio otneoci^, no^^spaB* 
BeS wbpi. Ba B<]^BOTopoe Bpeiia. Ho en^e 6ojťbe Bmrejiefli b% 

BTOMl OTBOmeflÍB 6aBBl BpeCTbflQCBÍ&, TaBl Basi OHI npflMO 

ycTpoBBaerb „noBynsB^ h, hsi roAy bi roA'B pacmapAH ccyAHHfl 
onepauÍH npB TaBom me BOBBEimeHÍH oq^HOB^b) eo^e cani Aoporo 
BOBynaerb hmíbúi sa co6cTBeBBiiĚ BanHTájrb. 

3a nepBUfl naToaffiaTb jtbvh CBoero eyo^ecTBOBaHifl, specTban- 
CBÍfi 6aBK% Bu^ajii bi ccjh,u sa nosyiiBy seMejb 110 MHXiioHOB'b 
pytfxefi, 9TÓ Bi cpexHeMi biiboa*]^ cocTaB^raerb HeMBOro 6oji^ 7 
BBiJiiOHOBi Ba TOAT>. Ho Ch 1897 roAa mapoTa BTOfi onepaqÍH 
BApyn^ BOBI j a TaBBm ycBJíeuHiiafb xoxomi, BaKoro npes^e se 
6iiBaJ0 B sasoft eoi^e ycRopaercH nporpeccBBBo. Bx oabomi aTOMi 
ro^ ceyx^ Bu^ano Óujio Ha 20.895.000 py6«iefi, bi cj[ÍAyH)u^6M^ 
—Ba 36.473.000 pyó., bi 1899 r.— yae 44.569.000 py6. h vb 
1900 r. — 53.515.000 py(5. TaBHMi otfpaaoMi, vb rpB TOJibBO 
BOCT^ABÍe roAa bua&ho (fojibme, ifbii% b% npe;iqneeTByK)n]lie hat- 
HayímaTb, B pasHaxx eni(e ycBJíHBaeTca. Ilpn noMon^B 6aHBa, deuJiB 
B;q>yrb o6paTHjacb wb Tasofi xo^sifi TOBapi, sa BOTopsfi wh nopy 
TDproBoft ropflHBH HJiaTflirb tfes^ orjfl;^, BŠpya B^b A&^i>Htfiinee 
Aoposanie. 

3a cBOfi co(k;TBeHHiifi BansTajii RpecTbaneBifi 6aBBrb HaByoBirb 
seiiejb Wh 1896 ro^y Ba 4 MHJiJiioHa, bi 1897 r. — na 5Vs mhjji., 
Vb 1898 r. — cJiBmBOM'b ua 6 mbjiji., bt> 1899 r. — 6ojibe n^u% sa 
4 MBJíJi. B Bi 1900 r. — na 6 ubm. pyfijefi; Aa &n^e paHbme hmi 
6ujiOy Wh BHx^ HS^flTÍg, RyoieHO na 1 V^ MouiioBa. Ho ropasAO ae- 
yca^ioH<le H^erb tíiuTh dTHXi senaib specTbanaM^b. Tasí, BTb 
1898 roxy, Bor^a y 6aHBa y»e HaBonjieHO 6biJio seiuiH na 10 
VBJjiioHOBS, OBI npH HOBOfi 6-MHJiďiOBHOfi noBynB']^ YCU!bjn> npo- 
ffi,rb TOJbBO Ba 4 Mejuiiona (b npHTOJfb ne o^hhmi BpecTbBHaMi, 
HO B nocTopoBHBirb j[H)AHirb). JÍBnib lyb 1899 roxy apo^asa npe- 
BUCBJía noByoBB na mhjuíohi, ho B^b BOHi^y axoro ro^a m% oón^efi 
MaccH cx^kiaHáHxi iipesAe npío6p£TeHÍft na 21.312.000 py6;iefi 
octaBaiocb flecňHTHxi na 9.913.000 pyfíjieft. A bx 1900 ro^^y 
BpOAaHO 611J10 Ha 5*/^ MHJi;rioHOBi, T.-e. onaib iienboie, niwb 
BynjeHO, h B'Bo6n^eBrb pesyjibTaT^ budijio, ?to, sa Bce BpeMa no- 
sy HBOft o^epa^iH Óansa, syn^eno na 277^ mbjjiíohobi, a npo- 
xaBO Ha 16 MBjj[ioBOB'B, T.-e. ocrajocb necÓaTofi senjiH cjihhi- 
BoiťB na 11 MBJíJÍoHOBi. TaBHiTb oCpasoMi, OaHKi nocTOflHHO no- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



588 BfiCTHBKl BBPOim. 

BynaeTB ÓOJihmej ifbwb B^t coctoahíh góutb, hah bi aasoiueHÍH) 
ocTaioiííHxcfl sa hhi^b seiiasB. QpHMiiaa me bo BHHMaHie^ ^to sea* 
TOTejBHaH 9acTB npioÓpšxaeMoK Ha specTbAHcsiK BansTaii seiuH 
eaie AOcraeiCH ee BpecTbAHaMi, dprsoartca aai(JiD*iffr&9 ^to okoio 
naiOBHBH BC^xi npio5pÍTeHÍtt ne H^^erB ch pys^b no aassaieHÍK), 
cjitysa A^H OQEiTOBi ÓaHBQBaro xosaficTBa h, qacTbH), js^m yexpoficTBa 
qysHx-B HHxepecoBi. 

Pa3M'lp:b noAecflTHHHiiz'B ccyA'B uijifiBWh sa rbwh pocToirb 
npoAamHuxi 1^'Ih'b, o KOiopojá^b o6iHCHfljiocB Bume, Kasx aro no- 
BasuBaiorB npoi^eHTHBifl OTHomeHia cey^^ si npo^^asHuiTB cyímaM. 
Bi 1897 — 1900 ro^axi ccy;íM, bi» cpe^HeMt bhboa*, cocTaBjBJH 
OTb 79 AO 82 npoi^eHTOBi ivShh, T.-e. no^TH to ae, hto h b% 
nepBiie roxu ^arejibHocTH 6aHKa. SaaqHTb, noAecHTHHHsifl ccy;pi 
yBasRqHBajiHCb ne otb Gójibinaro oOjer^eHÍa noBynn^esoBi^ b% ynia- 
Tax']b, a OTB ycMeHÍfl TepnHMOCTH k% apo^asHiíMi i](ŠHairB. 

He MyApeHO, ^to Bor^a aa senejiBHufl puHORi bbixoahitb Ta- 
poBaTufi H c% ÓojBniaMH cpe^CTBaMa noKyaaiHEi, roTOBufi aoRynaTb 
aa 60 MRJi.iioBOB'B bi roA'B, JierRO yctynaionáfi aaTHCBy saupocoai 
Bx JsjbEi a Bx CBoax^B apexiíoseaiaxi ae cMya^aEonpttca 6ucTpoTOH) 
noBEimeBÍfl tbjcbxi sanpocoBi, to ero Bjíflaie aa i^šau Bcero mo- 
rya^ecTBeaB^e a cjysaTi aaaóoiie ocaoBaTejBHiiifB o6xflCHeaieirB 
Ha5jH)AaeMaro Aoposaaifl. Ecia o^Hony apo^aai^y y^aJioob bsatb 
8a soMjno npeyeejiHqeHHyio líiay, to Apyroft, aa^a bto, ecTecTBenao 
nHTaeicfl sanpocaTB eme 65jBmyH), a Kor^a TapoaaTOCTB nH^crb a 
8Ty nocj['6AHiOH), TO MOTBBEi sanpoca BAyTB Aft^Bme a A&^nie. 
KojB CBopo npocToe ycajeaie sanpocoai npaaaMaiorB sa Aosasa- 
TejiBCTBO ecTecTBeaaaro Aoposaaia seMJia a c^aTaioTCfl cb bhitb 
vh Bafli ycTyaoBi — BeaejřBaafl ToproB,ui MoaerB ^oxo^aTB flo cbo- 
ero poAa ropfl«iBa a CTaxB noapan^eifi mapoBOfi cneByjuiiÚB. 3a- 
MiiaT&sBao, HTO pisBoe pacmapeaie fiaasoBuxx o^epa^ifi cosep- 
majiocB Bi TŠ caM£ie ^OTupe ro^a, OTaocarejiBao botophx'b orqerB 
6aBRa CBBA^TejiBCTByeTi o BOspocTaBia i^íax. TyrB Bnojia^b cxa- 
aoBRTCfl oóxflcaaMBiHx a Tasoe aBJíeaie, aaKi nepeapo^aaia o^HOfi 
a T0& se BeMja h'Icboj!ibbo paa^B bx re^eHie ro^a no BOSBiimaa)- 
u^BMCfl u!bnB,uT>. nepBiifi upOAaBei^x aaxojiBTx flOCTaTO^ao Burox- 
BBiiťB OTxaTB CBOK) seujifo sa TaByio-TO uíbny] noRynn^asx pasc^a- 
TUBaers nepenpoAaTB ee ceitqacx ise en^e ^opose; a ci%AyH>npfi 
sa HBMX noBynn^aai aaA^eTCfl, tto BpecTBaae AaxyTx eny ^i^e 
ÓOJibme. HaBoay TyrB airB A^jia jio floxo^aocTa, aasABifi aopo- 
BBTx cxaaTBTB uepenpoflasayH) pasaai^y, — cjiobomx, npoacxoAarB 
TO sae, HTb ae^aBao jiibjíeuioch aa 6aps'6 ch ÓyMasauMa i^^aaocTEMa, 
BpeMeaaBie BJiaA'IJBi^Bi aoTopuxx, ae Ba^aBaflCB BonpocaMa o cyxB6i 



Digitized by 



Goqglí 



dEMEJBBAfl TOProaiA. 589 

npeAcraMfleiíiirB hmh npeAnpiflxifi, HBť&iH bi bhaj oarkl bhfoa- 

HUft cCilTB. ECIH H ^aCTHIie SeMaibHUe fiaSSE OCHOBHBaiOTCA Ha 

TaBBX^b HCRyccTBeHflBixi i]lÍHax'B, TO OHH, noA^HHflflCB Bs^yTÍK) no- 
cjiŤXHBrBy eoAMcTByioTi eiiy fb cbok) o^epexB. Gjiobomx, oahh 
orjflAUBiWTCfl Ba ApyrHX^9 ccujaioTCfl xpyn aa Apyra, a bc^ 

BJť&Cri C^HTaiOTCfl CB COCCTBeHHHlťB coB^aHÍeirb. 



ffl. 

Cra^io 611TB, npex^ HaiiH necoMd^HHiifi paspuBi cbash neasAy 
AOXOAHOCTBH) seMJH H efl i^HGK). Bm^cto AOXOAa, i^tfla peryjiH- 
pyercs saxes^aMH h Me^xaMH cneKyjfliuH. Ho paspuBi aroPB 
ffimaercfl nacroJiBBO npoxHBHiiMi npHpoA^ Ben^efi, hto npH bha6 
ero HeHsÓ&KHO BOSHERasoirB Bonpocu: MOsen jih ohi nowepauL- 
BaTBCfl 6e8rB pHCBa Aoporofi , pacnjaTu, b BasHHH i^šjamh eoocoÓHa 
pyKOBOAHT&cfl ero ooxA^pxBa? Kone^HO, (liaronpíflTCTBOBaHie ho- 
ooM^BOMy AOposaBÍK) seiuiH MOserB 6urh ď&ACTBÍeMi npocroň 
éiiHBopyBOCTHy H']^maiDH^efi bha'í^tb rjLyCase noBepxHOCTH AKieHiň, 
AOBCBHBaTBCfl Hxi BopeHHux'B npB^BH^B H sBOHAUBaTB Bi 6yAyn;ee 
xaxBine sasipamHaro ahb; bo oho Moseri^ 6£itb pyBOBOAHVo TaBse 

60JFbe COBHaTeJBHUMfl C006paseHÍfllCB, CB TO^BH 3p'ÍHÍfl BOTOpHXX 

AO^yI^eHie KpynBOĚ HenopnajiBHOCTfl OBysaeicfl npio6p^TeHÍeiťB 
6Qiše BasBsx^B BBiroA'B. PaByM^eTCfl, oasBufi BHiepeci MoryrB 
npeAcraBJíBTB 3tb iíocjAhbíh coo6paseBÍfl, h noroMy hbao noHCBaTs, 
vh jMtSTB^ecKQMi líaTepiafli, paffBflCBeBÍŘ — npBBOCHirB jib coA^kcTBÍe 
noBHmeHiio i^^^bi noAofiHHfl sbitoau? 

KpynHOCTB GaHBOBHxi BeMejiBBiixi o^epa^ifi jifieTh hmi, — 
Rasi 6ujio yse paHBme CRasano, — Moryn^ecTBeHHoe Bjikme aa 
^teEl, HO nojBaoBanie btevi, RiiflHÍeM'B MOserB 6iitb paBjnqHO. 
MosHO CAepsBBaxB u^buu bb npeA'6Jiaxi Heo6xoAHMOfi ocropos- 
BOCTH fl MOSHO pacoycBaTB Bxi 6e8x orjHARH, HanoMHHaa rbn^b 
pacnyoteHie napycoB^B bo Bpenfl 6ypH. RaKi hh cepBesHO SHa^eHÍe 
BcnoMon^ecTByeMaro ÓasBoiix specTBAHCBaro cnpoca na seMjiH), ho 
ecju 6aHSi cxporo npHAepsHBaexcH coA^ficrBm tojibbo bhtoaheim^l 
A^fl noBynn^BXOKB CA&iBaMx, ne AonycBaa p^ssaro npeyBesHqenia 
jsjbB^j TO OHI HeHBHyeMO orpaHH^HBaerB CHjiy sanpocoBi. Gaira 
^pecTBHBe ne tojbeo ne bi coctohhíh na coÓCTBenHUfl cpeACTsa 
ooBepmaTB Maccy AoporHxi Hpio($pÍTeHÍfi, ho OAsa sa h nonuiH 6u 
fla cjiHniBOMi AoporiH ca&ibh, pasc^BTUBaflCb cbohmh A^fiBraicH, a 
npB 6aHB0B0ft pacnjax^, nocji']^ACTBÍfl soTopoK a^b bhxx hbcto 
Aase HeflCBH, aíji9. noAOÓHaro poAa ycTpoHBaH)TCfl ropaaAO Jiene. 

Towb y.— Okthbpb, 1902. 88/11 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



590 raoTHHBi EBP(mii. 

CjiJ&AOBaTejbHo peryjiHpoBaHÍe ísíbwh saBHCHrB oo^h HcuH)'iHTejibHO 
on 6aHRa. IIpH ocToposHOCTH nocjri^ABflro, soHe^HO, qacTb cx^obi 
Morjia 6u ne cocTOATLca, ho sto f& nacc^ cJiy^aeBi eABa jih h 
Óujío 6ei HacTOfln^eK) noTepeio, noTOiiy hto sas^afl oópeMeHHxen- 
aafl CA'&JRa sasjDoqaerE bi ce6£ onacHHfi aapoxunrb necocroflTejib- 
hocth: noBynniiHRH jiHmaiOTCfl Bcefi BuroxHOCTH nosynRH h hox- 
BopraioTCfl fioJbmoMy pHCKy npHHyAHxejiBHoft npoAasH BeiuH sa 
HeAOHMBH, TepHfl Bi> uocjrb^uewb cji^hbA h noHeceanufl na noxynsy 
saTpaTu. PascTpoftcTBO xaBHXi ca^obi qan^e Bcero óujio 6u Taibso 
4)hbthbhok) noTepeiOy ho cAepswaionJiee pysoBo^CTBO 6aHBa hojio- 
2SHJ0 6u u^aaM^ ÓJiHSBÍfi Bi^ecTecTBeHHOtfy npeA'i^Jrby oxpanHBi 

AMCTBHTeJbHUfl nOJIbSIil vbTh OOByOHtHBOBX, BOTOpiIM^b (aHBI^ BO- 

Aaerb ccy^Q, h orpaAHB'b Óy^yn^Hxx noBynn^HBOBrb orb Henoir6pHoft 
TpefioBaxejibuocTH o6j[aAaEon^HX'b CHJibHiíMH annerBTaiiH npoxwAOBib) 
Tasí Basi y arHx^b hocjiíahhxi ynaia Óu yB^poBHOcrb B^b 6yAy- 
jBfiWh npeyBejrH^eHÍH i^hx. Ecjih <$ii. ucjio nOBynoBi bhhuo h 
MeHbmee, to oh']^ 6iijih 6u HopnajibHte, BuroAH^e h npo^Hte, — 
OToajiH 6u TOJibBO y6biT0iHbifl. Kp0M'i TOTO, ecTb eniie oenoBaHÍe 
nojiáraTb, hto jifiMe yMeHbmeHie racienHocTH ca&iobi ne osasa- 
jocb 6u cJiHHiBOMx sHaHHTejbHbiirb, Tasí Basi oqenb MHorie hbi 
c6iiBniHxi Tenepb sejujno A^poro, npn eepbesBofi ÓanBOBOtt bphthbí 
lajbwbj TOJibBO no^epsajiHCb 6hi n^bsoTopoe BpeMB h sarbm apo- 
xaiH 6u 8a 6oj£e HopMajbHyio i^ny, ne co^jiasHflji h eoci^^eĚ 
ycn^xoM^b CBOHXi sanpocoBi. fii^ Apyrax^b noBynn^BsoBi, pasc^H- 
TbiBaionuixi HO na specTbAHi, a na coÓCTBeHHoe xoaflficTBO, Be 
axTH-BBBi Mfloro, a TapoBaT£ix% emfi Meubme. TasoBs CBottcTBa 
CAepa^HHOCTH. IIocjÍACTBÍfl se pacnyn^eHHOCTH ujbEi* npHXOAHTCi 
Ha6jiEDAaTb Tenepb na npaBTHBt. 9t6 Hiíenno nojesnaro npHHO- 

CflTb OHH? 

CaMbiMi BUAaiontHMCH npeHiíyniiecTBOiťb OanBOBHx^b onepaiufi 
nocj['6AHHro BpeMeaM BBjfleTCfl yBejHnesie sojB^ecTBa seiuH, nepe- 
xoABH^efi B^b BpecTbflHCBÍfl pysH. TasHx^b pasMŠpoB^b nepexoAa jid^ft- 
CTBHTej[bH0 npesAe ne óubsljiOj h ohi Bceiir&no mosotx 6biTb no- 
CTaBJíeHi na cnerb CHHCxoAHTejibHOCTH s^b i^'6Hairb. He sa^^&iťb 
HCBaib A^B aero MyApeHuxi od^bACHOBiň, bi poA^ nepenŠHu 6aH- 
KOBaro ycTBBa, yjiyqnieHifl BHyTpeHHett opraHHsaiÚH, ycsopenifl 
A^JonpoHSBOACTBa H T. n., Bor^a Bce ropasAO npon^e h ecTecTBen- 
wbe o6%flCHHeTCfl oahhmi noBumeHieiii ou'6BOB'b. DpeAJOSHTe seiue- 
BJiaA'&ibi^y caMyio HacTOHn^yio, jífiLxe H^CBOJbBO yBejHíenHyio ctoh- 
MOCTb ero hm'6híb — ohi, ecsH noqeMy-j[H6o aoposhtb cbohmi bjb- 
A^HÍOMi, oTBaseTCfl OTb npoAaxH, ho npeAJ03KHTe ABOfiayH) uiny 
— OH^b 6ojibmeiO nacrbio co6jia3HHTCfl h npoAacrb. IIoBUCbTe ujbuY 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



SEMEJIbHAfl TOPrOBJfl. 591 

en^e-^H BafixyTCfl HOBue npc^asipi. DpECJiymafiTecb b'b rojocaBťs 
H3^ npoBHHiaHj, H BII ycjTumHTe, KERt HHoríe noMia^HBH MeHiaiorB 
o npoAas'6 cbohxi Rir6HÍ& ÓaeRy, HaxoAfl, ^to hhsto bhoA ee 
^aerB TaBHxi> „xopomnxi* ickni^ h CBOibBO hxi ssajyeTCfl ea 
HeyxaHH kb dwwb OTHOmeHÍH, TOjEyfl no oÓunasOj 6ym,to h ji^jth 
npo^^asH HysHa ocoóafl npareBi^ífl. BejHB^b co(Sjra3H'B i^h^b, a yco- 
BepmeHCTByfi 6aHB'B cboio opraHH3a^iIO ao caMOfi bhcoboS creneoH, 
BO 6yjíjb cxepsaHi b% i^easi — xasoro pasBHTÍfl onepapitt ee 6y- 
^er^. CjyxHTb jth, OAsaso, pocrL aTH^B onepai^itt AOCTaT0?H£iM'b 
onpaBAaHieiTB HaiHmHeB TapoBaiocTH? 

Bfbrbj owb AueBO ne yfi&BxaeTB, qTO hosho nOBiímaib njbuu 
6eai> ooH^BH, 1T0 btb dnowb HafiAeH'b cesperB ^'ificTBHTejiBHO ojoao- 
TEopH»o yBeiH^eHÍfl BpecTBflHCBaro seMjeBjrax^HiH h upejijbjrb Óes- 
onacHurB noBynoB'B ee nepexo^HTCfl npe AOCTHsemH paspuea 

MeSAT XOXOAOITB H I^HOIO. PoCTy BpeCTBflHCBHXl UOBynOBl MOSUO 

6u OTB BceB jkjmE nopa^OBarbOB, ecJiHÓsi owh coBepmajrcfl no ;r6fi- 
CTBBTaiBBO • HopMajiBHiiM'B i^HaifB (BOHe^HO, npH noAXo^fl^eiTB co- 
crasi noByím^HBOBi), ho oh!b noJiy^aerB AaJiOBO ne to sHa^eme^ 
Bor^a npioÓp^TaeTCfl cpe^^cTBOiTB, napajnisyioatHMi caMyH) bufoa- 
BOCTB noBynoBi. %o ca&iobi coBepmaercfl „waíOM'B no6oj6e" — 
BOBHarpasAft^TCfl Tbu%y ^T0 oh% BaTOCXBOirB noxyase. B^bjífi bccb 
HHTepeci yB&iH^eHÍfl BpecTBAHCBaro 3eMjeBjaA'&HÍfl coctohtb vb 
lowhy qT0<5H BpecTBBHe, 06pa60TBiBafl 6o3hmee BOJH^ecxBo ne o6pe- 
xenesHoB HenocHiiBHO luaTesaMU coÓCTBeHHOfi seuMj nojiyqajiH ot- 
Toro Bi sa^ecTB^ xosAeBi 6djBniifl Biiropi, HaxoxflCB wh MeHBmeft 
saBHCHMOCTH OTB cjiy^afiHOCTefi CTopoHHflTo 3apa6oTBa. Ho BpynHoe 
BOSBumeHÍe njbwh, Tpefiya otb noByniiiHBOBi HSJíHniHHxi sepTB^B^ 
HCTepimBaerB hmobho bch) B£iro;i(HOCTB npio6p%TeHÍfl h cnocoÓHO 

npHHOCHTB HMl AOOaBO^HHH nOTOpE, XaBl HTO HHUfl nOByilBH 

nosynaiorB xapaBTepi A&HaĚCBHxi AapoBi. Hysna 6ojBinaH ee- 
;(orjflABa js^e ynyu^eHÍfl hsx BHAy ctojb BOpeneoro oÓCTOBias^- 
CTBa, H Ha^o npoHHBaTB o^eHB He^ajOBo wb óy^yo^ee, <ito6u bh- 
X^TB yčn%x'B A&ia tojibbo bi CBopMmefi CBynBl bosmo^cho 65jb- 
mefi Maccu seMejiB, ne sa^yMEiBaflCB ea^i tšitb, ^t5 HneHHo beiA- 
AerB na jííkjA hs^b sthxi nosynoBi, yi^'&i^H)rB jle 00*]^ h npHHe- 
cyrB JH BaByio-HHÓy;^ noJTBsy uoByniii;HBaM'B. BasHO vbji,h ne qacjo 
KOHtím 6u mo Hu 6u40 npioÓpÍTeHÍň, — BaBÍfl, MomerB 6htb, eme 
nofiAyTB Ha ayBi]iioH'B, — a ^acso (l^aBTH^ecBH ydepotcaunuM^ BuroA- 
HBixi noBynoBx; ho npH cjihhibomi Aoporaxx h Henpo^Híixx — nofl- 
py6aeTCfl BopeHB BceK I^í^hhocth oBasuBaevofi BpecTBflHaM'B no- 
Mon^. ^t5 jryqme — ycrpoHTB MenBnie noBynoBi, ho BíiroflHHXib, 

nOJEiedHHXl H npOTOBIXl, HJIH TOpOOIHBO COBepmHTB HXl óojBmyio 

39* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



592 BMTHmrB ebpoqh. 

Maccy, HO y6uT0^Htir&, SHa^HTCJíMafl qacTb soTopiixo^ o&binBeTh 
CBopo pasBSUiHTBCfl? Otb^toitb Tyvh Moasers cjysHTb nofOBopsa: 
:iy^me MaieHBBaH pu^sa, ^wh 6ojEBinofi rapaRaHi. Me»x7 Tiiťb^ 
jierKOCTb Aonyn^eHÍfl bucoshxi i^itb, QOAHHMafl o6mf& ypoBeHB hxb^ 
oopTErrB Ra^ecTBo ee toibbo AOCTHraeicaro HaCtinsa ca'&iob'b, ho h 
Toro HeHBmHHCTBa hx^b, KOTopoe npH CAopsaneocTH mofjo (Sh co* 
CTOflTECfl Ha ropas^^o Jiy^nraxi ycjOBiim. 

CípeiLieHÍe AOcraBETB BpecTBflHaMi sasB mosho (k)AmyH) nj<K 
maAB Bj[aA'i&HÍfl, 6e8i saóotii o q^ei, A^aeTB cpeACTBO Aopose 
i^H H 3THMI OTqacTH HaooMHHaerB rb ÓJiarífl HaiiipeHifl, m«»i™ 
BííMao^HBaeTCfl a^^B. JKejafl ne orciaTB otl pocra i^^h^b, 6aHBx, — 
jsojih CBopo dTOTB pocTB eit) se coexame, — i^h ne MpenEVEem^ 
nOTOMy qTO ero ycTynqHBOCTB nopoasAaerB Aaunibftmie sanpocH. 
Hnané csasarB, owb roHHTCfl sa co6cTBeHHOio t&hbk)^ yca&ía b%. 

RBWb HHBTO He AOCTHTaJI^B. T^B He n0fiMa6TCfl, a SaÍTH npH BTOITB 

mosho Aajreso. OdpeneHHTejiBHafl noBynRa~-TO se, ht5 BajsaTtift 
jhmohi h;[h op'ix'B (^es-B sepna. Cobtb h 3epH0 ^^oct&ihcb npo;^B^y^ 
HO rpy^a BiisaTHXi» jhmohobi ne ctóhtb H']bcEOJBimx'B qojihhx^^ 
H MÍmoB^B nycTuxi op']bxoBi ne CT(^rB ropcTH sxopoBuxi. 

QepefixeMi b^b ^^pyrairB CToponaiTB jijbM. SaBOHO^aTeiiBCTBOii^ 
CA^ano Óujio HtcsojibBO maroBOb, hto6bi yBejuH^HTB BHroAHOcis 
nosynoBi jsfifi KpecTBflHi. FMenBoiajicfl oJiaTHiuiĚ hocj^hhmh npo* 
i^eHTi no ccy^BM-B h, spoMt Toro, flflň ÓbjíhmeŘ homoii^h, nasHa- 
qeHO KB nojBsy Oansa eseroAHoe OT^HCieme no H^bcsojEBBy mha- 
jiioHOKB pyÓJieň hs^ nocTynaion^Hxi otb Bcefi specTBAncsofi Maccn 
BfiiBynHiix'B njareseK. Uocjrbjí,wm Mtpa, Bupasafl npAMyH) sepray 
BasHu jí,jia o^jerneniH BcnoMon^ecTeyeMaro seMjiex^necBaro co* 
caoBiu, saoiyaBHBaerB no npHni^iny nojHOfi CHMnaTÍn. Ho bo víí^ 
otipaniiaeTCfl efl npEif^Henie? Tas^B sasi ch yneHBnieHieM^B njiaTes^ 
naro npci^enra BOSBumasHCB noBynHBifl jsjknu b ccy^Bi, to Bsniuo, 
OTO BpecTBflHe-nosynn^HBH jipjis&Eu bshochtb xotb h MéubtiUů npo- 
ii^eHrB, no cx 6bAhmtéa;h cymfB, T.-e. fb pesy^BTaxí — niaTHTB ne 
MeHBme hjih ^bubs^ ÓojiBme, ^'bwh njaTHJH sa Tasyio a&e seMAD 
npesnie noBynn^HBH. BsíHrpaiB Morjni tojbbo CTapue noBymi^HBH, 
Hanp. BOCBHH^ecflTHxi roAOBx, y BOTopuxi Bci pascneTH no cx^- 
Bani 6ujíE yme Bouienii, a Macca hobuxi npioÓp^TaTejeft nsKa- 
Boro o6jierqeHÍH ne nojyiaerB h ^jta nefl none^HTeiiBnafl iiipa ne 
orpasaeTCfl na jiibjrb BRi^in>. noHHseHÍe njiaTesnaro npoi^eHTa 

CTaHOBHJIOCB X&SG CaHOCTOHTeJIBHaM'B T0;iqK09rB BB B08BIinieHÍB» 

i^Hi, TBKB BBBi upH paspšmeHÍH ccyA^B H oi^'6hb'& yciOBÍtt 3e^ 
MejTBHUxi noBynoBi BucrynHJi mothbb BanHT&oiSHpoBaTB npexno- 
jiaraeMUfl Buro;^ BjaA'i^HÍfl hsi bhobb nonnsenHaro npocteHTa^ 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



3£lftEJ[bfiÁfl TOPrOMfl. 593 

T.-e. yBeiHHHBaiB sauaTaibHyio cynii;. Oahb^ H3i» npexc^aie- 
^efi jťbcTBBixx OTX^eHÍfi specTbflHCsaro 6aHBa, aojeMHSHpyfl cx 
HenpiflSHeHHUtffl 6aHBy HacTHtiMH semeBMA^bi^aMH, ^ase apflxo 
BHCicasiiBan b^ ne^TH, hto bih seujíeBjmxbjíhUfi lucoxo noHH- 
M9xm> CBOH co(ÍCTBeHHHfl BHFOxu, fl6 BH^a, ^TO yMeHbmeflie Bpe- 
CTuiHCBaro luaTesHaro npoi^eBTa yBeiaiBBaerB oi(ÍBBy uoc^ dewm^ 
OTKpKiBaa MWh BOSMOseocTs npodtieamh ee Aopose apesflflro. Bovb 
sasie BdrjEJOH na cnoco6u yTHiHSBpOBaaifl oáierMTejbHuxx iiipi 
BHcrynaiOTi bb Ús^heúboř npaBTBBi. TaBHMi oÓpa^OMi, bt> oúíofiwb 
pesyjrBTari j^oój&^nefáa^ noiryiaeTca cJi^xyion^ee: RpecTbane nja- 
TMTh TO ase, ^t5 h apesxe, bjih fioibme; 6aHK'B, BEuaBafl 65jibniÍB 
ecyxH, npBBBMaen aa ceÓB dojbmitt pflOsi; a ij^aBiB^ecsafl Buroxa 
Aocraercfl opo^aBi^aiix, bt> bh;^ opa^Bsa Kb u!bEdM% cCsisaeMOfi 
HMH seiuH. IIoeo(^ flasBaHajocb specTMaaMi, ho y hhu 65j[binaH 
^acTb ero TonBO „no ycairs spofitoasa*', otipaTHBiDBCb bb no- 
co6ie apoAaBiiaMi. HBTepecHafl Meraiiop^sa. 

CxoxHoe BEieflie npeAcraBJíaeTb h cyxbCa apoBSBO^HMurb wb 
naibsy 6aHRa or^HCjeHÍtt hsi BHsynBEix^B luaTeseft, BHOCBMHx^b 
BctMH paspa^aMB specTbAHi: ÓuBniHiiH Kp6no€TBUMH, rocyxap- 
CTBeHHHMH H T. fl,. OTqBdfleMiifl cyKMu HasHa^^eHu Ha noBynsy 
^BeMejb caMHMi fiasKoii^b y nacTHiixi b^ba^^i^obb ^^b nepeycTyoBH 
BpecTBBBaicB, H HOJEbSB OTX TasoS o^epa^iH Moserb 6uTb ABOBBaa: 

BO-nepBHX!b, BpeCTbflHe, HMÍA A^O HeHOCpeACTBOBHO Cl ÓaHROifb, 
MOrJEH 6u HSfoBJIflTbCfl OTO BBHEIXl B XafiuUXl npB2KBM0B'b CO CTO- 

poHu npoxaBuoBi, Boropbie, BesaBBCHMO orb bhahmux-b TBseluxi 
yciOBÍfi c^iMVby HepitffU) eo^e MacBHpyiorb A^ftcTBHTaibHUfl ycjio- 
Bifl npexi ÓaHBOMi, BUToproBiiBafl orb noByiiniBB(Nrb pasHsiH CBpu- 
TiiH o(!fl8aTejibCTBa; a BO-BTopux'b, fiaoKi npio6pÍTaen hobeiS 
BpynfiiiS A^esHEifi hctohhhbi, sa c^eTb EOToparo mosho Kkjídm> 
BpeeTbflHaMi pasHua HeoÓxoABHiifl o5jierHeBÍfl. Kor^a Óassi lOJbBO 
cox^ftCTByera cbohmb ocy^aMH cjsjbJOMĚh specrbflB^b cb qacTBbucB 
jBoaaiH^ TO owb AOJUBeBi mm npio6pÍTeHÍfl ceyABUxi ji^Berb, bu- 
nycsaTb Cynara, na oiuaTy np(HteHTOBi no KoxopuMi Óeperb cb 
vpeabaBi> cpo^ane luaTesB, €JŠA<»^TeibflO BEiaysA^B^b sa^oTBXbCB, 
htoOh Bjaxeisefi othxi XBaxajo na ynoMasyTyio oaiaiy. Haopo- 
TBBb, OT^BCieBÍa nvb BiuEyoHux^b njEBTeseé AOCiaioTCfl ^aasy xa- 
poiTb, B, Bosynaa aa aaxi seiuiK), oa'b ae HysA^eica a^b BHDycB*! 
ÓyMarb, a cjiiAoaaTeJibflo h b% onjuaii noiyiaeMux^b cyMMi apo- 
qOHTaMii; sBawrb, ycryaafl diy ^emjm BpeďbaaaMi saai yro^ao 
xemrao B BSflvaa ei hocjiíabbxi saKÍe 6u to bh 6uio a^iaTesH, 
Óaarb nojiyiaerb Hx^b Rasrb ^Hcryio, ^apoByio apadiub, soTopyio 
xosHO, vb cjry«iai aa^ofiaocTB, ofipaavtTb hb otfjerHeaie BcaBBX^ 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



594 fiftOTHHBi EBPonn. 

ero RjieHTOffB. RaseHaafl isepTBa bs nojfb3y Óassa, nosTOMy, cno- 
coGsa noMoraTB ne o^HOMy pacmEpeHÍK) BpecrbflHcsHxi seMeiBHEirb 
npio6p']&TeBÍfi, ho h jBroTBOCTH yciOBÍfi npio6pÍTeBÍfl h Bjax^Hk. 
?t6 me BuxoAHTb Hd^b aroro sa jsikí^ opH TeH^^eeipH BOSBiiineHÍfi 
jsÍbE%? ^oporaa noBynsa Ba OT^BCJifleMtui cyiofii opesAe bc^x> 
AaeTi opoAaBi^aM^b yBejiH^esie nojyqaeiiuxi bvh j\iwhj xpecrbAHe 
npio6p'i&TaK)'rs seujno noA% yc^OBÍem BSHOca bhcoibu njraTesefi h 
xase séHJTH npioÓp^TaioTCfl ÓwkowLj bi> ÓojíhmeŘ qacTH anynaeBi, 
ne r&, Baiúfl xpecTbaHaMi Hysau. Ecsb 6aHEi HaRynHjrb seiieis 
Ba 27 uEMÍono^vby a npoAaji'E bx% xaiibKO na 16 (Basffifi roxi 
noRynaa Oojibine, h^m^b npc^aerE), npH^eiťE h nacTb opo^anHOfi 
seMjH AOCTaaacb Be RpecTEfloaMi, to bo bhxoaht^ jih, ^to hotth 
noJOBHHa saTparE hsi KpecTbBBCEaro BanHiaja ycrponia HHTepecH 
npoAaBuoBi, a ne BpecrbaHi, xpyraa se nojoBHBa sosBHCHia no- 
CA^jíflííMi, BJiaTesfl? y 6aBBa iiacca senejb ocTaercafies^ cÓHia^ 
noTOMy HTO KpecTbaHO ee ue cnpaniHBafi)rb, ho bi to se spěna 
ero noRynRH HHCROJrbBO ne crbcHaiorb mHpoBHX^b onepaoiň cnexy- 
jLHBtowby npoAOJsaiOQ^Hx^ cpiiBaTb BpyDHEie ByniH na nepenpo- 
xasi ríxi seifejíb, BaBÍa A^ficxBHTejbHO Ho^yTca specTbanaMH. CUo- 
BoiťB, A^Jio DpHHHMaerb BBA^ TaBoro pacQpeA'&ieBÍfl: specruHCBÍfi 
BaoHTaji^b o6pan](aeTca na séiura, soTopiia xorarb eóuth npo- 
AaBi^u, a A^a RpecTbasib seMJio ^ocraajiaioTi cneByitaHTii, croi- 
mie no npesneMy m» OTHomeHÍB B^b sHifb JinnfiMi> Kb ibuJj h bs 
9Ty o6jiacTb 6aBKi ct» cbohmi nocpeAHBHecsBirb y^acTÍeirb ne no- 
cnisaerb. Kobo^bo, HeycnimBuň ě6uTh BynjieBBEix^b 6aHB0Mi» hmí- 
BÍft OT^acTH daBHCBrb otb BeAOCTaTBOBi> caMoň opranasai^iH, TaR'b 

RBRX COdAaHHElfi ÓJIHSOpyROK) 8ROBOMÍei0 CiaÓblfl COCTaBl M^BilX^ 

OTA'i^eBÍfi vkuievb cjiHniRoiťL RpynBiie paĚOBu, npn Boropuxi ae 
o^ja^aeTi AOCxaTO^HbíMH CHjaHH hh js^e posiiCRa nosynn^HEOBi, 
BH Aase AJra BBBMaTejbsaro ocMorpa seuejshj — OTqero na iCHoroe 
AOJseBi rja^^Tb TOJibRO CRBOSb ($yMary; ho bto — Bonpoci ocofisifi^ 
Be BxoAan^ifi bi paMRy Hacxoan^efi craTbB, rjsaBBHfi se BHrepecb 
npeACTaBJíaeT^b (|)aRT'B, RasoBi obi ecxb h oxqero 6u hh opoHcxo- 
ABJíi. Bo BcaROM^b cJiy^aš, ORasbiBaoTca bi htofš, ^to 6ÓAmaa 
qacTb RasoBHOfi sepxBSi cBOsa nonaxaerb Be no a^pecy: BHHrpii- 
BaiOTo^ HsÓpaflBiie npoAaBmi, a y MaccH RpecTbaHi»-naRynn](HROBi, 
fi,jiň ROTopuxi dia sepTBa Basfla^ajiacb, osa no ycaarb fitsaia^ 
Aa Bi poTi Be nonaja. 

HaRoneoi, oxhoh) bbi caMbix'b aasniix^ CTopoBi pascMarpn- 
BaeMaro Bonpoca npeAcraajaeTca to, ^to RaRi 6iii bh CBJraxHCb 
onpaaxaxb BosBiimenie i^'6b'b npBiíšpaMB ns^b o6jacTH cs^yjuTHB- 
Báro seMejbBaro puBRa, CROJibRO 6a hh npenetíperajiH paapiiBOiis 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



3EMB1&HAA TOFTOBJm. 595 

ifesxy AOxoAHOCTiiK) H KanHTaibHOio A^HOK) BeMJH — cjramEOiTB cy- 
^ecTBenea pasHHi^ uesmy nojoseHÚíMH cneKyjAHra hjih cxo^earo 
CB HHiTb H — MysHsa. QepBuS MOxeTi He cMyn^aTbCfl ynoMHHyrmťb 
paspuBOirEy coo6pa2Utfl, hto ecjra ^oxo^HOCTb h nasa, to Bce-se 
9emMio MOSHO nepenpoxaTii, no 6uBiiiHirB npHMtpaifB, cb (Japii- 
inoiTB HJM 6e8i yÓHTRa, a MyxHsrE nosynaerb ne a^a . nepenpo- 
xasi, a ;Mfl ce(ScTBeHHaro noABOBaHifl, SHawrB, jí^k eero bca cyrb 
— Bi npOHBBOAHTeiBHOCTHy Wh ji^oxo^HOCTH. Ch Hefo-To eiiy npH- 
xercfl c^raTaTECfl ea npaKTHR^, Ofio-To cocrs^uerB caMHfi hctoh- 
HBKb ero luaTeisefi; cjť^AOBaTeuHO, ecjH noKynnyio i^^Hy onpe- 
xiuTB no cnesyjiaTHBnEiícb ex^jRaMx, to na njraTesH ne XBaTHTs 
HCTOHHHsa, n Tor^a htí> BuŘfjtvh?... nocToannafl yfiuTO^nocTE? He- 
cocTOflTejniHOCTB BJia^tnifl?... Botě TyrB*TO n j»CTb c&6a no- 
qyBCTB0BaT& npoTHBoecTecTBenHOCTb paspoBa neasAy AOXOAQOCTbio 
H ii^HOiD. Csasyn, noaiaiyfi, tto neiBsa npniiiHflTL ujbmsi TOsshKO 
Kh specTBflHCBOMy noioseniiOy no wbjíf> nsi-sa BpeeTbHn'B-TO n 
unfiTB paBxyBanie ntin^ BsanycKn! ycTpannTe pascHOTH na xpe- 
CTEsn^ — OTh nenoM^pnaro pocra i^šh'b ocTaneTca ne óoJihBO unoro. 
Bi CBadasHOVB Bume — Óbjíhn^Ji ?acTB OTnéra na nocraBjen- 
HHĚ BonpocB: osynaeTCfl jih jiopoaLanie seiLSH AOCTHseniem Ba- 
bhxi-jih6o 6oj%e BasnHxi i^dkieft? Bh^ho, ^tb AOCTHraercfl na 
eaifom x^jA- 

IV. 

Tenepb cupaninnaerefl — mosho jie Óesonacno n 6e3npenflT- 
erBesHO npOAOJsaTb hath bi noMopauť^ bhcokhxi nfkwh Buwkni' 
HHifB yenjennuiťB MapmeMi? 

My;ipeH0 ffi,Th na 9to yrBepAHTeiibnfiiň otbítb. IIoxhmo o6fl^HrB 
cootipaKenitt o neBOsimsnocTH oCpan^nifl yBjeqenifi b^ nocTOnn- 
Hoe SHBnenHoe ycjiOBie, T.^e. o neBOdnosHOCTH ÓesnpepiiBnaro no- 
WBjieHifl npnpoxH se^efi HesyccTBennocTbio, rpy^no xy^aTb, ^toÓei 
ocTanoBBa npesnaro xojsjbl hjih saušna ero* o6paTHUM% TenenieicB 
se 6ujiE BHsnanu caifcm cbioh) Beu^efi. QocroflHHafl noBynsa npeA- 
■eTOBTE w>pose nxB CToaMOcra npenocHT^ rbwb hjh ApyrnirB Óojib- 
mifl norepn, a q)eACTBa na noBpHTÍe no^oómix^b noTepb hh y 
Roro ne M«ryTB 6uTb ÓesrpanHiBii. Mu naxoxHHCfl Tenepb b^e ne- 
píoA^ CBoero poxa ropAmii, MÍniaH)ni(ett orjuAUBaTbCfl na oenona- 
TejbHOCTb H 6yj!(yntH0CTb Aopornxi nosynoK^ no npoMBimjieHObifl 

IX^WH HM^IOTE CBOňCTBO npOXOAHTE, CMiBflflCb OXiaS^OHÍeM^ H 

paQO^^poBanieMi. ^oporoBAsny noM^psasaerE, riaBnuiTE oÓpasoMi, 
CHeKyJIa^ifl seMejiEBEixi ÓapuniHHBOBx. CoA'&fiCTByH)Tx efi h no- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



596 sftCTHHSi EBPonn. 

RynRH JBOxett ee cnesyiHpyian^xi, ho p%inaH>ii(Hxca noM^num 
CBOH cpe^CTBa Bi seHJH) 6e8'B aoctetougA o6;^yMaHHOCTH h omiT- 
HOCTH, npfl HSjramHeiTb Aonipin b<b ocHOBaTeAHOCTH noxBSTUTb 
ísjkE^, — TOJibBO poJiB dToro po^B noRyQii](HKOB% ÓOAme ^ac€llBHaJ^ 

SaBHCHMafl, TaKl SaBl OHH nOAHHHflIOTCfl yCIOBÍflliX^ COBAaHHHMl 

ApyrHMfl. Uojí,o6eume noRynntsBaMH Hept^so tfoBaiDTiB hhhobhhsh, 
HHorAa ToproBi^u h xp. j[HAa, — BooÓn^e, jdah, saxoAflnMe fb idpi 
cejiBCRO-xosflBcTBeHHurB HBTepecoBx EShwbj nocjfl nero hitb npe- 
AOcraBJfleTCfl npoB^pHTB cboh Ha^es^ii y^actbio cofierBeHHiixi hh- 
TepecoBi. Ho c^eKyJfl^iH ÓapEimBHBOBi pasBHBaiOTCif xo ife^i iiopi», 
noBa HM^b AiaroopÍHTCTByerB no^nepssa ^epes^pi^ bíu'o;(híix'l 
nepenpoxas^b. Ctórtb npiocTaHOBHTbca diaify 6jiaronpíflTCTBOBaHÍK> 
— H ycrpaHRTCfl rjaBHiift xothbx 6apuiiiHHqecTBa ch ero noejŠA- 
CTBÍflMH, a Tor^a CHOBa yciuBTCH SHaneBÍe peryiHpoBBH i^&hi #>* 

XOAHOCTEIO, BaBl eCTeCTBeHHUM^B H^pHlOlTB. RaSl TOABO BOSBpa- 

THTCfl npeo6jaAaHÍe noBynoBi, pasc^HTasaux^ na A^^TBHrejEBHyio 
BBiro;^ocTb xosflfiCTBa — BupocTyTB (loibiiiie maHCii npHBexeHifl se- 
MejBHuxi i^H^b Kh Óojiie HaTypajbHOMy ypoBHio. Ecjih oósemnficfl 
Ha AOporoň noBynB^ qacTHufi Bjax^ei^ cairb He BusepaeTCfl hsi^ 
yfiuTsa, TO npHMip^ ero cooco6eHX CA'i^aTBCfl npe^ocTepexemeiTB 
^H ApyrHX'B, OTpaBHBHiHCB yifeHbmeHÍeirL cnpoca h ujbwh. j9(a h 
pascHen na BpecTbflHi ne uosievh Óutb ÓesnpejsibMhwawhy boa 
CBopo DOBynHfiUi isepTBii He ouJia^BsaioTCfl BuroxnocTbio BJiaA^- 
HÍfl. Tenepb HOsyno^Hafl ropa^sa y BpecTBBH^b noxA^psenaercfl 

HX^B M&IOSeMeJIbHOCTbED H BOOfiO^e TaBHMH BH^aMH 6e8BlIX0;(H0CTH 

noj03BeHÍfl, BOTopue, no syTBOCTH CBoefi, ToiBaioirb hxi hath na ao- 
porÍH noBynBH o^epTfl rojOBy, ne ^asafl hmx bosmoshocth sBEMarojisHO 
B3B'lniHBaTb maHca Óy^yn^aro h B036y2BAafl npeAcrasjene, qro 
HCBOMufi BEixoA'b— npex^ HHííH. Ho 0Tpe8Bj[eHÍe BibpoHTHO npHHe- 
cevb caMufi ooEirb nojbdOBanifl noBynsanH. Kavb hh saHaeHBBH 
Bi Haqajii senejbHHa opiodpÍTeHLi, ho Ror^a noBynnitHBH novys- 

CTByiOTl, qXO B^B yCJOBÍflXl DOByQBH OHH HamJIH He HaCTOanpfi BH- 

xoA'B, a JiHHiB saM^Hy* oAHoro rpy^naro nojoseHia ApyrHHX, ne 
MOH^e TpyAHBíMi, Borw cnocoÓEi y^epsanÍH npioÓp^TeeHofi seiui 
norpe^yiOTB nenocHJBHHxi :BepTB'B, BOTopBX'B nonepoHyrB ne or- 
Byw — npio6pÍTeHÍH Moryix yTparaTB bck) npHBJíeBaTeiBHocTb, co- 
Bpao^aTbCfl H paspymaTbCfl. BosHRsaerb onacHOcxb ne^OHMOBi, oř- 
BasoBi orB BynjieHHoň seMJiH, MaccoBoro Biinycsa seiceiB na ayBr 
i^ioHi, a Boe-rAÍ THsejiufl oniirB nosajiyfi h BpecTBBHi nayHHTB 
CAepsaHHOCTH wb npe;^oseHÍH eiíhi. Xpy^HO AyMaTB, htoÓu nac- 
coBHfl noByno^Hiifl Heyxa^H o6omjiHCB 6e^ nraposaro paaoupoBa- 



Digitized by VjOOQ IC 



3EMEJBHAJÍ TOPPOBJIB. 597 

Bifl H He BuauBaaH saiciHu nosynoíHoA ropn^BH HCBanieMi Ba- 

HaBoaeiti, oG^EacHeHHUfl ipjahocth caoco6Hii BusBaTb si ceói 
M ycHJieHHoe BBHnaHÍe canoro BpecTbflaesaro ÓasBa, aa soTopiift 
TaBTB sax^TCfi A^AxeiH seMaibHoŘ xoproBjH. Eub ooacaocTB bx% 
Teiiep& xaio saMŽ^aeTCB h nepeneBTHBa bosmosho 66jbmaro pM- 
nupeHÍfl iKwynoKi npOAOJUsaeTrB saejoíoeflTb nepcnesTHBy tofo, it6 
B8i» HBXi> BuxoABTi, TO yMHOseBÍe He6jiaronpijiTflux'b noc^ÍACTBÍfi, 
B^yiUBXi Bi ^yBCTBHrejBHUMi paciuaTaMi, rasi hjh Hmaqe, BHy- 
HiHiejibHO HanoMHHrb o6i onacHocTH Hrpu bi qíhu, h noHaAO- 
6HTefl paso^paTbCfl bi sHa^eniH noeiŠAHiixi. QojiOflBfliii, ocxpne 
MOMeaTii MOSHO OTAaiflTb nepeoa$HKaMH, nepesaioraMH^ OTcpo^- 
saiíH H T. noA. npienaiiB, ams lero y Óaisa ecxb cp^CTBa n 
BE^ BanHTaiOBi h xase sa^eBraaro py^aTai&CTBa no ero oóflsa- 
TeibCTBam, ho Bcb bth cpexcrsa npHMiHHMu xo HSB^THaro Bpe- 
MeBH, a HO óesrpasHiBO. 

BoaABpaHBaacb on noApo^eiaxi ra^aHÍfi, KasHMi HiteoBO npo- 
i^eccoiťB coBpaTHTCfl seiiejikHO-ToproBafl ropa^Ba, Basia 4^piiu pac- 
BjftTH craHyrL orpaa&aTbCB aa i^ŠHaxi paBbme h sasifl noBse, — 
Myxpeao, bo bcsbomi ciyqai, sipeTb, rto6u k^o mopio o6oft- 
THCB 6edi ooxoÓBaro apasHca, Taai saBi bi aajiH^HOMi nojiose- 
bíh HJáieTGfl BpynHiifi sapoAuini ero. KoHeuo, BpH8He:B dion 
Moser^B BucTyoBTb HO TaBi BBesaDHO, BaBi noTpflceBÍfl 6yMaaBr 
BBXi it&HHoeTefiy cocpe^^OToqeHHuxi Ha H^BOibBvn ÓHpsaxi, 
TMÍb ptoutfl lOMBa Hxi coBepmaercfl Hnor^a bi» 0jiHH'B-xBa aha. 
Aktu BeiieibHOil xoproBJíH pacQpej(6jflK)TCfl na orpoMflOirb npo- 
CTpaflCTBi; OTA&ibHue npHM'&pii btl ho nojiynaiorb Tasofi 6h- 
CTpofi orjacBH, sasrb ÓHpaseBUfl ca'&ibh; noBynn^HBH x^ficTByK>n 
paSjyhJbHO, no yrwM^b, xa ecjHte h BpecrbflHCBÍfi ÓanBib, cnoxBa- 
TflCb, iTO uíbwsL saBe^OBii cjLHiBBOiťb jifiJíeiROy plmHiea opesparaTb 
6jiaroapiflTeTBOBaHÍe nx^b B08BumeBÍK>, to eiiy xpy^HO Óiuo 6u 
noxTHHyTb Hxi cpasy, p^BO ocranaBJíHBafl naccy noontpeHHuxi 
npeaKHOH) npaBTHBOK) cx^obi. Bce axo yBOJiHVHBaerb mancEi pa- 
CTJUBBH BpHBHca Ba ÓQJiie npoAOJSHTaibHufi nepioxb, OAHaBO — Ba- 
caeTCfl iíHmb npeiieuH h ^^piui ero^ a ne bohovhbixi noojid^ACTBÍfi. 
Ocraerca Bonpocb — Bavb pacnpex^kiBTCfl dTH noci^ACTBÍfl? 

^lacTBUfl iflaa, BycHBnrífl sewno jsfla co6cTBeHHaro xodflBcTBa, 
MOVjTb nooaaTHTbCfl rbwbj ^to npio6pÍTeHHafi hmh aoxox^ ne 
Oyxen oooTB^TCTBOBBTb saTpa^eHHOMy na npio6plTeHÍe BaHHTaiy. 
Hanp., BiribBie, Byiuennoe 8a 80 thcbu, xacn TaaoB ^oxo^^^ 
BaBoft npHBOCirb BanHTaji bi» 50 TucBM^b. ^a TaBHX'b npio6p6- 
TeHÍft noAotiHoe nojosoHÍe (()aBTH^ecBH 6yAerb paBHHTbCfl noTopi 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



598 mcTBSsn EBPona. 

qacTH cocTOflHÍfl. EcjH se noKynsa coBepmeHa c% sanHTaiBHuiťb 
jífiJivoiíT>, npHHATUMx HJH c^^jiáHHUM^ Bi pasc^eT^ Ha npeyseiH- 
leHHyK) K^Hy, to ctohmoctb hxi fl^aji^HÍfl cnoco6fia ffiose iiph6jh- 
saxbCfl Ki HyjiH), xani BaKrB npoi^eHTii no AMry ynecyn noiTH 
BecB He onpaBAaBmifi m,jí,emKh aoxoa'^. A Bpe;^HTopu seMieBJíaffbib- 
m&ffh nOHOcyrB ymieptii na oÓesne^eHÍH CBOHn xoJiroBHrL cymrE. 
DoKynaBinie js^ib Biiro^HoK nepeopoAasH, es HC^eSHOBemem 
HJH coBpan^eHÍeiťB roTOBuxi st spynnuiix HaÓasKaMx nepesyn^H' 
BOBX, omHfiyTCfl BT> ocHOBHOMi pa3c?er6. EkMH nepBiie noByna^HSH- 
eneBy^HTEi ycn^iorB c6eitb npioÓplTeHHyio seMJUO, to 9to 6yxeT!L 
jHmb nepejiosemeMx pacnJiaTEi ci oxHoro jihi^ sa xpyroe, a 
OTcyTCTBÍe jífiJihEiŘuinTb BUTOjsjauTb noBynaTeiefi o6opBeTCfl Ha 

BOM^b-HHÓyAB H3*B npOVesyTOHHHX^ 6ap£iniHflB0VB, BOTOpOMy UpH- 

;^TCfl HJiH AOBOJBCTBOBaTbCfl o^eHL yiftpefiHiiMi AOXOAOVE, BJiH npo- 
AaTb xemeBJíe, vbjAi* BynHj^b. KoHenno, (SapumHHBOBi ae auub, 

HO JIHBBHAHpOBaHÍe HX^b a(|>ep'B CnOCOÓHO BO^efiaTB H HOpMaJEBHHfi 

ypoBCHb iri^Hi, Bpexfl T^iTB, BOMy Hysuo npoxaTB no ocBOsaTeib- 

HOft He06X0AHM0CTH. 

06% HHTepecaxi ABopaHCBaro 6aHBa pacnpocrpanflTbCfl He^vero, 
TaB^b BaBi jibroTbi h HH^y^breHioH — ocHOBHafl lepTa ero nojra- 
THBH, OHI yse nojíbsyeTCfl BaseHHOio cy6cHAÍ6K) h ^ysyn^ee ero 
HO npe^CTaBjíflerB oootieHHott saraAonnocTH. KpecTbflHCBOiíy 6aHBy, 
bpomÍ yBJíOHeHifl orb npflMoro ero HasHa^enifl—OBasEiBaBifl i^ecTb- 
HHCTBy A^ficTBHTejTBHOfi noMOH^H — rpoBflTB ycHJíeHie HexoHHOBi no 
BUAaHHHifb BHCOBHMi ccy^AMi H yBOJiHHeHie HeAOBupyqeBTb npH 
npcaamš seifejib c^ xoproBi. H»% nacTHiixi »e CaHBOBi noryTi 
n()Tepa'6Tb vb, BOTopne HSMniHe c^HrajiHCb ci i^HaiiH cnotyjiii- 
THBuaro puHBa, ne bxoaa btb cojHAnyBD hxi i^HTHBy. 

Ho BMÓojAe qyBCTBHTejibHHfl noTepH Moryrb nonecTB BynHB- 
mie qepesHypí Aoporo senjuo BpecrbflHO. H npHnja^HBaTb Kh se- 
MBJíbHOMy AOxoAy Bi TB^eHÍe ffiCňVBJťbriŘy m jvHmaTbCH seiuiH n 
noTepeio Bcero saTpa^eHHaro na xonjaTEi hsi co6cTBeHBiixi 
€peACTB%, Ha noByno^HBie pacxoAu, nocrpofiBH, no^HaTÍe saxeisefi 
H T. noA-y npH neofixoxHMOCTB HCBaBÍH HOBbixi cnocoÓOBi CBoero 
ycrpoficTBa — ajzh hhx% o^BHaBOBO paaopHTejibHO. 

CoBOBynHOCTb xaBHXi sarpy^Hemil, BOHe^HO, Moaterb hmíii 
6ojbmoe BjisHÍe. He B^asaflCb SA^cb b'b eooÓpaxeHÍfl hh o 6yAy- 
n^eii'b MXb pasM^pi, hh o MOMenTib hxi HacTynj[6HÍfl, hh o man- 
cax^b CBeespeMennaro hx% npeAynpeatAeHÍH, naAO bo BeasoiTB cjy- 
qa']b npH6aBHTb, «ito ^1ími> AO^ibme saTBHeTCfl HCByccTBefiHoe npe- 
yBejiHqenie i^íhx, rbwh Aopoace Moaerb ofiofiTHCb paenjiaTa. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



3EME.lbHAfl TOPrOBJfl. 599 

BiíCKasasi HSJíoseHHoe, HHCBosbso He xy^ft^m, ^to6h hms 
BC^epnuBajocb Bce, ^Ťb Hoseii 6uTh CRasaHO no nosový HCByc- 

CTBeaHOCTH SeMeJBHOfi AOpOrOBHSHH, H, BipOflTHO, HHBIfl CTOpOHU^ 

dToro Bonpoca octejhcb HesaTpoByTUMH. Ho nojEbsoBaTEca naMs 
MOSHO 6ujio rbwb MaieplajiOMi, sasofi yse BucTyímji sapysy, 
cBJbHO HanoMHHafl o cepBesHocTB nojioseBÍfl. 6x jsHSHeBHOfi npaB- 
TBR^ Moryrb HafiTBCk emie najo saiť^^aeime ýasTopii, b&ctb o 
BOTopiixi He npOHHsajiH Bi ne^aTL h ne BomJH bi oSpan^eme. 
Rb TasoiTB cjy^ai Beo6xoAHMO BuasaTb na CB^rs h BTorb Aotfa- 
BOHHufi jiaTepiaji, ycB^B^b jíflň xoro MicTHyio Ha6j[io;iaTejbHOCTb. 

B031f02£H0 TaB2Re, HTO E^OTOpUfl HS^b OTlťJ^HeHHUXl flBJieHÍfi ;^0- 

nycBaiorb en^e HHUfl tohkh spiaifl, hhuh o6iflCHeHÍB, pascMorp^- 
HÍe BOTopuxi npHBeAeTb rx Óoaíb dojihiimi h TBepAuicB dasjío- 

^eHÍBMlf HO — nOHBHTCfl JH qTO-HH($yAb HOBOe, HJH TOIbSO HO^TBep- 

flfnca ciapoe — Heo6xoAHMO bo BcaEOM^b cjyHai noABHHyxt hscjeÍ- 
;(0BaHÍe x&HHaro Bonpoca. TaBoe BpynHoe aBOHOMHHecsoe aaieBie, 
KaRi mHpoBafl ToproBJfl aemieK), coapoBosAft^nafl BBiAaion^HMHCB 

B3aHHHlIM» npOTHBOpiÚflMH (|>aBT0B'b, HpeXCTaBJIflerb ÓOJIbDIOň Ha- 

yHHuň H apasTB^ecBifi HHTepecb, bx BOTopoMy nejibSH OTHOCHXbCfi 
tíesyqacTHO. BuflCHeHÍe ero ny/BHO BcecxopoHHee, BHHMaxaibHoe h, 
rjEBHoe, 6e8npHCxpa€Xfioe, noq^y aejiBSfl ne xejiaxB, mo6hi eny 
nocoÓHJiH cepbesHbie jioah, BHAflmiíe jíibjío na ^itvb eo Bceio ero 
oCcraHOBBOH) h cnocoCHiie oq'&HHBaxb ^^aBXu no cyn^ecTBy, se 
noMftBaflCb npeABBflxuirB hjh CBopocn^iiMi mb'&híbm%. Rcx^ ne Majo 
OTOHb saHHTepeeoBaHHuxi bi noAA^psBŽ seMejibHofi AoporoBH3HQ, 
CH^fi^Hxcfl HacxaHBaTb Ha efl sasoHEOCTH h ^ase HeroAyfon^Hxi* 
Ha caMHH coMH^HÍfl Bi Hefi; ecxb oxnocaupecB B^b Ai^HHOMy npex- 
Mexy ciHfflBoirb joerBO h nrafijiOHHo; ho ne HX'b otshbh xyxs i^tHHH, 
H cyniecxBOBanie noAO^HBx^b xenj^eni^fi xojtbbo BOSBiimaerb xpe- 
6oBaHÍfl Ba (JesnpHCxpaexie h cojiH^^HocTb. CepEOBHO noMO^b x^y 
cnocoóeHi ro^bBO enoBofiHiifi h BHHMaxe.ibH£ifl anajEsi BOSMoasHO 
noíHáro <|>aBXH^ecBaro Maxepíaia. Ilycxb ace M^cxH£ie naÓJiOAa- 
xejH safinyxcfl x'6jih ^airHiíMH, BaMfl y hhxx noAi pyBoio vb ÓOJih- 
mowh oÓhjíh. MejRAy npo^HMi, ocoCoheo jiK>6onuxHH npasxnqe- 
CKÍe npHMdbpu, noBasuBaionpe nocj['6ACXBÍfl Aoporaxi ooBynoBi, — 
x.-e., B'B Heny npHniJiH coBepmaBmie bxh noBynsH m^r coCcxboh- 
Haro xosflficxBa, bx BasoS ufbpi ohh Bcxp'l9aiH onpaBAame cbo- 
Hxi pasc^exoBx h bi BaBoS^-paso^apoBaHÍB h noxepn. Opn xa- 
KOifB aHajiHa*! Jier^e ÓyjífiTh pa3o5paxbCB, r^^ rpannita MesAy 

SaSOHHblMl H HeBaBOHHIIM'B pOCXOMIb SeneJIBHfilXl I^^H^b. 

o. BoponOHOBi. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



mATKia OCHOBH 

3CKH31) 
Wilhelm v. Polenz. „Wurzellocker**, Homan in zwei Bftnden. 



I. 

JI'Ito npHxoAHJio b'b BOHi^y. Iloroxa CToaia acapBaa h k^uleu. 
Hh Majišfimifi BŠTepoB^b ae pasroHBJí aumb, BuxoAHBmaro hsi 
ŮesHucÁemmuTh rpy&b h sacraiaBinaro secb ropo^E 6iÍAHO-cipoft 
nejenofi. CojiHi^e npHneBUo CesnonvM^eo bi^ TeneHÍe H']^CBOJibBflrB 
Hex^^. Oho 6iiCTpo budebejio He(5ojbmyio ;mJ0 npoxjaxH, npa- 
BOCHMyH) ocByA^BmHMH sejiTOBaTiiMH BOJBaifH p&(H, opiuaBaa 
iHCTBflM^B AiBpeBBeBi Ha suiJiefiTh xaóaqHJufi ottíhob^b h npeBpanvifl 
noHBy Bi cyxyK) Maccy, noxosyio Ha nporHHBmitt TpyrB. Ha yu- 
i^az^b Aiunajocb ch xpy^OMi, Bos^yxi Oujti aponBTaHi oujbh) h 
AUMOiťb. JioAH TOinaiiH CTpeMiuHCi» sa ropoA'B. Bcbxfb oCmabhbjo 
OABO sejianie: xotb neiiHoro noxuinaTb cb^hmi BO^xy^oifi. 

OtB 060;efl TOJQEI OTKbXBJll/lCh Xpoe J[K>A6fi) ABoe MySUHl H 

A'£ByniBa. Ohh se nocs^AOBajH sa ocrai&HtiMH, HanpaBHBmEiiHCH 
no yBasaHÍfo nyieBO^Haro CT0j6a cb npoTBayTofi pyEofi, otuííbh- 
BaxB BpacHBufl BHAi», BereiB-6aH'B, hhbo, koÍ|^ h npo^ifl Bejuno- 
linifl, a DonuH no necqaHott TponHHsi b!b rbcb. ^iBymsa ÓujU^ 
o^eHb xopoma co6ofi. B^b en acnofi Bpacoii ne 61UO HH^ero sa- 
raAO^Haro, AeMOHH^CRaro aiH MBCTH^ecsaro, ho ^yBCTBOBajacB bo- 
MOfiMy sxopoBafl qyBCTBeHHOCTB. Bhaho 611JO, qxo ea noiocaioe 
j^THee njiaTBe emHTO ea coficTBesHEiMH pyBaicH, a muaa ci 

CJIHmBOMl ÓOJBHIHlťB BOJHHeCTBOMl HCByCCTBeHB£IX'B I^B^TOBl H 
apBÍfi SOHTHVB, CB BOTOpUMl OHB He yM&ia CBO6OAHO CnpaBJTBTBCfly 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



nUTBIfl OOHOBU. 601 

o6Hap7SH6ajiH fb neft A^syniBy npocroro npoHCXOSxeHifl, sejuis* 
myfo ÓUTB npHHirrofi sa aumj. 

Sbejih ee AiBica jlyneB. 

Orapmit ms^ es cayTHHKOBS tfsji o^eHB cxpoMHO OKbrhj 
san 6ii se sejafl noxwpsiiBaTB spacHBincB KOcrioMOirB cBoero 
6e8otfpa3Ífl. RyxpflBse boioch h Óopoxa, hocx cb ((oiBniHicH no* 
XBiuKHHMH HOBxpflXH H Ao6piie, BHpasBTaibHBie rjasMi A^aiH ero 
HOXoaLHMi Ha yMHaro ny^esA. 

ToBapHiiTB ero ůsurh cobcšmi b*b xpyroirB pox&. Ha Bcem 
ero ejmficmbj nmwBta cb npespacHaro, TOHsaro jni^a h crpotteoft 
ýurypu H KOHvaa xopomo cmHTHirB, xota h noHOíneHHiiifB bo- 
cnoMOirB, jieauurB 0TneqaT0R'B &iaropoxHaro npoHcxosAemfl. CSrap- 
maro sBaiH ;(oktop'b J[e]f(|)HHB'B, suaAinaro — ^pHi^x BepiEHrB. 
Ohh noBHaBOMHjmcB hšcbojtbbo ň^rh Tony Hasax^ kb BepjiHHŠ, 
vxb HiTB npHxo^JOCB BcrpiiaTBCfl Wh jHTepaTypesxi^ BpysBax'B. 
Ci^ rbxi nopB JIeM(|)HHirB CTapaicfi He TepsTB bkb BHxy CBoero 
lOHaro Apyra h Óujtl oqeHB paA'B, hto CHOsa bctpítejx ero fb 
6ojBinoiFB ropOA^y By^a o6oHrB sanecjia cyxBfia. 

y JleM^HBa CujTL oveHB nrapoBÍft BBrjH;^^ ea jk)5obb, h do- 
dTOMy 0H'B OTHeccfl Bi npHcyTCTBÍK) Ajíbmh Basi K-h qeicy-TO 
biiojihí noHflTHOMy, ee sa^asa^ix HHBaBHxx BonpocoBx h He cra- 
paics ysHaTB, saBi MOJOAiie jmjíji bctp^thihcb h Basie luraHu y 
HHXTB 6hjih Ha 6yAyn^ee. Oh'b no^^BCsasi hmi MedíHpoBaHHyio 
BBapTHpy H TaBS daHHTepecoBajTB o^noro BpynHaro HsxaTejifl pas- 
CBasaMH o jfRTeparypHoiťB TaaaHrfe BepTHHra, hto totb BEi^arB 
MOJiOAOMy nejiOB^By sa en^e Hena^aTuĚ poMaH'B cto icapoKB BDepe^i. 

H^CBOJIBBO oepBHX^B BBXbjíh $pHI^ ĚepTHHrB HOCBflTHJI^B OCMOTpy 

ropoffa. HaAO 6uio hphath fb iSBicTHaro po^a Hacrpoesie, npeasAe 
rtiTB BSflTBCfl sa nepo. Hs^aiejiiD oei> ÓojiBnie ho noBaBLiBaicfl na 
rjiasa, a nepex^ xpyroMi onpaBAHBaiefl vbwhj hto ve Tasyio sapy 

HOBOBHOSHO OUJTO CepBOSHO SaHHMaTBCfl. Jleif^HHBIb MOrB 6u BOS- 

pasHTB ony, qro npe Tofi se caiioft TeiinepaTypi Ecaojmňjn^ hso 
XHfl Bi nem oCflsaTejBHyH) pafiory, ho owh ne cx^asi dxoro bos- 
paxeHÍH, TaB'B BaB'B eny h b'b rojiosy ne hphxoahjo cpaBHHBaTB 
cboh) x^flTOJiBHOCTB CB A^aTeiBHOCTBio BepTHHra. A nocíŠAHifi 6po- 
XKTB HO ropoxy, padCMaTpHBaji'B MarasHHHUH BiiCTaBBH^ Hsyqaix 
^hsíohomíh h HaHepH o(^BaTesefi, saÓaBjíflJCfl hxx roBopom, Bap- 
pHBarypofi BepxHe-repiiaHCRaro nap^tifl, saxoxHJfB b'b pecTopanu 
H Bo^efiBBfl, ^HTajTB FaseTii, npHXJ[e<SErBafl saHoposenniiĚ Bo4>e, a 
Be^epoiTB mupe^szHJíCK bt> yBecejHTejBHtie ea^u. 

ÁJiBMa Mesxy T%i(^ CHA'&Ka o^na fb nycTofi BBapTHpi. Cna- 
^mia ona sanjiJiacB t^itb, vro npHseja fb nopflAOB'B rapxepo6i 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



602 BfiCTHIIBl EBPOnU. 

CBOĚ H BepTHura, a Eor^a sto 6bijo OROHHeao, to CTajia Hcxaxb 
ce&k pa6oTii. Bcero npon^e efi Óhuio 6u nocTynHTb wb Rasoft-HH- 
6jflj> MOAHufi MarasHHib^ s^bRa^ecTB^ „npo6Bp(j[)p^j[e&Hi^, Bas'B ona 
H cjysHJia npesA^, ho BepTHHFB h cjíMnxaTB oH btowb ee xo- 
T&ix. Tor^a Ajn>Ma BcnoMHHja, ^to Kor^a to, ea^e ao nocTyiueHiff 
B'B MOAHufi Hara3HBi, OHa saHHMajacb mETbeiii r&icryxoBi. Oea 
npHHfljiacB HcaaTL pa6oTii b^b pasuiix^ saBe^emaxi aroro poxa, h 
efi cxajiH A&BaTB sasadii Ha aomi. Efi oneHB xoT&tocb hmÍtb 
mBefiHyio MamHHy, ho BepiHHFB OTKas&as efi HaorpšvB. Henpe- 

pUBHUfi CTySB MamHHU B'B HTb MaJieHBROfi BBapTRpi CTpaHIHO MÍ- 

majiB 6u eiiy. AjiBMa, npHBiuunafl bo Bcem corjacoBaTBca cb ero 
sejfaHÍflHH, 6e8ponoTHO noBopHjracB h CT&ia hihtb cboh raicryxH 
pyBaMH. 

Bb 8T0TB Be^epi^ JleM^RHKB npHrj[acHj'B o6oHX'B Ha Hporyjsy, 
^To6£i noBasaTB hm'b KpacHBBifl ospecTHOCTH ropoAa. Becíxy hxi 
HejiBSB 611J10 HasBaTB oco6eHHO oaraBJíeHHOiD. Fobophjib rjaBHHMB 

o6pa80MB Jleil^HHRB. 

BepTHHPB yse h^cbojibbo abbř 6wn> wh xypHom^ HacrpoenÍH 
^yxa. Beijio jih aro BusBano HesiiHocHMofi sapofi, aeÓiiaroapiflT- 
HBiifB OTdHBoiťB ero CTHxaxB, nonaBmHMCfl eny bb raseraxi, 
HJiH se HaKOHeii'B oTEpsirieifi, hto xenbrn, AaHHUfl mKň,Tejieu% 
TaflJH CB RasxHifB jífiBirh, BaB'B yÓuBaion^afl jyna, — HensBibeTflo. 
KaKafl 6u hh Óujisl npeqHHa, TOJibRO ^pni^B bha^ji Bce vh iipaq- 
HOMB cbítí h ne CTapaacfl CRpuBaiB CBoero Hácrpoenifl orb oRpy- 
atafon^Hxx. 

JleM^HHRB r0B0pHJI'B HO 05líRHOBeHÍK) O JHTepaTyp^. Bl lOBOCTH 

OHB caifB Me^Taji o nHcaTe;iBCRHX'B jrasparB, ho noBXH^e nysxa 
aacraBHjra ero cj^aTBCJi sypnajiHcroMB h nHcaiB ^[^eJBeTOHH btb 
OAHoft noJiHTHqecROfi raseT^. EMy npnxoAHJOCB xpaRTOBaTB 060 
BceMB: H o Teaxpš, h hobuxi RHHraxx, h o Hay^Hsixx Bonpo- 
caxB. OcHOBaTejiBHoe o6pa30BaHÍe npHmjocB eny oqeHB ReraTH, ho 
xyAOsecTBeHHufi BRye% qacro CTaBnji'B ero bx saTpyAHHTaiBHoe no- 
jrosenie, ne nosBOJflfl y^OBjerBopaTB 6aHaiBHiiMi Tpe6oBaHÍjnrB 
ny6jiHRH. 

$pHi^B BepTHHrB cjiyniaji'B CBoero Apyra pascluiHHO. PopasAC 
<5ojbnie saHHxepecoBaHHofi Rasajacb Ajibifa. Oópa»OBaHÍe CBoe oea 
nojyHHja bx ropo^^CROfi hirojiš, nncajia n omH6RaMH, h jHiepa- 
xypHBifl en nosHanifl orpaHHqHBajíHCb poMaiiaMH, nponaBaeMHMH 
pasHOcqHRaMH, ho na Hee, RaRi na Cojibhihhctbo senn^HHi, gbŘ- 
cxBOBajo He cxojbRo coAepsaHíe pasroBopa, CRO^bRO jh^hoctb ro- 
BopHBfflaro. J^oRTopi* JleM^HHRi OHCHB HHxepecoBajTB ee. Efl^e hh- 
Ror^a BB SH3HH OHa ne BH^biBajia xaRoro qejOBi^Ra, h xoth mho* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



mATRlfl OCHOBU. 603 

roe 13% Toro, hto ob^e roBopnjx, 6buo ell HenoHJiTHO, rhwb ne 
MeBie OHa ch yA0BOJBCTBÍeM'b os^Aua aa ero p'b%H>, AT^afl o 
TOMfB, BaKb ÓHJO Muo CO CTopoHu TasoFO y^eHaro rocnoxHHa pas- 
roaapBBaTB ch ueio. K% droiiy qyacTBy Cjaro^apHOCTH npHCoeAH- 
Hfljocb en^e CescosHaTesLBoe qyacTBO yBipeHHOCTH ke ero nopa- 
A09HOCTH. B% CBOH ^leBflTHaAaaxb jAtb OHa yse snaia no onary, 
<iTO 8TO-^oieHB pi^qsoe BanecTBO y MysqHHi. 

Ohh nepec^KjR AO^Hey, nopocmyio p^xkrmi jiicoifb, h noABfi* 
iBCb, marafl no rjiy6oKOiiy necsy, aa HeGoumyio o6flaaseHByK) bos- 

raiBeHHOCTb, OTSyAa OTBpIIBaiCfl niHpOBift BHA%. 3a jiícoms bh* 

ffiwb 6ujkT> ropoA'B. Oh'b sanojiHfljii cbohmh AOicaira bch> AOUHHy 
pifiH H TflHyjca flft npoTHBonojiosHHxrB xojiMOBx. Ckbosb AHMKy 
míJiH Bce-TasH mosho 6ujio pasrjflA^TB CesiMCJieHEUfi Rpninv, 
ipyfiH, GameHRH, synojia, creBjflHHyiD spinsy BOBsaia h RBa^paT- 
Hoe SAaflie xasapiťB. wletf^HHBi* CTaji'& oOiuícbatb, fa^ ^t5 HaxoAH- 
locE, HasHBafl rjiaBHUfl s^asifl h yjiHim, ocB'lii^eHHSifl sasoAfln^HVB 
cosHiieMi. FjflAfl fla STy necrpyio, pasBOotipassyio sapTHHy, Bep* 

THHn HOBOJIBHO OSHBHJCfl. ObI ÓUJTh BOpaSOffE: CTOIBISO BpeiieHH 

CBxkjHi OB'B vb T^cflofi, fleonpflTfloň sBapiepi h, sa^maflCB ot^e 

OBJIH H AHMa, np0K9HHa2['B CTOJBKO paSl 9T0TB TOpOA^, H BAPyPB 

Tenepb yBBAasi ero cobcšmx b% bboitl cbštž. 

A BÍAb H B% CaMOMl Jlibjl^ rOpOA'B O^Bb KpaCHBX! — BOC- 

BJHRHyjťB OBI. 

— ^a, BepTBHTb, CBAfl Bi ropoA^y saM^naemb cjihuiroh^b MBoro 
noApoÓHOCiefi b se cxBaTBiBaemb o6ii^efi ^^hsíobomíb, — OTBé^aj'B 
JleM^^BHB^. — TojtBEO OTcio^a, ch BTBtiBflro BOjera, bbabo b aa- 
HMOy H KOBem, H ospysaiontee; tojibko sa^cb BarasaemB bohb- 
MaTB eiiucj'B B 8Ba<ieHÍe Beero. 

— Hy Aa; fl TaK'B BaB'B bctuS BŠMei^ ycnoBOHBaercB Be 
HBatie RaR'B BafiAfl npHqBBy b ujbjíh BCHsofi ses^B, to b a tojibro 
8AÍCB Baxo»y onpaBAaBÍe cyn^ecTBOBaBÍfl aroro ropoAa, npRMB- 
paiocB cb BEWb fl noBBMaio ero. 

$pHm ycMŠXByjECfl BOMBoro BacMimjBBO B CBOBa norpysBJTCfl 

Vh CBOB AyMU. 

JIeM(|)flBB'B XOT&I'B npOAOJISaTB CBOB 06MCHeBÍH, BO ^pflai 

nepeÓBJx ero: 

— UoB^aAH, paAB Bóra, jIeM(|)BflB'B! — aobojibbo bcabbxb Bnee^B 
H BooC^e BCTopÍB. líorAa mbí noApo6flO fla^BsaioTi o6%flCflflTB 
BaByio-HH6yAB sapTABy, oaa TepaerB a^a MeHfl BCAsyio npejecTB. 

& AyMaK) o TOM^B, KaB'B XOpOmO 6UJ10 6U BSFwIflByTB TaBl se CB 

BucoTH Ba Bamy sajKyio seMJíK). MoaserB 6utb, TorAa craio 6ei 
noBBTBO BacTOBH^ee 8Ba?eBÍe b i^ifla sbsbb. Bce a^o — vh pas- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



604 raOTHHBl SBPOnK. 

eroflHÍH. 3to moa Mevra: HafiTH laKoft Bticosiffi nyHBr^ cb boto- 
páro MO^HO 6iuro 6ii cos^aib BapiRBy shbhh, saxBaTciBanii^yio 
CBoett npaBAHBOCTBK) H nopasHTej&HyH) no CBoefi ecrecTBeHHOCTH. 
EaBoe y;(HBHTeiBHoe npoHSBexoHie HcsyccTBa mosso Óeuto 6u co- 
sxaTB, ecjiRÚu HafiTH TaBjío croposeByK) ÓamHio h cb hoa Bsrju- 
HyTB ea Becb ÓesicoHeqBiiň MÍpí! 

— TaBi co3Aaft jse bto npoH^e^ieHie! — cb SHBOcnK) bockiiib* 
Hyjfb JleMÍ^jsEKrb, — HanHisH HanrB Tasyio BHHry! 

— Haji^o f[3o6paaBTB ropo^ib, Baa^B chmbojtb coBiiioTHOft shbhh 
jaojífi% Bcero ^ejiOBi^ecrsa. Ax'By ecxE&h mosho 6hjio orspuBaTB 
BpHmH H paseifaTpHBaii Jio^ett vh hi'b BOMHaTars á noMia^e- 
msTbj BBj^Th, BAVb OHH cnflTB, ^jífiTh H ^Tb x&iaioTB, Bor^a xy- 
ifaH)irB, ^TO 3a HHMH HHBTO He nHÓAio^hevh; eciHÓsi MOSHO 6uj:o 

npOHHBHyTB BBOpOlťB GEB03B BCK> JOSHyH) maiyxy, BOTOpofi JOOKBÍ 

npHBpsBaiorB cboh) HacTOfln^yfo naTypy, BasuBas ary mejiyxy otín^e- 
CTBeHHOCTBK), ceMBefi, saBOHoiťB H HpaBaMHl Ho co(^paTB ^exoBb^ 
qecBÍe AOByMeHTu, Hacroan^ie, noj^JHHHiie — o^enB xpy^no. Jlev^e 
QOACMOTpŠTB H no^csymaTB seipfl, nfbm BŠ^earo aBTepa, neiOB^Ba. 

^HIÍ'B BBAOXHyJTB. 

— A Bi cyntHOCTH saq^Mi le&b 3th x^yMeHTU, ecxH^B 
Te64 H yxajíoCB etb coÓpaxB? — BospasHjPB JIgm(J)hhbi. — Th ho 
otforaTHJTB 6h hmh €Obpobhii^hhi](; B^^HOň fircTHHu. npexocraBB co- 

ÓHpaHÍe TaBHX^B MaJieHBBRX'B MrHOBeHHUXl HCTHHX HayBŽ. SMbWh 

Te64 BonaxBCfl b'b Byqí copa, Borxa apenofi wa ijoefl xteTOJB- 

HOCTH eiySHTB BeCB MÍp^? 

— JljBLj HO bíxb Ayma HaxoxHTca b'b rbjrb^ h to, Basi jioxh 
xyMaiorB, nyBCTByioTx h nocTynaiorB, saBHCHrB otb tofo, BaB'B ohb 

^XflTl, OBIOT-B H CMrB. Y HaCB CCTB BOCUpÍHM^RBOCTB, HaCTpoeHÍe^ 

^aHTasífl, HO dToro jifiLneJío ne AOCxaTO^no um Tóro, htoČbi Ha- 
DHcaTB 6oj[Bmofi BBcnepHMeHTajSBHHň ponan^, yse cyn^ecTByH>nqt 
sa rpaHHEiefi, ho o botopoitb mu en^e ho hm^itb nOHATÍfi. CoBpe- 
MeHHafl SH3HB BejiHBa H Mory^a, ho efl Bne^aTJitHifl ocTaK>TCfl y 
HacB TOJBBo Ha c^T^aToň o6oji07BÍ oasa. Mu xo TasoB crenenH 
CMynieHU h orjymeHBi Bcbwby m:b bx hoII ecTB HOBaro, qTO HHBOMy 
eme HH pasy ne yxajiocB nepepaÓOTaTB ee bx xyxoaecTBeHHiift 
oCpasi, m exBa jih h yxacrcfl. 

— Si ne noHHMaio TBoefi ÓesnaxeacHOCTH, — npoHSHecB, noxy- 
MaBi, JIeM(()HHB'B. — Vaswk STO Hec^acTBO x^fl xyxojBHHRa, ecjra if»- 
Tepiaj-B orpoMeH'B h TpefiyeTi nepepa6oTBH? yqenaro TaBaa pa- 
6oTa MoaterB HcnyraTB, noTony ^to oh-b xoj»eH'B bxoxhtb bo bc* 
MejiBqafimÍH hoxpoChocth ÓesBoneqHO pasHOofipasHcirB ABJíeHÍfi, ho 
CBotioxHuB xyxo»cHHR'B, oxapoHHufi cnoco6HOCTBK) cosepi^aHÍfl, XOJ- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



mATKlfl OCHOBBI. 605 

xeBi> A&Tb HaM'B ycjiEiniaTb eny o;(HOMy AOCTynnyH) rapMOHiio, 
npHMHpflioiiiyK) H paspimaioii^yH) Bdk jRHsaeHHHe auccobslecíi. 

Mh* JH rOBOpRTB OTO 16(54, BepTHHrb! 

— Xopomo TU roBopHDiB, HO satiHBaeniK oxbo: mu, cospeiieH- 

BOe nHCaTeJB, npHBOBaHU RI ^'bfiCTBHTeiBHOCTH acei^BHiiMH CSi^i- 

naMH. HamHiTB npexinecTBeHHHRairB Jierso (suro yjieraTB Ba 
spHiiBflrB ())aHTa3ÍB: v6m'b ;^ajLme ohh saieraiH, vbM% Óojbinift 
BiiBHBajH BocTopn. Ho BavKa iipo6y;(Hjia htb otb aao^Jia^iHuii 
CBOBit vh flCHOMy codHaaiK) A^ficTBHTejibHOCTH. Tenepb Bce eb xpH- 
BOiTB Tpedyerb 4>^tob^. Bo Bceifb mu ymjH Bnepexx, OAepsHBaH 
6e8qHCJieHHiifl noÓ^AU} — toubo bx JCHiepaTypš ocxajiHCb nosa^H 
Bdbx'B. Tu otjhhbo SHaenib, .Iom^hebi, sa hto óopeiicfl mu, mo- 
jome iiHcaTejiH. Qb Hacb AOBaibHO cja^rars jno($OBHurb craxoBi, 
BHTO^eHHUXi npo4»eccopcRflx% poMaHOBx H ApaMi, npeAcraBJtflio- 
o^HrB eo6oio BeyAauoe nOApasaHÍe niHjjiepy. ]lflÁOi Bce 9toí 
Ecjni BOSMOsna cnpaBeAiHBaa, HeofixoAHMaa h jmúKe cBatas peso- 

JIIQIUfl, TO HMOBHO Ta, Kl BOTOpOfi MU CTpeMHMCfl. 

^pnm saMOJiHaji h craxi sa^yM^EBO CMOTp^Tb na ropoví, na 
BCH) AOJiBHy, noíHyiD »H3HH, jífiESieuia a Tpy^a. ^osTop^b JÍeM- 
íjfKBVh Morb 6u MHoroe BospasHTb eMy, ho ho 8axorlj'b OTBje- 
KaTb ero orb ero TafiHUxi Mucjefi. Ohi bha'&i'b, hto wb xynii 
BepTHHra cospisajo Banoe-TO p^menie, h 9to oienb paxoBaxo ero. 
AiBMa po6RO nofJíflAUBajia c6oBy na $pHi^. Kor^a ohi raRX vjíy- 
60RO saAyMUBajicfl h TaBi cepbesao CMoip&irb, osa ocoóeaao acho 
aa^iEHaja ^lyBCTBoaaTb cyn^ecTBOBaBmyio Mesxy hhmh pasnaiiy h 
pasA^flBmee HX'b pascToame. Bi TaBÍfl MHByTu efi Cuaajo oqeab 
rpycTHO. BepTHHrb 6pocHjrb nocjšxBifi BsvMyh na ropo;^'b h cx 
qyBCTBOMx yAOBjíeTBopemfl BHBay^ii roJOBOfi. 



II. 

^ofiAA ]í,o ropoAa, AOBTop'b JeM^HHBi pascTajTCfl ci cbohmh 
;ipy8bflMH. EMy aa^o Óujio no ;^y vb pe^aBOÍio. AjibMa noBHCJia 
Ha pys^ $pHqa. Osa HeMHoro ycTaia orb HenpaBuqHofi nporyjiBH. 
MeAiieHHO iTLSH OHH HO yjiHqaMS, — ToponHTbCfl 6ujio Hesy^a. Hx^b 
2M[aJia ^ymnan BOMnara, CByj^auK ysHHx r »ecTBafl nocTOJib, Ha 
BOTopoí TOJbBO Bi pascB^Ty y^aBajiocb 3a($uTbCJi taso.iumx chomx. 

^^pHi^i ne Bcer^a no8BOJfl.7x Ajbmí rasx BHcnyTb na ero pyB'b. 
OH'b BOo6n:(e ne jh)6hji ,(|)aMHJÍapHOCTefi aa yjai^^b^, sasi oai 
aasuBaj^b o6uBBOBeHHO npoBBJíeHie H'6sRH0CTa npH nocTopoHHHXi. 
^BMa »e, nanpoTHBx, saBx ÓoJbrnaacTBO A4BynieB'b bi ea nojo- 

ToMi v.— Ortotpb, 1902. 39/ij 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



606 Bl^CTHHKl BBPOOU. 

seHÍH, xoT^a 6ti, hto6ii secb cb^^t^b 8Hai'B, ^to ohh npHHaAie- 
sarB xpyn Apyvj. Ohe OHeu ropj^Hiacb hmi h ci yBaseflieirB 

OTHOCHJaCb Blb erO MOIHaHilO, XOBOIECTByflCb B08]IOSHOCT&íO nozH- 

MaTb eMy on epenenH xo speneHE pyxy* 

Ha cvbniy hhho soTopott ohb duh, Óiua npHueena orpon- 
Hafl poBOBafl SL^nmA, uacHBmaH, ito kb o^hoitb hbi yBecaraTeA- 
Hux'b caAOffb fiy^erb jiani ceroxHfl BeHepoM'b soaoieprb-MOHCTpi 
ABjTh opnecipoBi BoeHHOfi MyBiuui npH „BaunetiHOMiocBtmemH^. 

Ajibifa ocTMOBHJiraeb h craja HHTaxb a^j^Hiny orb eauia ;^o 
BOflEia, HO ^pHif^b orraiBíHJi ee Ba pysy, aparraopHBrb: — Bon 
yaacb-To! 

Aibiia eb cosai^BÍeMi oromia on a^HoiH, DpoHBBexníett aa 
Hee rjyfioRoe Bne^aTJriHÍe. ^BoimeÓHoe ocsin^enie^ h „sooi^epn- 
MOHcrpí^ KtdajHCb efi Bepxom BejiHsartaifl h HBan^ecTBa, h e& 
TaKb xoT&iocb ooBecejHTbCfl HMCHHO cerojí,Eaf nocjii ao^hxx csyn- 
HHxi Ee^bjíh. 

Oaa HH^ero hh CBasaja, ho ^Hiiy caiioMy BApyn npHouo fb 
rojiOBy npoBecTH BO^epi vh axoM^b caxy. 

— XoTb MyBttBa 6yAen h My^HTeabnaa, — CRasan ohi, — 
Barnep^b b% 6eBo6pa3HOM'b HcnojmeBÍH h „BeHrepcicafl pancoAÚ^y 
HcnoíHeHHafl Fb br;^^ BoeHHaro Mapma, ho Bce-iasH mu xoxb no- 
AHmeMx CB&BHMi BOBxyxoiTb. KpoM^ TorO) mhí cxpímno HaAO^a 
jnoócsafl B0Ji6aca, Boropoň naci sasAuft seiepi KopMHn ^pay 
RjHnneib, h mu mohcmi kyTHyTb paBO^esi. 

AjbMa Óujia B% BOCTopri. 

Ouu piniHJiH Bce-TaBH nofixH cnanajia jiOMOfi, xasi sasi en^e 
ne 6ujio ceMH qacoBi, a BOHEieprb 6uii HasHa^en^b bi^ x^batomi* 
^opora Hx^b mjia yjiHi^aMH, buxoxhbhihmh bi oispuToe noie, no- 

TOMl OHH BUmJIH Ha HJOlUaXb, B'b rJiy6HHÍ BOTOpOfi. BUTflHyJOCb 

(|)a6pHqBoe 3AaHÍe, h sax^Mx onaib nonue no yj[Hi^aM'b ch 6e8o6pa8- 

HUMH CJ^pO-SeJlTUMR XOMaMH H BUCOBHMH rOJUMH CX^HaMH. 06h- 

xaxejiH axoro BBapxajia eejiH xhshb CBOÓoxnyio h HenpHHyAxeHHyK). 
MysqHHu bx 0AH'6x'b sHJtexBax^b, cb cnrapofi wb syóaxi, h sen- 
H^HHu Bx Ó.iysaxi xoBOJBHO jeFBOBfucjeHHaro ({)acoHa Bur.iiixuBaiH 

HB^B OBOHl, OÓJIOBOXHBHIHCB Ha QOAOBOHBHBH. II,ÍJUfl CeMBH npe- 

CHOBofiHO ysHHajiH, yxoÓHO paBMicxHBHiHCB Ha yjííTiib. Jl^ixH ycxpoH- 

BaJIH myMHUfl Hrpu H 6%r&IH CB BH3rOM'B H BpHBOM'b. ^"iBymBE, 

oxixufl no MOjsíb, Cb nepaniJiHBOtt npnqecBOfi h rpasnuMB pysaMH, 
nepemenxuBajHCB, xHXHBaa, nporyjHB&iHCb no yjEuíb h homaxu- 
BajHy BaBb 6yxxo c^iyqažHO, na rpynny mojoxux'b jfoxefi, cxoab- 
mHxi na yr.iy, sacynyB^ pysH B^b Bapnanu h cxBHnyBí mansH na 
saxujioBB. BceBOSMOSHue cnei^R(|)HqecBÍe sanaxH cxpynjHCb hbi 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



mATBIH OOHOBU. 607 

ABepefi jí^ouovh h norpetfHuxi orohx. Bhtphhu narasHHOBi 6iij[h, 
sasEJocE, cnei^iajbHO cosabhu aj^h ujx^h. Oni oÚjAuejie CTeua h 
pana, KaiTb qepHUfl hsiomhhh, ee Aasan bosmoshocth pascMOTpŠTb 
BiiCTasjíeHHBifi TOBap^b, ^t5, BnpoqeMi, Óujio h b'b jyqmeMy, no- 
TOMy qxo eABa m 6u oh'b moi-b npHBje^b noBynaTejeft. 

B'b Apyroe Bpeiffl ^pHii^B BeprHHrB nocn^iDHjrB 6u lUiKb mosho 
€Bopie HsČaBHTbCfl orB BC'&x'B 9THX'L Bne?aTjrÍHÍft, HO cero^Hfl oitb 
saMeAJHXB marH, npHCMaTpHBaflCb bo Bceny oBpyacaioiiieMy cb jio- 
ÓoBHuiťB HHTepecoM'B. RasaJocB, HjfioAH, HAOMa, HBCH yjHi^a co- 
o6ii;aj!ra e3fy saBÍfl-TO BasHufl TafiHu. ÁJihHh ne Morja noHATE, 
noqeMy oh'b BApyrs ocraHaBjrHBajcfl h BEHMarejEHO pa8rjrfl;(iiBaji'L 
camie HesHaqHTejsHne npeAMeru^ ho ne sa^asaja eny HHBasHxi 
BonpocoB^, 3Haa, ^to nnor^a neocroposnoe cjobo ch ea cropoHH, 
jCMbmESL HJiH saiii^qaHie mooh BtiBecrn ero est^ ce6ň. 

AjsMa 6oflJiacb bcabhxi ci^eH'B, ne un xpycocTH, a noTOvy 
HTO Aora^Bajacb CMyrao, hto sasxftfl JiHniHas pasifOJBBa yiieHb* 
maja sanacb jk)6bh h H'kKHOCTH, axorb o(5npfi BanHTairb; yBejH- 

qHBETb BOTOpUfi 6UJIB, CHOCOÓHa OHa o;(Ha. 

Ror;^a ohh npRnuiH AOMofi, to (|)pay KiHnnejib, hxx Bsaprup- 
Hafl xo3flfiBa, coo6ntHjra ^pHi^y, ^to y nero 6ujrh Basofi-TO rocno- 

AHHX H OCXaBHJIl SaHHCBy, H BpOMŠ TOFO CMy HpHHeCJH HHCbMO Cb 

noHTH. IlHCbMO STO OBadajTocb OTb cecrpu $pHi^a, coo6iitaBmefi, 
^To Hyarb en nojiyqHjrb noBumeHÍe h nepeBeAeH'b bi& BepjiHHi, 
By^a OHH H nepeixajH. Cb nepeM'lHofi M^CTa v-wh Be^nep^b no- 
jyqH;i'b Tasse ÓójbmiB OBJía^^, ^t5 o^eHb pa^OBajio ero seny, h 

eAHHCTBeHHUMl TeMHHMX nflTH0M'b FB Cfl SH3HH 6uM paSMOIBBa, 

Bume^Hiafl y 6paTa cb efl MyaceM^b. O^naBO axo ne Morjo BjdflTb 
Ha ea OTHomeHÍe B^b 6paTy. Ilpn stomi, sasi 6u MHMOxoxoM'b, 
cecxpa coo6majia eny, qxo ^peft-ieflH-B Mapnxeni IlayjiH Bce eme 
He Bunua 8aMys'B. 

$pHq'B ycM^xHyjicfly qHxaff sth cxposH. RoHcxani^ÍH 6Eija ho- 
HdMŠHBa H Bce euxe ue xepajia na^esAu CA'J^jiaxb hsi nero, cb 
noMon^bfo Ópasa, cojiHAHaro 6K)prepa. 

Jljiň oojiHoB xHnnqHocxH nncbMa ne^ocxasajo xoJibBO yBi^n^a- 
BÍfi, HO H OHH ORaaajiHCb ao;rB Bonei^. Be^Hep^b npoqejrb bi 
saBofi-xo raaexi pa3CRa3'B $pHua h Hamejix, hxo 9xo — „HSA^Ba- 
xejTbCXBO fla;íx bcímx, qx5 ecxb CBaxoro". JKen* ohx ra3eTH h B'b 
pyKH ne a&J'b, ho x^mi ne MeH'le ona cnpamHBajia ^pni^a, 3a- 
hÍmi oh'b HHcajiT. nojíofiHbia BemH? Hjth ohi cobcími saĎHj^, qxo 
npoHCxoAHrb hsi xoporaett ceMbH? Íx5 6buo 6u ci oxi^oitb, xaBi 
AOpOSHBHIHlďb CBOHlťB AoCpuMi HMeneMi! 

IlHCbMO BOHqa;rocb BoapocoMx, cocxohxx jih Bce en^e ^pni^^b B:b 

39* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



608 B%CTHHK% HBPOim. 

6jh8rhx% oTHomeHÍflxi c% „Toň oco6ofi'', ^ci soTopoň ohh ero bctp^ 
qajuE B'B EepjHH^. IIoAOÓHiifi o0pa8'B aiCHSHH AOJseHi 6urh eM} 
o6xoAHTBCfl oqesb Aoporo, a hs po;(Hiix'B oh'b se AOJseHiE Óiuii 

paSCHHTBIBaTB. 

^pHi^i. cj[02RBj'B nHC&MO H cnpflTan ero Bh smfoeh croia, 
^To6sl oflo se nonaaocb AjibHŠ, aoTOH'^ bsaji saiiHCRy BeHSBtcT- 
naro rocncAHea h noAomei^b cb Heio bi osný. 

HŠRÍň Eapojb npHrjamajrB ero npH^Ta ceroAHE ae^epoiťB kb 
OAsy nBBHyiOy ch ofiosHa^emeiTB cmía, sa BOTopuifB oh^b dy^erB 
ero asAaTB. fiaposB sHai^B JBepTHHra do ero couHemaifi h rop^i 
sejaBÍeui nosBaBOiiHTBCfl ctb coOparoMx no nepy. Oh^ Óujtb yvi- 
pOB^, ^TO O0H BpecaŠAOBajíK OABy h Ty se ujbjLhy h 61120 6u bo- 
dTOMy BBTepecBO BoroBopHTB ch r^asy Ba oaai. Tob'b mcBMa ae 
BOBpaBHJicfl BepTBBry^ — cjhbikomi vb aeMi qyBCTBOBajocB (kuBmoe 
caiiOMB']&BÍe, — flo Bce-TaBB 8tot'b KapojB uorh bm^tb BAÍflBÍe vb 
jiHTepaTypBuxi c4)epax'B, h 6buo 6u se&iáropasyMBO OTBasaTBCfl 

OrB CBHAaBÍfl. 

B^B 8Ty MBSyTy HBI CBaJIBBOfi BHBMa A^IBMa Bl CBOeMX CaMOlTB 
mtpaxBOiťB B^iaTBi. 

— HaA^TB Mfli 6apxaTByK) mMDy? — CBpocBja OBa: — bjh cb 
Masaiifl? 

— HSBBBH, AOpOrafl, — OTBŠqaJ['B $pBirB, — MU Be Moa^eicB 
BATB B'B BOBI^eprB: fl AOJ[SeB'B OTBpaBBTBCfl BX o^BOicy rOCBOAHBy, 
BOTOpBift MB^ OCTaBflJI'B BaflBCBy. 

CifliDBiee JiHi^o AiBMBi cpasy OMpa^BJíocB. Cjie^u BEiCTyBHJB y 
Beji Ba rja8ax'B, oaa xorkira ^to-to CBasaTB, bo yAepxuuacb b 
OTBepByiacB bx OBBy. 

^pim% CTSuTb efi oÓiflCBflTb, BaBx BasBo ÓhiJio AJfl Bero sna* 
BOMCTBO erb Rapo^eiťB, bo OBa Be BŠpajia b qyBCTBOBaja ce6fl 
oyÓOBO ocBopÓJieBHoft. Ctobjio EaBOMy-TO BeasBÍCTBOMy rocno- 
ABBy BaaHcaTB eny, b botx ya;^ obx saóujix AasBoe eS o6ÍB\aflie. 
Oaa co^HpajiacB oneaB BecejBTBCfl aa BOBE^epxi, bo ecjiBÓu obx 
CBasajx efi: „h BanHmy oxBasx dTOiry qejiOB']&By, a th oŤBasHCB 
OTb CBoero ROBqepTa, h BpoBeAeMx Be^epx AOMa BABoeai", to obb 
CB BOCToproMi corjacHJiacb 6u na sto npeA^osesie. Efi ae TaBX 
Baseax Óuji^b BOBi^eprB, BaBx apesia, DpoBeAOBaoe Cb bbicb, b 
fiesyMBo 6BLao sajiB BOTepaafluxx c^acTjBBuxx qacoBX.. 

BepTHflrB noAomejii k% EeH^ BOTpeo&sx ee bo mfiKb b o6i- 
mjsui^b nocíš-saBTpa npHrjiacBTB JIea(|)HBBa b uoo61iji,sm> BTpoeicx 
sa ropoAOMx, bo 3to 06'ln^aBÍe bbcbojibko ae yTtoiajo. AjiBMy. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



niATlIfl OOHOBU. 609 



m. 



$pfli^ BepTHHrb H AxhMSL J[yBC% bctp^thjhcb nepBHtt pas^ 
Wh Bepsawb ciHniBOirB ro;ix TOny nasa;^. CeMBfl Aamh 6ua^ 
oieHB BejraRa, OTei^B pane ynep^b, h iiaTB Bunua saHyasrB sa mojo- 
jífivo nejOBŠBa, sHBmaro y hhx'b bi» aom%, bi^ xa^CTB^ e&xjAÚ- 
HHRa. DocTynOBi HaxepH BOSnyTHjrB AjBMy, h oaa p^niEia yfirn 

<XrB Hefl, ^TO^BI HCRaTB CaMOCTOflTeJIBHatt pa6oTEi. Efi docob^to- 

Ban no^xaTB b^b BepjHH'B, h oea ^^ficTBHTejfiBHa o^ieHB csopo 
Hamjia ce&k xopomee mícto b^b ÓOJihmowh nonfiowb narasHHi. Ho 
SHTB ett ÓEiJio HejerRo: oahhi npHBas^HicrB CTarB npeci^AOBaTB ee 
€BOHMR yiasHBaHÍflMH, a TOBapBH cwbajnuch aax^ ea He^ocryn- 
HCxrrBK). BcTp^THBiiiHCB CB $pRi](eirB, AjBMa OTjmHO noHflxa, qro 
OH<B He co^Hpajicfl ea Heft seHHTBCfl, ho saro ero h neaBsa 6euo 
cpaBHHTB co BcbMH efl npesHHMH yxasHBaTejflMH. Oh*b 6hj-b na- 
CTOiin^ifi, H OHa nojiio<$HJia ero nepBOfi, HacToan^eft jmóoshio. 

^pHiCB noTpetioBaj^B, ?to6ii ona OTBasajiacB otb CBoero irbera 
vh ifara8HH'6. Tor;^a y nero eni^e Gkijih ^^hbfh, h ohi hmšjtb bos- 
HOSHOCTB HapBsaTB ee, RaBi HacTOflQiyK) Mfi^y. Oea He snaia, 
^iťB coÓCTBeHHO saHHMajcfl BepTHHrB, H Borxa oh^b oÓ^abhjtb efi, 

TTO 0H'B — n09T%, TO OHa HpHHflja dTO 8a HiyTBy H nOBipeJia TOJIBBO 

Torxa, Bor^a eft vb pysH nonajcfl c6opHHB% ero cthxobi, ch HMOHeirB 
aBTopa Ha qójíoxbA. C'b judóodutctbom^b npHHfljacB ona oepejiHCTii- 
BaTB EHHry, ho ^pni^B otha^i^b y nea cGopoHsi, CBasaBi, ^to ona, Boe 
paBHO, HH^ero ne nofiMerB. Tor^a ona (tb fop^^octbk) sasBHja, hto eiqe 
vb mjíojs^ y^Hjra cthxh nansycTB, h na^aja-teja xeBJíaMHpoBaTB, 
HO ^pHi^B sasRajii ymH h supHqajTB, ^to oaa ero yMoperB cbo- 
HITB y^aHAOMx. 

AjiBMa noBHaROMHJiacB ci rhu% o6ii^ecTBOMi, b<b Boropom Bpa- 
H^ajcB BepTHHrB^ h coBepmeHHO ne snaja, Bas^ ce6H ;iepsaTB cb 
BtHifH yxHBHTejBHiniH jiiOABMH. Oco6eHHO HopaiULiH ee xaMBi: Basi 
oai ox^BajíHCB H o qeifB fobophjeh! Ona npoCoBau noAxepsHBaTB 
Ch HHMH pasroBopi, HO Ha Hoe cMOTpiiH BarB Ha cyo^ecTBO hstb 
xpyroro vipa, hjr se HawHajra cm^^atbob Hajixefl BuroBopoifB, h 
ona BHX^a, BaBx HenpiflTHO axo Óujio ^pni^y. Ona npotfoBaia 
oopaB^ftiBaTBCfl nepeAi hhmi naexHHi, ccBiJotaflCB na cboid Heo6pa- 

BOBaHHOCTB, HO BepTHHPB BOSpasaJTB, TTO íJjIO TyrB ne B3» OTcyx- 

ctbíh otipasoBaaifl, a b% orcyrcTBÍH Bsyca. 06padOBaHÍe mosho 

DpÍ0<$p%CTH, HO BByCl H TaBTB ^OJISHBI 6bITB HpHpOSAeHHUe. Eft 

<(iijio TaBi HeBQBOfflMO co»iiaHÍe, TTO $pHax CTUAHTGfl ea nepex^ 
CBOHUH APyBBHMH, ^TO OHa CTaja coBdiťB yAajíflTBCfl OTB Hxi o6nie- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



610 fifiCTHHBl EBPOniI. 

CTBS H SHj[a B% nojHoifb OAHHoqecTB^. ^fl Hefl cyo^ecTBOBan 

TOJIbBO OAHH-B $pHIl'B. HHOrAa OHI GUBaj^B OHeHb MHJIl H Ao6pi 
Kl Hefiy 0C06eUH0 Vh C^aCTJIHBtlfl MEHyiEI HXl COBMŠCTHOÍt SH3HH, 

HO EHor^a c'i;aHOBHjicfl pšsoBx, zojio^eHi h b% ero OTHomeBÍH ki 
Heň noflBJULiocb jífiíSRe ^to-to BpaaA^ÓHoe. Ona doaia, hto EHor^a 
OH^b CuBajTB osaÓOHeB^B CBOHMH jsfiHesLBuusí flihjíBMBj H npHnHCUBajta 
OToň 8a6oTÍ nepeMiny bi^ ero nacipoeflÍH. Ohi caiii HRBor^a ne 
roBopHj['B ěŘ o CBOHx^B A&iaxx, H Kor^a ona pasi ptmHJiacB cupo- 
CHTb ero, TO OHI OTBŠqan, qxo b% repnanÍH na Bce ecxs copocb 
H Bce onja^HBaexcfl, spoMŽ cthxobi. Tor^a ona nocoB^TOBaia eHy 
iiHcaTB HTO-HHÓyAb Apyroo, 9t6 dphhochjio 6u aoxoa'b. Ohi ropbBO 
pascM^jcfl H Ha3B&ia> ee „Eboíí". KaB'b pa3'b b% dto BpeuflBep- 
THHFb 6iui> yBdie^eni noHCBaMH HOBaro HCsyccTBa h pimHJi na 
co6cTBeHHufi c^erb nocxaBHTb na cíleny CBOiOApaMy „TfldS coh^b'', 
TaB'B KaB'b BC^ Teaxpu oxBasasHCb npBHAXb axy abecy. Ohi ynoxpe- 
ÓEJTh Ha nocxanoBKy cboh nocJi']kAHÍfl fifiBhva. Ci ceMbefi owb paso- 
mejiCB. Oxeu^ ho Horb npocxHXb eMy, ixo on^b 6pocHJi'b fopHAH^ecsyio 
sapbepy h cxajii DHcaxb cxhxh h nbecu, Boxopux^ EHr^t ne 
xoTŠJiH cxaBHXb. C6opHHR'b ero cxHxoBi ne ocx&ica HesaiciqeH- 
Huiťb cpe^H SHaxoKOBi, HO HO npHH0CHJ['b eiiy HHBaBoro xoxoxa. 

ApaMH 0H% Ha^aji^b nHcaxb eni^e wh panneň iohocxh, yBjesaflCb 
cna^ajia Jleccanroiix, niHJiaepOHi, RepnepoMi h JlayCe, ho Bcb 
bxh aBTopHxeru noMepBJH nepeA'b HOBuirb CBixH^ioirb, npoHHBmHirb 
H Bi HiMeiqsyK) JtHxepaxypy, — nepeA'b HÓcenosirb. líojí,% BJÍflEieiťb 
ero yAHBHTejibHb[X'b ApaM'b, BepTHHrb h HaiiHcaj'b CBOít ,|THxifi 
coHi^. Bi HOM^b OH^b xox^i Hosasaxb, Mxo f^Jiň TOHBaro coBsamfl 
coBpeHeHBux^ sK>jífiŘ qeiOBŠRi cxaHOBHxcfl HeroAfleifb* ne xorxa, 
Bor^a Hapymaerb saBOHti A^meBOň xo^A^efi nopajH, ho sor^a co- 
Bepmaexx ropasAO 6oj^e xoBBÍa norp^oíHOcxH, ne npecj^yemiH 
rocy^apcxBOMi: cxa&OBHxcfl HpaBCXBeHHtiMi xpycom a OTBasii- 
Baexcfl orb CMŠjHxi nocxynBOB^b. 

B-b Apaiťl 6BUE0 najio BH^mHaro ABHsemfl, ho, nash sasaiocb 
aBxopy, eMy yjiajocb ofinasEXb wh nefi HŽBOxopbia CBpiixjufl cxo- 

pOHbl AyXOBHOtt 2KH8HH HOJOB^Ba. 

IIpeACxaBjeHie ne Hifkio ycnšxa. IlyéjHBH co(5pajiocb Maio. 
ABxep^b, npexHasHaqaBmificfl a^a r^aBsofi pojH, BnesanHO y^ixajťb, 
H ero sBMiBHJTh BTopooxeneBHufi xparHB'b, npHqeifb HrpaBmafl ch 
HHiťb aBxpHca 6uá9l BABoe Btime ero poQxoifb. 3xo oÓcxoaxejbCTBO 
BtisHBajo cpeAB CBynaion^eS nyÓJHSH ne noAXOXfln^ee jpa ApaMa 
Becejoe Hacxpoeme. Ror^a saHaBŽci onycxHJicfl B'b noca^HÍfi pasi, 
xo Apysbfl aBTopa na^ajw ycHjeHHO ann^OAHpoBaxb, ho ocxaiboafl 
ny6jiHEa sacxaBEia hxi saifOJiaxb aHeprHqecsHSfb oiHKaHbeMi. Ha- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



niATBIfl OCHOBH. 611 

saHyff6 BepTHHrE, en^e yBŠpeHHHft bi ycnirl, npHTJiacHJi cborx^ 
xpysefi OThjxBBMh c^b hhmi uůcjA cneoraKM. Ysehi cocroEica; 
HecMorpfl Ha npoB&ii nbecii, Bct crapaiHCB BasaxBCfl Becaraira, h 
MagCHMHjiaH^ HaKe;(e, TOBapHI^^ ^pni^a no yHEsepcHreTy h no 
nepy, npoHSHeei yTÍnmejin»HyK) p^qb. Ho &bjsflu& asTopo^ qyBcxBO- 
Baj:B c^ OTBpaTHTeiBHO. IIoAi yTpo Tpoe nomaTyBaiontHxcfl xpr 
sefi AOcraÉiLor ^pni^t na ero ssaprapy. OpocHyeniHCb bi nojyjicHH), 
owb yBHxaji'B Bo&ii ce(SA AiBMy, ne npHcyrcTBOBaBmyH) na npe^- 
CTaKneniH. Besi ero upEr^ameHÍfl, ona nepe6paiacb si neiiy ea 
BBapTHpy H CB vbx% nop'b ne pascraBaiacs cb hhmx. 

^pni^ ne Bospasaji^b efi. IIocjí CHJiBnaro B03(5ysA6HÍii no- 
CJríbAHHX'B HOA&iB, na nero nanaao rjyCoBoe paBno^ymie bo Bceny 
cmpyjBaKMi^eMy. K'l aiony TsmeJiouy cocTOAnÍH) npHCoeAHHHJicfl en^e 
HexocTaTOBi fe A6HBrax'B. Co Bdbx'B croponi eiíy npeKbBBJUuach 
meTUj a uaTHTB tejno hohíitb. Bhíth bs^b atoro nojsosems eiiy 
noxorja neosHAi^Bafl aHOHEMnafl npnctiJiBa h^bojbbhx'b cotb 
MapoKB. OffB AoriMascfl, ?to dTO 6urb noxapoBi ero Apyra Ha- 
šené, H xoTfl TiiafieJio 611JO npflHHMaTB ero, ho sth AeHBrn cnacjH 
ero on noíHOfi HHniieTu. 

Bi 8T0 se BpeMfl ^pHm Hocian nscBiio Apyroiiy cnoeny 
TOBapMn^y, 6apoHy Maxansy myCcBony, nHcaBmeify eny hbi Ila- 

pHSa, VrO 9T0 — eAHHCTBeHHUfi rOpOAl, Vb BOrOpOlTB HeiOBÍB!B CTB 

yMOMx H BBycoMi» Moaien ^ero^HHĎyxB AOÓarBCg. BepTHHrB €Oo6- 
wíMJrh TOBapHn^y o CBoefi neyxaqš h o HanipeHÍB nepe^iaiB bi 
Ilapasi, HO B'B HeotiiiBBOBeHHo CscTpo nojiyqeHHOiCB otb^tš iny6- 
C3Ú& yajeHHO eiiy bto orcoB^TOBajTE. UiueujBoiíY Hacejeniio, no 
ero elOBaMi, kb IlapEs-b x^aTB 6hjio nevěro, h caiTB owh co6h- 
pajicfl "ixaiB Wh AHrjriio. Bo Bcek'B nBCBHi qyBCTBOBascfl CTpax'B, 
HTO eicy npHAercír ycTpoHBaiB TOBapH^a h boshtbca cb hhmi. 

Bi BTOTB ne^aiBHHft nepioA^ shshh BeprHHFa nonaai okb 
BoepBHe; BasurB coBpoBHn^exx odjia^an b% jihi^ Ajibmii. Ea mh- 
Mňn 6ojrroBHa orsjíauura ero on Mpa^Biixi xsiciefi, h oh'b Aftse 
CTajTB naxc^Tby qro en saMŠiamfl ne jnneHH HadnoAaTejBHoCTH 
H oorpoyidfl. IIpecjŠAOBaBiirid ero ney^a^H x&^h e& bosmoshoctb 
AOBasaTB 6My cbok) jdoÓobb. £& xotí^jocb fiespasA&iBHO BaBJíax^TB 
ero xymofi h sacraBHTB ero nojno^HTB xaBi se cosbho, BaBx jho- 
6KKa OHa eaMa. 

B'B OAHHi npespacHBifi a6hb, ero nocŮTKrB ero sbtb BexHepi, 
db npeAioseHiem x^nesHOfi homo^h. IIpH btoitb owl cTaBHJTB 
TpM ycjiwis: BepTHHrB xojseni 6ujrh 6pocHTB saHATÍe jraTeparypofi, 
pasofiTHCB e% AjBMofi H BepHyTBCfl Bi lopHAHqecBofi BapBepi. 

9to npeA^oasenie poACTBOHHHBa noA^flcTBOBaio na $pHi^a naai 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



612 nOTHHBIb EBPOmi. 

yAapi xjucTa. Oh'b HSJHJi^b Bce CBoe Hero^OBaHÍe bi i^oitl pflxi 
acKHsoB^b, 6HHeBaBinHX'B coBpeMesHyK) ceMBio, en Jiosb h en rHBjyio 
epaBCTBeiiHOCTb. 3cEHd^ are Óujie Hane^aTaHii wb H^CKOJiEsarB 
raseiaxi, h ohi npio6p'!ki'B hmh 6dj[i»myH) nooyjupHOCTB b^ xe^eme 

E!ÍClSK>JlhKBXl> nejíibJlhy HŠH^ BCŠMH CBOflHH npeaKHHMR npoHSBeA^^ 
HiflMH, BM']&Cr& BSflTlUtH. BlíimaTeJbCTBO pOACTBeHHHKa Vb erO JiH^ 

Hyio lEHSHb Híťkio H eiD^e Apyroe nocjLŠxcTBÍe: ^pnitx en^e Ďojibiiie 
ouíbBEJí% AjisMy H npHBBsajCfl Kb Heň eme CEUbBie. 



IV. 

Hajií^BO, y BToporo CTOJHKa orb BXOAa b% iiHBHyH), csmíkrb oh- 
caTeJSb Kapojib h o6jí,yuuB9un> t% npÍBTHUA ;iifl aBTOpcBaro caifo- 
jiK>6ÍH cjíobblj KOTopufl roTOBHjTCfl CKa8aTb ^Bi^y BepiHHry. 

OTeu^-b Kapoofl (HacToan^ee hmh ero 6£uio 3Bdib6epx) 6wrb 
m^b noďbCKHxi eBpeeBi> h nepeceiujicfl hsi DoobniH kb ŤepiiaHifo. 
CTapmíá cfiiH'b, Shp^phai^ noc&n^ajrb peajbHys) msojiy h oresci 
roTOBHJii ero bi Eyni^, ho MajibHHB'b pano crsjvb yBieuTEca jra- 
TepaTypoS. Bi^ niRo;i^ ohx ysHajrb o KsonmTOBJ^, JeccBHr^ Bh- 
jiaHjii, Tep^epi, IIlHxiep'i h FSTe, Basrb o BeJiBBBTb npejccraaB- 
TejiHxx eŠMei^coň jiHiepaTypu, ho can^ ohi Ay)iaď'b c(»cix'b HHaqe. 
^fl nero cyn^ecxBOBajx tojhbbo oahh% nHcaTejib — reBifflX'b TefiBe. 
OcTa^bHEixi OH^ apeasaBaji^b B'b sa^ecTBi aB%3A'b Biopofi BeiiH^BHH. 

CjyqaňHO OMy nonasa wb pysH 6poiniopa Jlaccajfl h apoBSBeu 
Ha Hero rjtyCosoe Bne^aTJi'lHÍe, a otb JlaccajiA ohi uepemej% Kb 
óojiie ÓJaropasyiiHOMy h Men^ remajbHOMy Kap^iy MapBcy b 
CA'^ajicfl BpacH£iM'b HHTepHan^ioHaaBCTOiťb. 

DojLHTHqecRifl H jHTepaTypHEiB CTpeiLieHifl cuHa 6iuh coBep- 
meHHO qyjBAu cxapHBy 3Hj[b6epy. EAHHCiBeBBOfi ero noJiBTBBofi 
6ujio sejtaHÍe mwTb co bcšmh bx Jiaxy, a jBTepaTypy c^HTarB OB*b 
saBflTÍeHi, ue npBfiocfln^Biťb A^serb, a (^"bAOBaTejibBO Óesaojies- 
HUMi. 3Hr4)pHA'b, OBou9BBi> iBBOjy, pascTaiCH . cb orqoMfb H ompar 
BHJCfl Hcsaib no CB'&Ty c^acTba. ^flSHb ero 6iua ne fl3!b jiemx'^; 
jiHTepaTypHue h nojiBTHqecBÍe spysBH oxotbo npHHBM&ifl ero Kb 
ce6']& B-b uenu h ci y^OBOJbCTBÍeMi cjrymasH ero sasHraTeJibHHfl 
pi^H, HO xenerb eiiy 8to ne Aasajo, h ohi sa^acTyn) rojoxaji. 
Ovb OTHaflHÍfl eťó cnacaji!b TOJbBo cBoficTBeBHuft ero pact oiítb- 
Hflaii^b H cooco6BOCTk qyBCTBOBaxb ceófl Besx'^ BBKb na powHÍ« 
Ha qejOBŠíecTBo ohi cMoxp&i^b BaKb na Maxepiajrb a^b cb(^xx 
HjaHOBi, h qyxbeMii aoHBi^b, qxo HMesno b^b bxomi^ fiojbmoMi ro- 
poAt eny yAacxca npBBecxH bth ojiaHbi bi HcnoíHeHie. IIpesAe 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



IHATBIfl OCHOBEI. 613 

Bcero eiiy HysHO 6iiJ0 (XJdaBecTRCB JiHrepaTypHEiMH SHasoMCTBaMH, 
H yse HRorie necaTejiH nojy^ajH ovb nero TaEoe npHrjiameHie, 
xaKoe 0B'B ociaBHJii BepfHary. Owaso AajieRO He bČ6 nMSJíECh 
Ba CBHAaHÍe, h noaTOiiy Eapojib 6ujrb bt> Boeropri, yBHAaBi y 
Bxoxa Fb nHBHyH) erpofleyiD ^Hrypy ti^oKyparo MOJiOAoro nejio- 
BJbut, HepšmHtejibHO orjifl^^iiBaBniarocfl BpyroiťB. Oh^b ÓiiCTpo BcrajTE 
H nomeji^L si neMy aa BCip^qy. 

— Bh rocno^Hi BepraHra? Si — Kapojrb. 

^hÍ^i orjfl;^^^ ero ci y^esjíeHieM^b. Eny h fb roJOBy ee 
npHxowJto, ^TO RapoďB Chjíi eBpefi. 

KapoJiB 6HjrB HespacHBi, ho y Hero, RaKi y BCflBaro thiih^- 
Haro npeACTaBHTejfl cBoefi pacH, Úwio oieHB HHrepecHoe h ne 
jHniesace npHBjeRaTejiBHOCTH jihi^o. 

— fl yae AftBHo xotíjtb noBBaBOMHTtcfl ct aBTopoMt „THxaro 
esa"", — Ha^arB 3Hr())p]ix% 3H.7B($epi, Borxa obh yebjracB sa ctojh- 
KoarB. — H Bovh cjiy^afi... mh hítb, ne cjiyq^! Bt> ^yxoBHOiPB 
poxcTB'6 cjy^aeBi ne ÓHBaeTx. B^b €aMoiťB a^í, ne y^HBiiTeiEBHO 
JIH aro? Si erpeiunDCB c% Bami nosHaBOMHTbCfl, ho ne xoqy a^ 
jiMB aToro nHGBMeHHO, noTOMy ^to hhcbmo ras^B 6e3CHJiBHO h TaBi 
Majo nepexaerB, — h BjpyrB ysnaio, mo tu aiHBeTe bi oahom-b ro- 
poMJb CO HHOiO) mo Bu, RaBi H fl, GtoaiH cK>Aa, cnacaflCB otb 
^noACBoro HenoHBHaHÍfl. He coTTHTe 9to Ba necRpoMHOCTB, rocno- 
AHHX EepTHHrB, BO fl yB^peHiy ^to He tojibbo b^b HamHX'B npoas- 
BeAeHiflx^B, HO H B% Haraeft cy^BCt ecxB too-to oóntee, pOA- 

CTBOBHOe. 

Bi TaB(»i'B poAib npoAOJisaji'B oh'b h AaiBme, pascRasajii $pHay 
BCio CB0H> 6iorpa<{)iK) h, kl yxHBjeHÍH) BepTHnra, npe nepBOM'Bse 

BHaKOMCTB^ OTBpBJ^B OMy B(Á „paHU CBOOFO CepOTa" H BBeJTB CFO 
BTt CBOK) ^CBflXyiO CBaTHX'B**. 

?TO(Íi] OpeKpaTBTB dTOTB HeflBCHBaeMSifi nOTOBl BpacHop^^fl, 

^mKi> npEuys^eHi ÓuJťB BsrjflHyTs na ^acu h saflBHTb, mo y 
Hero ecTB en^e ]s!bjio na ceroAHflmHJfi Be^epib. 

Tor^a B'B Kapojš npoBBoni;ia Heo»BAaHBafl nepeifina. OH'b 
noAOXBBHyjíCB HO^JiHse B'B BepTHHry h saroBopHjii ^'^obumi to- 
HOMi, TO^HO cxajfB ApyrHMi ^eJOrOBiBOlfB. 

EepTHHrB, nacBOiiBBO Ůujio hsbíctho Kapojno, ne^anHO tojbbo 
npiixajii Bi ropo^íi h, Kone^HO, Hyas^ajca b% paCoTi. EíBHCTBeH- 
naath cpoACTBOirB ^jia jfiHTeparopa craTB H8B'icTHiiirB h dapa6oTu- 
BffTB AraBrH dajio coTpyxHH^ecTBo 9b raaeTaxi, h RapojiB npe^- 
jaraa^ eny homo^b HafiTH pa^oxy. 

<^«^ BospasHiii, qTO vh diowb ciyqa^ eiiy Bcero CKopie 

HOrB HOMO^b ero APyn, ^OBTOpi AeMÍffBBWb. DpH 8T0MX HMeHH 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



614 mCTH0B^ EBPOIIH. 

B^ jiBEi^ SfLiBtiepa noffBHJocB yAHueHBoe h A&^eso ne o6paxoBaH- 
Hoe Btipasenie. 

— ^ocTofiHMmiS lesoB&CB r-H^s A&í^Bwny — npoHSHeci 
OHI, — HO He naxoAHTe jh bii, ^o vh newh ecn tto-to crapo- 
MOXHoe, H ero BBTjflAu, BaBx HOJiHTE^ecBÍe, Tasí H jEHTepaTfpHue, 
— HeMHoro OTCiajiue. Tanofi TOHBÍfi na^jno^aTeA, BaB'B bh, ne mo- 
xjčTb axoro oipHi^aTs. 

BepTHHrb OTB%qa.rb ysiOHUBO h nocn^niHjrB nepeM^HHTB pas- 
roBopx. 3HJB6epi» ocmotp&ica KpyroMi, juan^ 6u <k>flCB, tto ero 
noACjymafOTB, h ciaii ycHjgteHHO yroBapHBaTS BepTHHra npHHflTB 
pa6oTy FB HSBŠCTHofi nojiHTHHecBofi raseri, HysAftBmeficfl bx sto 

BpOMfl Vb TaiaHTJIHBOKl COTpyAHHBÍ. 

$pHi^, yse noHflBiniĚ, b'b saROft napiiH npHHaA^esajrB 3hjib- 
6epi, Bospasoii, ito ne^^yBCTByerB ce(Sfl chocoGhhitb patforan 
wb nojiHTH^ecBHxi dpraHaxx h saBBciib orb riaBnaro pexasiopa 
H npeo6j[aAW)ntefi napTÍH. Boo6nie, noJiHTHsa Basajacb eiiy Bcerxa 

OieHb CBy^HOfi, H OHX HO nOHHMaJTL, BaK'B JIOAH Cb TOHKO paSBH- 

THifB BBycoMx HOFJiH yBAOBaibCA ^BD. ?T0 so BacaeTCfl xyAOse- 

CTBOBHarO TBOp^eCTBa, TO 0H% XyM&Il, ^TO nOJIHTH^eCBU TeHJieHEqiH 

jÓBBsxoTb BCflBoe xyAOsecTBeHHoe npoHSBQAeme bi caMom sapo- 
jífinAj h6o ocHOBanie BCflBaro HCsyccTBa npesAO Boero — CB0(k>xa. 

— GBo6oAa! — BOCBJHBHyjfb 3HJD>6ep'B h TeaTpaibHO noxHflXB 
pyBH. — Bx coBpeneHHoň repMaBÍH cbo6oah ho cymecTByerB! 

H ODflTB OHX saroBopHJix OHOBB npocTpaHHO o nenaiBHOirb no- 

JOSeHÍH HHTOJIJÍHreHTa BX COBpeMeHHOMX ofin^eCTBi. IIOBHXHMOMy, 

STO 6ujo ero ÓaisHoe m^cto, — ohx yBJíeBaicfl Bce Cojcbme h (krnnie, 
no H^p^ Toro, BaBi roBopui; rjiasa ero CBepBara crpaerHoft se- 
HaBHCTbK) H Bce xyAoe t^o Aposaio orb BOJiHeHÍfl. Tenepb okb 
ropasAO 6ojibme CTarb HpaBHTbca ^pHi^y, vbm buví^ljA, Bi 
newb roBopHJO BOBMyn^eHÍe qeiOB^Ba, sejiaioH^ro npo6HTbCfl cbbobb 
Tojny H BOBBtiCHTbCfl HaAi» HOK), H BOToparo 9Ta Toma yxepxB- 
BaerB h ne nycRaerB. Cbojebbo nfiixeB^ 6wrb nepeHcnHraTb lexo- 

B^Bl, HTOiJlI AOfiTH AO TaBOfi HeHaBHCTH BX JIIOAflMXl 

Bx sTy HHHyTy hsx BHyxpeHHflro noHŠn^eHÍfl pecrcq^aHa bíi- 
mejTB TOJCTuň rocnoxHHX fb HSflnpoiCB jri^THeirb BOCTH)]fi h no- 
jí,omejL'b Bx CTOjy, sa BOTopími *ohh cB^kai. 9to Chjtb HS^aTej^, 
Beficfijefixepx. 

Ohi nonpocHJix nosBOieHifl eben sa hxx ctojtb h, ho xou- 
xaflCB OTB^Ta, rpysHO onycTHJCJi Ha cryxB h ÓpocHU) na cepe^Hny 
CTOJia CBOK) mjflny. dra BCTpiqa diura HenpiflTHa ^pei^y; owb yse 
AaBHO oCin^aix Hs^aiejHO totwcx se npecTynaTB bx poitany, h 
jifl CHXx nopx HO HaHHHajTB HHcaTb ero. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



niATKIfl OCHOBU. 615 

/ 

BeficCaeftxepi, RaR'B h esŠAOBajío osH^^aTb, ocBŠAOMHJicfl o 
TOWhy „qxd noA'&sEiBae'rb Hain'BpoMaH'B'', h yseaB^B, ^to ob^ en^e 
OHeHB Hajio noABHHyjcfl Bnepe^^, norjAA&ix cfiosy ea ^pei^a h 
saifŠTHJi: 

— ^osTopi JleM^HHKx csasa^K^B mhí, hto bu jerso h mhofo 
nHmeTe. 

BepTHHTB XOT^^B BOSpaSHTB, 9X0 JSÍbjlO He BX BOJíHneCTB*!, a 
B^B Ba^eCTB^Ř, HO BCn01fHflď'B OpO CBOfi fflJirb H CBpOMHO o6'&ii](ajix 

noToponHTBCfl c% paÓOTOň. 

— ^a, yat bh noToponexecB, — CBasajx BeňcÓJieftxept, — 
HTOÓu MOSHO (Jiijo SHHSBy BEinyCTHTB B% Po^A^CTBy. ď noopoCyiD 
nycTHTb Bacb b^b xoa^b. Docmotphhi, ne CByif^eni j[h mu nposo- 
SBTb Aopory H fl^iíL BacXy mojioabixx. A b^a^ ^to j^aio lasi ^Hie- 
peca Ri HOBOMy ABHseBÍH). ^oxoAOBi^ aro mhí ae npHHecerB. 

^PHI^X yse BHaJIl, HaCBOJIBBO MOSHO 6uJ0 AOFbpflTB CJOBaMl 

dToro rocnoAHHa. JleM^HHS^b Ha3EiBaj'B ero ne nnaie, BaBi „se- 

RiarocKJiOHHO BHBnyBí BepTHHry, BeScfijiefixep-B BCiajTL h, yse 
YXOflfiy noBepHyjCB h npoHSHecB. 

— A propos, r-Hi Kapais! Tasí, BaseTCfl, BacB sobyt^b, mo- 

JIOAOtt ^aiOB^Bl? 

Shi^phai SaiBÓep-B nocnimHO otb^thjii, ito 8to — ero nceB- 

AOHHMl. 

— ď ceilHacB TOJBBo BcnoMHHJi^B, iTo y Haci HaxojDtHTCfl Bama 
pysonHCB. SI 8ariBHyjii> b^b nee ee^aBeo, ho pna ne hoaxoahti k% 
HameMy Hs^^axejBCTBy. y BacB h^tb ne^ocTaTBa b'b HafijuoAaxeiB- 
hocth, ho C0Aep:KaHÍe poicaHa c9HmB0M'B ne^ajBHO, cjiHmEOSfB xb- 
xaio A^ficxByexi. IIy6jiHBa xasaxi ciosexoBi ne jhoóbtl. Bu mo- 
sere noJiyHHXB pyKOOHCb o6paxHO, r-Hi Rapo.iB!*^ 

^pHi^i saM^xHďx, BaKi 6jiÍAHoe ju^o SejB^epa cxajio en^e 

6jl!bjSP^e H OH'B npOBOAHJEX BSTJlHJSfiWhy HOAHUMl HeHaBHCXH, yXO^^HB- 

maro Hs^axeifl, ho coáaaroBOJHBmaro jifi^e noapon^axBCB cb hhmi. 

Ho OH^B ÓUCXpO OBJLS^^hjTh CO6OK) H HporOBOpBJLl Cl HepBHOfi 
yCM^niROfi: 

— BaHi noBeaio cx BeftcÓJieňxepojrB. V nero h íeHBrn ecxB, 

H H8BÍCXHOCXB, H OHX — 0«ieHB JOBRÍfi ;(tjei^i. 



^^HipB BepxHHPB qyBcxBOBajTB, Hxo OMy ne sacHyxB bi axy 
B09B. IIoA^ npeftioroMx ycxajiocxH, ohx pascxajcfl cb 3Hr(|)pHA0irB 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



616 BftCTHfnrB BBPOnH. 

SfljiBSepoifE H nomea^E 6pOAHTb no yjiEJi9MT>. Bi 8Ty AyniHyH) 
ji£thk>io HO^b ropoA'B Rasajicfl juBíSRe 6oji^e osRHaieHHHirB, i^% 
AHeiťb. 

vSpBO ocB^n^eHHue ysecejiHTejiBHBie ca^u 6ujie ^hteoicb Ha6flTii 
noc^THTejflMH; no niHpoBHMi, oGcaseHHuiťb ÓojshmmíB x^pesBAMH, 
avjíeHMi nporyjiHBajiHCb pa6oHÍe, nppcjyra h bc% t%, bto jimbwí 
He BM^erb BpeneHH noBasaxbCfl na yjmi^y. Sjsíbch^ cpejiH ueM^enEO 
nporyjiHBaBmeficfl MOJio^eHuar, nooaAaJiocb ocoÓeHHO mhofo npHBas- 
qHBOBi H yqeHHBOB'b, cb CHrapofi vb syóax^b h (tb ipocTO^KOfi n 
pyBaxTi. lOnonifl crapajHCb hso bc^xi CHJi'b BasaTbCfl HacTOHn^HMi 
MysHHHaMH, H 8T0 ^HM'b y^taBajiocb FjaBBUMi o6pa80M'b npH noMon^H 
6jiaroA']^Te9bHux'b cynepeKi. Ha Bdrb CEaMeftBax'b, a wl oco6eH- 
HOCTH Há T^xi, BOTOpHfl Óujiu DO^a^bme orb (j^onapefi, CH^tiH 
BJiio(5jteHHUfl napoiBH, h H'bsH0€Tb Hxi npOHBJífljiacb rbiťb CHJbGAe, 
qŠMx cjia(Jie Chjio ocB4meHÍe. Hbx yBecejiHTeibnaro aase^eBifl, no- 
M^n^aBinarocfl na Apyrom 6epery p^bh, AOHOCHJiHCb no BpeMenam 
SByBB Ba^bca, h 8Ta MysuBa, ycHjiHBaa Htenocrb BJioOjeBHíixi cep- 
jífiHT>^ B086ysAaJia B^b MOJio^esH HenpeoioJiHMyio oxoTy aoranitoBaTb. 

^pam BepTHHrb OT^aBa^cfl Te^eHÍio tojiúu 6e3i BCAsaro onpe- 
;^eHHaro njiana. Ero ee THnyjro ^oiiofi, xoth oh^b h sb9ls%j hto 
AjibMa ero as^erb. Bx nowb nacipoeniH, BOTopoe Bjípyrt saxBaiajio 
ero, OHX óojTbnie Bcero Hyac^ajCH bx nojraoirb OAHOoqecTB*, h AjbMa 
Bx TaBÍfl MHHyTH TCpAJia JIM Hcro BCflBoe SHaienie. Owb caMi en^e 
neflCHO noHHMaax to HOBoe, ^tó cna^aja cnyTHO h Benceo saso- 
nomHJiocb Bi ero jtymi, a renepb y»e HacTOfiqHBO h ynopHO Tpe- 
6oBajio AJH ce6fl :kh3hh h oópasoBi. Eiiy xorknocb ociaTbCfl OAHOMy, 
coBcbwb oj^HOMy cb 9THMH Bce eo^e nORa TyHaHHEiiiB, daposxaB- 
mBMBca MKiciiflMB. Ofli BOJiBOBajcfl H TpeneTajTb, sasi Tpenenien 
seBB^HBa, qyBCTByfl npHÓJiBseBie CBoero BoanoÓjeBsaro, h vl btoxi 
Tpenei^ 6ujia, cTu^BBOcrb, crpaxi h BOCTopr'b osB^aflifl. 

EMy saxoT&Jiocb yfiTB By^a^BB^y^b no^a^bme orb mBpoKHXi 
B JiioABbixi ajjiefi, B owb noxoponHJicff beiStb na jí^ebbjio b ^o- 
BOJbBO nycTHBByio yjiBtíy. B-b tbbibb* ero marB sasByqajB no 
Tpoiyapy ocofieHBO rpoMBO. YjiBqBHe (j^OBapn BíiiaByjiHCb nepex^ 
BBM'b fl,AEBuofL ^jfecTAB^eS JiBflieft, yxoAfl B;^ajib b npespamancb vh 
BpomeqBbiH 6jiecTfln^ÍH to^bb. Ob^b BfirmejrB Ba nJiomaAB saRi pa8% 
B'B Ty MBByry, Bor;^a qacH na bojiobojíbbí CTapofi t^epsBB npo6BJB 
nojBO%. SariMx, ob^ yrjyÓBJícfl b% JiafiBpBBTX MajíeHbRBXi TeM- 
BHX^ yjiBai B nepeyjíBOBx. IIojiHiíeiicRift, CTOHBmift sa^cb aa 
CBoeM'B nocTy, noAoapBTeJBBO noBOCBJíCfl. saMÍTHBx xopomo OA^fetaro 
rocnoABBa — HBJíeBie aobojbbo HenpBBBiqBoe Jian stbxoí mícti. Kasafl- 

TO ateBmBBa, KOTOpOň ^pBI^l BO MOPB paSCMOTptTB BX tcmbotí, 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



nUTBIfl OCHOBtí. 617 

nocnibinHO npomeaiaia ejiy cjosa, b% CMucjti KOTopuxi Bejibsa 
6hjio omHÓHTbCfl. Ho boti, HaBOůei^i, soHqHjiacE ysRaa, nponHTas- 
Hafl yxymjiHBiufH sanaxaMH yjiHi^a, h $pHi^ no^yBCTBOBaj^E CBŠsee 
AyfiOBeHÍe. P^^ 6um (Ishsbo; ona eecjia cboh bo^íi cb ropi, hs^ 
jyroBx H j^bcoB^, H B% ^Q^niHOirB ropox^ yse acho HyBCTBOBaiocb 
ea CBŠasee .pixasáe. 

Jí^a ^fuufL CTaxa cpady flcea ufbjíb ero crpaHCTBOBaHÍK. Eiiy 
sazorkiocB RaKs mosbo CBopi^e BuCpaTsca asi tichotu a doStb 
syAi^-TO Aa^eRo baojb no ptsš; bis diy MaayTy oaa npeAcraRia- 
jacb eiiy eaMuwb diassaii^ cyn^CTBoai; ony saBajTOOB, ^to oaa, 
iioao5ho eMy, sasA^n o^aao^ectBa. 3a ropoAOiTB, r^^ pšsa na- 
TBjacb MesAy luocRaxi^ 6eperoBi, 6uao jnoÓHMoe mžcto ^pHoa. 
Ohi> aaópejii aa aero ciy^aĚao, bo spěna oxaofi Be^paeft npo- 
ryjoa ch AjBMOfi. 

Ohi aanpaBaxcfl Tvxa. TenaoTa capa^uBajia 6e8o6pa8Íe ca- 
paeFB, orpoMauxi Ryni aaBaJieaaaro yrja, ^9,6pBKB a aonora. 
HaacHei^i oh^ Biiópaica aa aesacipoeaaoe mšcto a nomeii bxoib 
X19HH0Ě RaMeaaoĚ aa(5epesaofi. 

Ho^B Óujia jyaaaa. OpoTaBonojioaKaiifi 6eperB BiipacoBiiBaica 
HeacHUJca oqepraaiaMB, to^ho fb Tynaa^. Bce RpyroiťB Óbijio xaxo^ 
HO FB BToft TBHiaat ^yBCTBOBajiacB RaRaa-TO TaaacTBeHaafl, oojiaaa 
MfiuxeBisi sasBB. Ilpapo^a ae sacunaerB vh ^'^aioio bohb. Hb^ 
HBOBBixi RyexoB^ baojIb aafiepesaofi cjumajiCH coaaui apaRs 
aaKOft-TO BOAflBofi HTai^Bi; b'b TpaB'6 rpem^ajia Rysae^aRa, a BORpyrB 
aero socajacB ao^aua 6a6o?Ra. $pai]('B 6kictpo noABaraJLca Bae- 
pejch. ropoA'B yse AaJieao ocT&ica nosa^a, a nepe^i bhitb no o&b 
CTopoBH p']^Ra noTflayjiacB noJira. Oa'B BSAOxayjTB nojaoK rpy^Bio. 
HasoHeiTB-TO oai OAaai! Bi nocjdAHee Bpeaa oa^B nojuoÓHj^B o^a- 
HOqecTBO ÓoiBnie acero aa cbítí. 

$paA'B EepraarB npaaaAJeaai^B r'b ^acjiy xy^osnaaoBi, ae 
yMÍion^x'B TBopHTB, Ror^a oaa ORpyseaii jio^aa. Ero TBop^e- 
caaa cajia xo^iao cjiaOiJia nojTB BBrjHAOMi qysaxi rjasi, a Óes- 
BacT^HHBBoe npacyrcTBie b^ ROMaarb RaRoro-aa^y^B nociopoHaaro 
jHE^a aeBuaocHMO Tarorajo ero, yÓHBaa b^b sapoAuni'^ BcaRyio 
MBicjiB. AjdBMa pa3Apa2Ra;ra ero bi raRia MaayTu AasRe Tor^a, 
ROPAa ae npoasaoca^fa aa cjosa. Ero CMyn^asa ea (kihsoctb, cay- 
DD^MO OABO cosaaHie, ^to oaa 3a%cb, uoujA aero. JI,'6BymRa seaia 
8Ty ero 0€0<$eaaocTb^ a crapajiacB 6utb aacROjbRo bosmosbo Taxofi 
H HesaMtTaož. Ho a aro ae noMoraio. Owb pasApasajca ea moji- 
^aHÍeHX, a bcí^mb Hepsana sRj^sui^b xofi MaayTBi, RorAa oaa onaTB 
HOM^maeTB eay. Eor^a se dxa MHHyTa aaciynajia, 'oa-B ocuna^rB 
ee ynpeRaMB, roBopaJi, qio, 6jiaroAapfl eň, TepfleT'B bbtb Mucjefi. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



618 B^CTHHKI* EBPOnU. 

Bt> TaRÍe AHH o6iiRHOBeHHO owh fipocaji-L pa5oTy h 6ojihme ne 
npHHHiiajicfl sa eee. 

CeroAHfl HO^BK) OHI B;^pyrL no^yBCTBOBajrb ce6fl cboÓcahuite 
OTt cocTOflHÍfl (íesAMcTBÍH, TflPOTHBfflaro ero y»e bi npOAOJiseHÍe 
MHorHxx nejí^Jih. Yse AHeM'B, sor^^a JleiKf^HHBi* o6paTHj['B ero bhh- 
MaHÍe Ha BejHKOJrí^nHuS ropoA'B, oh'e no^yBCTBOBaii, Kam, ^to-to 
npoóya&AaexcH n osHBaerB bi ero ^ymi. BesnoROftHoe, syrsoe h 
B^ to ;Be BpeMfl pa^ocTHoe ^yBCTBO saBJíaA^^ro hm^b. Bi opo^ojtseme 
i^aro jifiň owh AyMai'B o hoctopohhhxx Ben^axi, Bcrp^naica h 
pasroBapHBarB ch jtid^^mh, nojiy^ajťB cainiH pásHOoCpaBHUfl Bne^aT- 
j^híh, HO ne saCuBajii hh na MHnyTy, qro Bce bto ne ecTb 
oaBHoe. BasH^e Bcero Gujio to^ ^t5 npoHcxojpuo BHyrpH nero h 
?ero OH'b en^e Óhjtb He fb cHj[axx BupasHTb cjobamh, ho 9t5 
pocjo H Bp^ujio noHTH DOMHMO Hero Bi TaíHHKaxi ero xyniH. 
Ohi Bce meji Bnepe^i^, AyMaa noA'B HeifOJ^Bufi myirB bojsíhi, h 
wb dTOifB myif^ 6ujio hto-to Bos^yjs^aioo^ee h o6oApHH)iitee. Ohi 
AyMa^ťB o CBoefi skhshh, o CBoeMi DpomjioiťB... 

KaB'E TOJiBKO í^pam BepTHHrB BiipaCoTajii b^ ce&b cosna- 
TeJiBHoe OTHomeHÍe btb caMOMy ceG^ h bi »h3hh, — a dio cjyqs- 
jiocB CB HHMi Ha j^Ba^i^aTB - HiecTOMi roAy, — caMHiTB AoporMMx H 
paAOCTHBiirB jí,JíK Hero crajio cosHasaTB ceóa nodTOii^B. Ho pansme 

lílTB OTWTBCfl 9T0My JTIOÓHMOMy JíjbJlJ, ^pHI^y HpHfflJíOCB opOfiTH 

AOBOJTBHO THSiejiuí nyxB H nopnaTB co bcím^b ero ORpymasniHifL h 
(Sjhsbhitb. 

Otb ff*TCTBa y nero coxpaHHJiHCB HencHiiH h ;íobojibho c(5hb- 
qHBUfl BOCDOMHHanifl, ne CBAsannufl hh cb saBHifB onpeA^eHHBíMi 

M^ibCTOMl, TaB^B BaBl OTei^X ero 6uJVh qHHOBHHBOlfB, H, no BOJlA 

HaqajBCTBa, ero nacTO nepeBOAHJH hsx o^Horo ropová b'b Apyrofi. 
Ho, HecMOTpfl Ha 9th qacTEiH nepeMÍHH míctx, Bce b% aom* co- 
BiTHHRa, HaqHHaa n neyBJíoaKeft h Hey^íoÓHoň MefiejiH, BOTopyio 
nepeBOSHjH sa coóoft cb o;íHoro ROHqa repMaHÍH na ;^py^ofi, boh- 
qan caMoň hh^tosboK npHBnqBoii pasi saBe^ennaro xosflficTBeH- 

earo CTpOa, BCe OCXaBaJIOCB HeH3M*HHHM'B, RaRHM-B-TO TyCBJIHM-B, 

$e3mn3HeHHUH'B, jHmeHHBíM-B BpacoB'B H ocFln;eHÍfl. B% hxi jkowb 
Bcer;ía h noBCřojiy 6hjio ito-to HanoMHHaBoiee BaHr^eJApiiD, hto-to 
cyxoe, ^íepeBflHHoe, pasMÍpennoe h HeoĎHBHOBeHHO CByqnoe. 

^acTO bhocjiíactbíh ípHi^-B ^íyMaax o tomi, BawB Morjo sa- 
poAHTbCfl B-B Bewb CTpeMJieHie R^B no93ÍH. KoHeqHO, OHX yHacjri- 
AOBM% 9T0 ne OTB oxqa. MaxB cbok) owb homhhji o^ohb Majo; 
oea yMepjia, Bor;^a oh'b 6uj['b emfi cobcí^mx MajienBBHiTB, h oh^b ho 
MorB npeACxa^HTB ceC* hh efl JiHiía, hh (})HrypH, xota xopomo 
noMHHjii, qTO ona n'ijia eny ^'i^TCBifl n']^ceHBH h pascBasBTBaja 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



mATRia OCHOBU. 619 

^yxecHUfl csaasH. Buih y ^pai^a Avb ceexpu ropas^o ciapme ero, 
HO OTHomeHifl MesAy hhkh cjosnjHCb Óojsfbe ^fbwh paBHOAyniHiifl. 
CecTpB TflFOTUHCB MaiB^HBoiTB H cuTasH ero nOMŠXOfi AJIfl HXl 
sftiiyseeTBa. Owk xase ne CTapajHCB crpeitb CBoero OTHomeniH 
Kh 6paTy H BOcaojBSOBajHCB nepBuifB y^otiHUMt ciy^aeHi buSte 
BaMysi H ocTaBBTb poAHTeaBCsii jjowh. CTapufi cobíthhri h MajeHB- 
sil ^pei^ ocraiHeb b^booitb. 

^Hiti, nepefesxaH cb oti^omi ewl ropoxa b^e ropó^, no- 
CTOflHHO MŠHfljTb msojiu, yTOTejiefl H TOBapHiD(efi; HessMi^HHiiirb 
ocTasajiocB toabo oxho, ^Tb o(Ja>eAHHflJO bc6 9th y^e^Hua saBe- 
j[eHÍA H y^fó<ÍHEift nepcoHaj^E: sasoJia^raBaHie y^ennsoBt ap^bhhmh 
HWimaMii H, KaKb uporuBOvbcb STOMy, nojiHoe npeHe^pesesie ií% 
poxHOMy flSHsy. 

HaisoHeiTB, crapufi Bepnarb nojiyqH.ii'^ cnoso&Hoe h ooqerHoe 
HasHaqeHÍe bi OAHOiťE hsx QojiBmHxx npoBRHiúajibHiirB ropo^OBi. 
Taiťb ÓiuTE xoponnfl xeaTpi, h $pHm e;(&iajcfl apuMi Teaipa- 
jom. HoBiit, HeosHAaHHHfi uip% Bxpyn OTBpujca nepeA'B hhite, 

H OffB CB maXHOCTBK), 6681 BCHROfi BpRTRM^ yRRBajICfl eVO BRe- 

HtLTjABíamu. Ri BTOMy BpeHeHR othocrtcr r ero nepBafl jnoÓOBh. 
Oh% noj]o6flJi TearpaiBRyK) repoRRio, seRR^RRy (Tb rhriro pas- 

BHTHlfH <]K)pMaJIR R BHpaSRTeJBHHlfB SEUflU^bj THOR^RyH) Rpe^Cia- 

BRTeiBRHi^y oo;uiocTBOBi>. ORa 6ujiBL BABoe CTapme ^pRi^a, ÓuJia, 
8aify2ReM'B, RMŠJia jr^Teft. Ho pasB^ sto kovjío rmí^ii KaBoe-HR- 
4$yjB(B RBanraie am BJio&ieRHaro lOHomR! r-aca RopceBCRaa ÓBiJia 
MíMS Hero HO deMRBiiTB coBAaRieMi, a cyqecTBOM^B r8i> Rasoro-TO 
xpyroro^ saoCjia^Raro Mípa. Ori robjiorajch r dnaroroB^^ ne- 
pexTb HeK>. 

Oai RBcaax eft nRCBMa r ho nojiyqaa^B otbItob^, ro B^pyrB 
B^ o;(HBi RpeRpacHEifi jffinh vh crapHBy BepTRRry abr^ich Hy^^B 

aKTpHCU, OTCXaBROfi 0<|>HI](epX, R RORpOCRJI'B QVO OOCOB^TOBaTB CUBJ 

ne TpaTHTBCH Ra MapsR, bx BR^y xoro, ^lo Repaua RRCBMa eRte 
CM^srajiR aApecaxRy, a xeRepB Rpocio HaAO&ra efi. 

H&KRoe, CTHAJraBoe qyBCTBO 6ujio ÓesacajocTRO cmhto rpyfiuMR 
pysaMB. B^B aroTB RpRTRqecsifi MOMOHrB, ^Phicb RamejTB bi CBoeni 
OTBci, rrí^to xpyra, CRy^Raro r aobojbro SesjíULiocTRaro HacTaB- 

BHKa. COBŠTHHRl RaAO^AaJTB CURy CBORMR pOARTeJIBCRHHR BBÍCOKO- 
HpaBCTBeHRHMR RpOROB^^AAMR^ R MHCJIB O TOM^B, qTO $pRm» 6o.I'le 

HysAftCTca Bx yrbmeHÍR, ^iwh bt, HacTaBJEeHÍH, rr pasy Re npR- 
nijia vh ero crapyK) roJiOBy. Bi aro spěna oiei^i jiRRiRJica Ha- 
BC^rXft BOSXOSHOCTH Rpio6picTR AOBÍpíe CURa. 

dro npoRcmecTBie aobojbro csopo Óujio saÓuTO, ho y $pRaa, 
HecMorpa na bocb sanacB en^e ReTpQRyT£ix'B uojioauxtí crji, Bce*- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



620 MCTHRBl BBPOnU. 

TERH ocTaiacb 6% Aynii BaRafl-TO ĎojiisseEUM cca^Hea^ ne^OB^pie 
Kh OTi^y H HecBofiCTBeHHoe wb ero ro^u OTqysAeHÍe otb jioxefi. 

IIoci^ii^eHie Teaxpa 6tuo eiiy crporo sanpeo^eHO, bq owb ao- 
BOJbHO CKopo npHHHpHJCfl ch BTEWh j[HineHÍeM'B, Hafi^fl yrfaneHie 
y ToiCTofi, Becejiofi x&iBHepinH. UepBan H^ea^bnaa JK>6oBb yiiepjia, 
H Ha uicrb ea Biipocja coBepmeoHO pe&sbHaa, rpyóaa jmÓOBHaa 
CBflSb. JífiJiTEj ccopa cb conepHHKOiťB H, HasoHea'B, HeroxoBaHie orqa, 
KOTopoMy nociri^niuH AonecTH o noBejieBÍH ctifla, óujie noci^x- 
CTBÍaMH BTOfi qepos^ypit paseefi jik)6obhoK hhtphfh. 

CoB^THHBib BepiHEPE CBopCtji O 6edHpaBCTBeHH0M!E noBe^eflÍH 
CBoero eAHHCTBeHHaro cuna, ho eHy h vb rojiOBy ne npHxoj^HJio, 
iTO OHI caiTB xoTb auMbso-HH(5yAb enoea6cTaoBa.ni Aypnoft ciasi 

H)HOmH. 

MesAy T^Mi^y noAomjio Bpeiia BunyeKHoro aBsaMesa. ^bi^ 
BH^epa^aJii HenuiaHÍe h, sapynnaniHeb ahdliomomi, ornpasHiícfl bi 
6epjiHe'B, Tjiib h nooTynn^i Bt yHflBepeHTeT'B, na lopEXHiecBift ^- 
ByjibTerb. Ohi He ^yBCTBOBait hh icajiMmaro npBSBaaifl n> h>ph- 
AH^eeBHMi HayBaiíi, ho orei^b ero BupasHJi xaiaBÍe, ^to6u ohi 
HSĎpajit HMeHHO axy Bapbepy. Pa8cys;^TB se o RaBOirB 6u to 
hh 6buo npHSBanÍH cb HecoBepmeHHOJi^THHifi lOHomefi Ta&HHft 
eoB^THHBx HaxoAHJi^B, HO MeHBHiefi MŽp^, rjymiMrB h neeBoeBpe- 

MeHHUMl. 

Bi dTO BpeMfl, saHflToe Hsy^eHieifB nayBí h aobojbho Heoéys- 
AaHHUMH pasBjeqenijiMH, $pHi^, ÓJiaroAapa OAHOHy h8% cbohtb 
TOBapHn^efi, nosHaBOMHJicfl cb MysiiBOfi, y8Ba2i'B Pnxap;^ BarHepa, 
h Mon^HuK roďocB TBopRa „TpHCxaHa'' sarjyniHJx bib ero Ayoi^b bcí 
oexajBHue sBysH. Uo^xh OABOepeMeHHO e'B yBjeqemeMi BarnepoirBy 
$pHi^i noAnaji^B noA'B BJiÍBnie niooenrayepa, xasi mhofo roBopHB- 
maro ero yse sapaseHHOfi oeceHMHSMOiťB jtynrb. B'b to apeiifl 
saBx Barnepi npoóys^tajii fb homi CTpeMJieeie vb Mon^HOft, ne- 
o6y3AaHHoň exHxifinocxH h MHCXHi^HSMy, inoneHrayep'B yiHJx ero 
npesHpaxB CB'bxi> h expeiiHTLCfl bi HnpBaHŠ. Orb Blonenravepa 
<^pHi^% nepemejii e-b FapxMany, ^orry, Mo-aeniOTxy h BioxHepy. 
IIpoHHBHyBí, xaBHiťB oOpaBOMi, wb eainifl H'6Apa ^^^Jioco^^csaro 
MaxepiajiHSHa, oh'b cxajii Hcsaxb b'b eexeexBeHHux^B HayBax'B xo- 
noJiHenifl Kb BiapaÓoxaBmeMycfl m> Eewb MÍpocosepaaHÍK). H botb 
/lapBHHi, CB ero Hay^Hoň CHCxenofi, hbhjica ajir $pHna hobbutb 

HCXOqBBBOlfB CB^Xa. 

BecBMa noHflXHO, hto ^ejiovbwb^ AasaBniiJt cxojbbo hhh^h cbo- 
eny yMj, ne saxo^H^i AOCxaxoHHO BpeMeHH, qxoóu DO;^roxoBHTBCfl 
Bi rocyAapcxBeHHOMy aBsaneHy, ocoÓeHHO npHHHMafl bo BHHMaHÍe, 
HTO HH rpasAaHCEoe npaBO, hh BceB03M0ďíHBie yro^ioBHiie npoi^eccu 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



niATKIfl OCHOBU. 621 

EHKor^a He BHymaiH eiiy hh Hasšfimaro HHTepeca. Mes^y tšmi 
oxei^ ynopHO HacraHBajix na dKsaMee^. Ohx, no CBoeify o6ueho- 
Beniio, crapajcfl 6htb 6ojiie cxporHMx ex CBoeMy cany, hím-b 
ůajTb Ror^a 6u to hh 6hjio ri canoMy ce6'b. JÍ^Jia ^pnqa Bce 
.flCHŠe H HCH^ cTaHOBHjocb, HTO Me»Ay HHMH o6pa30BajiacB He- 
npeoAOJHMafl nperpa^^a. CeHHAecflToiŠTHÍfi ctapHKt yxe ROHqHJTB 
CBofi nyTB, a lOHoma nycR&icfl fe Aopory, ROHi^a ROTopož en^e 
HHRTO He Mor% npe^BHA^Tb. 

^HiKi He HH&TB HHqero otio^iro co cry^eH^ecRHiiH ^pefinaiíH 
H Ropaopai^iflMH. Ero TaroTHJiH bchríh otiflsaTejíBHiifl OTHomenifl, h 
OH^ CA^jaiCfl ^jeHOiTB RjyÓa, ofipasoBaBmarocfl hsi jihi^x BceBOS- 
ifosfiHX'B RjiaccoB'B ofio^ecTBa H BcaRHrB npo^ecciň. Bi droMi 
Rjy6i sac^AftHÍfl ÓiiBajH ABa pasa b'b neA^&sH). ^na pasa bi ne- 
X^bjno, no Be^epaifB^ lani co6HpaJiHCb uensi, oÓcys^ajiH pasjíH^- 

HHfl BBJíeHiH Otin^eCTBeHHOĚ SHSHH, TOBOpHJIH O HOBIIXI npOHSBO- 

jífijmTb vb o6jiacTH jHiepaTypu h nayRH, cnopHJiH h ropa^HjiHCb 
sa RpyasROfi nHBa^ c% cnrapofi bi 3y6ax'E. 3AÍCb BCtpiqaiHCb xy- 
jífKsmnía BceB03H0SHHX'E HanpaBjíeHifi, jio^th pasjíHqHKix'^ pejiH- 
ríosHUX^ y6&KAeHÍfi h JooAJiy ne HM^Bmie poBHO HHRaRoii pejiHrin. 
B'L nOwiHTHR^ SA^CB 6paJiH oepeB^CB pa^HRajm, ho ^to hhcrojbro 
He ctíchhjo coi^iaiB-fleMORpaTOBi, espeeB^ h ^aae anapxHCTOBx. 

EbLIH SA^CB H B^qHEie CTy^eHTEI H SypnaiHCTEI. BcŠX'B 3THX'B 

pasHOOÓpasHuxi jno^efi cÓJHsaja Mejs^y co6ofi B^pa bi n^eaii h 
FB Óyffy^ee. Ohh MeHTaiH o rpaHxíosHEixi opeo6pasoBaHÍflX'B wh 
pasjUH^HBixi o6jiacTflX'B, cTap&sHCB paspyniHTB Hacroan^ee h Bos^a- 
rajiH ÓoiBmÍB na^ea^H na Čy^yn^ee. QpoTHBi cyn^ecTByiontaro no- 
pflAsa Ben^efi ohh ÓopoJHCB HCRJnoqHxejTBHO cjobom^b. B'b oahhi 

Benep^B OHH HHSBOAHJH Wb UfSLTh 3aCJyseHH£IX'B rpaaAaH'B, HXl 

spHTHRa coRpym&aa caMBie npe^nue ycTOH, pas6HBaJia leopin h 
CHCreMH, AepsaBmiflCfl i^bimh B-^RaicH. Ohh cociaB^ajiH apoeKin 
AXfl Hs^aHÍfl rasero, ROTopuM'B nKRor^a ne 6ujio cysi^eno yBHA'i^TB 
CBÍTB, Me^iaiH o RopeHHOM'B npeoÓpasoBaHÍH xeaxpa j^m nocxa- 
HOBRH HBecB eme Hecyn^ecxByfon^Hx^ APftHaxHqecRHX'B nHcaxejeS. 
H BO BceMx, ht6 ohh roBopHJH, HyBcxBOBajicfl MoryqiĚ npoxecx^B 
lOHOCXH npoTHBi cxapuxi, ycxanoBHBniHxcfl, ho y;Be o6Bexmaj[Bixi> 

^Opm. !E^HHCXBeHHBIH'B Cpe^CXBOMl A-^H 6opB6u OHH C^HXaiH CJIOBO 
H niHpORO nOJIBSOBaiHCB HBťB A^fl DpOBe^eHÍfl CBOHXl BSrJIflAOB^B. 

H^^ROToptie HS!B qjieH06'B Rjiy6a B£ipaxajiH bi cxHxaxi CBoe na- 
crpoeHÍe, Apyrie nHcaiH poMansi, hobícxh h pascRasu; 6bijh h 
Tssie, Roxopue BsipasajiH cbož npoxecxi b'b ^paMaxn^ecRoB ^opifb. 
^pHi^ BepxHHrB BUA^JiflJica aobojbho pfeRO cpe^H qjeHOBx 
8Toro RjyÓa. Hh napysnocxB ero, hh Manepfii, hh pasroBop^B, ho 

Toul y.— OKTJiBPb, 1902. 40/ii 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



622 VtCTHESPh EBPOIIU. 

noAXOprjiH K'B OBpyaiLaBinefi ero óoreiťb, ho jío6obi» ki> cbo6o^, 
Kb caMocTOflTejTbHOCTH H CTpeMJieHie HafiTH HaA^esaniee npeifiHeme 
CBOHHi cHjaH^b npHTflrHBajH ero £i axofi necxpofi tojítií h pox- 

HHJÍH Cb HeiO. 

Mes^y tí^m^b, OTBomeHÍfl Meacxy oti^oitb h cuhoitb craHOBHjracb 
Bce xyse h xyane. Orei^t HacTasBaj^b, ^toGei ^pbicb ho ociaBjflďB 
Haii'6qeHHoK OMy Baptepu, a cuhi lyscTBOBajii, ^to, noBHHyacb 
OTi^y, coBepmaerb HpaBCXBeoHoe caMoyóiflciBO. 

^pHi^ OBOH^aTejibHO pasomejcfl h cl oti^oite, h cb TOBape- 
n^aMH, nocji noflBJíeHifl nepBaro se c(JopHHBa cbohxi CTHxoTBope- 
híS. Bcb ero 6£iBniie TOBapHn^H no iuboji^, CA^asiniecfl sa dto 
BpeMfl o^Hi^epaMH hjih HHHObHHsaMH, CTajiH qy^KAaTbCfl ero h otho- 

CHTbCfl Bl HOMy Cb BaBOfi-TO nOA03pHTeJIbHOCTbK). OhH HO MOrjH 

npocTHTb eMy hsíi^hu TpaAfli^iflifB HSBicTHaro o6n^ecTBeBHaro no- 
jioseHÍfl H ero npHqacxHOCTH b% jHTopaTypi. OTei^'B ase eanH- 
caJii cuHy nHCEMO, cb yrposoB jHmiiTb ero Haao^ACTBa, eciH TOJbBO 
OH'B He nepecTaner^B ^usaTB bi noAospHxejbHOMi o6ii^ecTBÍ h ÓyAerB 
nHcaTb HenpHJiHqHUfl BHHrH. Ha dry oTi^QBCByH) yrposy ^paiTB 
otb4thji'b rbwb, qio, cnycra HOMHOro speMOBH, Bunyciaii BTopoft 
cCopHHBi CTHxoTBopeaifi, noAqepBHyB'B H en^e ycEAEVb to, ht6 
6ujio B% nepBOMi. 

TaBHMi oQpasoMi nopBajacb ero uocjLÍji,Baa cbasb ci ceMbefl. 
FoATB cnycTfl, TaňHufi cob^thhki yMepi, ocTaBHBi cuHy tojsbo 
BaBOHHyiD qacTb Hacji'6ACTBa. Sarbwb noTfloyjHCb roAu ÓesnjiOA- 

HBIX^ CXpaHCTBOBaHÍfi DO BCeBOdMOSHUBťB BHHXHEIMl BSABTejfllTB, 

ApaiiaTypraifb h TeaTpajrbHUM-L areuTaMT., BOTopuMi* ^pHq-B Bep- 
THHrb TD^eTHO npeAJiarajii cboh ap^mu. Hxti Bjyd^ OBOH^aTejsHO 
pacnajcfl. H'bBOTopue H3'b ero qjeHOBi bshjih iflcxa bi poAasi^iflxi; 
Apyrie, HSMyqeHHue HyatAoft, yxBaxHJiHCb sa nepBoe CHOCHoe npex- 
jíOseHie BaBOii 6u to hh 6ujio paÓoTu, a oqeob MHoríe HcqeaiH 
6e^T> CJi^Aft Bi 6ypHux'B Bo^aaxi shshh óojibnioro ropoAa. y ^pHi^a 
noflBHJiHCb HOBBifl SHaBOMCTBa. BjiaroAapfl AeHbraM'B, obi He hbi^^b 
HeAOCTaxBa hh h% Apysbaxt, hh B'b noApyraxi. 

HflorAa, o6AyMbiBafl CBoe nojosenie h coo6pa;Rafl, qxo cpeA* 
CTBa ero nocieneRHO ncTon^aioTCfl, a CT^ixoTBopenifl HM'bio'rB BecbMa 
HOCpeACTBeHHufi ycD']tx'b, OH'b saAaBajii ce6'b Bonpocb, ne 6euo m 
6u Cb ero CTopoHu 6oji'Í^e CjiaropasyMBUM^ cJi^AOBaTb coBiraMi* no- 
BOiiBaro OTua. Ou'l ho mopb ne npH8HaBaTb, qro bx xaBOMX cjy- 
qai OMy anjiocb 6u h jierqe, h yAOÓHÍe, h ohx AaBHO yae cqn- 
Tajicfl 6u nojie3HUM'L qjienoM-b oficuecTea. Ho, HecMorpn na Bce sto, 
OH-b BHEorAa HO MOPb cepbesHO ptniHibCH HSMiHHTb CBoe nojoate- 
HÍe. Owb ÓHJCL yB^peni), qxo TOJbBO na HsSpaHHoiťb hhi nyxE 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



mATBifl ooaoBu. 623 

€My yxifibCTCfl cosAaxb qT0-HB6yjM» Hacioflo^ee h hto uítl ba semrj^ 
fiojiše BHCOBaro h ÓjraropoABaro npesBasifl, sasi Óhtb nflcaTejeM'B. 

Jlyaa yse AasBo sanua, 6^uŘ TyMaH'B naAHflJCfl eaA^ pisoS, 
a Ha BOCTO^Hofi CTopoHi^ He6a nosasajacb pososafl nojioca. B03* 
Ayxi saMÍTHO nocBtoiJii h xpasa CTaja Mospoi orb pocti. Ko- 
poTsafl j^THflfl EO^h BOBqHjacb. 

^pBi^B noBepsyjt aada^^B vb ropový- Ero npoOapajia Aposb 
OTh ÓeacoHHOfi BO^B H cB^^j&aro yTpefiflflro Boa^yxa, bo obi Bce- 

TEKtf ^yBCTBOB&ai Ce6fl Be06liIBB(»eBB0 C^aCTJIBBHlTb. 

dra flo^b TaB'b MBoro ^aJia eMy! To, ht5 oh^b ^yscTBOBajii B^b 
8Ty MBHyTy, 6ujio yse He npexoAfln^ee BacTpoeBÍe. Hiirb, leaepb 
OH^b fiojibme He coMB^BaJtcB, ^to Bame^b caMoe riaBBoe; dTO rjiaBHoe 
erofljo y aero nepeA'b raasaMB, b eny ctobjo TOibso npoTAByTb 
pyBy, HTOÓu Bsaib ero! 

Tenepb obi HaB']bpBoe sBajii^ ^16 bhobho aojisbo 6uao ÓUTb 
ocHOBBofi M^CJKbH) ero poiiaHa. EcibCu obi» saxoT&ai BtipasATb 
3Ty MuCdib cjiOBaiiB, TO He MOFb 6u efi noAucsaTb HHoro HasBaBÍn, 
saB^b sBa^OBÍe noja b po^a B'b shsbh jrio^efi. 

Ero eMyB^UH BpeACTOBBmia eity TpyABOCTH. He jerso 6iuio 
BanBcaTb npoBseeAeHie aa lasyK) HCSJífoqBTeJEbByK) teify, saio oh^b 
E9LxbBJicay HTO 6i» BTOM^b cjyHat cana npBpoxa npBAerb eicy Ha 

aOMOQlb. 

Ho wb BTy ifBByiy ^pai^b ciapajtcfl Be ocTaflaBJBBaTbca mu- 
€JUiMH Ba npeAeTOfln^HX'b euy saipy^Benifliii; eny xoxijocb tojbro 
HaejiasAaxbCH, BaB'b BacjiasAaeTCfl nyTBBB'b) BSMyneBBHK cípan- 
CTBOBaBÍeiťb no yn^ejibflifb h BApyrb sasBA^BniiK óesBoneqByio AajiB. 
TeMa, BuópaBBafl aiťb jim poMana, Basa^acb eny BOHC^epnaeMoi. 
CioeAHBflH AyxoBBoe Gb ^HSBqecKBBťb, OHa npHŠjBsaja HejoBisa 

Kh SBBOTBOMy B Bl TO Se SpOMfl pOABBJa OFO Cb BoSOCTBOlTb. 

Eh) OABofi flc^epnuBaiHCb ech CB^a h cjiaÓocTb, Bce ropě h c^acTbe, 
BCfl Jiío6oBh H BeBaBBCTb, CMepTb, na^eBÍe, HaBBucmee npoflBjeHÍe 
repofiCTBa, caMan BHasafl cxenesb pasBpaxa, paci^Btrb b yBA^aBÍe 
ne TOJibBO OTA^bHoft JB^BOCTB, HO B ujkíoŘ ceMbB, i^tflaro o6n^6- 
€TBa, i^i^aro aapoAa. Dpa boao^bomi ocBin^eBÍH CTaBOBBJHCb 

aCBHMH B HOBflTBUMB 86 TOJIbBO HOCTyHBH^ BO H CBpBITBIfl no6yS- 

Aesifl, BMB ynpaBJíaBOiífl. 

PasAyMUBafl eaAi nopasHTejrbBiiMB otbputíbmh, CAtjaBHUMH 
zdk HOCfl^bABee CT0Ji'6TÍe wb c<))ept ecTecTBeHHUxi nays-b, ^paq^ 

BepTBBPb BCHO BBA'Í^'b, HTO BeCb upOrpOCCb Bb dXOfi 06j[aCTfl AO- 

CTBFByrb BCBJuo^BTejibBO fijiaroAapa npuH^BeBiio diinBpBqecBaro 
MeTOAa, B OB'b ocTaHOBUiíca Ba ueicjib npBu^BBTb dxoTb ďie caMui 
MeTOAx B!b o6jacTH jiBTepaTypu. Obi BaA'i^ajica, tto (f^anTasia h 

40* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



624 BftCTHHBl EBPOHU. 

cosepi^aHÍe, coeAn^eBnua ch to^huitb HHÓJiwyjsfiBiewh h aaaiHSOirb, 
OTEpoioTE coBepmeHHO HOBue ropHSOHTu, cosAaAjTB He6iiBajiyio 
RapTHHy u noseAyn HCRyccTBO oo HOBOuy nyrH r'b en^e Eevb^o- 
muwh BepniHHaMi. 

Ho paHBme Bcero h npesA^ Bcero owh c^HTaii HeotfxoAHiímťb 
ocBodoAHTBCfl orb Bcero, ^6 npHHflio nasuBaTB HpaBCTBeHHOcrsH)^ 
ypoACTBOMi H npoTHBoecxecTBeHHOCTbK). HaTypaiHCTfii h ^^loco^ti 

yse AABHUlfB-AaBHO nOBOHTOJTH Cb BTHMl BeUJTEiEUWb UaMOMl, a 

jíHiepaTypa Bce en^e ra^Jia on SToro iiycopa. Heo6xoxHMO 6imo 
HafiTB B^b ce6i MysecTBo cÓpocHTb CTapyK), o^BermaiyK) oxesAy h 
BO HMfl npaBAu H HaAe«AH na Jiyqmee Óyxyn^ee — nosasaib ^eaoBiBa 
Bi ero HenpHRpameHHOHi, ecTecTBeHHOM'b bha'&. 

$pHi^ BepTHHPb BnojH^ pasA^flJii BsrjflA^B moneerayepa ea 
nojiOBoe BJieneHÍe, RaB^b ea canufi iioryqifi, sHSHeHHiifi purara. 
droTh puqarb npHBOxiui vh ABHseHÍe Bce ^HSH^ecRoe h AyxoBHoe 

H B'b TO se BpeMfl A^fiCTBOBaJb RaRl Cailblfi HCRyCHllfi XyXOSHHRIB, 

noA'b HeBHAHMHMH najibi^aMH Roroparo Bce npíotfp^Tajio ORpacRy b 
^opMH. TojTbRO noA'b BjacTbK) nojOBoro BjeqeHÍa jioah cÓpacbieajEH 
CB ce5fl HenpoHHi^aeMEifi naHi^upb, coTRanHUĚ h3i BcefiOSMOSHux^ 
ycjOBHOcreĚ, h crasoBEjuiCb canH co(5oh). 

$pH^^ BepTHHFb nocTaBHj[i ce6i saxa^efi paspatfoTatb dmm 
ecTecTBeHHufi 3aR0Hi H o^je^b ero bi luoib h RpoBb bi xyxose- 

CTBeHHOM'b npOBSBeAeHÍH. Bl» 8Ty MHHyTy OWb nOTTH He comhí- 

Bajcfl, HTO 9T0 eny y^acicfl. On^b Aofipajicfl ao CBoefi RBapTHpii 
To;ibRO R^b A^cflTH Hacaifb yxpa^ h eny yAajocb, ee pasÓyAHVb ÁJtbMS, 
yje^bCfl Bi nocrejb. On^b saceyjťb RaRx yÓHTBiB h npocHyjca nocjsi 
líojyAHfly qyBCTByn ce6ň CHJbHUMi, fioApbiM^b h cnoeo($HiiM'b pa- 

60TaTb. 

VI. 

npesAe ^iwh npHCTynHTb ri pa6oTŠ, ^pei^y BepTHsry 6ujío 
HeoÓxoABMO CA^axb Roe-RaRÍa muiHeniň b^ cBoefi RBapxHp^. Ohh 
saHHMajiH cb AjibHoB Bcero ab4 ROnsaTu. OÓhrbobobho Ajbua 

CBJlíbJlS^ Cb CBOHITb niHTbeMl Bl HHCTOfi ROMHaT^, FA^^ CTQflJIl nHCb- 

MeHHufi CTOJTb $pHi^a. ^pnqi hm^jii oÓBiRBOBeHÍe bo Bpeiia pa- 
60TH BCRaRHBaxb H8i-3a cBoero nHCbHeHHaro croja h 6^raTb no 
ROMHar]^, a noTony oh^ Bomejii B'b corjiaineHie Cb RBapiepEoS 
xosflfiRofi, H Ta nosBOJiHJia ÁJihMi CHA^Tb (Tb pa6oTOfl Bi ea co6- 
CTBeHHofi ROMHart, Ba Apyroirb robi^^^ RBapTHpu. AjbMa AaBHO 
HO^Taja o mBeflHofi MamHHi, h ^pni^i noToponHJCH Tenepb Hcnoji- 
iTHTb ea sejraHÍe^ noxoMy hto CTyR'b iiamHHn hsi xosflflCBOfi rom- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



mATRlfl OOHOBU. 625 

HaTEi He 6jbU'B eify cjiimeHi* ^'^ByniRa paAOBaiacs MamHH^, ho 
en^e 6ojiLine pa;^OBajacB oaa xopomeMy Hacipoeniio ceoero ^pei^a, 
xoTfl H He noHHMaja ero apH^HEu. 

$PHI^ EepTHBrB I^&IUMH AHJIMH CHA'&I'B Sa CBOHM'B MaJieHB- 

KBWh maTKHiTB nHCbMeHHUMi CTOiOMx. Oh'b ÓuJi xaRx norj[on^eH'B 
pa6oToB, ^TO AjBMa j^ase crbcnajis^cb sBaxb ero £*& ciojiy. 

Ohi paÓOTaax cb JHXopaAO^Hoň nocn'6aiHOCTBK>, eABa ycnisafl 
Ha6paciiBaTB na 6yMary to, ^tó cosj^aBajia ero, Kasajocb, neHCTO- 
n^HMafl TBopqecsafl caia. ^o chx'b nopi ohi nHca^iib uohth hckjiio- 

^HTBJírbHO JUpHqeCRÍfl npOBBBeAeHÍfl H ÓhUl^b HOBH^SOJfB BX poBiaH^. 

Ero BOBaa paóoia 6u^& necpaBHeHHO cjio»HÍe h Tpy;^H^e bc%x'b 
npesHHXx. 3a'&cb 6ujio yse He^ociaTO^HO npHCjyniHBaTbCfl k'b coÓ- 
CTBeHHUMX onj^yQ^eHifliťB, noAcreperaTb MHMOjerHUfl Hacipoenifl hjh 
jobhtb HeacHyio ne^xy. Hixi, eny xenepb npe^cxofl^ia ropas^o 
6ojAe €ep{»e3Hafl sa^a^a. Ohx ^^ojsohi 6iiun> pasotfpaxBCfl bi> na- 
Tepiajfb, noqepnnyxoMi hsx BOcnoMHHaniK h co(5cxBeHHaro onuxa, 
H nojosHXB Bh ocHOBaHÍe Bcero ({^yH^aMeHTi, 3ajoseHHuffi na expo- 
rHxi HayHHUXi a&hhuxi. Oj^na us^e caMuxi rjiaBHEixi xpy^HOcxeS 
cocTOflJia Wh xoMi, ^To6u MaxepiajTE ne xoJbKO ne saxeMHH^i 
ocHOBHOfi MHCJH, HO noA^epRHy^i 6u H ycHJHďi ee. 

M^TOWb x^ficxBÍfl ma CBoero ponana ohi Butípaji ox^a-ien- 
hhí OTb i^eHxpa KBapxaii Cojibnioro ropová, ohohl noxosifi na 

Ty M^eXHOCTb, B'b KOXOpoK Offb SEIl. 

3A^cb y^acTKH seiuiH 6ujh ^emeBu, h na hhxi, KaR'B rpH(5ii, 
noBCK)xy BucBaBHBasH 4^a(5pHRH, qepeAyflCb c^ yHUJiuMH c^phmh 
floCTpofiBaMfl, Txb noMin^aiícfl paóoqifi jiioai. IIo Be^epam cio^a 
flBjaiHCb cojiAaxu hsi coc^ahhxi BasapMi, hx'b BCxp^qajiH Rasi 
seiiaHHiixi rocxefi, h MŠcxHue RaÓaqRH ^aexo ne saRpuBajiHCb 

Q^jyiO HOHb. 

Heo6xoAHMafl ony oÓcxanoBRa 6bija y nero noA'B pyRott. EMy 
CTOHjío paenaxnyxb orho, h oh'b esHmajrb npoxHSHufi ^B,6piA^BuŘ 
ryj^cHTE, Jienerh HeBHAHMuxi jijkreŘ, HanoMHnaBmifi nxH^be ^HpH- 
saHLe, seecsifi roBopi h mapnaHRy eb aRROMaaHHMeHXOMi» co6a?baro 
BOfl. Bci BTH SByRH yjse BusuBaiH Bi neifi HSB^cxHoe nacxpoeHÍe. 
KpoMŠ xoro, ero RBapxaji 6ujn> o^enb yjio6eH'b a^a Ha(5;iH)AeBÍS. 
Mnoroe xaRoe, qx6 npHHHxo CRpuBaxb, npoHCxoAHJO sjíibch na r^a- 
saxi y wiTbj npH pacspuxuxi ^Bepax^b h pacnaxHyxux'B 0RHax'b. 
Offb xMsenx ÚujTb xojibRO Hiťfixb rjtasa h yniH — h p'£mHxej[bHO 
Bce 6hjo Ri ero ycjtyrani. JI,ase sanaxH, h npHxoirb A&^eRO ne 
BcerAa npiaxHHO, Bu^asaJiH ony xafiHu aomofb h npHBbi^RH hxi 
oÓBxaxejieft. 

KBapxHpa ero xose npoACxaaiflJia xopomifi naxepíaji^, HannHaa 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



626 B^CTBHKt BBPOmi. 

ch xosflfiKH, ]>2BH KiHnnejB. Efl Mysi cjiy«Hji na sejišsHofi xo* 
porš, H noHTH i](<kraMH ah^mh ero ne 6ujo xoMa. 

F-sa RjranneiB cb yxpa ao ho^h 6%raja no xoify fb pacnam- 
Holl ÓJiys-i, CB HenpH^ecaHHOĚ rojOBOfi h bi BoftjOHHiirB Ty4)JUX'B. 
O HacTOflii^eM^ o(5^A^ oea HHsorxa se Aynaia, h ceMBfl, 6jaro- 
Aapfl efl Ji^HH, DHiasacL xji6oM'b ci Macjioirb, nHposBaMH h bo4^. 
Bi BsapTRp^ noBCiOAy ^HJra rpasB, eecMorpa aa to, ^to xosflfiBa 
no H^CKOJEBy pasi b^b ageb Bjeraia vh BOiraaTy cbohxb subkorb 

CB niIJIBHOfi TpfllIBOB Bi pyBax'B. 

^pHi^i BHa^ajr6 npexocTeperajTB AiiBMy otb cÓJiHseaifl es 
xosHĚsofi, HO Kor^a niBeBHafl MamHHa 6ujia nocTaBJíeHa y nea 
Bi BOMHaT^, TO Ajbm£ BOJneft-HeBOjefi npHmjocB npoBOAHTB MHora 
BpeMeHH vh o($mecTB% r-sH EjurnneJB. 

OfitiBHOBeHHO, BOcxHH^aHCB pa<k)Tofi H npH^esaHieirB Ajbioi^ 
xosflfisa HaAOJTO saAepacRBaiacB y mBeSearo CTOJBBa, no cBoeny 
otfHBHOBeHÍH) He BunycBafl hss pyas nnjiBHoll TpflnBH. Oea jh>- 
ÓHiia nocnjieTHH^aTB, h hhbto Jiyqme en ne SHajTB bc^xs HOBOcret 
BBapTajia. Ona pa8CBa8B[Bajia caMua HeBOSMOsaiifl HCTopÍH o co- 
íAj^íVh. Efl ^aHTasifl wb stomi HanpaBjieHÍH ÓH^ia HeHCTon^HMa, b 
Bce, QTÓ oHa roBopHja, hm^jio TaBs hjh sea^e npflMoe OTHome- 
Hie Bx TeMŠ, H86paHH0lt ^pHAeMi BepTHHroMx. Bo Bctxs noB^ 
CTBOBaHÍflxs r-sH EjHonejib rjaBsyio poJB HrpajH BsaHMHHfl otho- 
meHÍfl nojOBi; ohh BapBHpoBajncB eio ao óesBOHe^EOCTH, na hhxi- 
BHflCAHJiHCB Bc^ efl pascBasu. RoHe^HO, $pHi^ BepTHHrB He mopb 
nojiBsoBaTBCfl Wh CEipoMi BHA% pascBasaMH CBOefi BSapTHpHOfi XO- 
sflftBH, HO Bce-TaBH H OHa CHOCoCcTBOBajia ero pa6orb. H^cbojibbo 
pasi 0H'B HBiTaicfl saroBapHBaTB cb AjibmoS o CBoefi Bneri, paa- 
CBasHBajTB efi ojiaB^B poMana, mrajs ota^I^hua cqeHii h HHre- 
pecoB&iCfl ysHaTB efl MH']tHÍe. Ohi* 3Haji'B^ ^to AjibMa o^enB mojo 
CB'lAyn^a vh n0A06Hux'B Bemaxi, ho ero HOTepecoBa^a ne BpHTHsa, 
a h4hto cobc4m'b Apyroe, lero owb xot&itb otb nefl aoChteca. 

Mnoríe (|>H8Íoj[orH; cb yqenieifB BOTOptirB $pHi^ ooBHaso- 
MHJCfl, pascMaTpHBajiH seHo^HHy BaBi HaB6oj'be THHHqHyfo npex^ 
craBHTejiBHHiiy noja, h bha'&ih fb btomi rjiaBHuž hcto^hhbs es 
orpOMHaro ^BSHqecBaro h MBCTH^ecBaro BJiiflHÍfl. ^pei^B uaxoAHi'^ 
^TO dra Teopifl HMŠerB cBoe ocHOBanie, ho eny xot^ocb aohoi- 
HHTB ee CBÍA'bHÍflMH, ao6eituiih ot-b caMofi sean^HHu. 

Ho Ajn>Ma ynopno yBJíOHflJiacB otb BaBHxi 6h to hh ůelxo 
pasroBopoFB na ary Teiiy; na bc% ero pascnpocu ona MOJ^ajia h 
tojibbo spacH^a, CMyn^ajracB h crapajiacB nepenecTH pasroBops 
na ^T0-HH6yAB Apyroe. KorAa se owh HacraHBaJTB, ?to6ei nojy- 
HHTB OTBÍrB, ona npHHHnaJiacB njiaBaTB. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



mATRlfl OOHOBU. 627 

ŤpBJJIb nOHflJIl, HTO Bl Hefi rOBOpHTL Heno6%AHMOe ^yBCTBO 
SeHCSOS CTHXJIHBOCTH. OhE COHJiaCB OIOBaMH rOBOpHTb o TOWbj 

it5 6um Hacyn^HuiTB xjA6oult> etl OTHomeHifi. Owb octebhjix eé 
Bi noRoi, HO CBOflMi MOj^aBÍeMi OHa Aa>2[a eiiy (5oji»ine, ^m'b 
Mooa 6u Mfikih ciOBaMH. Osa npHnoAHflja eiiy saB^cy, CRpuBaB- 
myio TafiHHSH seHCBOfi AyniH, h ocBÍTaia eiiy MHoroe. 



vn. 

Ej^HHCTBeHHEiMi paBBje^eBÍeMi PM ^pEUfi, BepTHHra bo Bpeiiii 
dTOft yeoieHHOfi paÓOTu 6ujin CBa^aHÍa ci» JleM^HHBOiTB. Ohh 
Bcrpš^ajHCB pfieuTi b% RO^fiHofi, a no Beqepani bi nHBHOfi, Ryxa 

BepTHHrb npHBOAHJ'B Ch COfiOK) H AjbMy. 

MoďOAaa A'6ByinRa ^acaMH AOJsea Óujra cjiymaib cnopu AByxs 
Apysefi, BCfl^ecKH no^aBJíflfl s^BOxy, Roxopofi $pH^^ ne beihocui. 
JleM^^HHK^, e^Ba aaM^^aji no rjiasaifB Ajbmli, hto oea ycTajia^ 
TOTHaci se HaqHHajTB coCepaTsca yxo^HTb noA^ npeA^orom co6- 
CTBeHuofi ycrajiocTH. 

$pHi^ SESUThy HTO eí*o Apyn 6ujn> BonJioii^eHHoK necTHOCTsio. 
Ctóhjo eny HeMHo;RRo nociynHTBca cbohmh yó^sAesiniiH, h 0fl'& 
saHflji 6ei, (5jiaroAapfl BcecTopoHHeii o6pa30BaHHOCTH, Ha^HianHO- 
CTH H npHjesaHÍH), cobcími Apyroe H']tcTO h vb šypnajiHCTHR^, 
H B% jHTepaxyp^, a MesAv t^mx ohi> (5paji% caMyio pasHOofipas- 
fiyio pa(5oTy, hto6u hmítb ^'6111 shtl, h peByjbTaTu dTofi paóoru 
AajreBO ee cooxBtTCTBOBajiH ROJiH^ecTBy noTpaqeuHEix^B chjii. 

$pHip> SESurby qTo JleMil^HHRi oTCEjJiaJii qacTb CBoero roHO- 
papá MaiepH h cecxpt, cyn^ecTBOBasniH&ťB CRy^HOň neHCÍefi, ociaB- 
meficfl nocii OTi^a, h rpomí Toro Haqa.ix e^e BunjiaqHBaTb Bep- 
THHry AOJirB, CAiJraHHHfi eme vh BepjiHei. ^pHi^-b oxotho 6íi 
OTRasajCfl OTB 8THX1 Aeeerb, SHajai, RaR'b ipyAHO ohh AOCiaBajiHCb 
ero ipyry, ho JleM^HHRi 6ujii> oqeHb meneiHJieHx, h ero jierRo 

6UJ[0 OChA^TB OTRaSOMl. 

^ORTopi jIeM4>HHR'b poAHJiCH Kb ueÓojibniOHi ropoA^ Bl IIlBa6ÍH. 
OxeiTB ero 6uji'b THTyjuipBufi cob^ťhhri h Beji shshb HeoSuRuo- 
BeHHO CRpoMHyH), HO xoT^Jii BO HTo 6bi TO HH cxajio A^Tb o6pa- 
soBaHÍe CBoeny ctiny. CTapanin oii^a yB^unajiHCb ycnixoMi: na- 
jeHbsifi FeHpflxx o6uapysHji'B 6o.ibniifl chocoGhocth r'b yqeHbio 
H Wh R^acei 6uji> nepBuiii. RpoM^ Toro, OH'b yBJíeRajCfl jurre- 

paTypOfl H OHOBL MHorO HHTaJťB. OrOH^HB^ yBHBepCRTeTl H OCHO- 
BETaibHO H8yHHB'B AP^BHÍe H HOBUe flSBIRH, OH^b P']kniHJl'b CA^jaib 

nyTemecTBÍe h no6uBaTb bi BepjiHHi. Btotb ropoA'B cna^ajia 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



628 BfiCTHHBX BBPonn. 

npoHSBejii Ha mojioaofo HenoB^Ra OTxaJiBHBaiaiiiiee Bne^aiJŠHÍe, ho 
Kor^a OHI ocMOTp*]^ 3AaHÍfl, yqpesAeHifl h naMATHasH, to coBep- 
meHHO nepeM^HEJii MH']^HÍe. Emj yse ne saxor&iocb BepnyTEca 
Ha poAHHy. ^To6u yro^HTL OTi^y, ohi c^ajii dssaMeffb sa AOETopa, 
HO Bt TO ae BpeMa jejifljit bi ;tyin4 o^ohl CM&iyio MOHTy: eify 
xor&iocb HaoHcaTb anH^ecsyio nosMy. FepoeMi ea jífinsíeE^ Óush 
HBHTLCfl BncMapsi, ROTopuMi OHI o^OHs yBJíeRajica. IIoHa;(o6HJca 
i^^uň roA'B caMaro ycnjennaro h OT^aflHnaro Tpy^a, npes^e wbwh 
•leH^HHBi y6'lAHJCfl, HTO, npH x^aMoMi ropflqeM'B yB^ie^enÍH h ca- 
MOH'B (5oraTOM'L MaTepíaji^, HRsor^a ne cos^aTb noaTH^ecnaro npoHB- 
Be^eniH, ecjin ne oÓJia^aemb KaqecTBaMH, Heo6xoAHMHMH aja noara. 
Ohi npHSHajica ce6i wb stomi cb nojiHott OTKpoBeHHOCTBH), xota 
eMy yjsacHO 5ujo JKajib noTepannaro Tpy^a h HecÓdBinettcH motth. 
El 9T0My BpeneHH saBx pa3'L He6ojBinott BanHTajix, Hasna^eHEiifi 
ero OTi^OMi ;^Jifl o6pa30BaHÍa cuna, coBepmeHHO HCTon^HJiCfl, h ohi 
AOJseHt 6ujn, caMi AO((uBaTb cpe^CTBa kx cyn^ecTBOBaHÍio. Caopo 
OTei;^ ero yMepx, h JleiiýHHRx yšx&ii na po^HHy, B'e iiaTepn h 
cecTpi. Ohi ne xot^j['b BOSBpan^aTBca vb EepjHH'B h bsojtl mícto 
MjaADiaro yqHTeja b'b poahomx ropo^i, ho ne BEi^epsaJii aojto 
noAoďnaro cyu^ecTBOBanÍH. CjiHniBOirB mhofo owl bha^^ h ysnajii, — 
ero TAHyjo b^b 6ojikniofi ropoA'B, r;^ shshb BHn^a h myMijia 
BOBpyr'B, n^b 6ujio xaBi mhofo nonaro h jsHBoro. 

BepHyBHiHCb uocjii ro^^OBOro OTcyTCTBÍa wh BepjHHi, ohx c^- 
jLSucn sypnajíHCTOMi. Pa6oTa dra, ocoóeHHo bemsui^ xstsajacb 
eiiy ne Jierso. IIpHxoAHJiocb nyTomecTBOBaTb hbi pe^aRi^ÍH bx pe- 

^aKI^ÍK) B% nOHCBaXl pa60T&I H nOA^HHATbCfl TpefiOBaHÍHlfB H BBTJIfl- 

;iaM'b, coBepmeHHO ne coBna^^aBniHiii cl ero co6cTBeHH£iMH yfi^s^e- 

HÍflMH. BepjIHH'b, npH BCeM'B Byj[bTypHOM'b ÓoraTCTB^ H npoi^BÍTaHÍH, 

6uA% o^eHb óijífiE^h Bi CMKicjii HCKyccTBi H JETcpaTypu. Bce, 
^t6 noflBJHJiocb B% nenaTH hjih na cufiE^, 6ujio ejie noApasanieMi^ 
4)paHqy3aM'b, hjih me cocTaBiflJiocb no pasi npHsnaHHOMy ina6ji0H- 
HOMy pei^enTy. A npecca XBajifljia h' BocxHiu&iacb rocnoxcTByio- 
n^HMi BCByccTBOMx. O^HaBO onno3Hi4fl yse roTOBHjiacb. Mojio^ue 
jiioAH, npHHaA^eacaBmie bi caHbiM'B paBHOOÓpasHbuii napTÍflMi», 

CXOAHJlHCb TOJIbBO B^B OAHOHX: Heo6xOAHHO ÓHJIO saM^HHTb CTapOB 
HOBUMl. Bl OAHOM'b HdX TaBIiXX Otfo^eCTBl H COCTOflJOCb BHaBOlf- 

CTBo JleM^HHBa Cb ^pHi^eifb BepTHHFOMi. ^eHH oÓcqecTBa npe^- 
nojaraJiH naqaTb HSj^aBaTb raseTy na hobbixx Haq&aaxi h Hcsau 

Ce6^ CH^IbHUXl COTpyAHHBOBl. 3tH COTpyAHHBH HaniJIHCb Vh SBBb 

J[eM({)HHBa H BepTHHra, h tojibbo tfjiaroAapa Hiťb 6ujio Bimyn^eHO 
OBOJio A^cflTH HyMepoBi raBexEi. SaT^M-b HS^anie npeBpaTasocb, 
TaBi BaBi 6oj[bniafl nyÓJiHBa ae saHBxepecoBajacb hoboS rasexofi, 



Digitized by VjOOQI^ 



mATBifl oofiOBu. 629 

saKB He HHTepecyercfl HHBaKHMx cep^esHUMi npeAnpiflTÍeMi, a 
lOHiie HSAaTejH OTHOCHJiHCb Kh CBoeň raseTŠ fb Bucmeá cxeneHH 
cepbesBO, H AJifl JleM^HHBa saRpuTÍe en 6imo HacTOHn^HMi ropeM-b. 
Ohi ocBO<$ojE(HJCfl OTh pasHuxi o6fl3aTejBCTBi, saHABS He6o;ibmyH) 
cyiiMy ^enen y BepTHHra, h nosHHyjii» Tas'B oÓMaHyBmiS Béb ero 
Ha^esAu BepJHH^. Ha po;i(HHy BOSBpaD^aTSca eMy Bce-xasH ee xo- 
T&iocs, H OHX yšxaji^ b% tottl ropo^x, r;(% ^epeai hí^ckojibbo 
BpeMeHH, Kh ero (k)jrbinofi pa^ocxH, CHcaa BCTp']kTHjcfl Ch cbohitb 
TOBapHn^eifb BepTHHroirb. K'b lOMy ^yacTBy Apys6n, Roxopoe Jleif- 

i^BBTb HCiniTUfiaď^ K'B ^pHI^y, npHCOeAHHflJOCb HHOFAa fieBOJIbHOe 

HyBCTBO ÓesoÓHj^Hofl H rpycTflofl aaBHcra: y BepTHHra 6ujio Bce, 
ht5 npeACTaBjflďocb JleM^HHBy HecX^xoffHMSMi ]í,jia c^aciba. Ohi 
6iLrB HOdTb, T.-e. o6jiaAaj'b AftpoMi, o aoTopoMi jIeMýHHR'b 
Tasí ropflHO Me^xaji h orb Koroparo naBcer^a OTBasajca. RpoMŠ 
Toro, $pHi^^ nOjGíbsoBajiCfl óojbniHiťb ycn'6xoirb y seHn^HHi. He 
6e8i> rope^H saAaBajrb ce&b HHor^a Jle^^EES^ Bonpoci, saxo^flCb 
vb oÓn^ecTB^i BepTHHra h AjibMu: q^ii^ coficrsenHO stotx ^eJlOvbJi'h 
BaciysHjii, hto6h ero Tasí .ih)6hjh? 

JleM())HHB'E HOuoHaJiCfl a&eHDtHHaifb. Eiiy yAajocb coxpaHHTb 
i^OMyApeHHyio Ayiny h coBepmenno HHCXHfi BsrjiflA^b na senn^HHi. 
npo Hero MOSHO 6ujío caasaTb, hxo oh% snajii h noHHMaiE^ asen- 
n^HHy, HMeHHO noxony, qxo ne SHajťb senn^BHi. 

Do mh^híh) JleM^^HBBa, AjbMa 6uji& HacxoHn^aa seHu^Hna, 
cnocGÓnafl cocxaBHXb cnacxbe MysTOHH, h noaxony caMoe coBep- 
menei^finiee cyn^ecxBo wb iiipi. Ci TafinHiii* neyAOBOJibCXBÍeifb 
BBxbjTb úwhj Hxo BepxBHrb neAOCxaxo^HO itěheji axo coBpoBHnte. 
J^a JIeM(|>BHBa ne Hrpajo HHBaBoffi pojiH xo o6cTOflxejibcxBO, ^xo 
AjíbMa 6ujia npocxoro npoHCxosA^Hifl; sto ne MŠmajio efi hm^xb 
jooóňmfie cepAi^e h MaxepnHCKyH) Ao6poxy, cocxaBjflion^yK) oxjHqe- 
Teia»Hoe KaTOCXBO BcaBofl hcxhahoS seHO^BHbi. To, qxo ^pni^i 
xBJtb ch A^BymBofi bhí 6paBa, ne BOSMyntajo JIeM4>HHRa, ho oh'b 
Be Morb HOHflxb xofi jierBocxH, c% Kasofi mojoaoB ^ejoBŠKi oxho- 
CHJCfl Kh BBflxofi na ce6fl oxB^xcxBeHHOCXH. MHor^a eny cxanoBH* 
jioCB crpamno, Bor^a ohx AyMajii o ^pni^t h ÁJihwb. B^b shshh 
BasAaro xyxosHHBa jiofioBb nrpaexi oqenb Basnyio pojb, noxoHy 
9TO Bjdflex^ na ero xaopqecxBO. Ecjih jiK)60Bb ocnoBana rjiaBHmi^ 
o6pa30Mi Ha ^yBCXBenHOCXH h xyAOSHHKi cjhhibomi npeAaexca 
efi, TO dxo, BOHeqHO, naryóno noBJÍflexib Ha ero npoHSBexeHÍfl. Ho 

Ó&BTB JDOÓBH TBOpneCXBO HO^XH HeBOdMOSHO, HOXOHy ^XO OHO eCXB 

enj^e rjiy(}se npo^yBcxBOBanHoe h ecqe apne Hupasennoe npoABjte- 
Hie Tofi se jk)6bh. 



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630 BftCTHHSl BBPOnH. 



vni. 

PoMaHi ^pRua BepTHHra Óucxpo aoABHrajCfl Bnepe^i^ h npH- 
HHMaďi pasM^pu, HeosHAaHH£ie ms. caMoro antopa. ^Hem h 
HOHbH), sa Mofi HJH sa nporyjiROfi, ohx Bcer^a h noBOO^y pa5o- 
TajTL HaAi CBOHMx npoHSBeAeHÍeHi. ílnorjijaL oh'b BCRaRHBajii houh)^ 
Becb noTpflceHHtifi Baicofi-HHÓy^^b hoboS MucjbH), flBHBmeficfl eiiy 
60 cni H3i» TaHHCTBeHHOfi oÓjacTH 6e3C03HaTejBHaro, h aojto pas- 
;^yMU6aj'B, pa^tyncb CBoeMy otrpbitíh) h bi to se Bpeiifl TepsaflCb 
cooÓpaseHÍflMH, EasHifB nyreMi BsecTH dxo HeosHAaHHoe npioópi- 
Tenie b'b yse roTOBiifi h ciosHBniificfl MaieplaJii. 

HnorAa cjiynallHafl BCTp^na ca> HeH3B'bcTHiiirL qejOB^ROMi, 
^be-HHÓy^b noACJtymaHHoe cjobo, hjh ^^ojreT^Binifi oCpuBost ^pass, 
oTKpuBajH nepe^x hhm'b i^jyio coRpoBHniHHi^y hobsixi 56pa80Bi 
H npoACTaBJíeBifi, h eny npnxoAHJiocb yse 6opoTLCfl npoTHBi na- 
njuBa BTETh HOBuxi BneHaiJT^HÍfi, TaBi BaB'B BCflBoe npoHSBeAeHÍe 
HCKyccTBa ;i[0J[SH0 yni^ii^aTBCfl fe H3BtcTHux'B paMBaxi. Ob'b mhofo 
pas^ BOSBpan^ajrcfl bi yse HanHcaHHOHy, BEHMaxejmo npocica- 
TpHBaJTB ero, boo-hto BEiqepBHBajii, coBpan^aji^, muiBHJVby Boe- 
^TO Ao6aBjiflir&^ nepeHOCHJii b'b Apyroe mí^cto ujkji^ia ci^eHu, paspa- 
fioTHBaa HX-B eme TmaiejisH-fie h noApoCoíe. 

H3AaTain> Befic6Jiefixep'B ycHjeHHO Toponn^i ^pai^a. Eky xo- 
rksocb nojyqHTb pyBonacb Basi mosho CBop']^e. CpOB^B, b'l boto- 
poMy BepTHBr'B o^in^aji^ npe^^ciaBRTb poHaH^b, yse ;(aBHO npomejrB^ 
H Tenepb ee ocxaBajrocb HHBaBoS na^^esAU, ^to BHnra Biifi^eTB bi 
PosA^CTBy. Beficfijiefixepi 6ujii> pa3ApameH'b h yBopiirb BepTHura 
3a TO, ?T0 TOTx 6e3B0He^H0 BonaeTCfl Ha;i;% cbohm^b ponasoirB. Do 
ero mh^bík), nyfíjiHBa cobcími Be ByaAaeTCfl b^ qeMi-BH6y;^b xy- 
;^oaecTBeBBO-3aBOBHeBBOM^, OBa TOJibBO TpeÓyerb BOBaro, 6iecTfl- 
Bíaro H BcoatH^anHaro. — Hh sa hto Apyroe qHTaTMH ae Euiv>Th 
TepnÍBÍfl. Obx BaxoAHji, qTO ^ojrafl b BBHMaTOJbBaa paÓoTa 
Ba;^ BpoflSBeAeBÍeMi — dTO TOwibBO noTepn BpeMean h cbjx. 06pa« 
niaTbCfl Cb iiaTepiaioiťb cj^j^osaio Beo6uRBOBeBBO 6epesB0, h a^r 
BOCTpoeBÍfl poMaBa sbojsb"! ;i;ocTaToqBo 6hjio BaBofi-BBÓyAb OAHOfi, 
cpaBBHTejibBO BOBOfi MBicJiB, — Apyrífl se Ba;^o 6uzo Óepe^b jm 
eaÍAyiomeft paóoTH. Borb bi hcmi, bo ero mbíbíh), coctoajtl bcce 
ceBpeTi 6ojibmefi hjih ifeBbmefi BpoBBBOAHTejbBOCTH asTopa. Tojbro 
ByTeMi pasyMBofi dBOBOMÍH CBOBX'B CHJi'B BflcaTejb Morb npio6pi- 

CTB EUE B JSÍb^dUlCK BOByJIflpBtIlfl. PoJIb BB^aTejfl CBOj^HJiaCb VB 

pesjíanii. YM^jiafl peBJíaMa o6e3BeqHBajia ycB^xx, h nBcaxejib, myra, 
BpioÓptTaJii it^jiyiD Byqy ;íeHerb. 



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mATKIfl OCHOBU. 631 

BonpocB o AeHBrftx% ne 6ujrb fiespasjíHqeHi js^sa ^HEia Eep- 
TBHra. ĚMeHHO xenepB obi eaxoAHJCfl bi o^ees CT&CHeHHOifE no- 
joseBÍH. Ohi> saAOJsaji'^ Rpyroici, a BtrepexH en^e npexcroflJia 
HOBue naaresB, sysso 6lijio bhochtb A^Hbrfl sa RBapTHpy. Ho, 
HecMOTpfl Ha 9T0, OABa MHCJb nflcaTB HBi-sa A6HerL Rasaiacb eny 
ysacHOfi, yfiHBajia ero tboptcctbo h CBofio;íy. Ho ropasAO 6oji*e 
Bonpoca o ^eabraxi Myqsjía BepxBHra saasAft JHTeparypHofi cjiaBu. 

9t0 HyBCTBO Cl. H'ÍROTOpHl'B n0pT> nOCTOflHHO CBepJBJIO H OO- 

Aajo ero ;iyniy. Muc^eHHO npoó^raa yse npoftAeHHuli HifB nyTb, 
oei He MOTB He cosHaBaTb, hto ycaix^B ero BecBua coMHHxejieH-s 
H oqeBb Ma^io rto sHaerL o cyiaecTBOBaHÍB noara ^pai^a Bep- 
THHra. Bcjvb^^ sa biixoaom^ bi cbítl ero CTBXOTBopeBÍfi, Koe- 
KTO o;to6pBTejsHO OTosBaicfl o DHX^B Wh nenaTH h npHSHaii y 
asTOpa HetfojBmofi jiapa^ecRÍfi TajiasTi. Ho aTHMi ero ycuíxví h 
orpaBB^HJiHCs. O CBoefi sjonojiy^HOfi ap^mí obi CTapajCfl jtfiíme 

H He BCDOMHBaTb. 

A MesAy TŠM'L eny npnxoAHJOCb se pad'B ^Biaib o&b ycn*!- 
xaxx ApyrHXi. CRO^ibRO oodTOBi 6uM npocjiaBJíeBO sa aro BpeifH, 
CKOJibRO npoBSBeAeBÍfi npHSHaBO sa BIIAa.lo^^flCfl! Hohib sasAyK) 
HeA^bjíK) Bx BepjHB']^ OTRpiiBaiH BaRoro-HHÓyAB soBaro roBÍfl. 

EepTHBPb xopomo Baajrb, KaKBicB nyrejfL cosxaB&iacb dxa jh- 
TepaTypsafl oiaBa; obi npeRpacno noHHMaď'b, noveny OABHX^b XBa- 
jiHJH, a APyrHXX ciiiniHBaiíH cb rpHSbH), — ho MHByTaMH OMy Bce- 
TaRH ÓHBajo ropbBO Ha Ajurb^ h ohx yrioiajicfl iíhcibk), hto 
cyABÓa Óujih Kt BCMy irajocTHBŠe, wkwh Kh Apyrniii HecqacwHB- 
i^aiTb. Ona arersa noMHJia ero, — a CBOJbRo Jio^efi 0hjih oBoaqa* 
TOJbHO eiD pasAaBJíeHu! 

HacTynHiíH xojiOAa, h sHSHb ^pni^a h ÁJbMa craja en^e Óoji^e 
OABOo6pa8Bofi, tfes^b npHBu^Hiixi AOJirHxi nporyjoB^b h ipifljsMxnb 
no^AOBi RyAa-flH6yAb sa ropOA^b. Obh BCTaBajiH pano h nocM']^ 
qamRH sHARaro RO(j[>e npHHBuajiHCb RasA^ii sa cboh) paóoxy: obi 
caABJícH sa QHCbMeBBMfi CTOJTb, osa — sa niBefinyH) MamBBy. TaRi 
pa6oTajiH OHB 6esT> nepepBiBa ao caifaro o6iji9,. Kymaabe obh no- 
^^ajiH Hsi 6jHsafimaro pecropaBa h šjh ero bo^th iipocTUB- 
mflMi. HoTOMi ^pHi^i oxnpaBjíHJicfl bi RO(|)efiByH>, htoÓu Bcxp^- 

XHXbCfl Cl JIéx<|^HBROMl. ^ Ho BOSBpaQ^eBÍH, OBI OBflXb Ba bí^crojbro 

^acoBi ycasBBaiíCfl sa pa6oxy, a RorAa OBa eny Be yAaBajacb, 
xo 6pocduicn ci cnrapofi Ba AHsaBi b jiesajii, o^AyMEiBaa cBofi 
poMani HiH BnaAaH bx BeMHJOcepAByH) xasApy. 

Do BeqepaMi obh yme ne mofjih oxnpaBjflxbCfl bt> RaRofi-an- 
6yAb nepBopaspBAHuň pecxopani^ Raní a^&^h 8xo paHbme, no- 



Digitized by Google 



632 BMTHHE^b EBPOnil. 

Toiiy HTO Bacca hxx tfEua b'l oneoB 2sa;iB0Mi nojoseniH. DpHxo- 

AHJIOCB 6ll6flpaTB OJÍJiY HSl 6jIH»a&IIIHXX HHBHIIXX^ T^Š HXl 8HaJH 

H MOFJH Bi BpafiHeJťB cjiy^at OBaaaTE bp6ahtb. 

BHaqaA']^ ^pHi^a BepTHHra KopoÓHJio orL HenpHBu^Hofi 06- 
CTaHOBBH, ero xoniHHJio otb cMimaHHaro sanaxa nHsa^ KymaHÍft h 
AemeBuxi CHrap'B, ero CMyn^aitx Hepe8<iyp'B HenpHHysx^HHHfi tohx 
nociiHTeieň h eny p^saia rjiasi rpasb Bcero ospysaion^aro. Ho 
nocTeneHHO oh^b npHBUBi bo BceMy axony h flfiu&e HaxoAHJii, 9to 

HMOBHO SAiCb OWh MOSeTB DOJy^HTB nOAXO^fl^ífi MaTepÍaJ'B A-Ifl 
CBOHXl Ha6jH)jl(eHÍfi. 

Hl^iiMH Be^epaMH b% dToicx pecTopaH^HB'£, HOCHBmeMx rpoM- 
Boe HasBaBÍe „ropoA'B IlapHsi^, pas^^aBajHCB ({^aiBDíHBHe sByBH 
jKajiBaro opBecTpioHa. Ofiu^aue noe&THTeiH He csuinaiH bt^ hhx'B 
HH?ero BappHBaTypHaro, a ^pem, OTjHqaBmificfl MysuBaiBaociBiOy 
ffl TaBofi CTeneHH npHBUB'B k% dToS iiysuBi, ?to CBy^a^ix, Bor^ft 
CH no^eMy-HHĎyAB ho 6euo. 

y $pHi^a H Ajbmu 6ujio CBoe onp6A'£jieHHoe m^cto. Ohh hh- 
Bor^a HH CB BiiťB He pasroBapHBaiH, ho sHara bi jihi^o bc^x'b 
npHBUHHux^B noc^THTejeň pecTopana h pasaseBasHCB, eatí^io^afl sa 
HHMH. 3a'6cb ohh HOCTOflHHO BCTptnajH BJiioÓJLeBEjio oapo^By, Bcerxa 
MOJiHa, HO CB ÓJiaseHHofi yjiuÓBOfi y^ORiexBopaBniyA caofi MOJtoxofi 
anneTHTB. Hxi cwbmiun> lOHufi npesas^HBi, cb npHJHsaHHUMH h 
HanoMaseHHiiMH BOJiocaMH, bi HeH8M'bHH0M'B necxpoifB raicryx^j^i 
cb rpoMaAHofi ÓyjiaBBofi hsi ^Hcrb&maro cxesjía. Oh^b nocioanHO 
npHxopamHBajíCA h BUTflrHBaji cboh MaHsexBi Bas^^fi pas^B, Basi 
MBMO Hero npoxoAHJia BgjiBHepnia. Bhun, sa^cb h ciapHB^B, ci BHXf 
noxoAHBmiň na pa6oqaro^ hctohhhbx nocTOflHHaro pasApasenifl a^ui 
xo8flHHa saBeAeHÍfl h Bcefi npecjiyrH. Ohi cha^x i^bimh Be^e- 
paMH HaA^B eAHHCTBeHHofi BpysBOfi HHBa, ^HT&TB rasexu H HHBor;(a 
5ojBnie uH^ero ne TpeÓOBaii. 

ÁJBiia yM'|jia cxBaTiiBaxB Bce HHTepecnoe b'b oapysiaian^efi ee 
o6cTaHOBB%, H ^pHi^i qacTo yAHBjífljicfl ea chocoóhocth naÓJiOAaTB. 
^^BymBa se^a aobojbho CByqHyio shbhb. D^^iift a^hb y Hea npo- 
xoAHJii sa paóoToii h bi xosaficTBeHHuxii xjonoxaxi, a Be^epaiiH 
ea eAHHCTBeHHUMi pasajeneHÍeMi 6ujio nacaiiH cha^tb sa ctojh- 
BOMx B^B HaBypeHHoS BOMHaii. Ho, bx c^acTBK), ona Hjr&ia cno- 
C06BOCTB BO BceiťB HaxoAHTB CBOH) xopomytD CTopony. TpyAHO Ósuo 
yAopsaxBca oxi» yjiu6BH, BorAa ona CMÍajacB, ooBasuBaa cboh 
aejiHBOiinHiie syóu. Ona ho 6ujia xpeóoaaxejBna b'b sh3hh, h efl 
6oApoe Hacxpoenie HeaojBHO nepeAaBajiocB $pHi](y. Oh^b roBopRirb^ 
HTO OHa „yM^exi shxb'', x.-e. yM'lex% npHHopaajHBaxBca bx 06- 
cxoaxej[BCXBaM'B h nacjnasAATBca BasAofi xopomeffi MHHyxofi. 



1 



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mATKIfl OCHOBU. 633 

Bci noc^THTeiH pecropana seasH xopomo Ajbiiy h ^pHi^a. 
^Hi:(i> npHBiiR'L BHA^TB, HTO HE ero DOApyry OHeHB MHorie nocMa- 

TpHBaiH Cb YAOBOIBCTBieMl H CX 3aBHCTSH), H 8T0 He TOJIBBO Hd 

BnsHBajo Bx HeM'L pasApaaceHÍH, a GxiJio eMy Aa«e jecxHO. Ho 
OXHHX paai aHx Bxpyn BosMyTHJCfl noBe^edeicB o^Horo hs^b rocTefi. 
3a o^HHiTB Hsi AUBHHxi) CTOiHKOBx CH^tJii BoepBue nOflBHBmifiCfl 
BTE dTofi DHBHofi MOJO^ofi qeiOB^Bx H HO cnycsa^i rjiasi cx Ajíura. 
Korxa se ocboŮo^ejicsí CTaiHK'L na &ih80Cth, to oh% nocir&inH4'B 
nepecicTB kx eeMy. 

Oo cBoany BHŠmHeMy BHxy nesoBŠBi axoTE hoxoahjtb na pa- 
6oHaro. Ohx 6ujrh oienb^BíícoBaro pocTa, cb yssofi^ Bnajofi rpy^Bio^ 
H Bo BcibTh ero ABHKeaiflxi 6aia RasaflTO Hepsnaa topoiuihboctb^ 
pasApasaBniafl ^pnuia. HesHaRonei^i bhabmo nyBCTBOBaix ce6fl ho- 
yiOTHO Ha HOBoiTB wbcvb. Obi onycB&si TeMHiie^ rjiyÓOKO noca- 
seHHue rjasa, neúRfínŘ pan, Basi na nero CMOipiúu, ho ootoicb 
CHOBa noAHH]iaa'B hx'b h ycTpeMJifljii ropanúfi bstma% na AjiBMy. 
^Hi^y npmniío vh nxiOBy, ^to ohi HM^exi a^o cb fioJBHHiťB. 
Jlmuft y He8HaR0Mi](a 6iuio Hcron^eHBoe, ci cHHeBaxofi 6jšahoctbk), 
H BecB oh^b h]iíi'b bhai ^exoB^Ba, ne^aBno Bunyn^eHnaro hsi 6ojib- 

HHipi. 

DoBCAeme iohoiuh, HaBonei^i, Ha^aso npHBiesaTB BceoÓqee 
BHmiaHie. AjíBMa, ofiBncHOBeHHO ^iobojbho paBHOAyniHafl bi n0A0(5- 
Buwh npnunoHeHifliťB, ea btotb pasx bhahmo BSBOJHOBaiacB h ch- 
A^a BCfl RpacHaa. 

^hi]^^ yse coÓHpaicfl oÓpaTHTBCii kb xosflHHy, wroóu totb 
yWuiBň^h HasofijiHBaro noc']&THTejifl, ho AjBMa cxasa ero ynojuiTB 
BB^ero He npeAnpHHHMaTB, h ohh nocniniHaH yfixH hs^b HHBHOfi. 

Ob Tofi nopu HiťB ne npHmjocB 6ojiBnie hh pasy BCTpi^aTBCfl 

CB CrpaHHBlTB HeSHaSOMI^eMl, H ^pHI^^B CBOpO COBd^ 8a6iLI'B O&h 
BTOITB MaieHBKOlfB upHlLUOHenÍH. 



IX. 

B% OAHH'B npeBpacHiifi a^hb bi ^pnny EepTHnry flBHJca hh- 
caTejB EapojiB h npenecB orpoMHufi naserB. Obi 6uji% bhahmo 

BBBOIHOBaH^B, HO HBl BClXTi CHJ^B CiapaJCfl BasaTBCfl CHOKOfiHBIlfB 

H HH^^'B ne o6Bapy;RHBaTB csofiCTBennaro eMy jiH)6onuTCTBa. 

^pHi^B 6uji'h o^eBh paA'B, hto AjiBMa ch CBoefi MamHHoň 6uja 
FB 9T0 BpoMfl FB xoBflficBofi BOMHai^. EMy o^eHB He xorkiocB no- 
CBan^aTB droro cjiynafinaro focta bx hoapoÓhocth cBoefi hhthm- 

HOfi SH8HH. 



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634 B^CtBSBi EBPOim. 

Owb npe^JOSEJTE 3HJB5epy c^cte. Toto cteji ycueHHO hsbh- 

HflTbCfl Sa CBOfi BHSHTB, TOBOpSiTB, HTO Óy^eTb B'B COBepmeHHOMl 

orqaflHÍH, eciH noiflmaeri ^pei^y. Oh'b, no coÓCTBeHHOicy ooHiy, 
xopomo BEMi>y Basx dTO (SuBaerB TflasKO, Kor^a HT0-HH6yAB B;ipyrb 
npepBOTi TBop^ecRyK) ^aBTasÍH)... Ho Bce, nxd owb nporoBopHn, 
HHCBOJTLBO He nonímajio eMy saHflTs npe^JioseHHoe m^to h ee 
ocTaBjflTb ero aobojbho npoAOJisHxejiBBoe speMfl. Oei 6uj'b bi xa- 

KOlfl B0CT0pr6, ^TO BaROHOI^-B-TO MOSeTE QOrOBOpHTB BaeAHH'& Cl 

r-MX BepxHHroMi!.. 

^pHiJTB cpasy noHflJii, noneiiy HMeuno 3EJih6epi> xasi noA^ep- 

BHBaiťB axy BOSMOSBOCXb nOrOBOpHXB CB HHMli HaexHH^. EMy HaCTO 

npHxoAHJiocB BCxptqaxB Rapojifl bi toB caiiofi bo^^hoS, fa^ oh'b 
o6uKHOBeBHO BHA&icfl ci> AOBxopoMi JIeH4)HHB0]rB. KaKi*TO pasi 
3HJB6epi 6681 Bcaaaro npHoameHÍa npHC&ii Kh hx'b crojiyi bo 
eMy KBuiB noBBTB, mo OEh — coBepmeBBO JiHniBiň. 

^pBi^i EepxHBPB BaxoABJíi, Hxo Tor^a obb nocxynHJiH cb 3hjb- 
6epoM'B yse nepes^ypí rpy6o, bo JleM^BBBi ÓpajTB bck> BBBy Ba 
cetifl B Ba Bci BospaseBÍfl $pBi^a noBxopaJi^B, ^xo axoxi rocno- 
ABBX eMy Bi BBicmefi cxeseas BenpÍHxeB'B. 

— y 8xoro 3flr4)pflAa 3BJiB6epa b ^yBia-xo penopxepcKaa, — 
roBopBJíi reapflxx JleM^BBBi. — Tbi xojbbo BsrjuíBB xopooieflbBO 
aa ero rjiasa, EepxBBrB! Boxi nejiOB^irB, soxopuB b fiesi sanflc- 
Bofi bbbsbb ciyMÍex'B npeBpacBO sanBcaxB Bce, wo eay noxpe- 
fiyexcfl. 

H Bor^a $pBi^ uuTMCB Hxo*xo BOspasaxB, ob'b nepe6flji 
ero cjOBaMB: 

— Axi. nycxBKB! 3xoro 3BJB6epa a oxjib^bo SBaio. Tenept 
OB^B xpABflpyexcfl Bi BpacByio MaBxiio b Ji^ioerb bob^b bsi bosb, 
HxoÓBi sasojiyqflXB MyqeBBqecRÍfi B'6Beq'B, bo dxo BBcaoJibBO Be no- 
M'bniaexi eMy bbocji^acxbíb BynaxBca b'b sojoxí. 

H 60X1 xenepB, Bor^a 3Br4)pBA'B 3BJiB6ep'B cha'6j'b nepex^ 
^pfli^eMi Bi 6jiaroroB'lfiflOM'B bocxb^obíb, $pflixy coBepmeaBO ae- 

BOJIBBO BCnOMBBJBCB CJlOBa AeU^UBK^y B OBI HO^XB COrjamaJICfl CB 

CBOBMi ApyroMi. 3Br<{)pBA'B 3Bj[B6ep'B B aa aero npoBSBOABJí^B ao- 
BOJBBO cxpaaaoe b aoAOspaxejiBBoe Bneqaxjri^Bie. 

MesAy xími, 3Br<{)pBA'B 3BirB6ep'B ae yMOJBaj'^ bb aa Maayxy. 
Oai pascBasuBaji o cbobxi JiaxepaxypaHx^ BsrjiflAax^B, o njaaaxi 
aacHexx npocBtnj^eaia aapoAa, yaoMflaajii o BaaoMi-xo coioa^ pa- 
doHBXi, wb KOxopoMi OBI Hrpaj'B pojiB AyxoBBaro qeaxpa. 11 ace 
8X0 Bi nepeMesRy cb BoapocaMB oxaocaxejiBBO B3rj[flA0B'B cfioero 
cofieciABBBa, oxbíxu Boxoparo ob^b jiobbji cb Banofi-xo saA^ 

BOCXBK). 



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mATRIH OCHOBBI. 635 

HasoHei^ 3Mh6ep'h caoxBaiflJCfl, hto ohi sacHA^cfl. Ohx 

6lICTpO BCBOHHJl H CHOBa CT&Il HSBHHflTBCfl. OhX nOA^epRHyjTB 61116 

pa3'B, fift BaRoB CTen6HH eiiy 6ujio npiiaíTHO noroBopHTB cb diHs- 
KHMS no Ayxy HejOB^KOMi. 3to c^acrbe lasi p^abo Buna^ajio eiiy 
Ba AOJH). SaT^Mt OHI pasBflsaitx naK6n, BOToparo oh^b laBi h ne 
BunycBaji h3'b cbohx'b tohbhxi, 6esnoBOfiHiixi> pysx, h nojiosHJii& 
Ba CTOJii pyBonHCB. 3to Óhjx 6ro poMan^B: ^Bi FeTTo". Eny xo- 
rbJíocB seaTB MB^^HÍe r-na EepTnera. Ohi ocTaBH^sx ipEu^y pyKO- 
HHCk, cRasaBx, HTO Ch HeT6pn'£HÍeM'B 6yA6rB osHj^aTB ero opuro- 
Bopa. 

y $pBua BepTHHra ne Óblio CBOÓOAnaro bp6M6hh, hto6ii sa- 
HHJiaTBCfl BsyHOHÍeifB qysHxx pyBOHHCoS. IXimyH) h6aÍjíio ponani 
iipoji6aiaai> y H6ro na ctoji^, panBmo q^Mx ohi -cjyqaftHO h6 hoa- 
B6pHyjicfl eMy no^x pyBy bx MHHyxy, Bor^a co6cTB6flHafl paCoxa 
y Hero no^eMy-TO ne BjeHjacB. Ohx pasdBHBO ciaii nepejiHcxEi- 
BaxB „r6xxo", BuxBaxuBafl iffacxaMH no atcBOJiBBy cxpoBfB, h BxpyrB, 

COBepmenHO H60«HAaHH0 Jl^ň C66h, CHJIBHO 3aHHX6p6C0BaJCfl HAťB. 

Oh'b cxaj^B qexaxB co BHHMaBÍeifB h hoboh^hjii cb poManoMi b^b 
HO^H, Bor;(a BaBoeoi^i AOHHxaji'B nocji'6AHioH) cxpoqsy. 

B^B poMani ODHCBiBajiacB cy^B^a coapeiieBnaro espoa. 3xo fiujii 
O^AHflBi, coOcxBeBBBíMH CHJiaiiH opoČHBHiifi 666*1 Aopory H cxaBmifi 
fioranoMi, ho 6oraxcxBO ne npHHecio 6My HHqero BpoM$ ropa. JIidah 
npesjíOHflJiHCB n6peA'B ero AGBBraMH, 6objihcb ero, ho hhbxo ero 
He JUOÓHJii, a MeďSj^y x^mx ohi sasA&J^ jk)6bh. Om> nomejri vb 
cpeAy napoAa h xaM^B cxapaicn aoÓhxbca cxaxb 6jih3bhmx, cbohhi 

HeJ0B'lB01l'B, ho H SA^CB, BaBX BeSA'^, OHI BCXpiXHJl OAHO HO^OCpO- 

seiaxe^BCXBO, HeHasHciB h npesp^aie. XpHCxiaHCBafl A'ÍByniBa, na 
Boxopofi OB'B xoxd^Jix soHHXBCfl, oxBeppja ero jiid6o6b. Erojy?miB 
ApyPB, apHCxoBpaxi no posa^hík), cnacenHuS hmi oxi 6aHBpox- 
cxBa, o<5MaHyji'B ero caMEiMi bhsbhhi oópasom. Ohi jiíbjíwh Ao6po 
jífiB cxpaBBi, saiťi&HHBniefi eny po^Hny, ho h xaiťB ocxasaicfl nys- 
AUMi. y Hero ópaiH AOHBrH h oxBasBiBajiii eiiy b'b BaBOMi 6u xo 
hh 6hjo oCn^ecxaeHHOMi nojtoseBÍH. 

PoiiaH'B saBaHHHB&scfl x^Mi, Hxo repofi cxanoBHJicfl HaBOHei]^^ 
Tkwbj H^Mi ero CA'^ajio xpHcxíancBoe o6n^ecxBO. Hs^b nero Bupa- 
6oxajicfl caMufi Óessajocxníifi roHHxejB, BaiinHpx, cocyn^iffi nysyio 
BpoBB, HJiH, Bopone roBopn, coBpeMeHHufi espefi. 

^yscxBOBajiocB, ^xo bi axoMi poMan^ Óujio mhofo jH^aaro, 
MHoro xBBoro, qxo aBxopi caMi nepesHJii h nepeqyacxBOBajii. Bi 
„Fexxo" nona^ajiHCB ciaóua u A&sse bomh^hbíb iiď^cxa. HanpH]r6p'B, 
onHcaHÍe xaBi HasHBaeMaro „BBicmaro o6n;ecxBa", cb Boxopuicx 
aaxopx 6iiii snaBOifB xojbbo no nacjruniB'!, ne xojbbo ne BH^ep- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



636 BftOTHBRB EBPOnU. 

SHBajto KpHTHSH, HO BusuBUo HeyAepsHMufi CM^xi. OaMuifB y^a^i- 
HHMi B^b poMae^ 6ujio H3o6paseHÍe nacipoenifl repoH, pasABoeH- 
HOCTH ero JiymHy 6oph6u Mexijsj HeHaBHCTBH) h T^rorlmeirB bo 
BceMy H^Mei^KOMy, ero jhoCbh r'b coÓcxBedHOMy eapo^y b^ i^jom 

H HHCTBHBTHBHOe OTBpan^eHÍe 0TB OTA'&!IBHlirB «SHHHOCTefi, »aiKHX'B 

nopojBA6HÍfi paÓCTBa h yrflereHifl. &b o6nifiWby rasafl npaBAHBaa h 
flpBan xapaBTepHCTHBa coBpeiieHHaro eBpeficTsa Mor^a y^ai^cs 
TOJisBO nHcarejiH)^ BumeAmeiiy h3% ero cpe^u h ÓJimuoiíy efi no 

Ayxy. 

BepTHHrb HO oxEjifijvb HHHero no^oCnaro orB 3HJiB6epa. Jleif- 
^^HHBB MOi*b, CBOJibBO eiiy 6ujio yroAHO, HanaAaxb ea 3HjQ[B6epa, hb- 
BBiBaTb ero iisariaTOpOMB h s&ibvmb peuopxepoHB, ho bi dTOMB 
poMaHŠ MHoro CTpaBBi^ 6BIJH HanncaHu BpoBBio oepwa h jsjamajíE 
HacTOBiE^efi, »H8BeHH0fi npaBAOfi. 

^pHi^B EepTHHPB caiiB nomejiB oiHecTH pyBonecB. 3Hr^pHA^ 
3BJ[B6epB saHHMajB aobojbho sajiByH) BOiiHaiy bb netBepTOifB 
BTaaci. BosAyx^ bx Hefi 6£ijib OTBpaxeTejiBHufi, h bca oÓcraaoBsa 
TBBafl HenpHFJiflAHafl, ^to, no cpaBneniH), coCcTBennoe noMŠn^enie 
noBasajocB ^pni^y h djeranTHEiMB, h BOM^opTaÓejbHUM^. Bx bom- 
Baii 6ujío xojioAHo, H 3HJiB6epB o^^bchrib, ^to jsejIsHafl ne^B 

TBBB AUMHTB, ^TO OHB HSÓ^raeTB ee TOBHTB. CaMB OHB 6UJL% BB 

BHMHeMB najBTO, H3B-noAB BOToparo BurjHAHBaáa pyÓaniBa aobojibho 
coMBHTejiBHofi cB^secTH. $pHi^B sacTBiEB ero sa pa6oTofi. Ha max- 
BoifB cxoJHB'! jesaia pyBonHCb; pa^OMB Ch nefo cxoajb cavoBaps 
H ^epHHiiBHHi^a; sa^cb me Jieasaja n^exBa ji^a bojiocb, h^cbojbbo 
raJicxyxoBB, JiacjieHBa h BycoBB xjiíÓb.. EAHHCxBenHOfi pocBomBK> 
BB 8xoň yóorofi bomhbxí 6um noiiBa, na Boxopofi noM^i^n^ajiocB ho- 
Boe HBAAHÍe BHi^HBJíoneAHHecBaro cJOBapff, h oahhb xomb ero je- 

SaiB paCBpHXUMB, pflAOlTB CB pyBOHHCBH). 

$pHi^B noJiOHBJB pyBonHCB Ha nocxejiB; a cbhb c^% hb e^HH- 
cxBeHHBift BB BOMeaxt cryjvh, ABxopB „Fexxo" npHmejTB vh xaBofi 
BOCxoprB orB nocin^emfl BepxHHra, ^xo npHHflJCH 64raxB no xšc- 
HOfi BOHHBx^, MesAy T^wh BBBB ^piiqB noApoÓHO pa86Hpajr£ ero 

POMBHB. 

KoFAB OHB BOHqHJB, 3Hr^pHAB xeaxpajn>HBiMB secxoiTB npOTfl- 
HyjiB eny pyBy h npHHfljiCH pascBinaxBCfl fb cbmhxb BpacHopšíH- 
BBixB BBipaseHÍflxx CBoefi 6jiaroAapHOcxH. Ohb yB^pn^B, ^xo Te- 
nepB eMy fiespaaiHqno, ÓyAexB jih HanenaxaHi ero pombhb, hjh hštb, 

XBBX BBBB HHqXO He MOSeXB CpBBHHXBCA CB yAOBieXBOpeHÍeiTB, OO- 

jyHeHHiiM^B HMB oxB OAo6peHÍfl OAHoro H3B fijiHSBHxi OMy nd Ayxy. 
TenepB ero ujbjíh ÓHJia AOCXHrnyxa, h Ůojiie "vhwb BorAa-JiH(5o ero 
nyrajia hucjb BHCxynnxb cb poMBflOMB nepoAB npoýaHBMH. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



fflATKlfl OCHOBH. 637 

^pHi^^b- cxapajrcfl bcÍmh CH^aMH HanpaBHTb pasroeopi ea Apy- 
ryK) Teny h yiuoHHTkCfl on cjHmROirb iiujirhx^b npoEBJíeHiB chm~ 
naTÍH CBoero HOBaro sHaROMaro. Ho sto 5hjio He Tani-To JierBO. 
3Hr<|>pHAi» 3a5pocaj['B CBoero focta BonpocaMH OTHOCHxejibHO OTjijbjsh- 
BUVb qacreft poHana, xotíjii to^ho seaTL, qxd hmobho npoHSBaso 
Ha Hero HaH6o.ibniee BnenaTJi^flie h ht5 ^ynaerB obi o tom^b hjh 
ApyroMx Hsi AMcTByion^Hxi jehi^. BcflKoe, canoe HHHToaiHoe, sa- 
M^^aHÍe $pHi^a om> noAXBaTHBa;i'B HajieTy, cb cBoňCTBeBHofi eny 

ROMH^HOň CTpeMHTeJbHOCTBH). 

^pHi^B BepTHHrE BSAOxHyjTL c% oÓjerHemeiTB, Bor^a HaKonei^x 
o^yTHJCH Ha yjffli^. 

^Hfl ;^a cnycTA, $pHi^ nojiy^HJTB orb Sdr^pH^a 3HJiB6epa 
HHCBMO, B'B ROTopoiťB TOTb HpHFJianiaji^ ero na CBOii pe^eparB o 
reBpBxt FefiHe. Pe^eparB npeABasHa^a^cfl j^sa oahofo hsi pa6o- 

^OLTb C0H)80KB. ^pHI^B He HM^brB HHBaBOrO SeiaHifl BOCaOJb80BaTBCfl 

HOjyHeHHHiťL npHrjamenieiťB. OH'b crapajicfl EZ&bTR&ih cÓmsRema 
(Tb SHJbÓepoBfB H ero HHCBOJibEo ne HHTepecosa.ii tote RjiaccB 
.uoj^eft, wfl KOTOpuxt npe^HasHa^ajiCH pe(|)epaT'B. KpoM* Bcero 
dToro, OH^B HyBCTBOBajTB cjiHmsonrb MHOro jno6BH H dwiaroAapHOCTH 
vb TBopqy „Rhhth nuceni", ^to^ei OTHOCHTbCfl paBHOAyniHO b'b 
jBecBMa BOSMOSHOfi npoýanai^iH ero naMfliH. Ohx HanHcajix Shjb- 
6epy 6^aroAapcTBeHHoe hhcbmo h coo6mflJii>^ nno ne MOseTx boc- 
nojBdOBaiBCA npHrjianieHiejťB. 

Bo Bpeiifl BToro ofiirbHa oHceMi ohh BCTpinajiHCB ho^th eme- 
;iHeBHO BS BO(f>efiHofi H HSAajH pacB^raHHBajiHCb j^pypB cb ApyroMi. 
SflJiBiSepi Óojíbme He oxBasHBajicfl hoji^xoahtb bi CTOjy, sa boto- 
pHifB CEjsibji% JleM^HHB^B^ HO ero ocxpiie oasa o^enB ^acio ci 
HecBpuBaeMBix^B jiH)6ontiTCTBOM'B cjAjífljíB sa ^pHi^eMi H ero Apy- 
roiťB. ^ 

OAHasEAH, Bor^a JIeMýHHB'B no^eny-TO paHBme ymeji'B hsi BO^^efi- 
HOfi, 3HJB(5epB noAoraejTb bx ípniiy h nonpocHJi^ no3BOjreHÍfl npHcicTB 
K% ero CTOjy. 3to 6iurh BaB^B padi aohb, HasHa^eHHufi j^jih peýepaxa, 
ft 3HjiB5ep'B cTaji^B yÓisAftTB $pHiia npHATH ero nocjrymaTB. Oa-B 
HpHHflJBíCfl ci sapoMi AOBasuBaTB, noveny HMeano HeoÓxo^HMO snaso- 

MHTB HapOA'B CB JIHiepaiypOfi H HCByCCTBOlfB. BŠ^B Bl BOHI^i BOH- 

aoB^ coipaJBHBift BonpocB He ecTB TOJiBBO BonpocB xjrbósi, H ee- 
yAepjKHMoe CTpeMJieHie bx CB^ry hhsoihx-b cjroeBx oCmecxBa co- 
craBJíflerB ero cymecTBeHHMmyio qacxB. JS^ojívl HHiejiJiHreHqiH 3a- 
BJio^aeTCfl wb TOMi, iTOÓH c^í^aTB AOCTynHOfl js^Jia bcžxx sejaio- 
ni^HXi oÓJiacTB HCByccTBa. HeoCxo^HMO BHyniHTB napoiy, íto BpoM* 
6opb6ti 8a cyn^ecTBOBaflie ecxB eme lyfejaft Mip-B bbicobhx-b ^yxoB- 

HUX^B HHTepeCOB'B. 

Tom* v.— OKxaBPB, 1902. 41 u 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



638 BMTfiHirB EBPonu. 

K)pBÍň, uaireHbBÍň nejiOB^qeRi 611^1, nojiosHTejiBflo, HeHcron^Hii^b 
Bi CBoeiii RpacHopiqÍH. ^pHi]^^ EepTHHri uojifiwbEBMCň vb Ayorb 
Hafl-B ero JOBEOCTbio h CBoeň ycTynqHBOCTsio. KoHíHJiocb tíitb, «ito 
owb oóin^ajii 6uTb ea pe(j[)epaTÍ. 

Bx A^BflTOiťB qacy oh-b OTnpaBHJca b^b pecTopaH'B, r;c^ Hasea- 
qeHO Óujio co6paHÍe paÓOHHxx, He o^H^aa ocoÓenHaro j^oboíeb- 
ctbíh ot% 8Toro Be^epa. 

no cpeAHH^ Heóojbmofi KOMHaTU ctoub a^hehuS ctojii, sa 
ooTopuMi H noM^CTHJiocb OROJio TpH^i^aTH HeiíOB^Bx. Uo nepBony 
noBepxHOCTHOMy BsrjuiAy hx'b 6íuo TpyxHO npHHATb sa paCo^Hn. 
He 611JO HHqero pissaro wh hx^b MaHepaxi, HHBaBofi rpyCocTHBi 
rojiocaxx, HH^ero nBLiBHaro h rpasHaro, HH^ero lasoro, ^tí> co- 
CTaBJíflerB OTjrHqHTCJiBHyK) nepiy npojíeTapieBx. Bci ohh CTapa- 

.AHCb BHpasaTBCfl He06UBH0BeHH0 npaBHJBHO; H Vh KaSAOlTB HXl 

oiobí CKa3B[Baj[0CB ycHJieHHoe ciapaHie HaSiasaTB omHÓOBx, htoÓu 
He npocjiKiTB 3a Jiio^efi neoópasoBaHHux^B. 

3HrýpHA'B SHJiBÓepi saHfijii mícto na BepxHeiii bohi^š crojia. 
DpeAC^A&TejB co6paHÍfl npoHBHeci h'Iceo^ko BcxynHTejiBHBixi cjiobi 
H sac^A^HÍe ÓujLO OTBpuTO. Ha^ajiocb nieHie pe(|>epaTa. 

SHJiBfíep-B roBopHJix oqeHB rjia^íKO h jobeo. P4hb ero JHjacB 
HeyAepsHMUMi dotoboatb h npoHSBOAHJia npíaxHoe Bnenaijinie aa 
CjymaTejiefi, BHyinafl hm-b yB^peHHOCTB, hto opaTopx — SHaiOB^B cbo- 
ero A'^a. Bi bha*]^ BCTymeHia oh'b caasajix h^cbojbso csobi o 
TeneHiH jHTepaTypBi sa nocjitAHifl Asa ctojítía, ynoMAHyjix et- 
CKOJBBO rpoMBHXB HMes^B, vb poA% JleccHHra, Téxe, Fepxepa, sa 
T^ii^B BOCHyjcfl cjiersa HCTopÍH, a Taase h ^hjoco^íh. CjiymaTeju 
6ujíB nopa^seHLi. C% Heo6ia4ažHofi Oucipoiofi, tohho BapTHHu boj- 
meÓHaro 4>ouapa, MejiksajH h HC^esajiH nepe^x hhmh caMBia pasao- 
o6pa3HUfl npeACTaBjíeHÍfl. CjiymaTejiH cb BOdpociaiontHiťB HHte- 
pecoMi cjiijí.RjLR 3a dTHM-B ÓJtecTfl^HMB ýefiepBepsoMB, BíipaaLafl 
no BpeMeHaM'B cBoe o;^o6peHÍe HeBOJBuuMH aniuoAHCMeHTaHH h 
noA^epBHBaa SHa^HTe^BHBíHH yj[u6BaMH CBoe nojHoe noHEManie. 

^pHECB EepTHHrB, AJifl BOToparo pe4)epaT'B cani no ce&k ne 
npeACTaBjflJii HHqero oco6eHHO HHxepecHaro^ pascnaxpHBaji^B ciy- 
maxejiefi. Ohi bea^jvl BOBpyrB ce6fl bhojih^ HHxaoBreHXHiia jHi^a, 
CB BBipaďLeHÍeMi ycnjennaro BHHMaHia, cb oxneqaxBOM'B xaepxoB 
B0.1H. Hh Ha o;^HOMi h3'b axnxi jihh% oh^b ne bha-j^jii CByBH hih 
nepeyxoMJieHifl. 3xo ne 6hjih paBHo;tyniHue oxx opecHmema jioah, — 

H^rB, BCi AO OAHOrO OHH HCnUXBIBaJlH 3A0p0BBlfi rOJ[OA'B, — HXB xo- 

MHJio JiH)6onBixcxBO, BT> jiy^HieMi sHaqeHÍH dxoro cjiOBa. 

3Mr^pHAB SHJbCepx 6ua% coa^an-B a^h hhx-b. Obb nepecunasi 
CBofi pe({)epax'B BceBOSMOJUHKiMH cpaBHeHÍflMH^ noA^epBHBaHÍaMH H 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



niATKIfl OOHOBU. , 639 

aHesAOTaMHy h c^y]i'&ii CA^axB ^Hcro-jHiepaTypEyio leny Aocxyn- 

ROK) AftSe J^B HenOCBflII^eHHUX'B. D^HTaTBI, CTHXHy OTpEIBBH npOSBI, 

Bce 9T0 nouepsHBajTO HHTepecx ciymaTejefi h Mimajo hicb 
yroiuflT&cfl. 

^pB^b ne Morb yAepxaTEca otb yjiHÓBH, bhaa, cx BaBOli cm^- 
JOCTBH) SHjbOep^B o5paa^&icfl a* itaTepiajOHi, htoÓu e&kl mosho 
tfojribe saxBaTHTb cjiymaxejiefi cbohmi AOBjaAOiťB. Ohi pascMaipn- 
B&ii^ FeHpHxa FeliHe rjiaBHUMx o6pa80M'b BaBi aBTopa „3HMHeft 
cxBSBM*^ H „ÁTTaTpoiJb^, H noHTH He ynoMHH&ix 06% ero „EHHri^ 
iAceBi>*^ H „HoBsrb nšcHflX'B". Ohi BHCTaBHJi FefiHe My^eHHBOic^b 
flxeH, TepnŠBHiHHi roHeHia sa cboh y5^SAeHÍfl ovh wbueufSMXi> 
rocyAapefiy AyxoBeHCTBa h dypsyasÍH h bohhhbhirmi shshb bx Esrna- 
Hia. Ohi HSoGpasHJii FeňHe Hapo^^HUM^B BOxjsfiui», Bu^^aiontHMCfl 
nojHTHHecBHiťB jíjbňTejiewh h CTpacTHBiirb Óopi^OHi sa CBo6o;(y 
MHCJiH. Pe^eparb ne hpohsboahjii) ^^ajBniHBaro BneHaiJE^niH, no- 
TOMy ^TO caiTB 3Hr<{)pHA^ 3Hj[B6epx cjAno bí^phítb bi BejiHqie 
FefiHe. Jl^jfl Hero ohi Óuji npes^e Bcero HecpaBHeHHUH^B Bupa- 
SHTeieiťB ero coficTBeHHux^B HyscTFB H CTpaji(aHÍfi. 

HHBorAa en^e SHJLdep^B ne npoHSBOAHj^B xaBoro CHJiBHaro Bne- 
qar^Hifl na ^pni^a, BaBi bi sxoxi nelepí, sor^a ohi roBopnii 
nepeA'B coÓpaHÍeMi H^Mei^uixx paConerB. 



X. 

^pHi]^^ BepxHHrb Bce en^e paóox&i^b na^x cbohm'b poManoH^B 
€'B HanpflsenieiťB Belxi cbohx'b AyxoBHuxi h ^HSHqecBHx-^CHJX. 
Bce, HTi> He HM'&io oxHomeHÍfl kl ero sHHri, noxepajo jí,jiíl Hero 
(iHTepeeB, h ero Óoji^neHno pas^pa^Bajio BCflBoe nenysnoe Bxop- 
xeHÍe BH']kmHflro MÍpa. MajiMmiS mym, KaBoe-HH5yAB rpoMBoe 
caoBOy HenpiflXHiifi sanaxx wh BBapxHpi hjih 3ByB'B, AOJiexiBmifi ch 
yjHi^u, Bcero axoro 6ujio coBepmenno Aocxaxoqno, moóu BUBecxH 
ero H3X AynieBHaro paBHOB^cifl. Cjiy^ajiocB, hxo EaBOfi-HHÓy^B ne- 
BHaHHxejiBHiiB Bonpoci npepiiBajii xe^ienie ero Hucjiefi h JHmaix 
ero HaAOJUX) cnoco6HOCXH npoAOJisaxB pa6oxy. 

Ajibmš npHXOAHJOCB nepesHBaxB xaaLejoe BpeMfl. Ona He co- 
BciiTB flCHO HOHHifajia AyHieBHoe Hacxpoenie ^pei^a, ho BEjiikjie^ 
esexHeBHO h ejsenacHO ero HenopnaiBnoe cocxoflHÍe. PšabíK a^hb 
apoxo^HiTB Óes^B xoro, hxoóbi ona ne sajHBajiacB cjiesaiiH oxx Ba* 
B0fi-HH5yxB ero p^BOfi h HecnpaBeAJHBod bbixoabh. 

Ofla piniHJia, hxo ohi éojieni, h cxapaiacB noMO^ eiiy, Baax 
Bor^a-xo noMorjia eny bi BepjiBEÍ nepenecxH xamejiufi »H3HeH- 

41* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



640 BftCTHHK'b EBPOnU. 

BUŘ yAap'B. EK saxorijiocB OBpysHTb ero CBoeii jK)6oBbio, sacTa- 
BHTB nosaCiiTb Bce My^HTejibHoe h xflsejioe. Oea ciajfa k'b Eeuj 
eme 6oj[ie BHHMaxejibHofi h ^'£sHOfi, ho b'b ^pni^^, bi ero na- 
CTpoeHÍH, eA noBe^eoie BusuBajio saRoe-xo CpesrjHBoe qyfiCTBO w 
npoHSBOAHJio Bne?aTJi'£HÍe 6e83acr6HqHBofi HaBHsqHBOCTH. 

EMy saaajiocB, qio oh'b cjíM^t^ ÓojbmyH) oniHÓKy, coŘpjňCh Cb 
AjiBMofi. Ohi cwxajii ceóa JiHnieHH£iH'B cboÓoabi h CBflsaHHBiiťB na 
pynaMi h no HoraMi. Ohi ne Óujrb senaTEiMi qaiOB^KOMx, ho 
eMy ^pHxoí^HJIOCB necTH na ce6i bch) TflatecTB, bc4 ney^ofíCTBa 
ceMefiHofi SH3HH. BtAB RaniAKifi) xoTfl 6u A^se h HesaBOHHHfi 
coioB^B HajiaraeTi Tfl»ejiufl i^^hh, nas^afl canan iiHMOJieTHafl cbasb 
ocraBJíHerB cjrbjí,i> b^b Ayni'6 h fb BocnoMHHaHÍflx^B, a ÚJimocTh xa- 
Kofi »eHn^HHu, Basi AjiBMa JlyBcrB, HecoMH'lHHO Morja nOBjriflXB na 

I^yK) 2SH8HB. 

H ^ase ecJiH to, ^tó b% ^anHyio MHHyxy npHBflsuBajio ero bs 
Ajibm^, 6eijo fiojiBme Bcero npHBUWofi, to h ona yse jiHmajia ero 
CB060AH. CjiHniBOMi MHoro snajTH ohh Apyra o ;ipyrfc, ítoCh €0- 
snaBaTB ceón cboÓoahumh. Ea npHBHaHia, en noBasHaa jih)6obb, ea 

CHHCXOAHTeJBHOCTB — BCO STO 6£IJIH TO^IBBO q^HH. AjlBlia He 6EIja 

npoAaiBHofi A^BymBOň, h ohi He Mon A^HBraMH pacnjaTHTBCfl es 
HOK). OTBasaTB efi, BaB'B yse neHyaLHOfi npHCJiyri, ohx Toxe ne 

MOrB. 

Oh^b cosHaBajii, hto cb BasAUM'B AHen-B ona sanHMaerB Bce 
6ojihme H fíojbffle M^cTa b-b eró »h3hh. 9to ero TpeBO»HJio; ero 
nyraji^ bosmojbhoctb xeHHTBca na Ajibmí. H 6e3x xeHHTB6u ohi> yse 
AOCTaTO^HO TflroTHJca B3ATBIMH Hd ce6fl o6H3aTejiBCTBaMH. Obi npe- 
BpacH^i BHajii; HTO AjbMa HHBOFAa HO TpedoBajra h HHBorAa He 
HOTpeóyoTi, nTOÓni oh'b sohhjca na hoS. Pa3AyMBiBafl naA^B cbohitb 
nojioseHÍeMi, ohx hphxoahji-b b-b TOMy saBJíioHeHiío, ^to am nero, 
Bi cyn^HOCTH roBopa, h ne hm^jio CMUcja — soHHTBCfl. TaBaa sen- 
ni^HHa, KSLKTi AjiBMa, He nysAB^^CB bs crlcHHTeJiBHBixi y3ax'B ópasa. 
Ohx B^pHJi-B Bx ea qecTHOCTb h qHCTOTy, h ne ÓOflJica h3m4hu (tb 

efl CTOpOHBI. 

Bi HX^B nojiomeHÍH, OTJiHqaBmeMca oťb 6paBa to^ibbo rbwhj 
HTO oho ne 6ujío o^opMJieHO, óujie cboh reMHUA CTopoHu. ^pnq^B 
qacTo 3aMÍqaji'B, hto ospyxaioníie othocatca cb HeAOCTaToqnmrB 
yBaxeHÍeMii bi Heny h b^b Ajibmš. RorAa oh^b, BCBop-i no npí']^x^, 
ABHJicfl co CBOHMH 6yMaraMH Bi noJiHiiiio, qHHOBHHB'B cnpocHJCB ero 
o nacnopT* „ropHHqnofi" h upoSopMOTa^x hto-to neflCHoe no no- 
BOAy „HeaaBOHHaro co»nTejiBCTBa". ^hhobhhbx ooAaTHux-B c6o- 
poBx, HeA^jH) cnycTfl nociTHBraifi $pHiía, ^toĎei ocb^aomhtbch na- 
cqexx ero cpeACXB-B b-b cymecxBOBaHÍio, OBasaica úojvbe ynxHBBUťB, 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



mATKIfl OCflOBU. 641 

^0 Bce-TaRH ne mopb yAepaaTbCff, hto6u ne HaxMypHTtca h ne 
noBaqaxb aobojbho SHa^HiejiEHO pojioboh). IlHcaTejis, ee HM^ioiuífi 
onpeA'&3eHBaro 3apa6oTBa, h Marasii^Hafl fiapumefl Óeai M-bcia ao- 
Basa^HCb eny bT) Bucineffi cxeaeHH noACdpRTejisHEiMH. Ohi úujíTí 
Toro mhíhía, ito 9Ta coMHMTe^bHafl napo^iKa Hyatj^aeTca bx dojih- 
xj^eScBOM^ Ha^sop^. IIo CBoeMy poa^Aesiio h no oÓpasoBaHÍH) ^pHi^^E 
upHBBiKx Bi CBOÓOA^ H HesaBHCHMOCTH, H no^oÓHOc HenpHBuqHoe 
OTHomeHÍe npoHSBeio sa nero noAaBJíaioiD^ee Bne?aTii'lHÍe. 

Ho eme HeupiHTflie 6hjio bhhochte nocxoHHHoe jio6onuTCTBo 
co CTopoHu oKpyaaromHxx, jiaBOíHHEOB^, npHCJiyrH, paÓoqHxt — 

0;^HHM•B CJOBOMl, CO CTOpOHH TŠXT), CB K^Mt npHXOAHJIOCb BCTpi- 

^aTBCfl e^ejí,neBEO. Yjs^k 6u hh noHBjfljHct ^pnci-B cb Ajibmoíí, hx-b 
noBcioAy BCTp']^qajrH yj[u6RaMn, ea hhxi* nocTOAHHO o6opa?HBajHCB. 
3to Aa»e 6Lrjia hc rpyCocxb, a npocTO KaKoe-TO nojHoe oTcyTCiBie 
BCflKOtt AejHKaTHOCTH H yBajKeHÍfl. $pHi^'B KaK-B-TO nojy^HJďB ano- 
HHMHoe nHCBMO HeopHJiHqHaro C0Aep»iaHÍfl cb BappHBaTypaMH na eero 
H Ha AjiBMy. Oto Bcero axoro ^pumi* CTpaAaJi'B ropas^o 6ojAe 
AďBMu. MHByTaiiB OHI qyBCTB0Baji'B ceófl cobcImi pas^^aaieHHHicB 

H yHHXeHHBIlfB. 

Jl,py»6a eB xosafiRoil cxa^a npHHHMaiB Tose aoboíibho ne- 
npiflTHufi 0TTÍH0B'B. F-sa KiHonejiB npHHaj^emajia bx t'6m'b jik)- 
;i(flM%, KOTopHMx ecjíH npoTHHyxB ^aJIe^'B, xo ohh saxBaxflxx h 
i^yK) pyBy. $pHi^x cxapajica A6psaxBCfl otl nea BaB'B mojsho 
;^aJIB^Ie, ho 6e3ycníniH0. Hay^eHie npaBOBi npn homoh^h r-aa 
KjHnneab oÓxoahjiocb eny ne AenieBO. 

Oh'b HHCROJibBO ne C0MH']kBaj[Cfly Hxo r-aca KiRnaejiB^ nepeMBi- 
BaBoiaH nepeA^B hhm'b rpasnoe 6&iBe i^šjaro BBapxajia, ne oco- 
6eEE0 crbcHflexcfl oxHOCHxe^iBHo ero h Ajibmei. BecBMa bosmosho, 
TTO HacifJ^mjiHBoe jiotionBixcxBO h npespHxejiBHoe oxnoaieHÍe OBpy- 
xaiontHxi Óujio BBisBano HMenno efl DeB']&poflXHBiMH cnjexHHMH. 
BojLBmoro xpy^a cxohjo $pHi^y yAepaaxBCfl, ^xo6u ne cxnaxHXB 
sa ropjio dxy oco6y, Bor^a ona BpuBajiacB bi neMy ctb i^umi 
sajQOiťB BceB03M0SHiix'B HOBOcxefi. Jífi^e BpK)qoB'B na ABepflxi ne 
Bcer^a ocxanaBJíHBajii r-sy KjiHnnejB. $pHi^a óesnoBOHJO h xo 
oócxoflxeJiBCXBO, ^TO sa nocjiiAHee BpeMB AjiBíia Basi Óy^xo efne 
ÓOJiBme coniiracB cb xosflftBoB. ÝpHqx qacxo ne oÓ^am-b Aona, h 
ona B'B dXH AHH o6uBHOBeHHO o&kASLJia, y xosfleBi. Eli BasajiocB 
9X0 yAofiHHiTB, noxony qxo oxHHMajo MeHBoie BpeMeHH h efi ne 
HysHO 6ujio OA']^BaxBCfl, <ixo6ii haxh sa oÓ^aomi. 

OAHaBO 9xa HesBaTHxejBHaH ycjiyra o6oniJiacB, b'b BOHit*! boh- 
i^OBi, AObojibho Aoporo. F-ma K^HnnejiB npeACxaBHJia ^pniiy neBOS- 
MOsuBiň CHeni sa coAepxanie Ajibmu. 



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642 MOTHHR'B EBPOim. 

$pHi(i ynjiaTHJi^B no c^ery, ho ae yjepsajicfl, hto6£i ne bh- 
pasHTb CBoero y^HMeHÍfl OTHOCHiejbHO nocTa&ieHHKrx^b i^íhi. F-sa 
KjHnnejB eospasHJia eMy, hto oea 6epeTB en^e o^iesB xemeBO, 
ecjTH npHHflTB fio BHHMaHÍe Bci HeyAo6cTBa H HenpiflTHOCTH on 

JBHJELI^OB^, npO ROTOpUX'B 6oJITaH)rB CIHinROlfB MHOrO JHinHflrO. 

$pHcrB npocHJTB ee saMOJHaTB, ho ona ne yHHMajiacb. T-sA Ejmd- 
nejib Óiuo AOCxaTO^HO otrputb Bjanaai, ítoÓs oĎ^aTb B(r6x% no- 

TORaMH rpflSHOfi BOAH. 

F-sa KiHnnejiB npHHHjacs ycHjieHHO yB^paTB ^pHi^a, hto ona 
BnojH^ nopffAO^Haa seHm^HHa h CHHTaerB BiBucmeB CTenenn He- 

npHJ[HqHlIMl> BOAHTB Sa HOCTB Cpasy AByXl MyďSHHH^B. O, dToro ci 

neft HHRor^a ne cjyqajocs! Hobotb euE r-HX BepTHHrB B^pers, 
?T0 6apBiniHfl JlyscB boahtb snaBOMCTBO tojbbo cb eewl OAHHirb^ 
to ohx aecTOKO oranCaeTCfl. 

AjibMa CHA^a Bi STO BpeMfl B'b cod^Hefi KOHHaTi H ciEnnaia 
BOCB pasroBopi. Ona Bfi&Kajia bca ÚjAjsjělm on Hero^OBania h ch 
coBepmeHHO necBOficTBeaHiíMi efi HeHCTOBCTBOMx H&ieT^a na 
cnJOTHHi^y. Ta ne ycTynajra, h o6^ asenn^Hu ^yTB ne Bq^nejHCB 
Apyrb Bi Apyrft- ^pni^y npHmjiocb hxi ho^th pasHHMaTs. 

Oh^b yBOJii AjBHy b^b cboS BaÓBnerB, sanepi xBopB h bca- 
qecBH CTapaicfl ee ycnoBOHTB. HaBOHei^ ea BOJiHenie paspasHLioes 
i^HifB noTOBOMi cjiesi. $pHi^'B yT^maJTB ee, yB^pan, hto ne b%- 
pnrB HH e;^HHOMy CJiOBy r-SH RjiHnnejiB. 

Ona 6pocHjacB eicy Ha meio h mennyia eny na yxo, qro 
AOJiacna eny boo-hto CBasaTB. 

^pni^i B8AporHyji'B. Ohi noAyMaJTb, hto ona cofiapaeTca eiiy 
CBasaTB; HTO 6yAerB naTopbio. O^na mbicsb o TOM^b, hto hx'b cbasb 
MosoTi HMŠTb TaBÍa nocjt^ACTBÍfl, npHBOAHJia ero b^b ysacB. Oh*b 
noiyscTBOBaji^ ÓoJbmoe o6jierqeHÍe, Korw oBasajocb, tto óh'b 
omH6cfl. 

AjibMa npH3Hajracb eMy, hto sa nocď'6AHee npeiia efi CJryqRjocb 
pasa ABa noroBopHTb ci o^hhmi ns^b cbohx^b cTapuxi sHaBOnnxs. 
dTO 6ujvh TOTb caMuli qejiOB'ÍB'b, BOTopufl TaB^b npHCTajbHO pas- 
CMaTpHBaii ee bi „Fopo^i Hapesi*'. depeši Aenb ona BCTpŠTHJUiCb 
cb HHM'B na yjHi^, h BaBx-TO, BorAa ^pni^a ne 6ujio Aona, ohi 
samejii B'b neS na KsapTHpy. OH'b ocTaB&ica o^enb hoaojfo h oea 
Morja noBJíacTbca sckwh na cb^t]&, ^to nesAy hhitb h eio ho 
6uJio poBHO HHqero Aypnoro. Ona BOHHHja h, ne OTpiiBaflCb, rjut- 
saMH, nojHbíMH CTpaxa, cMorpija na CBoero BosjfofijeHnaro. Oea 
6oajiacb ero rH'lBa, ho ^pHi^i ne Basaicfl A&se oco5eHHO bsboj- 
HOBannuM^b h aobojibho cnoRofino cnpocHJii ee, RaRi a^bho sHaerb 
ona 3Toro ^eJiOBÍRa. 



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niATRIH OCHOBU. 643 

Oea OTBibToia, ^to seaia JTioABHra FjiioKa en^e Tor^a, Bor^a 
^BO^sofi xOAiiia vh mBOjy. HrL poAHTesH shjh bi o^j^homi aomí. 
J[K>xBHrb ÓHJTB DiTyBaTypoMi. VlxT> Apysóa Hanaiacb cx Toro, hto 
owh efi MacTepoTB qTO-HH0yib hsi A^peBa, rjHHu luni Kapiosa. 
Owh dTO x&iu^ o^eHB HCRycHO, Tas'B Ras^ 6iiJn> wh cBoewb po^i 
HacTOflQHiťb xyAOSHHKOiTB. IIosAH^e, RorjKa OHa yse KOHHHJia 
y^eHEe, oh% mhofo pasi HaMeBajrB, hto .hoÓbte ee, npocHJii buBth 
sa Hero sanysi, ho ona HHsasx ne Mor^a corjacHTBCfl npHHHTb 
ero npe^JoseHÍe, HecMorpa oa to, tto Bct eA ójmsjáe oneab »e- 
jia.iH aroro. Aioxsnrh o^chb cxpa^ajTL otb efl OTsasa h yman hsx 

XOMy. HOTOITB OfiCTOflTOJIBCTBa CJIOSHJHCb TaR'B, HTO eft H caMoB 

npHnuocb yfiTH hsi ceMbH. Oea y^x&ia wb BepjniHi. 

Bi> dTOiťb roAy ona bi nepsufi pasi nocji']^ pasjyBH bctp^th- 
jacb cfc JlK>ABHroirB. Ohx pascBasaj^ efi, hto eny shjocb ho oco- 
6eHH0 xopomo. BojtsHB coBcbwb HSBaia ero. Hšcroíibbo ifica- 
i^eBi eny npHmjiocB apojiesaib bi Óojibhhk^, h TenepB ohi ecksjl^b 
pa6oTii. 

$pHi^ cnpocEs^B, Hé nHcasi^ jh efi JIioABHrb Fjiobi BaBHX'B- 
HHÓyxB iiHceifb. AiBiia OTB^THJia se cpasy. Uocjrb H^BOToparo moji- 
qamii oea CBasajia, qxo oaho BpeMfl oh'b aobojibho nacTO nHcaii 
efi. ^HTafl ero nHCBMa, ona qacTO ciiifljiacB na^i rjynuMH Hy»- 
qHHajfH. Gtohjo TepflXB Bpena, npHCTaBaa bi A^BymBt, BOTopaa 
ero SBaTB ne xoqerb! Oea h oxBŠTHJia eny tojbbo aja tofo, wto6u 

nOCOBÍ^TOBaTB BHÓpOCHTB H8'B FOJOBU BCH) 9Ty AypB. 

^pEUh cnpocHXB, coxpaHiua jh oea nHCBua. Oáa ohatb sa- 
MuacB H nporoBopHia, ^to ta^-to y Hea B&iflioTCfl BaBÍfl-TO ABa 
necLMa. Oea yMOJiflja $pHi](a ne HHTaxB hx'b. Ohh Ceijh TaBÍa se 

CM^mHUfl, BaKB H CaiTB JIlOABHrB rj[K)B'B. 

^pHipB noAyiiarB, hto necBiia MoryrB OBasaiBca o^eHB hhto- 

peCHIIMH, H OH'B HaCTaHBaJTB Ha TOITB, HTOÓU npO^OCTB HXl. AjBMa 

HasoHepi pí^niHjacB h nonua hxx OTucBHBaTB. dxiix^B nHcem na- 
6pajiacB JsíuiMj aobojibho oÓrBeMHcraA na^Ba. 

$pHqi HamejTB bi hhtb mhofo laBOFO, hofo ne nanua hjh, 
B^pH^e, vh HeiTB ne xorkia npHSHaTBCfl AjBMa. IIpesA^ BceFO 
eny 6pocaiocB wh Fjasa Hacroan^ee h TJtjÓozoe crpaAaHÍe. To, ^t6 
AjvBMa easuBaia „c]iiinHiiM'B'', Úujlo ho ?t5 HHoe, BaBi My^emA h 
TOCBa HepasA^eHHOfi ih)6bh. Bo bcíxi nHCBMax% ho 6ujío hh 
OAHoft ^aiBíHHBofi CTpOHBH, HB OAHOFO npHAyMaoHaFO cJOBa. Bce 
vb HHXi AO noci^AHefi ÓyBBu 0buo nacToan^efi npaBAOfi. H^Iboto- 
piifl crpaHHipi AuinaiH noasiefi. JlH)6oBb BusiiBajia Bce BOJiHBoe h 

CHJBHOe B81» H^AP'B AyBIH qeJOB^Ba, H BCe 8T0 OHX CJOXHJIl IVb HO- 
FaifB lIOÓHMOfi seemHHBT. 



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644 BftOTHHKl EBPOIQI. 

AjBiia CB 6e3noROfiCTBOHi cjiijíflňa, sa BiipasenieirL jium 
^pHi^a. Oh'b HETSuvb, H HO M^p^ TOFO, KaK-L «iHTajii, 3aHHTepeco- 
BUBajiCH Bce 6oAhmé h 6ojBine. ^jia nero sth nHCbua 6hih npe- 
spacHKMH BupasHxejiflMH CHJiBHaro ^yBCTBa. HtKOTopuMH Bupase- 
HÍflMH ou^B nacjiasAaiCfl BaK'B xyAOSHHBi. RsaroAapfl QTBWb jiosy- 
MeHTaMi, OTBomeHÍfl AByxi jno^eti npeACTaBJuuHCB eiiy Heo6Bi9afiH0 

flCHO. OhX TOJBBO HeCOBC^JťB DOHHHaJIl, nO^eMy HMeHHO AABlia 

OTBeprjia qejQBŠsa, JiiotfHBmaro ee xas^B ropa^o h npe^aHHO. 

Om> cotípaii HHCBMa h, Bp-ioBO npHa&aBi b^b ceói ;^BymBy, 
cnpocHJii caifBíMi jiacBOBuiťB rojiocoMiD, »aaafl OTorsaiB otb nea 
BCBByio T^HB 6oh3Hh: 

— Stot^ F-aiorB npe^cTaBJífleTCfl mh4 oneHB xopomHMx ^eio- 
B^BOifB. Mh^ xotIjeocb 6bi seaiB^ noveny tbi He xoTŠJia bhAth 
sa eero sanysi? 

Ho BMÍCTO BCflBaro OTB^Ta AjiBMa npHHfljiacB njiasaTB. Ona 
He nouHMajia, saB^B dTO ^pni^y Morja bphath b'b roJiOBy mhcjb, 
^TO y Hen Mon 6utb BaBofi-TO ApyroS Mysi. Ea cJOBa npepusa- 
^HCB BcxjiHnuBaHÍflMH, HO OHa Bce-TasH npoAOJaukJia roBopHTB. Oea 
yB^pfljia, HTO, BpoMt sajocTH, JltoABHrB Fjiiob^b HHBorAa ne bbibh- 
BajE^ wb HeS poBHO HH^ero. 

— 3TorB lejiOBÍB^B, npocTO, Moe nec^acTBe! — BcspHHajia 
OHa bhí ce6a. — ň Tmi> xorijia, htoůu Bce ďbuo ooBoe^eHO 
HaBoneii^ Mes^y mhoh) h hmi. S, necajia eMy asi BepjHHa, 
HTO JiiofijMO APyroro, 9to ony ne na íto ÓOJBine BajtiaiBCH, 

HTO OHX, BaSX HeCTBBift ^eJIOB^BIi, ;iOJiaceH'B OCTaBHTB MeHfl Vb 

noBoi. ň Aynajia, hto oh'b naBOHeicB ycnoBOETCfl. Ho, botb, 
OHI OHflTB 3a^cb! He noHHiiaiD, HTO eny ot^ moha nysHO. Hh- 
Bor^a H He no^aBaja eiiy BHBaBOfi Ha^es^n. Enie He^WBHO a 
npflMO eny bx jihi^o CBasaja, ^to oh^b mh'6 npoTHBevB. O, xotb 6u 
ByAa-HHÓyAB crHHyji'B stoitb ysacHBifi ^ojíob^b^b! Ymb a 6k) ero 
ne noautJi']^a! Si npocTO HcnyrajacB, Bor^a (mrb ycTaBosea na mbea 
Tor^a Bi „TopoA*]^ Uapnxb^. ÍL ne Morjia rjaai coMBHyxB i^šjyio 
HO^. ň Bce AyMajra, 4>pHi^, hto tei qT0-HH6yAB noxoq^BaeniB. 
A Bor^a OHI ^bhjicb cio^a bo ubí, bocb oóoApaHHufi h en^e Óojvbe 
noxyA'ÍBaiifi, a noAyMa.ia, hto axo Bsixo^ei^^ cb xoro CB^&xa. Obi 
Bcer^a cxpameo nyrajii neHa. H tojtbbo noxyMaxB, hto a Morja 
(TB TaBHMi... H Bi oco6eBHOCTH uocjii TOFO, BaBi fl ysHaja TeCa! 
B^AB OBI coBC^H'B Apyroti, ^iMl> tu, cobcími Aa-se h ho noxosi 
na Tefifl. TaBoro Apyroro, BaBi th, bo Bcewh cb4t4 bítb! 

Ona Bp^HBO oÓHflja $piii;a h qyxB ne saAynuua ero cbohmh 

CTpaCTHUMH nOIX']&JiyflMH. 



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mATBIfl OCHOBU. 645 



XI. 



BcK> SHMy ^pHi^ii BepTHHFB TaK'b ycepj^HO pa<5oTai'B na^i cbo- 

JBĚTb pOKaHOlťB, HTO KT> UdLCXé J HCrO OÓpaSOBa^aCb AOBOJIbHO 

oÓieHHcrafl pyBonHCb. HaimcaB^b dooje^abiok) ^pasy noori^AHefi 
rjíaBEi, OH^b OTjiosHJii Bi CTopoHy nepo h B3A0XHyj'B ch oÓJierTO- 
Hiem; ho OH'b otjthhho SHaii, tto ero pa6oTa en^e js^BJíeno ee 
osoEraeHa. Ohi Me;^eHHO nepeqejix Bce cb Hanajia, CTapaacb otho- 
CHTbCfl s% CBoeMy poMany KpHTHHecBH, KAJffh Bi npoH3Be;teHÍK) Apy- 
roro. Ero o»HAaiiH neosHAaHHOCTH h pasoHapoBamn. Ct^eHti, orb 
BOTqpiix'b OHI mjLM% iiHOraro n BOTopiifl oHcajrb cb 6ojibmHM'b 
BOOxymeBJíeHieMi, oBasajEHCb cjiaÓbuiH, a Apyrifl, hohth 3a6£iTUfl 
HiťB, nopasBJíH ero CBoeio CHJiofi. Mfloroe na^o 6ujio nepeM^bHHTb, 
CTjaAHTb, ycHjHTb, coBpaTHTb. Owh nepex&iiiBajrb h nepenncHBajrb 
Mfi Tbx% nopi^, oosa ne no^yBCTBOBaJTs, ?to 6ojibnie HH^ero 0^*6- 
jaxb He Mo^serb. OciajHCb TUibBO cjiehiromi CBofiCTBeHHiie eny 
BeAOCTaTRH h ohihÓbh; ot^ hhxi esfiaBHTbCfl owh ne 6uj['b B'b Co* 
eroBHÍHy H 6esT> BHX'b DpOBSBO^eHÍe nosajyíí yxpaTHJio 6u CBoe- 
oÓpasHiifl xapaKTopi. On^b eaBflsajťb pyRonncb h OTHeci ee bi 
HSAaTejK). Befic6.iefixep'b, ^aBHO ea AO^HAaBiniKcfl, oÓiabrii, ^to 
TOOTacb ase opHCTynHT-b ei ne^aiaHiio. Cji4;i;oBaio Toponnibcn, 
HTOÓa BHHTa 6iija roTOBa, no spaňnett M^p^, E'b jiŠTHeMy cesony 
Kyímaifi h nyTemecTBÍfi. 

OrxaBi CBoe opoHSBej^eBÍe, ^pHi^b HcnuTajrb TaBoe ^yBCXBO, 
BaB'b 6yAT0 pa3CTajicfl cb BO&nofijeHHofi. ^HBHb BApypb noBasajacb 
6^iS!bjB>noŘ H nycToft. O hobomi npoHSBexeHÍH Heqero 6ujio h ^y- 
MaTb. HaAO 6bLao OTAOxnyTb, h ohi pimuji-b bx Tepeme e^cBOjrb- 
XBXX uexbjíh HH^ero ne jíjbjíeLTh h tojbbo naÓJiOAaTb OBpysaionKyH) 
sBSHb. Owb crajix xoxeib bi xeaTpx, Cb yAOBOJibCTBieifb HBy^afl 
ny&iHBy, cocTOflBmyH) rjiaBHuifb o6pa80Arb h8i» a^mi. Kas^aff hsx 
HHxrb yBjieBaJEa(^ saBHM^b-HHfiyAb aBrepoarb, npHHeM'b HCByccTBO 
xaJieso ne Bcer^a arpajio rjiaBHyio pojb bi axoM^b paeqeHÍH. 

Bo Bcb OTH TaftHu nocBflTHjTb ^pHi^a 3Hr4)pHA'b 3aib6epi. Orb 
Hero se BepTHHPb ysnarb, ^to, no obohuhíh cneBTaBJfl, ese^HOBHO 
y Teaxp&ibHaro noj^iid^a, npeAHasHaqenHaro js^Jis aBTepoBX, npo- 
Hcxoj^iia en^e AonojiHHTejibHafl H)iíopHCTHHecRaH CKena. Binodien- 

BHfl JSfiMU OBpysaiH CBOHX'b ByHHpOBl, OCUnafl HXl I^B^TaHH, HO- 
XapBaMH, HOSHMaH Hlfb pyBH H JWBie TSJ^JIJB HXl. 

CaMHMT BpaCHBUM^ HSl aSTepOBl, HCnOJHflBHIHMl 06lIBH0BeHH0 

repoBqecBÍfl pojiH, 6uji% Basb^eHapi FecioRb. Ohi oója^aj^b npe- 

BpaCHOfi BH^niHOCTbH), CTpOitHOfl, MyCByJIHCTOfi (|)HrypOfi H O^OHb 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



646 nCTBsneb ebpoidi. 

npiflTHHifB rojiocoiťBy E(y Bcer^a oqeHB njoxo yqHJTb cboh pojiH h 
en^e xyse nepeAaB&ax hx^b. Jíft, eMy aioro 6hjo h ne HysHO. 
Ctohjio eny tojbko Ha^^TB xpaBO h BpacHBufi manii, saroBopHTB 

CBOHMX OfiaflTeiBHHM^B FOJOCOITB, ÓpOCHTB Ha nyÓJIHBy TOMHUfi 

BsrjflA^B H cA^jiaTB naTeTH^ecRÍfi ze(rrB, — h ero ycnixi^ 6ujn> otfes- 
ne^esi. Eouh hma BajiBAeMapa FeciOBa crooio na a^Hm^^ to 
saccHpi SHajii, hto bc% ÓoseiLi ÓyxyTi pasoCpaHti. 

Bi o^^HHx npespacHEiifi Benepx, nocjii npeACTaBienúiy ^Phitb 
BepTHHPB nomejTB bb asrepcBOMy noAB^xy> hto6ii hocmotpítb he 
OBa^ÍH. nyfijHsa cioflja bb Asa pflxa^ ocraBHBB po cepexHHŠ cbo- 
6oABuŘ npoxoAB. Bci Bsopti 6uJDii ycxpeMJieHH na icaJieHBByH) sa- 
nepxyK) xsepB. CHa^aia hsi nea noABfuiocB hícbojbbo seHCSETB 
^Hrypx; oh% HC^esjH Hesaiii^eHHtnfH. Dotoitb noflBoicfl CTapiifi toi- 

CTStt BOMHBB H B&BJEHBO paCBJaHflJICfl, HO HHBTO BO npOTflHyJTB 

eiiy pysH. HaBonei^y BumeiB h repofi xha. Jl^aiíii TOinacB se 
OBpysHJH evOj crapaflCB no^ofiiH saBB mosho 6j[Hse bb CBoeny 
BynHpy. BajBAeMapB cb CHHCxoxHrejiBHOfi yjH($BOfi BHCJiyiniiBaj^B h 
npHHHMaiB Bcb BtipaseHÍfl Bocropra. CABHHysB HeicHoro na 6obb 
MflrByK) ^[^erpoByio mjiflny h npHxepsHBafl pyBOH) HasHnyTtiS ea 
nje^H DJianiB, oh^b noBopa^HBajcfl to bb o^^hoB^ to b^b xpyrofi xaiii, 
HO BApyrB ocxaHOBHJicfl H nporoBopHJiB: 

— HosBOJBTe, mesdames, nponycTHre! 

TaBB BaBB dTH cJiOBa He npoHSBeiH sejaeiiaro x^fiCTBifl^ to 

OHB AOBOJBHO dHepFHqHO OTCTpaHHJTB CBOHXl nOBJOBHHpB H, BBAxA 

H8B TOJimi, ocTaHOBHJicfl nepo^B MOJo;^ofi ^BymBOfi b^b noAÓHToft 
míxomb eslkbjuA, cb ÓjecTflipHMB mojiBOBiDrB map^OMi na mei. 
Oea CTOflja vh CTopoH'b otb xpyrnxB h ea see na^a^^B apsifi 
CB'brB jaMnu. FeciOB^B chajib nepexB seio nuifloy, noxajiB efi pyBy 
H y HHXB Ha^ajcfl osHBJíeHHiifi pasroBopB. Fjasa bc^tb xaiiB 

POBHHBO H CB SaBHCTBK) yCTpeMHJlHCB Ha CiaCTJHByH) HSfipaHHHDiyy 

npeAno^Tennyio hmb bcImb. En^e pasB, yse ea npon^aHBe, chaib 
BaJbAOMapi nepeAB A^ByniBOfi nunny, HarHyjCfl h nou^osaji e& 
pyBy, a oea xobojibho HetfpesHO BHBsyjia eny roJiOBOft. ^pHi^B 
DpHCxajBHO nocHOTpšjB Ha HOSHaBOMBy vb Ty MHHyTy^ BaBi oea 
ooAHflJia rojiOBy, pasroBapHBaa cb aBTepoMB, BOTopiifi 6uji% Binne 
efl pocTOMB, H efl jiHi^o opoHSBejio Ha nero o^enB cKiBHoe sne- 
iaTJ'bHÍe. Bb btoitb jihii'^ ho 6ujio apBOfi BpacoTH, ho oho 6umo 
y/mBHTejBHO HHTepecHO. Ha bhab A'^ByniBÍ 6ujío ho Óoiie ceif- 
nawaxH jAtl. KaBHMB ofipasoiiB ona Moria nonacTB ciow? %d 
o6n^aro mofjio y nes 6litb cx Ba^B^OMapoMB FecjOBBurB? Y hca 

6lUB CJHmBOHB HSflH^HHfi fl HHTeJUHreHTHUfi BHAB ]ífiň ^OBJ[OHHH^S 

aBTopa. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



niATBia ocHOBu. 647 

^isyniKa OTBepeyjacB ovh aero, h ohx noiepAJi ee wh tojtA. 
Chaa Bi o6ii^ecTBeHHofi RapeT']^, yBOSHBineň xeaxpajibHyH) nyÓJiHRy, 
OH^b nepefiHpaJTB bi naiiflTH Bce tojbbo-^to BHA^HHoe, h ne Mors 
ocBotfoxHTbCfl 0Tb HyBCTBa rjynofi peBHoCTH npH BOcnoMHHaHÍn oC^b 
aKTepi H MOJOj^oň A^BymRŠ. mwh sacsysEui aiOTB nonuiiifi BaiB- 
xenapi TaEoe cnacTBe? B;ípyrB ohi* noAuajii, rojOBy, h ero Bsr^ňjí,^ 
ynaji na &2iecTfliipfi HHAÍBcBifi map(Í)'B, H3*b-no;^ BOioparo Burjifl- 

ABBaJTB TOHeHbBÍfi HOCb OpHFHHaJIbHOfi OOBJIOHHHI^Er FeCJOBa. Pfl- 

AOM'B CB HeK), FB ypjiy KapeTu, CHA^a npocTO ox^Tafl oco6a, o^e- 
BHiHO ropHH^Hafl, npoBO»aBinafl ee hsi xeaxpa. ^Hm mofb xenepB 
Ha CBo6ojííb pasrjiflj^TB MOjroAyio A^BymRv h noHHJii, qxd bx eell 
TaB^B nopassuo h nOHpaBiuocB eMy: bo Bceni efl cyn^eciBŠ <iyB- 
CTBOBajacB nopo;(HCTOCTB. JliBYnnsoL BsrjiflHyjia vh CTopoHy ^pai^a. 
Oh% pHA&ii HeÓojBinie rjasa cb TflsejiuMH siBaMH, npHHflBmie 
npH BCTpi^ii (TB ero Bsvjíňjiflwb ocTpoe, npoHH3nBaH)ii(ee Bupase- 
HÍe, xasi HTO eny noBasaJocB^ hto ohi no^iyBCTBOBajix npHBOCHO- 
Besie CT&9H. ToHBÍfl BpiLiBfl efl Hoca AporeyjH, a bosji'^ ysBHXi 
vy&h Jierjia HacMinuiHBafl CBjaARa. Oea cnoROfiso Bunecjia ero 
npHCTaiBHHfi B3rjiflA'B, TOJBBO HaciťbmjiHBafl MHHa CA^jiaiacB en^e 
pis^e. Bo Bpeiffl cJk^AyK)ii(efi ocTanoBBH oea Bciajia h Bunua hs^b 
BapexH bm%ct6 cb CBoeio ropuHqHoB. 

$pHi^ BepTHETB laBase BCTajii, e^e ho oij^aBafl ce&b oiqera, 
]ífla qero bto A^aerx. PaBHO^^ymie, ci BaBHHi icojoxafl A^BymBa 
BEi^epsaja ero bsejta;^!., B0d6yAHJ[0 b'b hoitb sejame ysHaxB, ^Tb 

HMeHHO CBpHBaJOCB Sa TaBHMX yBipeHHIUTB BHAOlfB. 

IIpofiAfl HeMHoro, OHa ocTaeOBHJiacb nepe^i aomomi, ORpysee- 

HBIlfB co BC^Xl CTOpOHl Ca^OM^. Bx TO BpOMfl BaB^B FOpHHqHafl 

BOSHJiacBy OTHHpafl BajiHTRy, ^pHOfB npomeix cobcími 6j[H3BO mhmo 
MOJiOAOfi A^ByniBH H nocMOTp'bj!['B efi 3% mnp. Mto-to SBaJO h 
y^epsHBajo ero bx ea bsejia^, ho TOxqacB se noflBoiocB npeseee 
HacM^mjHBoe Bupaseme bi efl jiEixky k&ri> 6yAT0 roBopHBmee: 
„A saroBopHTB co mhoB tei Bce-iasH ho nocM']beinB''! 

IIpofiAfl H^CBOJBBO BpeMeHH DO yJIHI^, OHI HOBepHyJLl Ha3aA'B 

H, npoxoAfl MHMO AOMa wb caAy, yBR^aji, Basi wl HHSHeMi dTas'b 

OCB^THJHCB ABa OBHa. 

^pHi^i 6ujvh HeAOBOJenx co6ofi, xoifl ne mopb nafiin nacTOflo^efi 
npHqHHU CBoero ney^OBOJBCTBÍfl. Ci t^xi nopi obi qacxo cxai^ 
BCxpiqaxB opHFHHajiBHyH) MOJOAyH) A^BymBy vh xeaxp'b. Ona Bcerxa 
CHA&ia Ha OAHOM^B H TOMx so M'bcxi, vb TjyÓHHŠ JtooM ÓOHyapa. 
^Hi^y xox^ocB 3HaxB, ne npHBJíeBajrB jih ee kb xeaxp% hcbjtio- 
HHxejBHO BajiBAOMapi FecJiOB^B, ho ne mopb dxoro pimnxB, noxony 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



648 BfiCTHHRl EBPOmi. 

qTO OHa SuBEJia h hs rbTb npeACTaMeHÍflxx, wh botopeix'l Bpa- 
CBBufi TparHB'L He yqaCTBOB&ii. 

Oaa EHKor^a ee annjOAHpoBajta h Boofin^e mtmiwh ee Btipa- 
sajia CBoero Bocxopra. Butl iioserB, 9to fiuja npocro xeaTpajb- 
Hafl y^eHHi^a. 

XII. 

Befiícfijie^xepi pa3A'6JíflJi'b bc^ HSAaBaeMue HSfb poMaeii ea Tpn 
copxa. Ri nepBOiiy copTy npHHaAJeaiajiH poMaHH, noBynaeMae 
poAHTejiflMH wfi CBOHxt noflpocxaiomHxt ji/btelí, ko BiopoMy — po- 
MaHu, pacRynaeMue ea ^eji^HOAoposHiixx CTaHoiflxx, h, naBOHei^, 
Ex xpeTbeny — canufl HHTepecHiiH npoHSBeAeHÍfl, JiHTepaTypHHe ja- 
BOMue BycoTCH, npeACTa&iflion^ie co6oh) sanpeTHiift djqai xofl mo- 
jOAHXi A^BHi^i H se paspimaeifiie i^eHBypoS b'l npo^asi ea 
ciaHiuflxi. 

OnuTHBifi Hs^axejsíb, ci aobojilhoK yjiuÓBoft na o6pH)3nneirb 
jiHiít, oxjoatHji Bx» cxopoHy, no npoHxeHÍH, pyRonHCb BepxHHra. 
HaAO 6uJío noAUCBaxb noAXOAfl^ee hma a^a HOBaro A^xHiua. Ha- 
BBaHÍe, nocxaBJíeHHoe ^pai^eiťB, Befiícójefixepx Éaxo^HJii coBepmeoHO 
HenoAXOAfln]lHM'B h ne BUdBiBaion^HMi* HHxepeca. 3arj[aBÍe RHHra 
AOJisHO 6hjo 6pocaxBCfl bi oasa. 

— Meoro ofíimaiomee sarjiaBÍe ecxs y»e xpexb ycn'bxa, — 
aaMŤiXHJii HSAaxeab, H easBajii hobuB poMani „^HSHb po^a*'. 

3a6oxflCb o&h ycn']kx% noBaro poMana, BeficÓJefixepx pšmHji, 
qxo MOJOAOfi aBxopxi AOJiseH'b fiuj^b saBecxH CB'bxcKÍfl seaKOMCTBa, 
ot5 oco6euHO 611J10 yA06H0 am ^pni^a: ohi npoHCXOAorb hsi 
xopomefií coMbH h oÓJia^ajii npHBzeBaxejbHOfi BH']&inHOCXbK), — dXHirb 
HaAO 6ii;io BOcnojibsoBaxbCfl, — ch oxe^ecBofi safioxiíHBOCxbK) o6ib- 
flBHJix Befiíc6jefixep% h uoBesrb ^pni^a bi aomx híboS f-sh Faib- 
miycb. y Hen 6ujn> oxBpuxufi cajiOHx, oAHHCXBeHHoe m^cxo, no 
cjiOBaMi HSAaxejifl, rjíjb láomEO 6ujío ycjumaxb cepsesHue pasro- 
Bopu o jiHxepaxyp^. F-sa Tujihmijch HM'kia AO^b ox^ nepBaro 
($paBa H cuna — oxi Bxoporo. Bcb AynajiH, ?xo osa buSa^xi h b% 
xpexifi pa3'b sa rocnoAHHa, ApaBmarocfl ea AydJtH (Tb ea BxopHm 
MyaeMi, ho bxotx ópaKx ne cocxoajich. OropnenHaa BAOBa yrfe- 
niHJiacb xÍM'L, qxo Hanncajia poMan^b noA^ nceBAOHHMOiťb. Beftc- 
ÓJiefixepi noA'B ceBpexoHi }í,sun> ero npoqecxb BepxHHry, CBasaBx, 
Hxo 9X0 opoHSBeAeHÍe „HanecaHO BpoBbio cepAiia' h upeACxaBiaerb 
C06010 HHxepecHiflmifi „qejOBiqecKÍň AOKyMenrb**. $pHi^i npoHerb 
H 6bij'b nopasenx 6e3AapHOCxbio, HecBpoMBOCXbio h npexeniuosiiocTUD 
poMana. Ofi^b cocxaBHJi ceOl^ H3B']bcxHoe npeACxa&ienie o6t> anxopi 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



niATRIfl OOHOBU. 6<i^ 

H óuji^b oieHB yj^BBjeHX, Bor^a BeficÓJiefixepx npeACiaBHJi ero 
crapoS, TOJCToK a^m^, HapysHOCTb Boropofi ne ;(onycEaja h mhojít 
o jmóohEUTh opHBJíoqeHiflxx. B'B caj[OH^ r-sH riuBiniycB 6ujia 
q&ioBÍBi ;q3affiaTB rocTefi. XosHfiBa npeACiaBosa ero bc^mi, no- 
BTopHBi HÍcsojbso pa3i: 

— ^pHi^i BepTHHTB, HSB^CTHufi nHcaiasB, aBTopi „THxaro 
cea'^. BojiBinoft ero poHaei „Xhbhb po^a'' CBopo 6yAe'rE HS^aes 
HamHMi UEjAimEWb BeficfijefixepoiTB. 

^PHI^I CMyTHJICfl-ÓEIJO OVh B(AXT> dtETh dnETOTOBl, HO CBOpO 

ycnoBoaicfl, ycjmxaBi^ Rasifl npHjíaraTejbHiiE pacio^asa r-ana Fhjíb- 
ndycTb H no a;q[)ecy bcíxx j^pyrax^b cbohxi rocTefi. 

Bcš 611JIH HJH „remajbHu'', hjh „BUAaK)I^ieciI", hjh, no Henb- 
mefi iťbp^, „HSB^CTHue^. H Bcb npHHHMajiH dTH cjiOBa Baxi^ hš^to 
XOJUBHoe. Ji,Boe mojioauxi j[H);(ett, Ch ajkhhhhmh^ neÓpeisHO np^qe- 

CaHHHMH BOJIOCaMH, BpHTHHeCBH npHnOAHflBl 6p06H, OCMOTp^JH 

^pHi^a, H OHI TOTHacbse xora;^ajiCH, qio dTO 6ujíe „co6paTbfl no 
nepy*'. Cpe^H rocrefi óujio HŠCBOJbBO mojoauxi ^ani h a^bhi^x, 

HpOHBBOAHBHIHXX BneqaTjI'6HÍe AOBOJbHO TJyneHbBHXl. Do yB%peHÍH> 

xosflfiBH AOMa, OAHa H8'bHHX'b 6biJa reHÍajbHOfi xyAOSHHi^efi, Apy- 
raa — xajiaHTJHBofi niaHHCTBoii, a Tperbfl — nodieccofi, no^aio^efi ca- 
MHfl fiiíecTflnúfl Ha^es^u. 

nOCJE^AHflfl, AOBOJIbHO MHJrOBHAHafl MOJO^afl OCOÓa, CB JHI^OM^E 

^p4>opoBofi ByBOJiBH, saroBopHJia cb ^pHi^eMi. Ona coo6o^HJKa eny, 
TTo „coHHHflerb" CTHXH H yjse Ha^aja c^opHHBi noA'B HasBaHÍeM^b 
„IIjion^-B". y8HaB'L, qTo H y ^pni^a 6ujít> cfiopHHBi cthxobx, ona 
npe^jiomHJia eny oÓH^HflTbCfl BHHSBaMH. 

— Axx, BaBi qyjecHO nHcaxb cthxh, — BOCRJHBHyjia ona co 

BdXOXOM^, — HO TOJIbBO 8T0 TaBl ^OpOrO CTOHTB! — Ha y;íHBJieHHHft 

Bonpocb ÝpHqa, noqeaiy se efl floporo ctohjíh bh cthxh, ona o6xflC- 
HHja, qio cóopHHBx ne TOJbso ne ^aBajii eň HHEaBoro Aoxo^a, ho 
íTO OHa en^e ^ojatna óujib, BHnjiaTHTb Befiícfijieňxepy sa ero Hs^a- 
Hie sHaqHTCJibHyH) cyMMy ^enerB. — F-hx BeficÓJefiíxepi CBasaji^b 
mhí, hto Bci noBTH TaBX jífbjídifOTby — saBJííOHHJia OHa. 

^PHI^I n03HaB0MHJCH Cb AO^epbK) X03flňBH, MOJOJ^Ofi, BOBOTJIH- 

Bofi seHD^HHOiR, Ch TeMHbíHH oasaMH H BU8UBaK)n^e)t y;ibi6Bofi, h 
CTdun> pascnpamHBaTb ee o Bdkvh npHcyTCTBOBaeniHxi. 

— Moa MaTb AofipMmee cyníecxBO, — ÓojTajia Ahhh Smayepx. — 
Bi;íb B3i> Bcix-B ea rocxeň o^na nojOBHHa HBJífleTCfl b-b neň pa^H 
y»HHa, a Apyraa — h3i jioConuTCTaa h ^Jia cnjieTeHx, ho moa ^o- 
Cp^^Smafl MaTb ynšpena, ^T0 csojibBo hocobi b'b ea cajiOH'b, CTOJibBO 
h renieBi. 



Digitized by V:iOOQIC 



650 BfiCTHHB'E BBPOIOI. 

— Hy, a MeHfl si Rasofi s&e BaxeropiH b£i npeuciflere? — 
Cb yj»i6R0B cnpocHjii ^pni^i. 

— Ax-B, B£i — coBcbMi APyroe a**io, — nocirbmHO OTvI^aia 
OHa: — HHaqe B^jijb a ee CTajia 6u laRx ci saMH pasroBapHsaTE. 

Bx diy MHHyxy ee nossajia uBUh, h o6i csptuMCB bi cocbAHeS 
BOMHaT^, Tjiib HaxoAHjcfl 5y^erB. O&h dTOMi mosho 6wio tfesoniH- 

60^H0 SaRJHOHHTb DO CTpaCTHUBTB BSrJlňAB,Wh AJIHHHOBOIOCEIXI nOOTOBl, 

HanpaBJíeHHUM^b vb Ty ciopoHy. 

Ri BepTHHry noAomaix lOHoma Ch 6es6opoxawb jLunpwb h 
npeACTaBHJKCfl, BaBi cuhi xosafiBH AOMa^ Teo^^HJb-AjOHS^b Frib- 
miycb. HenocpexcTBeHHO sa diHarB ohi coo6I^fu^B ^pni^y, qxo na- 
oHcaji ApaMy „Cyxia", ho hh oahhi aHTpenpeHepi ne pimaercfl 
ee nocxaBHTB. 

— Oxqero ae?— cnpocHJix ^pai^: — B'bpoflTHO o^eu TpyjiHafl 
nocTaHOBsa? 

— EíTby cjHmBOMi cjosHafl ncHxojorifl, — Cb BasHOcrbiD 
OTBŠ^aji BoceMHaAi^aTHJťi^THÍfi fiOHoma. — BnpoqeMx, a ee 6yAy nairB 
sapaHÍe pascRasuBaTb co^epsaHÍe. Bh caMH yaramHie cerofffl 
MOK) Apany, — ee Óy^yrB qHiaTb. 

Bi* dTO Bpeiia Bi HHMi noAonuia Ahhh dmayepi cixapeioi- 
Kofi cjcacTefi bi oahoíí pys^ h CTaRanoMi nyHma bi Apyrofi. 
Oea npoTHHyjia ciaBaH^b h Tapeiowy ^pHiiy r npHrjacHJUt ero ci 
C060K) B'B MajeHbEiii ÓyAyapx bosji'^ ro^THHOň, ni mosho 6buo 
yAo6HO yc^CTbCfl h noČojiTaTi. Bpaxa ona nonpocHja npHHecTH e& 
B0H4)eBT% H noTOHx ycjajia ero bx lOHofi noaxecc^, aBxopy „Daioiiia'', 
HCBaBmefi, no ea cjiOBaMi, „poACXBeHHyio Ayniy". 

^pHifi cnpocHJii Ahhh dmayepi, vjí^b yqHJCa ea típars^ h ysH&rb, 
qxo owb roxoBoicfl CAanaxb SBsaMeHii sp&iocxH, no OBonnamH bo- 
xoparo Haxb pasp^mHJia eny „CA^axscfl nodxoMi''. 

— Axt, HecqacxHuĚ! — HeBOJibHO aocBJHBHyjrb ^pnai. 

— SHaqnxx, h bh nodrh? 

— HnenHO noxony a h xsuiíjo Bamero 6paxa, — ne^erso Bce 
3T0 Aaexca. 

Ahhh dmayepi oocMOxp^jia na nero cepbesHO h npHCxajibHO. 

— Snaexe, r-nt BepxHHrB, — npoix)BopHia OHa, hohhshbi ro- 
jiochi—Bu coBci^Mi ne hoxosh na xjbxi aodxoB^ Boxopue bi 
9Ty MHHyxy Haejaat^aioxcfl b^ 6y4)exi. Si xepnixs ne Mory Bxoro 
OTBpaxHxejbHaro Befic6jieňxepa, ho sa xo, qxo owb naci npHBeii 
cio^a — A eny oqent ójiaroflapna. 

^pHi^x ci yAHB^ieHieiix BsrjiaHyjii na Hee. 
„^xó snaqHJiH btr CJiOBa?" — Ohi ne ycnijii xopomeHbso sa- 
^^yHaxbca na^i* axHiix BonpocoMx, xani BaBi> bi KOMnaxy BomiH 



Digitized by VjOOQ IC 



niÁTRIfl OCHOBU. 651 

Tpfl x&Mu, AB^ nosRJuifl H OAHa MOJio^^aa. BsrjiflHyBí* ua nocjťbj^- 
HH)K), $pH^l» noqyBCTBOBajii, KaB^L cep^i^e ero yeKopeHHO saÓHjiocb. 

— KtO 9Ta ÓapHfflHfl?— 6HCTpO CnpOCHJIl OHX H npHÓaBHjx, 

6oflCE, 9T0 Ahhh dmayepi saniTHrB ero BOJiHeHÍe: — ona Tasx no- 
xosa Hft o^Hy moid sHasoMyio. 

— 3to TeABHra (|K)H'B-JIaBaH'L. Teo(í)HJib (JesyMCTByerB no eeft,— 
OTB^Haja ^pay dfflay<|KB. — Y Moero 6paTaa He^^ypsofi BKyeB, ho 
npaB;i(a m? 

A KTO 8TH CTapiIfl JíJBlUU CB U&K>? 

— FeABHra spyrjiafl cspoxa, h stb CTapymBH ee BocnsTUBajiH. 
Owb cecTpu, soByrB hxx H^a h AnaHAa EHTmxeHi. O^na hsi 
HHX^b 6£Lia HeB^CTofi OTAa FeABHrH, ho ohx ynepi^, ho ycn^Bi 
Esvbjífinh Ch HeK) c^acTBS. IloflAOMTe, fl Bací npeACraBJUo HiťL. 

^pHi^^L no^pcTfiOBaJix CMyn^eHÍe. ysnhjerh jih ero ^peiije&HX 
^Hi-jIaBaHx? 

Ho MOJOxafl A^Bynusa nocMorp&ra na Héro o^eHB cnoBofiíHO u 
npoHSHecjia: 

— Mh, saseicfl, cb BaMH BCipi^aJiHCb vb Teaxp*, — h npn 
dTHx^b ciOBax^b ea jhi^ efl noflBRiacB CBOttCTBeHHafl efi HacMim- 
jHBafl yjiH6Ba. 

Ohh saroBopHJiH o Teaipi, h ^pni^ hobojibho ofi^yMBisa^^B 
BasAoe cjiOBO, nero cobc^h^b ne A^Jiajx, pasroBapHBafl oepeA'B 
dTHMi CB Ahhh dmayepi. KaBx drn;^^ seHn^HU 6euh Majio ooxosh 
;(pyrB na Apyra! Bi cpaBHeHÍH ci pocBomHO paaBHTOň 4^rypoii 
4>pay dmayepi, FeABnra, Cb CBoefi ojocsoň rpyxBio h xyj^ofi ^Hrypofií^ 
BanoMHHaBmefi MajiB^HBa, BasajiacB BaBHH^B-xo tíeanojiiiMi . cyo^e- 

CTBOMX. 

Ohh crajiH roBopaxB o ({)paHay3CBHX'B poMaHaxi, h osasájioCB, 
^TO o6a OAHHaBOBO yBjíesajHCB Fioh Ae-MonaccaHOM'B. Sojík ona 
cxaBHJia ropa3;(0 Bume ]ífi^é, naxoAfl nocj^ABiiro CBy^HiiMXy cjia- 
n^aBUMi H HenpaBAHBUMX. 

OBasajocB, qxo FeABHra coBC'bM'B ne HHxajía BajiBsaBa. ^pni^^B 
npeAJiosHJi efi npHHecxH hžcbojbbo xomobi, xasi BaK'B y Hero 
óujio nojHoe coÓpaHÍe co^HneHÍfi axoro asxopa, h CTipocnjuh es 
aApecB. 

— Ji »BBy B-B nepBOMi 3xa»i, r-Hi BepxHHra; jomx, ecjH 
ee oniHÓaiocB, Bani ESB^cxeni. 

$pHi^x nospacH^^, cwkmBJíCíL h, hxoóbi CBpuxB CBoe CMyn^eHÍe, 
sarOBopHJíx cHOBa o cxoacxb^ cb ero sHaBOMOft, xaBi nopasHBmeMi 
ero, 6yAxo 6ii, wh Jitmi Fe^BErH; ho ona CMOxp^ja Ba nero cb 
yjBitíBofl, flCBO roBopHBmeft, ^xo OHa ne b4phxt» hh e^HEOMy ero 
csoBy. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



652 BKITHHSl EBPOmi. 

3to ctsuio pasApa^axb ero, h eMy Afione aaxoT^ocb cBasan 

efi RaByK)-HB6yAb BOJIROCTb. 

Bl 9T0 BpeMH Bl rOCTHHOfi B(A BSkflfiEV&JlEChj JSJBkMU BtlTfl- 

HyjH meH no OAHOMy HanpaBJieHÍK), kto-to BpHBHyjix: — „9to OH'b!"— 
H Bi jífiepnxi* noKasajiacb BeypiHTejrbHafl ^Hrypa KpacaBi^a Ban- 
Aenapa Fecjosa. 

— Bu SHaere, sto sto, ^pefijiefiflrb ^oni»'AaBB,wb? — copocKu 
EepTHHrb, DpHCTajbHO TJíBflfi efi Bi jHi^o H CTapaflCb yjoBHTB ne- 
peM']&Hy BupaseBÍfl bi mem. 

— Jífiy dxo r-H^b Ba^A6Map*b recjiOB'B, — OTB^qaja ona coBep- 
meHHO cnoKofiHO. 

Bu (Tb HHM1> SHaBOMU? 

— KoHe^Ho; ohx ObiBaerb y mohxi TeiymeEx. 

— 9to OAHHi Hsi jiyqmHxi Hamexi asiepOBi. 

— Hy, yai hítb, HHCKOJbKO, r-Hx BepxHHrb! fl, orspoBemo, 
Haxosy ero o^enb csaóuicb, BaBi aRiepa. Owb mhí ctojbro poiefi 
HcnopTH^ii! 

BajibxeMapi FecjiOBi npesA^ Bcero HanpaBHJca bi croiOByio, 
xaBx KaRi nocjíš cneBTasjífl Bcerxa 6£iBajix cxpaniHo roioxesi. 
Ero OBpyaiHJiH j^aMBi h cTajiH eny npHCjysHBaTb cx c^acrjHBinfH 
yj[ii6EaMH, a ohii nHJi h ^t> sa o&b n^esH. 

IIoABp^nHBi ce6fl, ohi o6xflBHj['L, qio xenepb Moserb npH* 
cryiiHTb Wh HTemio „Cjjulu^. Maib aBiopa oócnua bcíxx rocreft, 
o6xflBJíHfl EWh o npeACTOflBmeMX cnacTjHBOirb co6eitíh, h bc6 ea- 
npaBHJTHGb B'b rocTHHyio, Tjíib sa ctoshbomi yme bos(Aa9íji% Bajn* 
AeMďp'b, reciOBx, ocBÍ^eHHHfií AByMfl cepeÓpflHUMH RaeAe^iflfipaini. 
PyKpnHCb, JiesaBmafl nepeA'B hhmi, nanyrajia Bepinera CBoeio 
TOjm^HHOK). IIpocjiymaBi 6ojí^e qaca coBepmeeno HeHCBycHoe ^le- 
HÍe FecJOBa, ohx se Bu^epaiajii h ymeji bi sypejbEyio KOMeaTy. 
TaMi OHI Hameji^b AByx'b ajkhbhobojioceixi no9TOB'b, CHA'bBinHXX, 
noJiosHBx HOFH na coc^AHÍe CTyjibH, h c% aacjiasAeflieMX sypHB- 
inHX'b Aoporifl xosflfiCBÍfl CHrapu. 

— YMepi, qxo-JiH, Cyjjia? — ocBŠAOMHjrcfl oahhx hs-b hhxi. 

— H-irb eme, — oxBi^ajii ^pni^x:— eny ocrajocb 2KHTb xBa 
aRTa cb nojiOBHHofi. 

— SEAJib, Ďojibrae nyHraa bštb, — saniTHJii Apyrofl no^rb.— 
He^ero jijkjiSiTb, uoŘj^eute bx nHBHyío. He xoTHie jih h bbi ci 
HaiiH? 

Pí BCi Tpoe TafiROMX 06paTHJHCb Bl 6£rCTB0. 

II — HA C — BA. . 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



PyCCKIM KITAM 



HAmA DEPBAA KOJIOHIA HA. AajBHBIII BoOTOSft. 



BojAe Tpexi jtItb míi ui^ieifB KsaBTyHOMi; ueoto HamHxib 
MHJurioHOBrB aaxpa^eHO yse sa ^ry or^^eHHyio odiacrb HMnepia; 
MBoro MHJjnoHORB noTpetiyeTB cea bi Óy^yn^eni; mhofo^ HainHX'B 
ot6iuo h8'b i^eHTpa Poccíh sa dxy A^JteRyio asiaTCRyio o&paBHy 
AJM BO^BopeHÍfl Hamefi BJiacTH h Hacas^eHÍfl pyccsofi nyjiBTypu na 
aroMi MajOHacejeHHoiťB, HenpHB^TJiHBOMx, iiajio njio^opoAHOMi 
H BOBce He fijiaronpiflTHOMi bi RiHMaTH^ecROMi OTHomeHÍH nojiy- 
ocrpoB^ asiaTCsaro MaTepHBa. HecMOTpfl ea btotl ;^0CTaT0?H0 y»e 

npOAOJUKHT&IKHUfi CpOR'B OÓJa^aHÍfl HaMH HOBOfi KsaBTyHCKoá 06- 

jiacTKio, jifi cm nopi y nacL ee nOBBjrajocB o6cTOflTejibRaro xpy^a 
no flCTopÍH H dTHorpa^ÍH dTofií nepBoii pyccBoii bojiohíh sa JlMh- 
newb BoctorÍ; a Mea^y Tbwh 9tot% pyccRÍň RHTatt no CBoeiiy hu- 
Bd^niHeiiy SHa^HÍio npexcTaBjflen 6ojihmoŘ sHiepecB m tojlbo Ann 
oxHHXx CHHOJoroBi H cnoi^iajHCTOBi, HO Booón^e ]ífiň Bc6xi o6pa- 
BOBaHHuxi Aiojifii, jsjíB Bcefi coipajibHoB H npoMtiniJeHHOfi Poccíh. 
Han, pyccBHX^, coeAHHHH)rB cb Enrafii^aMH HCTopenecBifl h dTHO- 
rpaj«<iecsifl ysu, pyccsan rocy^apcTBenHaa rpanHiia conpHBacaeTCfl 
CB rpaHHiieH) CpeAHHHOfi HMnepÍH ea npoTflseHÍH 6ojAe bocbmh 
THCii^x BepcrB; HasoHeiiB, naniH nojHXHqecKÍe h xoproBue Hexe- 

peCU XŠCHO CBASaHU CB HHXepecaMH BHXafiCKHMH^ a MeisAy i*ÍM^ 

o^eoB Majo MBi, pyccBÍe oÓpasoBaHHBie jiioah, 3HaeM'B namero se- 
jmsaro coci^a h bhobb npioOpixeHByio HaMH oójracxb — KBaaxyHi. 
IIoAi pyKOBOACXBOMx nopBaro pyccRaro aaqajiBHHBa KeaHxyH- 
exaro nojiyocxpoBa, renepajia ^. H. CyÓoxnqa, sa oepBue xpn 
roxa pyccBaro ynpaBjeHÍfl na RBaaxyHÍ, co6paHO renepaflOMx h 

ToMi v.— Oktjibpb, 1902. 42/ir. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



654 B^CTHHBX EBPOnU. 

ero noMon^HHRaMH, o^HC^epanH reHepajbnaro mraóa, ;iparoir6HBHfl 

CBÍ^A^HÍA O&b dTOMl HOBOMl MB HaCL Bpa%. Ha OCHOBaHÍH 9TETh 

0({)4>Hi^iajibHBixi ^^aHBuxi Bil HacTOflii^eM'L o^epR']^ MU H nocTapaeMCfl 
no3RaBOMHTb BamHxi qHTaTejeB, ROHe^Ho BEpaTuc^, ci> HameS 
nepBofl Kojonieft sa JlfiJihBewb Boctokí, — roBOpHMi — „KOJOHÍefl", 
h6o saHflTafl HaaiH reppHTopífl, xota h npeACTaBj^eTi coóofi BasHoe 

Bl> nOJHTH^eCBOMl, BOeHHOlfE, TOprOBOMl H dKOHOMHqeCKOlfb OT- 

Homeeiflxi npio6p%Teiiie, co6cTBeHHO b'l CMUďb BKOHOMH^ecROMX 
í^ojíTO eme, a Bipaíe — Bee^m (Jy^erB TOJibKO sojroHÍefi. Sahana 
Hama— noAHflTb en CjiarbcocTOfleie h pasyMBo BBCojoaTHpoBaTb ee. 
Byiyn^ee noBamexi, ciyH'beM'B jtb mu cnpaBHTbCfl co bsatoB aa 
ce6fl sa^a^efi. 

Tenepb, kobcího, TpyABO npe^íBBflÍTb, ^to Óy^ers ffijame] o^íbo 
TOJibEo BeocnopHMO, HTO 9T0 óy^eTh saBBefeTb OTi Bací CaMBXl 
FB ropasAO 6oJibmefi creseBs, ^.^u^h r^b Óu to bb 6eijio. Ecjeb 
MU c'byM']&eM'b CBpaBBTbCfl CB BameB sa^anéA, to BaM'B bo 6yAeT^ 
CTpaniBa ROHRyppeHi^ifl bb ÁBrjÍB^ bb FepMaBÍB, bb AMepBRfl, bb 
5noHÍH. CoCcTBeBBO ae RaR^b crpaBa, BóBaa TeppBTopia Be apex- 
CTaBjflep CojibBioft iííbboctb, pasB^ tto bojoto noíBBMeTi ee, — 
BO BTO éfl^e ra^aTejBAO. IIoRa 9to ecTb TOJbBo rojOBa, bjh bTbti- 
Ae-BOHx'', BpBRpuBaiomiB BejiBRilt pejibcoBut nyTb. 



I. 

reorpa(J)HqecKoe nojioseiríe. — IIpocrpaHCTBO.— PeiBCcJrE. — Boíh. — RjnmaTi. — Haceie- 
HÍe: ^HCjeHHooTB, fuexeHBoft coctaBi, cocjiobu, 6Hti. — XyHrysH. 

HaBTB BjaA^BÍfl Ba KBaBiyBCROM^b nojyoCTpOBŠ paB;^jflR)TCfl 
ysRHMi II|3fiBbqsRoycRBMi nepemeilROMi Ba ab% ^acTB: c^Bepayio — 
JlflojiyBx H H)3KByK) — co6cTBeBBO RBaHTyHi. 3aBflTafl BaMH, no roh- 
BeHi^ifl cb RHTaeMi 15 MapTa 1898 ro^a, TeppBTopÍB paceoioseHa 
Mea^y 38^20 b 39^25 c*BepB0fl mapora (T.-e. Ba o^flofi n&- 
pajjejiB sa SapflBmaBCROfo aojihboío b cb JleBRopaHCRBMi RpaeM%) 
H 138^28 B 140^53 boctohboB ^ojtoth. OBa BaBBMaerB nio- 
n^ajb OROJO 2.885 RBaipaTBUxx Bepcrb, BRjfo^afl bi to ncjo 
28 BaceseBBBTxi ocTpoBOBi, cocTaBJíflton^flxi ao 146 BBaxpaTBBixx 

BepCTB. 

DoBepxHOCTb pyccRaro RBaHTyBa BMÍfaerB xapaRTepi ropH- 
CTufi. PaBBBHU TaMi p%;(Rfl fl pa8M']^pbi Bxi Besaa^BTejbBH. 
Oflt pacnoďomeHu, r^iaBauMi* oÓpaBOMB, no AO^BBaM^ p'&R'B. Han- 
6ojibmiň H3i> BBxi: xojBBa piwB TyqeBUU b aobojbbo o6niBpfl[afl 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



pyccsifi KMTAň. 655 

BflSMeHHoeTb y ceieBÍfl HH^eHi^u. OHUBaioope samy TeppHTopiio 
Cb BOCTOKa, lora h saiUMia, Kopeftc£Íft h JlflOAyHCKifi aaJiHBu oópa^ 
90iBíLjm ^pesBsraafiBO BSBUHCxyio (SepéroByio jhhíio (aa noAo6ie 
^«Bj[EEf^CKBX% mxepi, TOJibKO vb 6ojiie rpaH^uoBHuxi pa3M'bpaxi) 
DporajseHieiii bi 503 BepcTti^ co MHornicH 5yxTaMH, ho HeyAo6* 
BHiiH jíflA flKopHHii CTOflBoai; HCUKHeHÍe cocTaaiHiorB ABa saiHea, 
TaiieHBaecxifl h Dopn-ApTypcKÍS, nepsufi— >BaKB 6y]í,ymiŘ noprh 
y ropoAa flfijihnsrOy a sropoft — aasi CToansa Hunero Boeauaro 
^ora. 

OcÓtieHEOCTBK) SaBflTOfi TeppHTOpÚr Vh rHAp0Fpa4)H^CK0]f'B OTHO^ 

meHÍB flBJTfleTcx crjaoct& TeRy^Hsi bo^i, itó saBacarB otb Bpo- 
;(oisBTejf»Haro, bo^tb AeBflTB-MŠCflwaro^ nepieta cyxoro EpeiieBE 
roxa, OTcyrcTBÍfl jiícofb b bkcoebxi ropi, itajiott Anrau b 3Ba- 
vTej&aaro Ba^HÍa pycejrb piqeKi. Bi xe^eBÍe ipexi jšthhx^b 
MicMneB^ oÓBJíiBHe AOSAH BepenojiBflK)TB pycjía BOAOfi, jrams lacTbS) 
BaflTiiBaK>B^eficfl vb rohbj; rjaBBaa 3se Macca yBOCBTca b% ucpe. 
On jBBBfl Ha BBdMeflHim MÍCTax'b cípa^aian zjrbóí^ b ^epesBa 

fl BOpTflTCH XOpOrH. 

BecHorpa sa BesBa^Bre^jtoe sojB^ecTBO Texy^Bx^b boa'b, naibsa 
ocasaTB, 9T06H TeppBTopía 6iua aoBce 6ÍAaa boaoiq; nacii^eHHaa 
BOAOio no^aa nBTaerb bo bc£ x^aaib Micaneai boioweI) yCTpoH- 
Baeifue Vh pycjiax^ p^^eai b bCjhsb aarb. droro ROJro^esHaro 
wnaca boah hc xBaTaen, ecuH Beceasie a^jkab saoasAbíMioT^, a 
Mň aaceiesBiirb HicTHocTeft aaiiacrb bo^u koioacsboK coBopmeBao 
BexocTaTO^Bi. Bi IIopTX-ApTypi mu naibsyeiKsa ycTpaeaauin> ea^e 
KBrafii^aMB boaodpoboaohi, npoBexeBHHirb hb^ pína Jlyaxd, ao^a 
soTopofi ae BEicoaaro Raq^cTBa, a npaTOirB ea jfajio ji^n paspo- 
eraioiivtroca ropoAa. 

HdHCBUBiH noAseMBiirb BOAoaocHEix'^ rjyÓOBO .leasan^HX^ cjoeai 
J^íA MjoÓ/smE apTesiaacKOfi boxu, ae npBsejiB k% 6jaronpiflTHiiM% 
pe8yjbTaTaM'B. BTopaa Mipa no ofiesne^eHÍio IIoprB-ApTypa ao^ofi 

C0€T0BT7» B% yCTpofiCTOi Onpi^CHBTejeK, BBl ROTOpHXl O^ABl Ha 

1.200 Be^epi b% cyTaa, a j^pyr(^ aa 20.000 ae^epi, a o6a oaa 
yse flíbicTByjOTb. Oaepi aa KsaHiya^ ho^tb eítb. E^aacTBea- 
Boe^ 6ojLÍB BaaHBTeibfloe osepo ^ajaoi^u aaxOAflxca vh e&Bepy 
<m> BaETopia-Óefi, ao ki noai^y nepioxa sacyxa oso nepecaxaeTb, 
H SBT&iB noiQíbByioTca Bo^ofi BBi sojOAA&y BHpuTaro Ha cepe- 
jlBfli osepa. HjraroAapa Banpyxt, 6jíe^% Qoprb-Apxypa Taase o6pa- 
Boeajiocb Heóojbmoe opicHOBOAaoe osepo. RjBiiarB aaman aia- 
xlbHiit Bcei^o sasHCBTi or& HanpaBjeHÍa AyK)o^Bx% B'&Tp0B'b a 
mvbevb Maoro o6n]iaro c:b KJHifaxoiťb fOJLEO-yccypiĚcsaro apaa. 
3aM0fi rocnoACTByioTb dBepaue b ciaepo-BOCToqHue ai^Tpu, BHor^a 

42* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



656 BI^CTHHBl EBPOnH. 

conpoBOSAAeMue CH&sHoft nyprofi^ npoxojsaioiueficfl oboio rpex^ 
cyTOBi; saT^Mx, na HŠBOTopoe spěna ycTaHaaiHBaerca acHaa, cyxai 
noroAA? DO HoqaiTB BcerAS xaiOAHaa, XHeiix se, npn orcyTCTBÍH 
B^xpa, Tenjafl, xasi BaRt cojiHi^e chjbho rpšerB. Bo apexa s^Tpa 
TeiinepaTypa chjbho noHHsaeica h Moposu Aoxoxan xo xecari 
rpaAycoBx. CToaqia boxu noBpuBanica cioeMi jbxa, BUHOcaiQHif^ 
TasecTE ^ejiOB^Ba, ho Mope se sanepsaeri. Do paBetasairb sh- 
Tafii(eB'B, BHyTpeHHÍft Óaccefini nopTapTypcsofi Syxru vb cypoBua 
8HMU noBpuaaeTca tohbhmi cioeM^ JiL^a. Bi oÓD^eni, SHMa Marsaa, 
€1 He5ojEinHMH MoposaMH eb cepexHHH fifivaJipE ao BOHi^a Mapra. 
GH'6ai;Haa nypra Ha6jrH)Aae7ca naT&, mecrb pasi wh 8HMy. 

Jíiiowh AyK)rB BjasHiie K)iRHiie h loro-sana^ue B^Tpu; Tauce 
^acTu TyMaHu h jlosbljsm- Boa^yx^b HacrojbRO Hacun^aeTCa BOAa^Hini 
napaMH, hto MHoríe npeAMexii vb shjiuxx noušnieHiaxi n(mpii^ 
BaiOTca iLieceHbH). Bo apeMa aacyx'b 6HBaeTb ojioxoi ypojsaft 
xjíiúovh H cbna; noaBjaerca HepaaBi, (rbÍAftK>iiUfl bck) ^yxHSHyK) a 
OTHacTH BysypysHyHy h raojaHHya) cojOMy. .!I'bTHHa TeMDeparypa 
o^OHb Bucosa, HO vh 1899 — 1900 rr. ne 6uáo CHJbHux^b sapoa^ 
BoeHHaa nopTaprypcisaa MeTeopojrorH^iecBaa craaiiía h B96jíK>jsfimň 
Fb ropo;^ ]ijBua>heMi> noRasaJu HaHBUcmyH) xeMneparypy Kb tíbvl 
25^,2. Ob cepe^HHii aarycxa asapa noHeMHory ociaóď^Baerb h na- 
crynaerb jyqmee apeiia ro^a— ocenb, cb acHOfi tbxoS noroxofi h 
H3p^ffa nepena^^aio^BMH aosabmh. BeceHHÍe uicňu^, Maprb h aa- 
qajo aiip'bjia, no CBoeMy xapaaxepy npH(SjiHsaH)Tca kb sHaraHirb, a 
BOHOi^b anp&ia h iiafi — ai jrí^THHiťb ikicai^airb. Bi noprb-Aprypi 
y^pesAOHu ^vb MeTeopasoraiecBÍa CTanqÍH, hs^ BOTopuxi o^ay 
na Óepery 6yxTH ycTpoHJO HopcKoe b^aomctbo, h cHa^AHJio HHCrpy- 
MeHTaMH rjaBHOfi ^HSHqecaofi oÓcepsaTopía; aropaa se ycrpoena 
BoeHHuu^b B^AOMCTBOiťb B'b HOJiyBepcTŠ OTb Mopa^ Ha bbcotí 70 ^. 
OTx ypOBHa Hopa, h CHafiseaa HacipyMeHTaiíH hbx Toaorpa^^H^e- 
CBaro OTA^jra mTaóa npHaifypCBaro aoeHHaro oapyra. Brofi craHi^efi 
saBÍAyerb apaq^b, r. Tan^eHKO. B^b ^aJbneMi ci> napra 1 899 r. Tose 
npoH8ao;^Tca HexeopojiorHqecBia HaÓJuoAenia apaqoirb rapHHaoHa, 
r. KpioBOBBiirb. 

ToqHuxi cvbxbuiň o nacJieHHOCTH TysoMHaro Haceiema aa 
KaaHTyH^ h Ha OTHOcan^axca B*b Heny ocxpoaaxi vh Hacroan^ee 
apena ne HiiieTca h ne Moserb 6iiTb j^aao Óeax npoHSBOXCTBa 
nepeoHCH. Jl^ja aBiacHenia Cb npH^JHSHTejrbHofi TO^HOCTbH) ;^&ctbh- 
xeibHofi i](H<{)pH HacejieHÍa RaaHTyHa 6um ca^jisleu peRorBOcaa- 
poBRH reHepajbHaro nrraóa noAHOJíBOBHHKaMH EibaHCKHin. a Ca- 
ifO&EOBHM^ H jtaHHHMH Hiťb Vb noMOH^b CTpoeBBíMH o4)Hitepaiai: 
^nTaOcb^aanHTaHOiťb FopcBHiťb 2-M'b, nopy^HBOM^b KajaHTaeacsiiirb, 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



ryccwĚ KHTAfi, 657 

€OTHBKOirB CeMeHOBHiTE H RopDyca Tonorpa(i)OKb iiiTa({c'b-RaaHTaHOM'B 
FaBpHJOBiiirE, 6e3i nepesoA^HKOsi; BnpoqeMx^ bx dxoMi OTHome- 
bíh Óojbmyio yeiyry ORas&ii nopy^HRi Poccobi, ocHopaTejbHO 
Hsy^iHBiiiifi KHxaftcKÍfi flsuRi. OnpeA&ieHii 6iijih bcš HacejienBue 

nyHSTH, VSIUO JífiOpOBl, Bl HHX1>, H CeMeftCTB^ Vb KaSAOlTB H91 

nocjAííEEThj—ThVh RaiTB HacTO noA^B OAHOft KpoBJíett nposHBaen 
BlcsojibRO cesíeftcTBi, — H, HaRbeei^, BUBe^eno cpe^nee ^hcjo Ayni'B 
VB KaftAofl ceMB'6. 3anHcaHi] to^ho RHiaftCRÍfl HasBanifl nyHRTOBi — 
AepeBeHb, ceji, p'bRB, ropx, ;^ojbh'b b npo^. IIpB 9tohs BUflCBBiocb, 
qro ^HCJO Aynii oóoero nojra b bcšxi sospacTOB^b ROjeÓieTCfl Mes^y 
7 B 10 HejEOBi^MB Bi ceMbi. no TaROMy BC^BCiesiio TyseMfloe aa- 
cejieflie saflaroll uanB vacTB RBaBTysa, BH'bcT£ erb ocTpoBaMB, xo- 
erBraerb 274.945 Aynrb oóoero noja. Hsi bbxi 247.272 qejOBŠRa 
nposHBaiorB aa MaTepBRŠ wh 1.908 nacaieBHuxi nyaRTaxi, a 
ocTaAflae 27.673 qejOBŠRa — aa ocTpoBaxx. Cpe^HAB ryciOTa na- 
caseBÍfl flameft TeppBTopÍB Ba MarepAR^, cocTaBjaion^eft 2.739 rb. 
BepcTx, — 90 qejiOBÍRi, h aa ocrpoBax^, saflaMaion^xi 146 rb. 
Bepcn^ — 189 qejioBiRt aa o;íay RBaApaxayK) aepcTy. Ho djiot- 
BOCTB Hacejieale RBaaTyaa npea^maeTb R&iei^Ryio ry(5epaÍK) (86 

Ha MaTepBR^ aposasaeTb apBmjiuxi RBiaficRaxi paóoqflxi, 
apeflMyn^ecTBeaao vb Doprb-ApTyp^, Jl^ajbaeiťb a aa jbbíb cxpofl- 
n^eficfl RBTaficROft bocto^boB sai^aoS Aopora (codcTBeaao aa Raaa- 
Tyai), jsfi 10.000 Aymi. PyccKoe aacejieaie RaaaTyaa, desi boBcri^ 
XOxoAHTb AO 1.500 ^ejOB^Ri, BBOCTpaai^eBi — eaponefii^eBi jip 400 
qeiOB^R'B B aaoBiteBi orojo 200 lejOB^RB. HecMorpfl aa Bofiay, 
i^B^pu 8TB ao^TB fle BBMŠBBjBCb, a B^b BocjiŠAaee apeiifl, Baapo- 
imrhy A&xe yaejiBWJiBCb oraocaTaibao RBTaSi^eai, wĎ ;^0Ra8UBaerb 
pasyMBoe OTaomeaie pyccRoB aAMBABCipai^ia vb RBTaficROMy aa- 
ceaeaiK). 

B-b ropoxi Il|3BBb9Soy ^BCJBTCfl fl,o 15.000 saxeiefi. Topoji^jl 
IIopTB-ÁpTypL (5.000 qejroB^Ri), ^ajbaíB, H^saabqzRoy, a Taase 
Bhi^babo, OTBOCflTCfl vb Baafioj^e aaceieflaifirnaMi ayaRTaMx aa 
RBaaTyaa. SarlM^b a^yrb c&ieaiji, air&ioa^iB atROTopoe loproBoe 
saaqeaie aa BOCToqaoirb no6epesbB: JlyaBaHTaai, CfloaBBAO, Jaoxy* 
Taab, Jl^arymaab, Illfli^ao, njsuabqaai, jIfloryaabi^3yS, XyaTyafi^ 
Tyaabmaabasbi, JtBamyfixdi^su a UlaxBRay, a aa saaaAaoMi ao- 
tiepeaRbfl: myaBAao, ÁaioyBa, Mafiao, CaaryaaMflo, Gaounsu b 
ďxyi^yA. 

fOsaafl ^acTb nocaieaifl aacaieaa rya^e — 105 q&soB^Rx aa 
RBaApaTayK) Bepciy. Sax^irb cii^yeri cbaepaafl ^acxb — 82 qejo- 
B^Ra aa RBa;(paTayH> aepcTy. Meate se aacejeati toro-BOcro^auft 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



658 B%CTHHRX BBPOini. 

E c^Bepo-sanaAHiifi y^acTSB EBaHiyna, mb saBseŠJC on 6ouiie 
csyAHOfi noqBH h oT^ajenBOCTH arHxx ificTBOcrefi oři sHa^ereA- 

HUXl TOprOBUXl nyHSTOB'L I],8BUb?X0y B Bfll^BlIBO. Ho hl^ HS- 

CTOfl^ee BpeMfl yse saMŠqaercH BsisiseBÍe ryetoru aace^eBifl, 
yBeJiH'q[BBaion^eecfl m> IlopTx-ApTypy b ^ajibHeMy, KOTopsie Bce (So- 
jí^be B óojiie npBBJíeKaioTE bi cečt lyseMfloe b npBmjoe paóo^ee 
fl ToproBoe Bacejeflie. 

Ho laRBB^y BflqypBBy h ^TpyxaMi n»HH€BOfi AyxoBBofl mbccíh''^ 
HacejEreBÍe KsaHryBa oCpasoBajiocb isi Buzo^i^eKb coc^^^bbxi npo- 
BBflaill KBTaflr— IIIaHB^tyBa, IQaHbCH (npoBHHi^fl, Vb soTopofi apeasxe 
flaxoABJícfl BBTaficBifi BMnepaTopi), ^SBjáflCBOfi — b m% afiopBresoB^ 
crpaBU MaBqsypcRaro ojieMesH. B^b HacTOfliqee BpeMB pasjBHHiifi 
BJieMeHa nojiyoctpoBa BacrosbBO CM^majiBCb, hto sacaieBie npeA*- 
oraBJíflerb, 6es'b bcbbbxi opBrHHajbBux^ pacoBHXi leprb, qwh%^ 
ofmili BBTaĚCKÍfi THni. B'b btomi, Bax^ b bo bcíx^ noAo6flHx% 
cny^aflxi, CBasaJiacb vb nojBoK ni^pt nopadBT&iibBag accBMflJiH- 
pyiomafl cnocodHOCTb BETafiosaro oieiieBB. ExHHCTBeBBBifi bshb-u 
Ba KBasTyBJb — BflTafiCKÍň, c% BeaHa^iHTejbHUMH ysjíOHeBiflHH ot^ 

^aCBJÍĚCROfi paBHBBH, BOTOpiIfl BflOOeHU B^ HOrO fliaHbJíyHCKHirb 

roBopoMi. 

Ha RBasTysi nposBBaiorb ab% rpynosi BaceieBifl, OTjnnafonaflCB 
no OTHomesiio Apyri k'b Apyry coiqajbHbiH^ BOJicateflieM^, mim- 

HHCrpaTBBBnM^ yCTpOfiCTBOM^ fl B*6BOT0pfiIMB nOAPOÓBOOTBMH Ce- 

MeliBaro b o6n]iecTBeHHaro 6m%. O^aa fl8'b bhii bocbtb HasBaHÍe: 
„MMH^'^. Osa o6pa30Bajiaeb bbi KBTaficBBx^ busoaU^bx, caacaB- 
niBxcfl on noJiBTflqecRBxi BeypflXBi^^ aa poAHfli, SisaBBiBx^B npe- 
CTynHBsoFb, AO^OBOJíbBEixi BOJiORHeTOBi H TyseiiBiix^ HaB^JBLJp- 
eRBX'b BacrymecRBXi njeMOBi. GBBsyfoinBMi i^eveBTOMi ajih btbxi^ 

pasHopoAB£ix*B BJieMeBTOHb 6iua o(!iuflocTb EiflBBJHdaiÚH. Mbhh 

npocTOJíOABBH KBaBTyaa. Jípyrafl rpyona — „i^b" — cocTaBJHen sBar 
Mf^BBoe BacejieBÍe, Roropóe oCpasoBajocb bsx BOfiCROBoro cocjobíb, 
yqpe»A6BBaT0 BtfnepaTopaMB MBBcnott AHBacTÍH (b^ kobi^I XV n 
Ha^an^ XVI BŠRa), h nojyqflBmaro saROBByio oprasAsaiuio npB pojio- 
Baqa.ibBBRaxi OBja^^Bineit cfeepo-BOCTOHBOio nacTbio KBTaa ^afi- 
^BBCRofi AHBacTÍB. 3BaMeHBue npn csoett nepBOflaqaiLHoK oprass- 
saipB, ocTaBineficfl 6e8'B B3MÍBeBÍa no Hacroannee spenn, 6tíJiH pas- 
A^jieHir Ba Boceiib sBaneBi^, Ram^oe m% xpexi oipa^OBi, o6pa* 
dOBaBfli]xi» Bd-B jiioAefi oAHHasoBUXi sapoxBOCTefi: Hafl%Ryp'by mob- 
rojOB^ B RBTafiqeBx. SBaMesnue cooTB^TCTByiOTx HameMy Rasanbeiif 
mcjiobíko, ch Timrb paB^B^ieirb, hto se HniioTb onpe^A&iMTOfi b^ 

CTpaBŠ TeppBTOpÍB^ a »BByTl> CM^maBBO Cl npOCT0;iH)AHBaiIH. Blb^ 

npeA'6jax'b KsaBTysa aflaMeanoe BacejreBÍe crpyno^poBawcb OBa»> 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



pyCCKlfl EHTAi, 659 

ropoxa Il,3HHb9Soy, oQpasoBaei ci npHJieraioiii^HMH (|)yqsoycRHM'B 
H CDflHCSBirB ospyraBiH ^y^yTyHCiBO, h oso^o ceseHia IQytiinHHHiy 
Bs iiHTH BepcTazi B^ c&Bepy OTB QoprB*ApTypa, fa*]^ HaxojiHjocK 
yiipasjesie caiBsa, T.-e. sa^ajibHHRa Rptua, naiioiAHHEa ({)yAyTyHa. 
KpoH']^ Toro, Bocejieflifl sHaMeHHuxi TAHyics nojiocoK B^OJb no^TO- 
Boft AopoFH FyaHAao E9b IIoprB-ApTypa ^epesx I],8HHiiq»oy b 
^yuKoy sa Hassay. ^p(^a aia y pyGeftHX'B BOCHrB BasBaBÍe „MaB- 
AapBHCBOfi". SaaiieBBiiifb 6íijh xaau o6uiHpH£i£ bobcría nacTÓHQ^^ 
fluflš pacnaxaflflHi sa bbbii h wcrbio saBATUfi MHBaMB. IIpflBB- 
^rÍH 3BaHeflHiix'b, no cpaBBeBÍH) cb npocTo;iK>AHBaMH, saBďiaqaEOTCfl 
Kb 8BauTejU>B0 ÓoibBieMx denejbBOJTb eílx^í, MeHbBrem OBJaA'i^ 
noxaiefi, Jibroran npa soHBypcBuxx aBsaneBaxi aa y^esyio CTe- 
seflb B BpeBiiyBKecTBax'b srb cjiyse6H£ixi BaBjuBAaxypaxi*. lífl ooa* 
uiBu Boeasofi ciysfioft, bo bo Bpeiia ciyssóu nojiy^aiorB coAep- 
jutaie cepeÓpoMi b sepBioirb. Coc^oBÍe i^b aacjiiACTBeHBO, bo sto 
SBaBÍe Moryrb BOjyqsTb b npocTOJiiOABBbi ByieMi ycuBOBjeBÍa hjib 
sa oco6iifl sacjiyrfl. HeciiOTpa Ba pasjía^Bufi njieMeBBofi cocxas^ 
mu;by odpasoBaBBíHxi sBaMeBHoe Bace;aeBÍe9 B:b Bacioflo^ee spěna 
vb 6UT0B0MI OTBomeBÍB OBO Enm^wb Be OTjHsaeTCH on apocTO- 
jioAHBOBx. TojbBo y aeBa^BB'b sajiťbqajOTCfl B^OTopufl ot^b^úi wh 
OAesA-b, a raBse orcyíCTByeTB oóu^afi ypoAOBaaifl bopb, pacapo- 
CTpaBdBBbifi ueas^Y BCf&ira seanuiflaMB cocjOBÍa mhbi. JIho^i, npa* 
flaA^eauuitBX'B bi xpyrBifb npHBBJíerBpoBaBflbíMx cocjioBÍaM'b KHTaa — 
BimepaTopcBoify xoMy b Becbiia MBomiH)ABOMy ABopaacTBy, — aa 
KsaBTysi Be BM^eTca, a y^Bue h Byni^u oeo6ux'b cocjiobíě bi^ 
JíamA se cocTaBiaioTb. 

BuTh BHTaifaqeB^ BupafioTajca B'b re^eBÍe aicB0JibBBX'L xucaqe- 
A'ríŘ oÓoco&ieBBofi xb^bb. C-b iiesanaMaTBux^ speMeai ceMefiaoe 
Ba^ajo (nbmo BOďoa^BO y BBTajSu^eBi bi ocHOBasie Bcbx^b sHTefi- 
csHX'b OTBOmeHÍft By noBpoBBTOjibCTByeMoe pejierieli, saBOBOMi b 
ipaABiúefiy HBCBOJbBO Be yTpao^BJEO cBoero BBa^eHÍa bo cifo nopy* 
C% iiepBiiX!b Bpo6jiecBOBtb CBoero cosBasia BBxaei^ qyBCTByex^ 
rbcwbimjiD CBasb xe^sAy co5oh), oBpyaíaioB^BMH ero jHaaMB b 

AIHBBiaťb pflAOMl CBOBXl BpOABOB^. ŠaBaBBIB, TaBBM'J> 06pa30M'b, 

yroToraBBoe eay cyAbÓofi mícto, BBTaeii'b Óbáhmeio qacT.bK) npo- 

BOAHTO^ CBOK) SBZBh Ba aTOMX tf^TŠ, BHXOAB IHBIb B^b BCBJSOqu- 

TejbBHx^ (Uiynafixi hsx onpeA'^BBbixx paMOB'b iiipocosepaaflia 
eBOflx^b &ni8BBX'By TOiBO onpeA4^aH)iiiaro ero o6ii^ecTBeflBua b ce* 
Melfiiifl oxBomeBÍa. RaiBAuft BBTaeu^b, ^iiepi ceMbB b sa^acTyio 
MBoroqBCjeBBOfi, cocToarb bb oojibom^ BOA^BBeaÍB rjiaBEi b cxap^ 
vmsh 94eB0B% ea. HepiAra ceMbB b'b 30 — 40 nejiOBinirbj bo acip^- 
WH)TCfl ceMbH B 601^6 MfloroHBCJieBflua. G% pociom ceiibB yse- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



660 ^ nCTHHB^L BBPOmi. 

jHqHBaeTCfl ,9HCJ0 pa6oTHHB0Bi^ H 6iarococTOflHÍe ea BospocTaen; 
no3TOMy, BasAoe npHpan^eaie ceiieftcTBa BcipliqaeTCH ch pa^ocTBio. 
Ciapmifi ^ABWb ceubEj ecJiH toibko 5oJišaHb ejlh apixjoctb ue jb- 
maerB ero (Joapocth, pysoBOAHTB bcíhh ^'^aMH h flBjmercfl vh ce* 
uefiíHuxi ccoparb h neypflAHi^ax^B cyxBefi h DpRMHpHTeieii%. CKipa- 
D^eHÍe SI BjacTfliTB cb sajioóofi aa AOMamflHxi 6iiJ0 6h nosopom 
AJífl ceMBH H caMoro sajioÓii^HBa. npHH'ipii Heno^HTeiBsaro otho- 
meHÍfl B^ poAHTejiflMi h crapmeMi spaSse prbxsH h HaBJKKaiOTi 
ea ce6fl ocysA^eie ofin^ecTBa h npeeii^^OBade no sasofly. 

RHTafiCBaa Heo^Hna jHmena BCflBofi caMOCTOflTejbaocTH h 
BcerAa HaxoAHTCfl noAi onesofi Hya^HHii: OTi^t, Mysa, (Spaxa, CHHa 
H npo^.; daiíysBifl cecrpu cqHTaH)TCfl HCiuHy^eHHUMH hsi ccmbr. 
TaB*B BaBi ceMBH sHByii 66jBmeK) HacTBH) HepasA^JBHO, uh a^ 
jE^TCfl eu^e npH sresee otujbl, to cyxBÓa bj^obu h ea AOiepefi nocjrik 
CMepTH rjaBu hhcbojtbbo ho M^Haercfl. F^aBoS combr CTaHOBHTCfl 
CTapmífi cuHi. KHTaficBafl JBeHD^Hna npc^OAHii^ qo^th sce cBoe 
BpeMH AOMa; spoH^ paGoTB no xosfliCTBy, ona HcnojiHaerB nenie 
TpyAHUfl nojieBUfl paÓOTU, cotinpaerB lonjHBO h npo<i. B% 6ojáe 
saacHTO^Huxi ceMBflxi Bc6 TpyAHifimifl AOHamnifl paóOTU Hcaoi- 
HfliOTCfl CJiyraMHy npeHify^ecTBenHo Mys^neaMH, a na aojoo sen- 
n^HHi ocxaeTCfl naAsopi*, mHTBe, BunraBanie h yxo^i sa fíbrhEE. 
B% &bji,nuxi> se ceMBfiX'B ^seHO^HHii TpyjiflTca itb nojíš napaBni 
CB Mya^qHHaMH, npnqeMi Bsypo^OBaHEMfl norn ewl Mon^be iri^ 
maiorB, q^m 8to hosotb BasaTbCfl. He mria, HasoHe^B, x^^ 
BH']^ ceMBH H AOMamHflTO xodflftCTBa, BHTaftcBHMi seen^HnairB ntn 
HHEaRofi HaAo6HOCTB BxoxHTb Bi CHomeBÍe Cb nocTopoHBHMH juoxbmh; 
no3TOMy, pasroBopx (^b Mys^nnofl, He*poACTBeQHHROMi, a TbE% 
6oj[ie ero noci^n^eHÍe, sasi hh^i^mi ne oapaBAQBaeMoe, c^Braeici 
o^eHB HenpHJiHqHEiMi nocrynsom. Xota senotHHa óeanpasHa n 
ceuhi H oÓmfiCThi, ho cyxBÓa ea bobco ne ropecTna. OfiuKHOBeHHO 
BHiaficBafl ceMBfl snaerB ;(pysHO, h ecjH seHB|HBa caiia ne bo- 
opymaerB AOManiHHX'B npoTHBi ceófl BaupRsaMH h cTponTiBOCTBK)| 
TO ee HHBTO He ofinsaerB, a MyaKx uoith Bcer^a othochtcb b% 
Hofi CB yqacTÍeMi h saCoTJHBOCTBio. 

QacToe xosAenie bi focth o^unaeMi ne o^oópaeTCa. dTHserB 
Tpe(5yerB, qTo6u BHTaflHBa, bbixoaa hs^ A^ny, tfikiHJíacB, pyMBHB* 
jiacB E noABpaniHBajia ce6Í ryÓBi h 6poBH. RpoMŠ no^reHifl n 
CTapmHMi, rjiaBB^Kmifl seHCsifl Ao6poA^TejH cocTaBiflR)rB — cynpy- 
acecBaa b'Íphoctb h i^^ony^pie ao saiiysecTBa. HapymHxenHHi^B 
noABepraioTCfl cTpo^safioiHiťB HaBasaHÍaMi; nanpoTHBi, seanpiHH 
CesynpeqHHa 0Bpy2caH)Tca noqeioirB, a in> ocotfuxi eiy^aarB, Borfla 
Hxx Ao6poA%TejiH BucBasajHCB apBO, HiieHa hx'b bi HasHxaflie no* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC. 



PyCOKlfi BHTÁ^. &6 1 

!roMCTBy, uiBtmHBaioTCfl Bi xpaiiax^B. CaMH BBTaflHSH yqacTBH) 
CBoefi He TflroTiiTCfl; HecMOipA na chaa^ě ofipasi a&HSHB, ob*! nojL- 
dyjorcB 6bjibmei ^utcrbio xopomfliťB 3AopoBbeMi h AOďCHBaiarE jsf) 
riy6osofi CTapocTH. 

06iiHafi ypoAOBaBÍH HorB y KHTa8cRHX'b seHn^HH^s — BecBHa AaB- 
HflTO npoHcxosAeHÍ£ H Buievhj HecHorpfl na HeoxofipHTejiBHoe otho- 
Hieflie MaHqsypcBOfi AHHacTÍH, 6ojibinoe pacapocrpaBenie. Kasi 
yjEe ynoMHHaiocB, ohi ne Bcrpi^aeicfl cpe^H seHii;HBi» cocio- 

Bifl Ufí. 

CroBopi uoMOAUTh jio^ett npcH^o^HTCfl vb meBb paHHeMi 
BospacTŠ, HO CBaAB6a eoBepmaeTCfl bi nepio^^B BOSHyauuocTH 6pa- 
Hyn^HXCfl, nanie Bcero MesAy 18 h 24 ro^aira; ho HHorxa cay- 
^aercfl, hto Bospacn seHHxa h neB^Tu ne npeBiimaerb 13 jAtb. 
DpH 6pa&i BsaHMHafl csjohhoctb fb pascqerB ne npHHHMaerca, h 
^acTO MoiOABie jnoxBy ao Ópasa, Apyn Apyra ne bhabti. IIpHAa* 
Báro Myzy HOBo6paHHafl ne dphhochtb. Bi pŠASHxi cjy^aaxi 
ceMbfl fieB^CTH npHHHiiaerb na cěúa CBaAeÓHiie pacxoAu. CBaAB6a — 
eaxoe óoiBnioe TopsecTBo b^b shsbh KHiafii^a; nodTony ohi cxa- 
paexcfl ompasAHOBaTB ee bosmosho myiiH^ h Beeeate. 

MfioroseHCTBO He saopeqaeTCfl hh penHriett, hh sasoHOMi; ho 
Maao pacnpocrpaHeHo no ^HCTO-npaisTHqecKHHi cootfpaseHÍairL. Ha 
EBaBTyni oho Bcrpi^aerca kkri, HCBJíio^HTeibHoe aBJíeHÍe. B'b 
(kxiBmHxi, Hepa3A'kiBH0 sHByo^Hxi ceMBflxi MHorosencTBo oahofo 
iflqa HapymaerB HHiepecu Apyrnin ^johobi, noveny BCTp']^HaerB 
Ch Hxi» CTopoHii npoTHBOAMcTBÍe. B% BHAy HMyn^ecTBeHHuxx ne- 
yjsfióCTVhj CBflBaHHuxi co BTopH^BUMi H npoHHMH dpaBaiiH, SaBOH- 
HHfl »eHH oxoTH^ jifix>rb CBoe cofjacie na orspiiToe cosHTejB- 

CTBO HXl Kysett Cb HaiOSHHI^aMH, nOTOHCTBO ROTOpUXl HHRaRHXl 

HpaBi Ha HMyn^ecTBo OTqa ne BMterB. ^"^th otb Btoporo Ópasa 
DOJiBsyioTCfl MéHBmell Aoaett npH HaaiÍA(>BaHÍH HHyn^ecTBa, ^ím% 
fbm OTb xpeTBflro 6paBa. 

PojsxeHÍe nepBaro pe^enKa, ocodaHBO cuna, Bcrpi^aeTca cb 
éojihmoŘ paAOCTBK) h conpoBosAaexcfl oRpmecTBOiii. CraTB a^- 
AOMi, jsflAeŘ H BooÓqe crapniHirB poACTBeHHHROH^ — cqHTaeTCfl rh- 
Ta&i^iiai OHeHB no^ernuwb. fijiaroAapH paHHHM^ 6paRaMi, hosho 
BCrpiTHTB CeiíBH Bl> ^OTUpe, HBTB H KMíe mecTB noROJiinifi. 
Biífl, AftHHoe peÓeHRy npH posAemH, ne ocTaercH HeHSMŠHHUiii 
Bo BCX) SHSHB. Jl,'ÍBymeBi npH saifysecTB'^ nasHBaiorB ApyrHiii 

ElšeneWb UyShB HJIH HXI pOACTBeHHHRH. CoÓCTBeHHBIfl BMeHa B'B 

oj^HiqajibHuxi cay^aflxi He ynorpe^jaioTCfl, a saiť&HaiOTCfl co- 
OTBŠTCTBeflHuifH HasBaHÍflHH HO OTHomeHÍH) Kb OTi^y, HyaRy, 6paTy 
H npo^.; AO^b TaRoro-TO, cecTpa Taaoro-TO. y iia:ibHHBOBi a^tcroo 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



662 BftCTHHB^B BBPOaU. 

HMfl ocTaeTCfl AO BCTynJiema bi> mso^y, faš xaercfl HOBoe hhji^ 
saxiM^B BHOBb M'&HfleTCfl npH sReuBTh^y no€Tynj6HÍH Ha rocy^ap- 
CTBeseyio oiyasóy h aojiyqeHÍH yqeHOfi cxeaeBH. B'b AByxi nocii^* 
HHxi ciyqaflx^b uMena yRastiBaiorB ea cjyseóaufl h yqeHUfl ao- 

CTOHHCTBa BHOBb HaHMeHOBaHHarO jIHi^a. 

KpoMi HMeHl), (SojbmHBCTBO RHTailiieB^ HM^Eorb nposBHnpt 
(„xap"), BOTopufl ynoxpeCjiflioTCfl bi* ApyaecKHXi 6ecÍAax'b h ne- 
o^^^HiiiajibHbm CBomeHiflxi. DpocJiaBHBniiflCfl na BaEom-HHÓyjiL 
nonpHii;'l~yqeHOM'b, cjiyse6H0Mx, hjh BaBi xyAOSHHSH h nodxii^ 
uoji^^9JOTb emfi ocoóbifl naHiieHOBaHifl (^i^upi"), hxi xapasxepH- 
syion^ifl, — HanpHiť&pi, KoH4>yiufi Buievb HaHMeBOBaHÍe ^HHse'', x.-e. 
neRyniiftcfl o&h HenojiHeBÍH Aojra. 

Rasi HH BasHa ajih BHxafiua 6paqBafl aepeiiOflífl, o6pfl;rB no- 
rpeĎOBÍa Hiiiexx juin aero eme fiojbraee dBa^esie. Mflorie npHro- 
xoEiflH)X'b rpodi sapaste h oxua^uBaioxi AeabrH na cboh noxo- 
poBu. Bcer^a 6epesjiHBbi% RHxaeqi ae dHxaex^ moxobctbomi aa- 
xpaxHXb Óojihmisi AOBbrH bb rpoGi. IIo oxBomeBÍK) fti yiiepnieify 
B(r6 poACXBeHHHi» sadoxflxcfl, moóu c% nosBoB BoppeBXBOCTbio bh- 
nojiHHXb CBoK AOJin. IIoBottBBRa oocA^b CMepxH OA^BaioTb B% jys- 
min ojifiTRmj caMH o(5aeRaioxcfl wb xpaypBua oiai^a (Gtiaro i^bítb) 
H rpoMRo npoflBJífliox^ cbok) ne^ajib. Haopab fjm axofi ^iJIH na- 
BMuaioxcfl HJiaRajibn^Hi^u. Saxiiii HAyxi> BOssHraxb icypenifl b% sy- 
HHpHK), MOjflCb tíoraMx O noRpoBBxejibCXB'& xymb noROiiuaro. Ha 
xpexiK HJH qexBepxtiJi jifiah Rja^yrb ero bi rpo6'b, BaA'B Roxopfim 
^exaexii bojihxbh mobbxi, npH y^apaxx roara; y Óoraxux^b ^reaie 
MOJiHXBi conpoBOSAaexcfl sayHUBHofi MysuBott. £Ď4bniaa hjb Méob- 
man ntimBOcxb noxopoB'B saBHCHTi* orb Aocxaxaa yMepmaro. Ilocjii 
o«xH — ceMH AHefi rpo6ii BecyTi> aa HOCHjRax!b noAi 6ajiAftXHH0irb sa 
RjaA^JHB^e, npH orjyuiexejibBbixi BaBUBaaÍBXx, njant, rpoM'6 pa- 
Rerb H xjionynieRx, MysiiRi h yA^^ax-B bi roarb* 

Ji^ň AyniH, c^axaiooj^efi cbohmi AO.iroiťb npoBOABXb ao MorBJu 
x^o, Bi ROxopoM'B OBB JBBjía, Hecyxi oco^Eifi najraflRHH'B. QpH 
onycRaaiB rpo6a b^ MorB^iy, myMx ycHjUHBaexefi ao spafiBHn ope- 
A^^OBi. Ilocjii axoro bcš BOdBpan^aioxcfl a^a xpaoera wb Aom 
BOROltBaro. B^ Coraxuxi eeMb^x'B rpoďb ao norpeóeaifl ocxaaABion 
aa BpeMB oroio roAa wb caM0X'b aomí, aa ABopi bjle yjtm^. 

Cufli H 6jiH2Kafimie pOACXBeaaaRH noROfiaaro bocííti xpaypib; 
BpeHA H aopflAORi^ ero Homeaifl onpoA^-iaioxcfl ocoChmh nomoase- 
aiflMH, Heco&moAeaie Roxoptixx ne xoJibRO nopaivkexcfl oÓH^e- 
cxBOM^, ao H BBi8iiBaexi» o^íj^Hqiajibaoe npecjiÍAOBaBÍe. Tpaypí 
Hajiaraerb h3bšcxbbih oÓBsaxejbcxBa aa jmufi^ ero Bocaaiee: yw< 
Bfiifi ae Moaiexi dBsaueHOBaxbCH aa y^OByio cxeiiOHb, ihbobbíis& — 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



pycoBifl MTAtt, 663 

HcnoiiBaTb CBOH o6fl3aHHOCT0; HenpHJHiHO TEBse y^acTÍe wh npasAae- 

OTBSXl. 

y eBpoHeiii^eB^ cy^flooiiixi^ no bsbícthoS hm^b mnanH b^ óojíl- 
mflxi noproBEix^B ropojiaxt, cocraBBJrocb MH^BÍe o Kpafieefi pas- 
Bpaa[;eHflocTH RHraficsofi aseBmHBu. IIpH Óojie ocaoBaTeabBoifB 

SBMCOHCTBŠ Cl> KHTaeiCl — npHXOAflT^ Kh coBepm^BHO oÓpaTHOMy 

sauDHeaiio. ^Ma TepnBMOCTH BCipt^aiOTOí toibso 2% noei^ae- 
]fHX'B esponefiKaiiH nopTOBUxi ropojiaxi, bi Roropiixi i^x^ieno 
Taxse MHoro opamjiaro pa($09aro ryseMaaro Hace^eBÍa, nepeÓBsaio- 
K^aroca hbo jiEa vb j^esb h ne HM^fon^aro bošmoshoctb xyMaTb o 
cenefiHofi SH8BH. DpocTHTyTBH w^Ójíotcs epe^H 6ŠABŠfi[nHxi> KJiac- 
oovb ropojiCRoro Dacejemfl, taí^ vbí^ahicb cxpamHafl Hyac^a, h 
r^t ;uH n Horiixi sean^FB pasBpaTi ecn eABHerBeHHufi bcxoa'^, 
^Toóii BdĚřbtEjTh roJipAHofi cnepTH. EspaneSmi nacio BOsnymaiOTea 

T^HX, ITO fl^BOTOpfilfl H81 apOCTHTyŤOR^b HH^IOTB líJW^ H A'Í&TeKy H 

BTO o6oTOflTej!bCTBO npHBHMaeTCfl sa pasBparB, rocnwTByiomift wh 
ceMefiHoft XB^BM BHTafii^a. Bi ÓoumHBCTBt cjiy^aeB^ Tasafl sea- 
H^HBa osasHBaeTCfl baoboS, HCBByo^ Ch caxarejiewhy KOTopufi b'b 
TO ae Bpeufl — ea cjiyra b opaBaB^BKi. KpoMŠ xoro, ^acrt npocxfr 
TYTOirB oocTaBjraeTCfl naBynn^HRaMB A^xefi. TaBaa noBopean apo- 
Aasa BoeHpeniaeTca saKOflom, ho oóuqafi otbocrtca ri než chb- 
cxoARTeiibHO. lípa npoxaas^ pcAaiejiH o6uRHOBeHHO sejaiOTrL hb- 
(SaBRTb CBOEX^h jííbreŘ ovh 6%ahocth h oÓoiba^afiOTefl noRynnviROHi^ 
yvbpBtom,BMT^ ^to oh^b npaCTpoHn hxi pefiesRa npacjiyrofi, a mo* 
jRevh 6uTby H OTAacTi saMys'^. 

Hs^k rjy(k)Ro opoHRRHyBinaro b^b sbshb KHraáqa ceiiefiBaro ea- 
^aja BBiTeBaiorB MHoria ero AOCToancTBa a He^ocTaTRa. HeycTaHHO 
OffB TpyABTCfl aa cboom^ rjio<ir£ Benda, ^toůvl ao6htb upoQBTaaie 
eemhiy a AOCTaraerB eBoam xpy^OMi BaMtqaiejiBBBixíB pesy^ia- 
TOBTL. OrBasuBafl ce<5t bo sceMi, qrd ae cocTaBjraen y^OBJíeTBO- 
peaifl ero QepB-MniHxi Dorpefiaocrefi, BBTaeq^ RonHxi jífiWbVB, ro* 
Topoa yjiOTpe&iflerB oa nocrpottBy A0«a jím moítoahx^, aa no- 
RyaRy pa6owro CRora, h ecjia A^aerB cRonaJiocb AOCTaioiao, to 
owb npERyniTB yiacTORx seujia. ^SKaByniafl aepaBA^BHO, tíMSfflaa 
RBTaficiiafl oeHBfl aiišerb oSiuyio Raccy, Ryxa iiocTynaiorB bc^ sa- 
pa6omHHHfl vrjeHaHB ceMBH AeaBFH. lípa TaBax'B RanecTaax^ xa- 
panrepa Bara&qa a npa CBOSBBo^aaÓyAB (liaroapiaTaux^ ycaoBÍaxi, 
BirrafiCBÍH ceiiui nep^ARO AOCTBraioT'^ sasaTO^aocxH. Raiaeui b^b 
paéoTb Rpafiae HeAJaTejearB, ho asypaTeni*. Majiaa npoHdBOAH- 
KMhíBO€Th Tp7Aa RHTaitRa, no cpaBaeHifo c^ eaponefisieMi^^ Heocno- 
pmia H BftBHCHrB OT^acra otb MéfiBmefi MycRyjiBHOfi chjbi h Bnep- 
iWj wréy VB CBOH) o^peAB, oÓiHcafleicfl D^oxaiirB oHranieiíx. Bi 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



664 BiMTTHmrb KBPOim. 

paóori npoflBjfleTCfl xapaBTepeaji oco6eHHOCTB BHTaSi^KB, CTpe- 
Mfln^Hxcfl saM^HHTk coo6pa»eHÍe ceopoBRott. CeiiettHafl shshb xib- 
jLserb RHTafiita droHCToiTB H CBonHAOMOiTB; n03T0iiy co(lia8H'B no- 
ayTOTb JiHniHioK) Bon'6&Ry qacTO notfysAaen ero bx o6MaHy. 

v RyjbTb npeABOBi, othoca H^eajiH SHiafiiut vh npomjOMy, hb- 
juiercfl upH^HEOfi BpafiHaro BOHcepBaTBSMa, no6ysAaH>Q^aro ero 

OTHOCHTbCfl Cl HeAOB'épÍeMl» BO BCÍMI HOBmeCTBaXl H BilCOBOHÍpHO 

BO BceHy HHOseMBOMy. EpafiHee HeB&KecTBo, rocnoACTByioii^ee b!^ 
Maccb HaceseRÍfl, cnocoóCTByerB jerBOBÍpÍR>, Cb BaBEiii npHHH- 
MaioTCfl TOJinoK) BCflBÍe Heatmie pascBasH, ocoÓeeHO ecia ohh sa- 
caiOTCfl HHOcrpaHi^eBx, b HeAOBtp^RBoiiy oTHomeHÍH> bi HessaBO- 
uuui>, a tímx ÓojAb HHOCTpaHi^aMi*. Ro bc^mi, bto Baserca 
BHTafiqy onaeBBíM^B m BM^erb vb HeMy BBBoe-BBÓyAB x^o, oas 
OTBOCBTCfl ch jiyBaBOTBOMi* B HeAOB^píeiťL; nojtosp^Bafl onac- 

HOCTB X4fl Ce(5H BJIfl CBOBXX 6j[B8BflXl, OWh yBŠpflerB, no BH- 

qero ae ssaerE b BB^ero ae noBBMaerb. Toibbo Mtpu crpo- 
rocTB A^aioTB ero 6oaie npaBAflBuiťb b OTBpoBeflfliiM^b. yoi- 
ABBDiBCb, ^TO onacflOCTB jiJiň Hero Be cyn^ecTByerE, BBTaeiTB xi- 
jraeTCfl ycjyasjíBBuiťB, b, ecMB ero ae ocTaflOBBTk, nepexoxBirB bi 
4)aMBJiBflpB0CTi>, a Hflorxa b bx sarjocTB. Bx o6a;eMrB, BBiaei^ 
npeACTBBJífleTi* co6ok> cm^cb Ao6poAymifl cb naxajiBCTBoifB b sa- 
AopHOCTBK). Ecjifl OB*! nojy^aeTB ysipesBOCTB, ^to eiiy ae aaii^ 
peau x'^aTB aeapiflTaocTefi, aapymaiB o6uueBi b nocsraTB aa 
ero AocTOflflie, a ecia obi* BB^arB, hto aa^i bbmi ctobtb q[>inBaa 
BJiacTB, to cx bbmx JierBO ycTaaoBHTB caMUfl ApysejiH)6aiifl a nap- 
HBifl OTHomeaifl, saROBUfl a ycTaaoBBjflCB TeaepB y aaci aa EaaH- 
Tyai. 

RflTaei^ — óojihmoŘ jasoMBa aa BBycayio BBBiy, ao au^kb otb 

HOTOBCTBa, Vh BB^y CBIBAO paSBBTOFO qyBCTBa ÓepeBUBBOCTB; Bfl- 

Taei^ ae oÓaapysBBaerB cbjobboctb bi Baay, ocoóeaao bi hoio- 
Aue roAH, a sanott aja Bero coBepmeaao aenoaflTBoe flBieaie. Sbto 
y Miioraxi BBTafiqeBi pasBBTá npBBUiBa Kb Bypeaiio onlyna. Toibbo 
ÓoraTue ik>ab, Rypfl^^e Bucmie ero copT&, ae tbbi Bpexao xift- 
CTByion^ie bb opraassMi, oraecBTCn Kb Bypeaiio oaiyíca cb xjbabo- 
BpoBÍeH^ jiioÓHTeiefi xoporBX'B carapx. Y (5oJBmBacTBa xe By- 
pBjBB^BBorB, BTflayBaiRxcfl vb 9Ty apBBUHBy, Bypeaie oniyMa xb- 
jiaeTCB nocTeaeaao aeapeo6opBMOit crpacrBio, paxfl yxoB^eTBOpe- 
aifl BOTopofi BypBJíBB^Bi BB apeA'^ q^Mi ae ocTaaoBBTCfl. 3io- 
yaoTpefijeBÍe oaiyMOHi aoboabtb qacTO xo aojaaro yMCTBeflaaro 
a ^^BSB^ecBaro pascsafi^eBÍfl. OÓqecTBeaaoe Bataie otbocbtcx 
Kb 8T0fi apaBu^B^ Cb aeoxotfpeaieMi, a BypflJBBfflBfl ae JíoÚavh 
coBaaBaTBCfl bi* caoefi ciafiocTB. Rypeaiio oaíyifa npexaiotcfl wh oco* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



PFCOKiň rhtaS. 665 

6uTb saeeAemflxi, ihcso rotophx'b b^ pasHiix^^ npHTOHax^ nop- 
TOBiixi H Bootfo^e 6ojihmETh ropoAOBQ^ — SBa^HTejBHO. £Bpone8- 
tsie Ha6iH>AaTeiH bi Kurai/ bh^ MflorBX'^ sypejB^HKOBi bi sa- 
Bexemflxi, npaxoAflTi vh josHOny safijnoveHiio o qpesBiivafiHOMx 
pacopocTpaBeHÍH BTOfi crpacTH cpexH MTafiaeBi Booón^e. Ha ca- 
Mom se xbjAj cpe^H cejiBCBaro eacejieHifl RypeHÍe oniyMa Majo 
pacnpocrpaHeHO. C^ npHÓuTÍeMi vb EBaBTyni reH.-Maiopa ^. H. 
CyÓOTBU, nepBaro HanajiftHHKa RBaBTynauu^ nojyocTpoBa, hm^ 
6iuo cx&iaHO pacoapaseHÍe o Bocnpen^esiH npHBOsa ooiyxa b% 
DpeA'bjii saBflTOfi aaMH TeppBTopÍB, upE^ewb 6umm yBBqTOseflu 
6osi>muL oapiÍH amyiia, ROTOpiifl nuTajiHCb Bseera KOBTpaÓaBAOio, 
H 6ajiE saspsiTii bcí saBe^eBÍfl jifiň sypeBÍB. Mosbo npeAooao- 
m»rhy HTO, npB Be;ff0CTaTa9B0<rrH ^baobi nojBij^eficKaro aa^sopa, 
xypeBíe oniyMa Bce-raRB opqbbboahtcji bi» TafiHuxi npBXOBarb, 
BpeiieBBO ycEOJiBsaion^Hxi otb aa^sopa iiicTBaro BanaucTBa. 

HecMoi^fl Ha orpBi^aTaiBBoe OTBomeflie sasoBa b oÓn^ecTBeH- 
Baro HH^BÍfl Kh asapTBHiťB BrpaMi; 06*6 oneBb pacapocrpaBOBti 
xase cpexB 0%AHÍfiinefi ^aera HacejeBÍB, TaB'B sasi BBTaei^i — 
HrpoK% orb npBpoAH. Oco6eHHO ry^BTejrbBofi oo cbobiíi peay^b- 
TaTaiťB npeACTaRsaeTCfl a^a Bace;ieHÍfl srpa bi CaaRi, Tasí Baasi- 
Baenafl „CaBRóBsa'', BOTopaa lOTBTCfl vh TafiHun BropBuxx ao- 
Maxi. ďLepTBaMB Brpii flBjsBiDTCfl ÓŠAHHe zlacen b pa6o«de, ae- 
ýkMfio ocTaBJIflH)^^e vh pysaxi óaaROMeTOBi Becb CBoá sapaCoTOBi. 
Bi» BTopBbixi AOHaxs BCTpitiaH>TCfl caMue xy^mie aieiieBTii o6n^e- 
CTBa, xoTH BBorAa oRasbiBaioTCfl yBje^eHHHMB arpofi b npeACia- 
BBTejra cocTOflTejbHiix'B RjiaccoBi. Hropaue AOMa aa xeppBTopia 
KBaaxyaa npecjitAyioTCH aapaBai c^ saBe^eBÍaMB a^a Rypeaifl 
OBiyna. 

Tearp^b cHBTaeTCfl pasBjíeiieHieifb oqeab nojesauirb a aoctoS- 
BHiťB yBaseaifl. JI^paMaTypra a RoanosaTopii apoaiaBJfliOTca aa- 
paaa^ ce yqeauMB, ao aa asTepoBi cnorpflTb cl npeae6pese- 
BÍeiťb. CMíiRBOBeHBo BX'b oóywiorb ci luuioiiTCTBa. Coxepsa- 
TejiB Tpyani ni»o6p'&TaK>'rB peÓeBsa noRynBOfi bjib no^BiAaion. 
OcoÓeaao npeAOcyABTejibaHiťB Raserca sarafii^aMi acnojiaeBie sea- 
aaxi poieft itys^HaaMB, ^tó, o^aaRO, npaRTBByercfl bcsdjíj B'b 
cŠBepacirb RBTa'6. IIocTOflBaufi Tearp^b aa KaaaTyBŠ cya^ecTBO- 
wkJTb TOJibRO Fb noprb' ApTypt. Bi aacTOfla^ee speifa bi aeM^b 
aoMin^aercB iiarpoccRaH Haflaafl, a Bsaii^a^b ero Bucxpceai irber- 
BMWb npeABpaaflMaTeseai aoBnň Teaxpi. 06iiRaoBeaao npeAcxaB- 
jeaifl x&Borefl b^b aacejieaaiixi iť&craxi bo BpeMeaabixi Tearpaxi, 
npBqeiTB aácRopo ycrpoBBaercfl asi i^bbobori (porosx) OTRptiTaa 
ci^eaa. Jl^fl ci^eabi nacTO aoibsyfOTca aopTHRaMB Rynapeai. Tea- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



666 »CTHHin> KBPOim. 

TpayibHUfl ^eBopaz^ÍH np^MHTHBHii, a caeBH^ecBÍe npieiiH otu- 
qaiOTCfl Tasofi ycJiOBHOCTbio, ^to ueapHBuqH&tt »pHTejb ee noBH- 
unerh npoHCxoAflii^aro Ba cujče^. npeAcvasjí^Bifl Efljrb (Sesocra^ 
BOBO^BO, AHem H BO%io; OBE AOAJKBu 6iiTb B6flpe]iŠBflo onepflHfl, 
noAX aBBOMnaflHMeBT^ opRecrpa; pasroBopu AonycBaioTCfl To^ibso 
vh KOMHHecBBXx H^CTaxx. F^aBMyK) pojib Bi opsecTpi HrpaiOTb: 
roflCB, lapejKa, Ror^oodpasBufi ĎapaOaBi h iBCipyMeHTu vb po^ 
CBpHaoBrfa, ^lettTu h 6oJihmuí ji,yAÍjníB. B% aafierRtecEHXi wh- 
€Tax% opsecTpi ycsopnerB leMoi b A^b^nt^TCfl orďyHiflTeibBHJťs, 
npHqeH'b Kaso^BÍB CTaBOBHTCfl BeBiiHOCHMofi. TeaTpii vb RHrai 
B'b nojiflOM% CMBicji'6 cjoBa o6o^eAOC7ynesx. Becbiia qacio .(JoraTue 
ZBTsAnfij seiafl CA'&JraTb npuxBoe cbohhi corpasAaflaiii, buos- 
euBaioTb sa CBOtt t^erb rpynny, Koropaa A^rb 6e80JiaTfliifl apex- 
CTaaaeflia; b BasAufi, yjy^BBi cboóoabob Bpeiffl^ Bxerb nocno^ 
TpliTb npeACT&3Ji6BÍe. 

Hrpa B% maxMaTu noiBayeTCfl Óo^boiRMi yBaseBÍeirb b ííwbevb 
paeopocTpaueBie xaa^ čpeAH opocraiioAflHOBi. Kuxafiiiiii roBopím, 
MTO 0orfl nocTOflBBO pasB^esaiaTCfl »TOfi Brpofi b say^BU eft ro- 
cy^apett rjy(k)BOĚ ApeBBOCTH, bx Boropum oTBOc&iflCb oveab xpj- 
sejiofiBO. 

HecMOTpfl Ba óojíbmoe pasBOoÓpasie MysuBadibaux^ Haerpy- 
iieBTOBi, nysiiBa y BBTafiaeBi ae B0Jiy4Hjra paaBBTÍfl a Be aojib- 
syercfl ocoGhmi yBaseBÍeMii. TojibBO 0ABB'b BacrpyMearB ^i^flflrb'', 
poAi JiOTBB, nojfbsyeTCH noqeTOiťb; BBpryosu BCipi^aiOTca toj^bo 
fla dTOiťb BBCTpyMeBrb. Paca^Baib ctrxb noA'b aBBOMDaBBMeaT^ 
aflBa AJfl yqeaaro cqaTaercfl óojibBiBMi AOcroBHCTBOirB. Hai* Apy- 
FBXi BucTpyMeaTOBi Gojíie pačnpocTpaaeHu: ({kiefira, „afl<$a^ (pox% 

I^BTpu) fl ,Xyi^BB'L" (pOAl CBpHDBB, yaOTpeÓJLfleMOtt J^Jlň aBKOMOBr 

BBiieaTa npa niaia); ao rjiaBBoe ii^bcTO b% opseerpt saBHiiaiorb 
roHrb, BOJiuBsa a Óapaóaa^. Iliaie, spoMŠ TeaTp&sbaaro pe^H- 
TaTBBa, Majio pacnpocTpafleao cpeAa aaceieaiB. Mys^aBU p^BO 
BOiorb; ecjfl boíoti B'&CBOJbBO ^e^OB^s^, to BeapenlHao b% yua- 
coBi. yifiBÍe n'&Tb <|iajrbiieTOirb apaseacrca 6ojibniaM% a^^ctobh- 
CTBOMi. Bcxp^qaiOTcu AOBOJrbso pasBooCpasanfl iieJOAia, bo 6ojibmmsh 
CTBO axi aenoBflTBEi b ae oco6eBBO npiaTBu ajul esposeScBaro 
cjiyxa. Ha TopsecTBeaaue o6íau CHHTaeTea o^eBb cooTBÍTCTBea- 
BbíMi oparjianiaTb npo4)eccioBaj[bBux'b aisai^*, pasaseBaiOB^íx^B 
CBOBBi n^bnieu^b no^eraux^ rociefi. 

no83ÍH B^ Karát ocoÓeaBO ysasaeTCfl. DoaTu ciBtaiOTca Bsépae- 
BBBaaa aeCecb. B'b BarafiCBarb noBTaiecBaxi npoaBBeAeflíarb ot- 
cyxcTByerb paexa; cTHxocjoseaie ocuoBSfBaerca aa nepioAH^CBOMib 
qepeAOBaaia sayacai a tobofb, i^aiitaflion^BXx yAapesie B'b uo- 



Digitized by VjQOQ IC 



pyccKifi KMTAň. 667 

BarB, 6ojibnieio ^acTsio oahocjoshuxi hjih cocTasHurB. C^HraeTCfl 
TftRxe 6aTBmHM% HCByecTBOMi Taftoe ^epe;^OBaHÍe cjobi^ ^to6u 
Wh cooTB^TCTBeHHEirB cTHi^ H míctš ohh coriacoBajHCB MesAy 
€o6ofi na BHyrpeBHeHy einicjiiy. Hanp., ecjra sHraflCBÍfi ieporJiH(|KB 
OBHawerE „nefio^j to eiiy Moryii cooTB^TCTBoeaTb ieporjtHij^ 
^sejLu*", )»ftA^^ H T. A* Bi BHAy TasHxiy Tpe6oBaBÍfi Teopiu nodsia, 
BciycerBO CTHxocjoaeHÍfl xoerynbo Jiamb JiHi^irb, ocHOBar&ibHO 
SBaBOMinrb cb ieporj!rH4)necROil nHCbMeoHOcrbio, B[8£nqH0S csoBeo 

HOCTbK), a BOTOMy 3HaK0MCTB0 CO CTRXaifH C^HTaOTCfl npH3HaK0irB 

o6pa30BaHHOCTH. Bi> BHaTHuxi ceiie&CTBax-b Aftse x^BymxH sayu- 
BaH>rB CTHXE HaHsycTb. Cthxh HHTaiOTCii HapacaÍB% cb ycJiOBHofi 
AHRokfi H TOBHpOBairíexi; npoH8BOAflii^0M% Ha ciymaTeifl, bi oco- 
feHHOCTB ecjiH TreHÍe conpoBosxaeTCfl Brpofi na i^HTpi, cBoe- 
o6ps3Hoe, He jiHmeHHoe npiflTfiocTH BneuTjÍ(HÍe. 

EHTaficsafl hhboohcb oTjiHueTCfl CBoeio ycJ0BH0(rn[>K> h npe- 
RMyn^ecTBeBBO ^pnaerb CBoe coxepsaHie Hd'B HcropiH wrn Udo- 
fipasaerx oefisasH, i^b*!?!!, pacTeHÍa h shbotbuxi. JKaepoBofi 
;íchboiibci eoBd^M^ bítb. JÍyÓo^HUfl BapTHHu bi ÓOJihmoa^ pac- 
opocrpaBenifl, xasi Basi BHTattnu jiotiflrB yicpamaTb bmh cbob 
AOMa. EapTHflbi pHcyioTCfl ceniefi bjh aBBapejibio; u&usbuh BpacKB 

B naCTeiB BSB^CTEtl MTall<»Hlťb XyiOSHBEaiťb. 

CEyjibaTypa cyn^ecTByerL bi ^opni ByMHpoBx, opsaneBTaJSíb- 
EBTh yapanieHift m^b s^aBÍtt b Ha^eHbBHxib CTaTy9T0B'L. droro 
HCByccTBa, Barb xy^oacecTBeeflaro Biipaseflifl mucmb, tíe cyn^e- 
trrByerB. 

3oAiecTBo vb HacTOflD^ee Bpeiifl HaxoAHTCfl y Baralli^eB^b aa 
HB8Bofi CTeneBB pasBHTÍfl. Bi npeffbiaxi EBaBTyHa, spoH']^ 8*6- 

OMXIbBflXX ByHHpeHX, HBBaBBX'b AOCTOflBUXl BHBliaHiH 06pa31tOBX 

BB cyo^ecTByeTB. ^oiia cípoATca no ma6;iOHy. ^Bepa h óyMaacHua 
OBHa o^EiKBOBeHHO o6paiueBu aa K>r£; ctšbh— rjiyxÍH. áo^oBHHy 
BaaAoS BOMffltTB saHHiiaeTi „Baai'' — lenjiafl jesaHBa, na boto- 
pofi Bil sBSHee Bpemi cbatb. ?acTo Bnepe^H bxoahuxx ABepefl 
CTOflTL (ocoÓjIbbo y SHaMeHHuxi) ctíhbb Cb yBpameBÍHHH hjih 
ieporjiB4)aMB „$y" — c^acTbe. 9tb ct^hbb npenarcTByiorb arairb 
xyxaM'b npoHBBByib b% aoitb. Crpoaxi BBTafiipi HpesBiiqafiflo Be- 
npo^HO. 

no nOBflTÍflMl BHTafil^eB*b, A^BflTb SHaBifi BlfÍK>T'b 603BeCTBeB- 

Hoe npoHcxoaBAeHÍe h ^apoBaflu jiioajihi ci Ee6ecT>: BOH({>yi^aH- 
CBaa AOBTpflsa, Me^Hi^HHa, BCByccTBO oupeA^&aflTb „({)EiHmya" (ycjo- 
Bifl, 6jiaronpiflTCTByK)QtÍB qejOBÍBy), mpT> orraAUBaTb cyAb6y qaio- 
Bibsa, yií^Bbe pncoBaTb ceniefi^ yii^Hbe pacoBaTb BpacBaMB, dyx- 
xifiooe j^ejúB, AaocBBMi, Brpa aa i^bhí h b% maxMaiii. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



668 VACTESKh BBPOnU. 

Jlio6o6b Ri pOAHOMy OHary sar^ymaerE bi BHTafii%£ ^bctbo 
naTpioTBSua, Boropoe napo^Hoá Maccott noHHMaercfl secbica cicyTHO. 
HanpoTBBi Toro, vb cípaHi o^eHb sRBa H^ea HaqionaJibHOCTH, 
qxó saBHCHTi 0Tb cosHaHÍa poACTBeHHuxi CBaseĚ eeMettcTBi 
He^BAy C06010. EHTafi, KaRx rocy^apCTso, ne HnierB nocrosH- 
naro HasBaHÍfl, a HMeHyercfl po^osofi ^aMHJiiefi i^apcTByton^eft xh- 
nacTÍH. QonyjflpHO HasBame „í»yHro" — cpexHHBoe rocyxapcxBo; 
jHTepaTypHoe ero HasBaHÍe ^Xyaro** — i^Tyn^ee rocy^apcTBO, a 
Bi BHCOROMi ciorl „TseHCfl" — noAHe6ecHoe« OreiecTBO oros- 
xecTBJífleTCfl Bx cosHaHÍH RHTafiReBi ne cx npexciaBieHieirB o 
rocyAapcTB'& h ero BepxoBHofi BjiacTH, a RaRib o po^HHŠ, mícto- 
npe6uBaHÍH ceMBH h HoriurB npexROBi. OTHomemE RHTaSipi Kh 
HMnepaTopy ne Buxoxflrb sa opex^u noBHHOBeHÍfl no xojrry B&p- 
HonoAA^BHOCTH H o^xl^Bi^aiBHaro qyBCTBa yBasenifl, BaR% tmbjA 
ciapmefi hsi ceMefi, cocTaBJíflioniHxi Haiuio. IIo cbohmi noHfl- 
TÍflMrb RBTaeqi npe^s^e Bcero AMSiewb 6hti> ooTrHTeiBHim ch- 
uowh H xopomnifb OTqoMx, ^a sai^Mi^ yse BÍpHonouaHHiiirs. 
TaRoe MB'lHÍe ohx ocaoBUBaoTB xaRme h na OTenecTBenHoft hcto- 
pÍH, ROTopaa noRasiíBaerE, hto rocy^apcraa, npecrojoi h AHHacTÍH 
pymarca, a ceiiBa croarb HesHÓjeMO. 

TaRoe paBHO^^yniHoe OTHomeme RETafii^eai k^b cbohmi rocy- 
AapcTBy H npecTOjy> roho^ho, ne uorm Biipa5oTaTs y hhx<b bohh- 
CTBeHHuxi BaRjroHHOCTefi. KameiTB ae cmotpetb aa BOftay Rasi 
aa aaiúoaajBBoe a^o, a RaRi aa apasxy caoero npaBHrencTBa 
ci npaBBxejiBCTBOMx Apyroro rocy^apcTBa, npEHHau ROTopofi eiiy 
BeasB^CTBH, a pedyjBTaTii Óespaua^aii. Ecja se t6, ROTopurB 
aasEiBaiDTx aparaiía, ae oÓHsaiorB cenefi, ae aapymanTi 0611- 
qaeai crpaau a pacnjiaqBBaiOTCH sa ycjyra, to RBTafiipi Óesi 
R0je6aHÍfl npeAnOHTyTb axi cbobitl Bca^ecRa npBT^caaion^Hm 
coJAaTaMi. Ho Tpycaifa RBTafineai cuTaTb aejiBSfl. Obe, aanpa- 
M^p-b, OTBasaue nopaRa; xopomo pyROBOAHMue, oai ae OTcraiorb 
OTE cBoero aa^aJisaBRa. Bi wbcre^ib Bri^shbo, yBJteieBBHe apa- 
M^poMi nojHi^eftcBaro npacraBa, RBTafiau ÓpocajacB opecjrlxoBaTb 
Boopyseaaaro pasGottaBRa, ROTopufi aaaecb aiii xoBOJibao THsenui 
paaii. 3a STon no^Barb ÓuBaiiĚ aa^ajBBBRi KsaEryacRaro noxy- 
ocipoBa, rea.-jellT^ ^. H. CyÓOTR^i, aarpa^ajii etl cepeOpaBioiH 
MeAajíflMB a bacaná; cbobmb aarpa^aHa oaa qpesBs^a&ao rop^arcfl 
a BtisHBaioTb HyacTBO saBflcra vh TOBapaa^axx. 

KBTaiicRoe Hacejeaie, Rpoict asBiejett Rpynauxi axMaaacTpa- 
TBBBuxi* aeaTpoBi, ae ehíjio yB^peanocra bi nojaoft 6e8onac- 
aocTB CBoero cya^ecTBOBaaifl. Bjiacra nacro Óuxa ae wh caiaxi 
cnpaBRTbCfl cx ÓpoAfl^aMfl, fiesooRoftauMa BjeMeHraHa, apoxiniLiflK)- 



GooQÍe 



Digitizedby VjOOQI< 



pyccRifi BHTAJR. 669 

n^MH rpaóeseiťB h pa36oeii%. OÓciaHOBKa bi 9tom'b OTHomeiiiH 
o^HB He6jaronpÍHTCT60Bajia RBaHiyHCsoHy nosyocTpoBy co Bpe* 
neBU flnoHcso-BHTaficxofi boShu, ao saeflTifl ero pyccsHMH. U^^jha 
maftsH H3i 6^rjiix% hjih OTnyHieHHiix^ BHTallCKHX'B cojíAaTi 6po- 
fjBum QO crpaflt h Hano^^uH Taxofi crpaxi na sHreiefi, hto npo* 
mjio He Maio BpeneHB, noBa ohh yB^pH^nneb bi 6e3CHJÍH xynry- 
80FB nepexx pyccKOio BJiacTbio, nepecTajiH cspiiBaTb etl otb npe- 

ei^XOBaHÍfl H CBOHMH ysasaHÍHMH CnOC06CTBOBaiH HXl yHH^TOJKeHÍH) 

H BOXBopemio CesonacHOCTH vh CTpaH^. ílomMJOui}RCR orb Bpe- 
MCHH xo BpeMeHH maftsH ^pMBpyioTCfl Vh HefiTpajibHofi noiocfi; 
syxa H CKpuBaioTCfl nocjri^ Ha6fira. 



U. 

PejHrá.— JKeHcsie KOHacTHpH.— IIpuBAHOBaBie Hosaro roxA.~noqHTaHÍe npexsoBi.— 
MaroMeTaHCTBO, KaToraiecxBO, npoTeci;^HTCTBO h npaBociaeie sa KnaHryH-b. — BHcmafl 
BjacTB Ha KBaHTyHt. — BoiocTHoe h ceJUCKoe yopasjesie.— y?pexx6HÍe rpax^iaHCKaro 
ynpa&ieHÚí. — TopMaaa xjrii BCflKofi nameft jíiaxeiBHOCTH; nepesoA^HEH.— KniaficKoe 
o6pa30BaHÍe.— y^pez^eHÍe nymKHHCKHxi mKOJi. 

Pemífl RHTaficBaro Bapo^a o(5paBOBajacb bsi cm^ch Tpex^E 
npHSBaBHHXi Vh RBTa*! B^poy^reBÍfi: BOB4)y^iaBH3Ma, (5yAXHBMa h 
xaocBSMa. noHHTaflie hxi bi hhctoh'b bha^ coxpaBfleTCfl bi RBxai 
cpexH ocoGhxi oón^HB^B, flo noMOBesie nanaTB KoB(]^y^ifl CHHTaexcfl 

04H|>BlÚaJBfl0H> 06fl8aBB0CTBK). Bl> KSi,7RJlflWh BpynBOM^b ítAMHBflCTpa-- 

TBBBOMi líeBxp* — Bi> saBflTofl BaMB ^acTB KBaBxyBa, Bi ropoA* 
r[3BBk^soy — BOCTpoeBi Bx ^ecTB ero xpaMi, r^i CTapmifi ESh 
rpasxaBCBBX'B hbbobbbbob^b coBepmaerB ciyseBÍe I-ro b U-ro 
HBCJia Basxaro iffacai^a b 6'l Bsmeuii 2-otl h 8-oě jyBEi, Bh 
„CTacTJiBBHe XHB*', oBpext^fleMHe acTpojrorBqecKHM'B BpBKasoMi. 
KyjibTb KoB4)yiíú[ bo Bceft ero bojibotí cocTaBjrflerB xocTOflBÍe 
TOABO OABHxi yHCBHXx. UocjiixoBaTejiB yqeBifl Jlaoi^sH (^aoca) b 
ÓyMBCTU rpynBBpyiOTCfl bi BeMBoro^BCJieBBHXi MOaacTKipflxi. ]ífi,ocu 
BMiřOTB poffB Ótjraro flyxoBeBCTBa(„AaofflB"), acHByn^aro b'b ópaKÉ. 
B'& Eflia^ cyB^ecTByrorB TaKate aescEÍe MOBacTupB, bo bx npe- 
X^axi saBflTofi BaMB reppBiopÍB hx^b bííti). Bojismafl ^acxB By* 

MBpeBX Ba KsaBTyB^, BI OCOČeBBOCTB vb cbBepBOŘ qacTB, flpB- 

BaweasHTB Kh CywftcBOMy BipoyqeBiío, ocraJiBBHfl — Kb ;íaocBOMy. 

BOJIBmÍH ByMBpBB Bl IIOpTB-ApTyp^ B TSiJíÍeEBB.ll% SaBflTEIfl BaMB 

no BaĚMy, 6u^n xftoccBBMB b no^BsoBajBCb 6ojibmoŘ bsb-j^ctboctbh). 
IIpasAHOBaBÍe BOBaro ro^a ^oj^^ho spo^^ojinaiBcn bbcb nepBufi mš- 
cňixh. Ci oco6eBBHMi omBBJíeBieMi npasAByeTCH 18-e ^hcjio btb 

Tom V.— Okmbpb, 1902. 43/ic 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



670 BftOTHHJCl BBPOnU. 

^ecTs ÓotTHHH IIl8HMyHflHHflH'B, noAaTBJíBHHmi 6jarococToaHÍfl H no- 

KpOBHTeJlLHHIÍlI A'ÍTOpOaBAeHÍfl. Bx dTOTb ]SfiEb Kh DpaSAHOBaBÍH) 

AOHycBaioTCfl h seHn^HHu. Uo^HTaHÍe npe^BOB^B y siiTafti^eB'B aa- 

XOAHTCfl Wh t6cH0& CBflSH (TB B^pOBaHieiťB Wb SarpotiflyH) SMSBh H 

nepecejienie jiyurb. Jl^a HcnojiHeHifl cBan^eHnaro AOJira MoieHÍň no- 
TOMCTBa o cyxb^^ npejifiowh bi BasAOMi AOirb HMŠeica ajTapb. 
RyjBTB npexBOBTb ipeóyerb coBepmeflk noMHHajiBHiixi^ npasAHH- 
Eowbj ycTpoHBaeMux^E easeroAHO 0AHH'b hjih jififi pasa bx sas^ott 
H8'B KyMHpeffb. Cpe^Hee mšcto Mes;^ npasAHHKaifH h 6yxHHi(H sa- 
HHHaiOTi AHH noMHHOBeHÍji yconniHxi. HenpHcyTCTBeHHuxx AHefi bi 
KHTa'& HeMHoro. Epoirl ^nefi, aocBflnieHHUxx naiíflTH RoH4>yiafl} 

HenpHCyTCTBeHHUMH AHHMH npHSHaiOTCfl „AHH MHOrOdliTÚI OCO($l 

i^apcTByioniaro ^OMa^. BcTynjieHie na npecrojii, ahh poa^emi 
HMoepaTpHi^x, cynpyrH h ifaTepH, npasAHyiOTai ne HaceieHÍeifE, a 
^HHOBHHKaiiH, yqeHBUíH, BOo6mfi BC^MH cocTOfliAHMH npH npasHTejiB- 
CTBeHHiixi y^pe»A^HÍHXx. Bx are ahh bi oco^hx^b noMinieBiflxi 

COBepniaiOTCfl qHHOBHHBaMH MOJieBÍH npeA^B XaÓJIHI^MH (TB HHe- 

HaHH i^apcTByfoo^Hxi jHi(i. MaroMeTaHi na KBaHTyH'& o^ens Majio. 
Bi apeA^&jaxi pyccBofi qacxH KsaHiyHa HH^eTCfl HeÓojbmoe ^hcjio 
BaTOJHBOBX, oĎpan^eHHuxi* A^fliejiLHOCTSio MyKAeHCROĚ ÝpaHayscKoi 
MHCCÍH^ KOTopafl pasciiaTpHBaeTx bch> K>sHyH> H cpeABioH) MaH- 
qsypÍH) Kasi eoHCBOncTBO, a sanHHaeMyio HaHH TeppHTopiH) npe- 
HHCJifleTB B% CioflHCBOMy npHXOAy. KpoMŠ Toro, Bi noprb-ApTypt 
co BpeiieBH flnoHCBO-KBTattcKofi BO&HU nposHBaers ^aTCKafl npo- 
TecTaHTCBafl mhccíjí, HacqHXHBaion^afl H'6cBOjibfio A^cflTBOBX ofipanieH- 
HEixi TyseMi^eBi. Bx HacTOfln^ee BpeMfl ^oJtseai 6iiTb pasp^meHi 

BOnpOCB o nOSBOJieBÍH BaTOJH^eCRHIIX H npOTeCTaHTCBHM'L MHCCiflm 

3% apeA'£jiax'b EBasTyna npio6pÍTaTB senejiBHyH) co6cTBeHfiOCTB h 
T. A* Cyn^ecTByion^afl Heonpex&ieHHOCTB bi OTEomeHiflxi* pyccBOt 

BJiaCTH Kl HHOB^pqeCRHMl pararíOBHlIlťB MHCCiflMX MOSeTB BJLO- 

HHTbCfl JiHinb fio BpeAy HamHxi HHiepecoBi. JI^jisl y^OBjeTBopemu 
pejHríosHiixx norpeÓHOCTeá opaBocJiaBHaro HaceseHÍfl nepBOHaqaJiBBOo 
6ujn» iipHcnoco6jeH'B a^a i^epBBH oahhi hsi nopTOBuxi capaeBi. 
Dosse renepajEi OyÓoxHqi pacnopflAHJicfl nocxpoftBOio i^epsBH bo 
HMfl CB. HHROJiafl, BOTopafl H 6uJidk ocBfln^ena 9-roifafl 1899 roj^a. 
^0 npHxo^a pyccBHXi, Bucmaa BJiacTb Ha^^b jlno^yHCBEifL aojy- 
ocTpoBOMx H RBaHTyflOMi DpAHa^^esajia npojsBBaioiiieMy b'l ropo^i 
MyK^efii i^3flHb-i^3K)HK) H 610 BMHHH), MicTBoe se yopaBieflie 
HHflimHett pyccBoK ?acTH KBaHTyaa saxoAHJiocb vh ropoA^-I^SHHK- 
qjEoy. Oflo pa3A&íflJiocb, bi saBHCHMOCTH orb npHBaA^esHOCTH Ha- 
cejiesia ki> jsfiywb cooiobíbmx, sa jifii qacTH: aa ynpaBJíeme »SHa- 
MeHHbíMi^ HacejieHÍeMi, hjih BoficEOBoe (d^h), h na yopasjíeme 



Digitized by VjOOQ IC 



PyCCKlft BHTAft. 671 

rpaxAftHCsoe, B^AAsmee npocToaiOAHHaMH (Mfleaira). Soennaa Bjacxb 
H ynpaRieHÍe sHaMeHHUMH cocpeAOTO^HB&sHCb bi pysaxi ^^yAyTyea, 
vh ^Eui renepajia, h ero amhha, HaxoAHBmHXCfl bi ropoA'^ Ú^SHHb- 
qsoy. FjaBHoe ynpaBJteme CTpaaoB co BpeiieHH noAHflTÍfl pyccBaro 
^ara fb IIopTb-ApTypt npEHa^jesajio 6iiBineiíy BOMaHAyH)ii;eMy 
THxo-oseaHCROá dCBa^pott ROHTpi-aAMHpajy JIjyÓacoBy, ROTopoMy 
noA^iHHfliíca BpeMeHHO-BOifaHAyK)mifi BofiCBaMH KBaHTyHCsaro nojy- 
ocrpoBa reHepajTK-Maiopi Bojbob^b, saB^AUBaBiniĚ xaKme rpaasAAH- 
€BHifH A^AMH CTpaHu. J[jia HenocpeACTBeHHaro ynpaBjeHÍH rpas- 
AaHCBHMH x^JiaMH HasHa^eHi 6uji% AparoMaei neBHHCBoá AHnjo- 
naTH^iecBofi mhccíH; r. RoiecoBi*, soTopuĚ saHEMaicfl, Rpoirb xoro, 
HcnojHeHÍeiťB AHUJOMaTflqecKBxi nopy^emfi, h npH laBOMi nojo- 
aseaiH A^a bi Hame ynpaBJíeHie nocTynHjH ({)aBTHHecBH jihiiib ro- 
pOAa noprb-Apiypx h TajdeaBaoi, ta* Cbiih yqpeaABHH nojiHi^efi- 
csíjBi yopasjíeHÍfl. Bcb se ocTajibHafl CTpana HaxoABJíacB bi nojHOM'L 
bía^híh npesHHxi BHTafiCBHxx BJiacrefi, npoAOJisaBniHxi CBoe a'^o, 
saBi* 6yAT0 ee 6ujio HHBaBOfi nepen^HH ynpaBjemjaí. Bi bohi^^ 
1898 r. cocToajocB y^peatA^Hie no speMeHHOMy mTaiy OBpyaaoro 
rpasAftHCsaro yapaBJíemfl wh cocTasi Ha^ajibHHBa oBpyra, ero no- 
Mon^HHBa, A^onpoHSBOAHTejifl H AByxx npHCTaBOBi. O^pyrb Óujtb 
pa8A'i&iíeH'b Ha abb npHcraBCTBa, c^BepHoe h losHoe, pa3A'&seHHHfl 
rpaHHi^eH) no Il^sHHbqsoycBOMy nepemeliBy. MšcxaMH npeÓUBama 
npHcraBOBx 6ujai BsÓpanbi: c^Bepnaro — r. BHasHBO, ioasnaro — 
noA'B CT^naMH I],3HHbHsoy. BojiocTHoe h eejEbCBoe ynpaBJíenia 
ocxaBJíeHu 6u^r neipoHyTEiMH; ^Jiň pyROBOACTBa bojiocthumi ciap- 
niHHaifb H cejbCBHiTb CTapocraiťb HSAanu 6hjih na BHTafiCBOifb 
ňsuKb HHCTpyRi^iH, cocxaBJíeHHUH BpaTBO, npHM^HflHCb Kb pyc- 
CBHMi* saBOHonojoseHiflifb, a canHifb HaqajbCTByioa^HM^ jifli^aM^b 
6iijra BbiAaHH napysnue SHasH hxi SBanífl, bi BEji^b Cjiax^b ci 
HaADHCAMH no-pyccBH H no-BHTaňcBH. Oapy^sHofi HaqajrbOHBi h 
npHCTasa na^ajiH nocTenenHO saÓHpaxb bi cboh pysH ynpaBJíeHie 
HacejieHieiTb, OTrlcHaa man sa maroHx i^SHHbqsoycBaro (j^yAyTyna 
H npHCTaBa, BOTopue HanparajiH bcš cujiu bi coxpaneHiK) CBoefi 
BjracTH. Bopb6a dra 6uji& oqenb xpyAnafl. C'b OAHoň cxopoHu cxoílih 
BopeHHue, HaipoH&ibHue npaBHxejiH, BecbMa MHoroqHCJreHHEie, bo- 
xopue AepsajiB B'b cbohxi pyBaxx »H3Hb h cnepxb, h Boxopuirb na- 
i^ejieHÍe FbBaMH npHBUBJío noBHHOBaxbca fieBnpeBOCiOBHO. C^ Apyrofi 
cxopoHu 6ujiE H']&CBOJibBO 3aMopcBHX'b npBmejbi^eB'b, ne snaion^Hxx 
Aase flstiBa n, o^obhaho a^ bcšxi, ci Hajioň BjracxbK), xaBi aaa^ 
ne HorjH sasnexb. Bticmyio cxenenb HanpflseniB rjiyxaa 6opb6a 
9xa AOCXHrjia 23-ro h 24-ro aBsapa 1899 r., BorAa, uoa^b bjíh- 
híom^ it3HHbqsoycBHX'b Biiacxefl, npoHSonuo Boopyssennoe cxojibho- 

43* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



672 raCTHHBl EBPÓnU; 

Benie nacejieHk (tl BOficRaMH y ceseHm JIiyi^3flit8flHb. UocjA dxoro 
Afcjřo líBHHb^ffloyciíeB^ fiiuio npcHrpano: ohh ^noTepMe jihi^o" 
nepe^i Hace;[eHÍeM'B. Bi (|)eBpaji'& xoro se ro^a jHpeasAeHO Cklio no 
BpeMeHHOMy; se niTaxy rpas^AHCKoe OTjsjbjíeEie niTaÓa bi cocraBi 
HaHajn»HHKa or^^jenÍB, ero noMOn^HHKa h A^jionpoHSBOAHTeifl, ea 
ROTopoe, CB npH6£iTÍeMi B% anp'jbj'6 qHHOBi ero, h Óujse BOSiOseHiii 
A'&iá rpasA&HCRofi BaHi^ejflpiH. KpynHuiťL TopnasoMi BCflsoft x^n- 
TejbHOCTH na KBaHTyHŠ 6íjjo h ocTaercfl HesHame saiíH RHTafi- 
CBaro flsuBa h BnieBaiomafl h8'l Toro Beo6xo;^MOCTB ofipan^axbCfl 
Ki> nepeBOA^^HKaiťB. ]ífl6u noAroTOBHXB BOHTHHreBTB JBi^, dsaionpirb 
BHTaficBÍfi flsuBi, resepaji Cy6oTH9'L Bomejii ci xo^aTaficTBOM^B o 

nepiOAHHeCEOMli BOMaHAHpOBaHÍH B^B IleBHHl H'6CB0J![bBBX'B O^^H- 

itepoBi Ha cpoB^, AOCTaTOHHuĚ JÍ4B ycsoenÍH pasroBopearo^ a 
OTqacTH H nHCBMeHHaro asiiBa, ci tími, ^'£o6u jusuisl oth boo* 
cji^ACtbím MorjH saHHTb niTaTHiifl if&CTa ne tojibbo nepeso^^HKOBi, 
HO rjiaBHBíMa^ odpasoiťB no aAMHHHCTpaiuH HcnojiHHTeiBHOft. ^SíS^fi se . 

npHXOAHJOCb AOBOJbCTBOBaTbCfl nepeBOA^HBaMH-BHTaftl^aHH, Ha BOTO- 

piix^B HOJissfl ÓiiJO bhojhí nojaraTBCfl. BoficBa bb^ajihcb ;(airoe 

BpeMB eABHCTBeHHUlIH npeACiaBHTeJflMH pyCCKOfi rpaS^aHCTBOBHOCTH 

H HHTejiJHreHi^iH na EBaHTyH']^. 

H Tenepb uHorie noennue ^hhu necyrb canun pasHOofipasHiifl 
rpas^aHCBÍfl oOflsaHHOcxH, qacro ne ociaBJHfl npH 9T0Wb h cbohx^b 
upflM£ix'B. TaRoe nojosenie ne Moserb, ROHenno, c<rHTaTbCfl Hop- 
uMhEuuT>y HO, B^poflTHO, OH^e u^o6]í,eTh He Majo BpeMOHH, nosa 
rpasj^ancRoe ynpa&ieHie, RaRi npaBHTejibCTBeHHoe, hukl h o6ii^e- 
CTBBHBoe, nojryqHTb ORonqaxejibHyH) oprannsaiÚH). KHiaficRoe oópaso- 
Banie saRJiioqaeTCfl, RaRi hsbšctho, bx Bsy^enÍH ieporjiH^Hqecsoft 
HHCbMeHHOCTH H oÓpasi^OBi cjoBecHOCTH. Oho COCXaBJfleTb no^TH 
HCRjfOHHTejibHO y;^•6JI'b MysqHHi,— naBceMi upocxpancTB^ pyccKOft 
qacxH KBanxjHa ne Ha^A^xcfl ^Byxi-xpexi aocatrobi nojyrpaMor- 
Huxi seHH^HH^b. nepBOHa^ajbHoe o6yqeHÍe RHxafiCRHXx y^eHHKOBX 
npoHSBOAHxcfl B% npaBHxejbCTBeHHHxi, oÓn^ecxBeHHHXx h HacxHuxi 
mROjaxi. .ď^oBaHbe yHHxejfl noJiyHaiorB, wh saBBCHMOCxH otl 
CBoeň ynenocxH, ox% 150 py6. h óoji-ie bx roflx. IQROibHufi bos- 
pacxx ygeHHBOBx — nes^y 7-k) e 15-k) ro^aMH. ELiaxa sa y^eme 
npoHSBOAHxcfl cooÓpasHO cpe^cxBaMi po^Hxejiefi: Óoraxiie niaTAxi* 
10 py6. BX roAx, Č^AHue — 2 pyd. bx ro^x, Bx npe^ijaxx pyccsaro 
EBaHxyna Hiďbioxcfl bo mhofhxx lúicTSiTh nacxHUfl hirojtu, A^^onua 
djieMeHxapHoe oOpasoBaHÍe. ^hcjio bcíxi> hirojix na RBanxyH^ onpe- 
;iiJiHexca npH6JiH3HxejibHOŘ iíH(í)pofi 50, a macjio yqenHBOBx — 800. 
^epesx RasAHe xpn ro^a bx r. MyK^eHi npoH3Bo;íflxcfl uYÓJmHBsaí 
HCHuxaHÍfl yqeHHROBx, sejiaio^Hxx nojy^HXb no ROHRypcHony as^a- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



PFCCKífi KaTAň. 673 

MCHy, nepBjTK) yqeHyio creneHb „ciyiíaa" („paci^B-feTaiomaro la- 
jiaHTa"); CBeprB tofo, H']bBOTopaď qacxB h3'l jiyqmHX'L KOHsyppeH- 
TOB-B noayqaeTB SBaHÍe „HmaHi" („oMHMarb CTy^enudL^). Hmíio- 
mjuTh cieneHb „ciyi^aft" b% pyccKoíi nacTH RBaHiyna ne 6ojie 
COTHH. Cj-t^yromaa yHeHaa cxeneab ^íocTHraexca no aKsaMeny bx 
IleBHHi; ona HasuBaexcH ^i^sioňseHb'', htó osHa^aerB ^aiOB^sa 
noAHaBmarocfl (ai JiocTHseHÍK) hcthhh). ?hcjo jiíiu,t> aroro SBania 
Ha EBaHTyH'1 He npeBinnaerB xecaTH. SaiŠMi cJii^yfOTB cieneHH 
„qBHHina", T.>e. Bomexmitt vb I-ft BJiacci y^eaiixi, h, HasoHei^i, 
jXaHbJHHb* — aRaxeMHirb, — botopha í^ocraraíOTCfl cx 6ojKbmHirB xpy- 

XOMl. 

IlepBaa pyccsan mBOJia 6ujia oxspiixa 27-ro íjoha 1899 ro^a 
vh BHasHBO Ha ropoACRÍa cpeACxaa. Kypcb ea AByxjiixHiSi, o6yqeHÍe 
(SesHjaxHoe, c^ BiiAft^eK) CesojiaxHO se bc^xx y^eÓHHROBi. OxapEixie 
ea npoHBonuo npn xopsecxBeHHOtt o6cxaHOBBÍ^. MicxHuifb nace- 
jeHÍeiTB y^peJM^HÍe sxofi hibojiu 6ujio Bcxptqeno BecbMa coqyB- 
CTBeHHO, H HHCJio y^eHHBOBi HiiH^ ÓojAb 60-xh; hobhmi sanaio- 
niHiTB npHXOAHxcfl oxaasiiBaxb, sa HeAOCxaxaoiii Mtcxa h cpeACXBx. 
RpoM'b pyccKaro asEiaa, y^eHHRH otfy^aioxcfl saxaScKofi QHCbMeH- 
HOcxH, 068% sHaHÍa Boxopofi oepeBOA^HBx He Morb 6u HcnoíHaxb 
CBoefi oÓasaHHOcxH. yqHxejbcaifi cocxaBx cocxoajib hsi HcnpaBjaio- 
n^aro xoJisHoeTb HŠcxHaro npecxana nopy^Haa PaBHCi-IlHrjieBCBaro, 
OAHoro HHSHaro ^Hna, oEonqHBmaro AByx'B-BjaccHoe yuiHH^e, a 
xauce npenoxaBaxejia-BHxatti^a. Ha ropoACKÍa cpe^cxBa, a xaase 
Ha ^^eHbFH, BEipyqeHHiifl npH npasAHOBaHÍH naMHXH A. C. IlymBHHa, 
nocxpoena bi IIoprb-Apxypi^ fiesoiaTHaa niBOJia HMenn nodxa ftia 
HajiojT&xHHXi xixefi Bcixi cocjOBifi Ha 40 yqeHHBOB'B H yqeHHi^^b, 
H npH Heft oxAÍJieHÍe A^a SHxa&CRHXi ^xet na 30 qejiOBtsi. Rpoiffe 
xoro, npH KHxattcBOHi oxA&ieHÍH mBOJiEi oxspiixfii Beqepaie sypcii 
XJfl Bspocjnixi BHxaňi^eBrb. CTysAft vh hiboji^ js^sa pyccaaro Hace- 
jenifl Óiura y^^OBJíexBopena fb IIopxi-Apxypi yqpesA^HieMi no 
lacxHOfi HHBiQaxHBi nymsHHCBofi HaqajibHofi HiBOJBi. Sax^Mi no- 
ca^AOBaJio pacnopasenie Bucmaro noennaro na^aibCTBa oxapuxb 
Bi^ IIopxi-Apxyp']^ noAroxoBHxejbHyfo msojiy B^AOMCxaa BoenHaro 
HHHHCxepcxBa. 06n^ee ^hcjio pyccsHXx ^'bxefi maojibHaro Bospacxa 
6hUío Bx 1900 roAy 86 qeJiOBÍ^Bi ofioero nojia. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



674 BftCTHHKl EBPOmi. 



m. 



KiHMaTH^ecKÚi yciOBiii.— BpaneÓBafl noHonib, 5oiÍ3hh, He^HcronjroTHOCTb RHrafti^ein.— 
nepBHJi pyccKÍA 6oj[BBin^, aicÓyjiaTopiji h BoeHHue rocmiTaiH. — IIoHBa h y^oópeme.— 
3acejreHÍe h seMejBEse Haxtjni. — Jífi^ zaisH bi roA%, o6pa5oTKa seiuii, nocšvb^ y6opu 
H HOJiOTBÓa xjii6oBx.-*HapoxHoe npoxoBoiBCTsie. — OropoxeniecTso. — Ca^OBOACTBO — 

RjHMaTHqecEÍfl ycjroBÍfl na RBaHiyni ee MoryrB 6bitb HaseaHH 
ÓJiaronpÍBTHHMH a^a s^oposbA. BiícoRan jAtessí leifnepaTypa bu- 
siiBaerx ciy^aH cojHeHHuxi y^apósi, a wh cbash cl o^H^bHiDiH 
oca^BaMH cnoco6cTByerE pasjoseHÍio oprauHqecBHrB Ben^ecxBi h 
CJ^jTKRTh npH^HHoli pasEaro poAa sejyAO^HEixi, enHAeMH^ecEaro 
xapaBTepa, 3a6ojrlBaHÍfi. P^bíb cmšhh TeniiepaTypii Auewh h 
HO^K) Bi oceHHee speMA ro^a, HeosHAaHHO najieTaiaiiUH chIubhiui 
6ypH H c^Bepo-BocToqHue B^ipii, ^OAHHMaH)I^ie oÓoiBHyio iuub^ 
3HM0H) pasBHBaiorL ropjOBUfl H rpyxHUfl ŮojA^ev. BpaqeÓHaa no- 
MOQ^ y BHTaiii^eFB jsfi saHATÍE KBaHTyHa pyccraMH, bi BEjifb sa- 
Koro-JiHÓo npaBHTejbCTBeHHaro hjih oÓn^ecTBeHearo yqpea^eHifl, ne 
cyn^ecTBOBa^a BOBce. Ilpn saÓojiÍBaHiflxii lyseMi^u ofipan^^racb Kh 
saaxapBMib, jeqHBmHMi HapoAHiiiiH cpe^CTBaMH; JiesapcTBa iipoxa- 
BajoíHCb B^ ;(OBOJibHO MHoroHHCieHHEix^b anre^Hiixi ^aBO^saxi. Tam 
ace qacTO h AftBajiHCb cobštu. 3a speiifl saHATÍfl eaiíH EBanTyna 
cpeAH iiicTHaro eacejieHifl ne BaM^najiocb 8a6oji']^BaHÍfi, hocbuihxi 
xapaBTepi dne^eMÍH. T'6mi ne Menie, CMepTHOCxb on iH^a h le- 
sHHTepÍF ÓujiA AOBOJbHO BejiHRa. HepÍABH diiJiH lasse saCoitBaHia 
HaTypajTbHOit ocnofi, ee HMiioniefi, Bnponeiťb, siORa^ecTBeBHHXi 
4)op]rb. 

RpafiHflH HeHHCTOnJIOTHOCTb BHTafilteB'B CJySHTb SBa^HTeAROft 

npHHHHOtt pacnpocTpaHeHÍB rjasHuxi h BasosHfiix^ 6a2['&8Hefi. B^ 
HacTOflmee BpeMfl a^a neAHi^HCRHX^ nysA^^ MÍCTHaro eacejieHiA 
Hif&eTCA H']bcROJbBO He(5ojibiuBX'b 6ojbHHi^rb H aiidyjaTopift vh Iloprb- 
Aprypi, TajiieHBaH^ h Bhi^bhbo. CBepxi xoro, npoHSBOXHTCA npien 
^acTHHxi jimuTy Ha Haie^ieHÍe vh noprb-apTypcsifi h TajíeHBaHCBifi 
nojeBtie BoeHHue rocnHiajH. IlepBOHaqajiibHO KHTaftcKoe Haceieme 
Ch ÓojbmoH) HexoB^pqnBOCTbH) OTHOCHJOcb Bi HameMy aiitfyjiMop- 
HOHy H oco6jih6o (SojbEH^HOuy jeqeHÍK), ho oTHomeHÍe 8to hsmí- 

HHJOCb BnOCJI'lACTBÍH, ^jarO^apA BHTatll^aHl, Jie^HBIOHMCA Bl 60Jlb- 

HHi^ax'b: CAepsaHHOCTb, noAOspHTejbHOCTb h ne^OB^pie ycTymuH 

M'&CTO npHB'6TJ[H60CTH H HyBCTBy npHSHaTaibHOCTH. OcoSeHHO 9T0 

Óujio 3aH'6THO B'h 6ojibHHa^ Bx BeqsHBO, ycTpoeHHofi caeiuajibHO 
j^jiB BHTafii^eBi. ^acTu ciyqaH saAaseHÍfi Bb[3AopoB']&BniHX'b BHTafi- 
iieB'b o sejiaBÍH nocBATHTb ceÓA yxo^y sa 6ojLbHiiMH. PyccsHirb 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



PyCCKlfl KHTAfi. 675 

yiipaBiemeiTB npHHATH 6uae xaiuse iitpu kb canHiapHOiiy naASOpy 
vh ropoAaxi, ynopa^OHeHiio npocxHTyiUH, vh na^sopy sa yóoeM^b 
csoTa, iffh ycipofiCTBy hobuxi h Tiwhsmnxca ctohhuxi ropoACKHxi 
KanaBi, kl nepeHecemia RHTattcBBxi BJia^^niux na ÓojAe oxjiajieH- 
HUfl 0Tb ropoAa MÍcra h ki> ofiAsaxeiBeTBy BHxafii^eFB sapuBavB 
TpynH rjiytíše fb seiuiH). RiÍAHÍe BJHMaxa h oÓcxaHOBRH RBan- 
TyHa Ha pyccBoe Hace^eHie emfi uewke 6jiaronpiflXHO, nfbwb Ha 
SHxaScsoe. B^b 1898 ro^y BoficBa nepeneciH anHAeioH xH^a H^e- 
SHHxepÍH, npHqeMi oepBufi rocnoACXBOBaJTB bo^ TajdeHBaHi^, a Bxopafl — 

Wh IIopXX-Ápxypi. 9XH dHRAeMÍH B0306H0BHJ[HCb H Wb CjAxíK^mflXT^ 

roAaxi. IIo cjiOBaMi namero ÓEiBniaro areHxa wb Knxa^, hojibob- 
HHKa Borasa, bochpíhmhhbocxb HHacxpaHi](eBi h Boofi^e npHmejB- 

UfiVh Iffh M^CXHHMl 3HHAeMÍflirB XH^^a H A63HHXepÍH yBejiHHHBaexcH 

B^ ^0CJ^iAyH>^^e vom íltl npefiEiBaHÍfl, oosa ohh ne aKBJHMaxHSH- 
pyioxca, 

Csy^tHafl noiBa KBanxyua, HCXon^aeMaa eaeroAHHMH noc^BaicH, 
He Morja 6u jíjSLBa,Th yAo6peHÍfl fiesi yposaeB^B. Ha yAo6peHÍe 
seMJH RHxafii^tMH ynoxpe6jiflK)xcfl BceBOSMoasHue ox6poc£i. BeiH- 
HHHa seifejibHiixi y^acxKOBi fb nacxoflH^ee npeMH y ssHxejefi 
RBanxyna BecBHa pasnooĎpasna. Bi> npeseee BpeHA, Bor^a nojy- 
ocxpoBi sacejifljicfl Ao6poBOJiBHEnfi nepecejieHÍeii^ hjih nyxeiii* npH- 
HyAHxejBHOfi CCBIJKH, Bas^ufi nepecejieHei^ nojiyiajii ovb Raseu 
HaxijrB seMJH BeiH^RHOio npndíHBHxejbHO orojo mecxH (tb hoiobhhoh) 
xecflXHHi*, RaROBafl cocxaBJuuia co^cxbobhocxb nepecejeni^a h HOCHia 
easBaHÍe „xyHuteAH''. Bdoci^acxbíh npHJHBi nepeceaeHiiieBx yBejH- 
HEicfl, sanaci CBo6oAHofi naxaxHofi semn hcxou^hjich, h Rasea He 
Horjia yse RasxoMy AasaxB Hax^kii xopomefi sejuH, a saxini h 
cobcími nepecxaja oxboahxb ynacxRH, noveny MQoríe hsx bhobb 
npH^uBnraxi cxajH apeHAOBaxB BeiuiH) y npesHHxo^ BJiaA^jiBi^eBi. 
Ol xeneHÍeMi BpeneHH seujm cxaja nepexoAHXB b% co6cxBeH- 
HOcxB JiHiiiaMi éojiie ÓoraxiUťB, xaRi hxo hiih'6 cy^ecxByio- 
ope senejiBBiie yqacxRH no CBoeft Bejumuwk BOBce ne cooxb^x- 
cxByioxi padurlpaHi naA&ia, ^annaro RasHOto nepBOHaqajrbfluiTB 
nepecejeHaaiTB EBanxyHa. Senjora Hsiťfepflexcfl na RBaHxyni: y rh- 
Tafii^eBi Ha „My* — MÍpy, páBuyH) npHÓJSHSHxejiBHO ^/n pyccRofi 
xecflXHHH, a y Man^JKypí — na »2sh", paBnyio mecxH „My^^.MyBí 
CBOH) oqepexB A'^Hxcfl na AecaxB „^hhb", ýhhb — na agchxb ^jm", a 
XB — najiecflXB „xao" (hšcrojbro dojBmeRBaApaxHaroapniHHa). JIjpo6- 
HOCXB j(^eHÍfl noRasHBaexi, nacROJbRO i^^HHxcfl seMjrn y xyseni^eBi. 
Bi noAaxHbixi cnncRaxi nacxo mosho BHA'&xb, qxo y nejRaro seiiJie- 
BiaA^bjbi^a ^HCJHxcfl junmh cxo.ibRo-xo „xao^. Bjiaro^apa RiHMaxH- 
^ecRBiTb ycJiOBijiMi, seMaeBJíaA&ibipi CHHMaioxi na KBaHxyni ab^ 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



676 BMTHHKL SBPOmi. 

SETBU Bx roA^; AJifl 8Toro secEoio ciercfl Rysypysa, mhi^ uh 
ryi^ (poA'B npoca), nocji'6 sarBu Roropuxi oceHBH)^ bi kohi^í 
ceHTfl6pfl, dacWercfl OBHiiafl nmeHHi^a, nocn^Baion^ui :i'6T0M'b 6y- 
Ayn^aro ro^a, a sai^M^ CHOBa EfifiTh uoc^wb 6o6ovb, iihi^ei h xpy- 
vEVb dJianoBi^ c6op^ ROTopuxi 6iiBaeTx toh> se ocenBH). Á^a 
o6pa6oTSH seiuH h yÓopBH nojiefi y RniTsSiufiVh cyn^eeTByen mhofo 
HsroTOBJífleMtixi na uicvk opyAÍfi canaro npHMHTHBearo ycrpoficrsa. 
IIojeBBifl paÓOTu Ha KBaHTyH'6 Ha^HeaioTCfl wb bohi^ Kapra Eja 
napást anp^kifl M^cai^a. IlepBOHawJbHO seiiJiio ^Ba pasa nepena- 
xHBaiOTB coxofi, ssLvbwbj yÓpaBi jHrnnie BaMHH, Ha^Haiorb dopo- 
HRTb oÓuBHOBeHHOfi 5opoHOň Cb xiqaísewír 3y6bffiiH. Ocraionueca 
nocjii 6opoHOBaHÚi rombh aeMjra h HepoBeocTH BHpaBHiBaioTCfl opy- 
xieMi; cxoAHiíMi CB 6opoHOK) H c^j^^aHHiiiťb Hs^ npyTbeBi. UwA 
dToro HaHHHaercH nod^. Py^Hofi He6ojibinofi coxofi npoBjaAEi- 
Baexcfl pflA'b napajJiejiBHiixi GoposA*^, tajÓwboío ao ^eiupexi Bepm- 
ROBI, RaROBUA H gac^BaiOTCfl npH noMontH nycTOfi teirbh, Hanoi- 
HeHHOfi sepHOMi, ROTopoe no sejoÓRy nvh RaMiíma, paBooiiipHO 
BUCunaflCB, joshtca bi 6opo3Au. Bcji^a^ 3a cbaieieirB HAen 
xpyrofi pa6o^ifi ch RopsHHOfi yAo6peHÍii, h pobhumx cioeirb sacH- 
naerb sepno, a ijlr tofo, ?to6íi B'6Tpoirb ne padkecjco ynoOpeHÚ 
H sepna, sac&flHHtifl RanaBRe H^yn^HMi bci'6x'b xpeTSBin pafiouirE 
npoRaTUBaioTCH RaMeHHfiiM'B BajibROMx, OT^ero oÓpasyeTCfl iuothhí 
cjofi, noA^b ROTopuiTB seifjifl AOJiBine coxpaHflerB BJiary. Oč xocth- 
seHÍH BCxoAaMH hsbícthoíí BaiHwnH, Ha^HHaioirB nojiRy h ocunaHÍe. 
OcHnaHÍe x^aiorB ABa*TpH pasa bi^ jAto npH noMOii](H oco(5ofi caoRR, 
aiH se o6uRHOBeHHofi coxoň, sanpflseHHOfi aapofi jubothux^ 
HAyn^Hxi^ MesAy noaocaiiH bcxoaobi. BoibmHHCTBO BecenoExib no- 
cŤBOBi co3p'6BaeirB B'b rohi^ íiojha irbcfli^a, a vb aBrycri sau- 
Haeicfl saTBa; npH btoitb ynorpeCjEflerca Hedojbmofi npflMei cepm 
6edi» syÓbeBi, RoropuMi^ h episiiBaioTL CTe&iH RMOCBeRb. daíÍHi 
BecB csaTBifi 7iJi'b&h CBflsuíBaiorB wb CHomi h yBosarB vb oco6o 
npHroTOBjíeHHbíM^B TORaiTB, Tfiib CRjiaABiBaioTi Vb CRHpAU. y<k)psa 
nojefi coBepmaercfl oqesB in^aTeiBuo; Ha ary patioiy BuxoxHn 
6yRBajiBH0 BCfl cenBH, Ba^HHafl cb Tpexj[']&THHX'B Harax^B pe({flTHiii»:B 

AO CÍABIXI CiapHROBl. OfiURHOBeHflO, MySTOHEI aRHy^B, SeHOlHHII 

H CTapHRH Bflsyn bi CHonu, a MaaeHBRÍa a^th saHATu eoóvpa- 
HÍeiťB OTA&iBHuxi ROJtocBeB^ H CTe&iefi cojioiiH. no CHnm Bcero, 
ht5 6ujo Ha noBepXHOcni seiUH, Ha^HHaercfl omcTaa noiefl oři 
Ropsefi, ROTopue HAyTB na TooraBo. UocjA yCopRH HHBa saaaxH* 
Baercfl a^a osHMaro noc^Ba nineHiii^i hjih oropoAHUTB oBon^^, 
iforyn^Hxi codpŠTB ao shmh, RavB-To: jyRa, píabrh uh ocoóaro poia 
«ajiaAa, saiťi&Hflioniaro co6oh) namy Ranycxy. ^ajiBHifiniafl oópadorsa 



Digitized by VjOOQ IC 



pyccBifl KHTAň. 677 

a)6paHHofi j&axBH npoHdBOAHTCfl yse bÓ^hsh (|)aH8u. fl^M aroro yexpoH- 

BfteTCfl TOKI, yKaTaHHUfi BaMeHHUMl BEJIbBOMX, SaT^MO^ OTA^JIfliOrB 

soliocb OTh CTetfjiefi cojomei, h Ha^EHaeicH MOJOTBÓa npH noMon^H 

XaMeHB£IXl BaJÍBBOFB CB OCTpUMH rpaB^MH, BOTOpue npHBOAflTCfl 

FB ABHseHÍe SHBOTHBíMH HJH jioABMH, 61raioii^HMH no Tosy. Bbimo- 
jKHeHHoe BepHO npoB^HBaioTi, h oho nocTynaexi na ne^HHi^u hjeh 
BpynopymRH. Gmotpa no copTy xjrl6a, ofixHpaiorB na Rpyny hjih se 

lieJIfOTB MyRy nOCpeACTBOHl Ee60JlhmETh MeJBHHI]i'B, npHBOAHMEIX'B 

vh XBHseme ociaMH. Kaa^^afl Tanan nejiBHHi^a MoaeTx cmojotb 
vh jífiBh orojIO nflTH-mecTH ny^OBi sepaa h HMieicfl ho^th fb 

FjiaBHifiinie bh^bi B03A'i^£iBaeMEix'B x^i^fioB^B cjAjí,yíovnfe: 1) 
TaB% easuBaeMafl b'b yccypiflcROMi Kpa*! ^yMHsa, ROTopafl, co6- 
CTBeHHO, viuievb ABa oco6Bifl HadBaHia: „MHqsa^, oÓBisHOBee- 
Hoe npoco, h „ryi^so*'; poA'B npoca. Mai^a ynoTpeÓjfleTCfl RaRi 
BTB nan^y, TaRi h jíak npBroroBjíeHifl nHBa. CojOMa HadBaHHuxi^ 
3xaB0B% H^erB fb Ropn^ juin CROxa, BOTopufi oxotho ee ^ctb b^b 

BBfifk C^9RH. KaRl MBI^Sa, TaRl H ryi^ 0(5íIBHOB6HHO c^iotc^ 

BecHOfi H cocraBJíAiOTi* nepByio saTBy. 2) IlmeHHi^a, HadUBaeHafl 
no-BHTaflcRH „Mafiaaa^, cieTcn npeHMyn^ecTBeHHO osHMaa h jiHmB 
VB p*6arhx^ cjiyqaflxi apoBas. 3) KyRypysa^ no-RHTaficRH „(JoaifH*', 
HAeTB B^ oHUD^y ji¥>]s,nu%y a laRse ea Ropni ^m cROTa. 4) „Fao- 
jBtťh^^y — Hxd SHawTB vh nepoBOjí* „BEicoRÍft cxetfejiB" — BXlOatHO- 
yccypificROMx Rpa'6 H3B'&CTeH'B nOA'B Ha3BaHÍeM'B HHA^ficRaro npoca, 
dtercfl FB GojBnroMx R0JiH^ecTF6. .Sepno raojflna Ejsfivh na nnn^y 
jiOAflMx, a TaR^Re na RopM% ajib CROra, a bucoríII — ao 4 7^ — 5 apmHBx 
— H TOJicnifi CTetfeJB cjiysnrB tohjihbomi, a TaRae ynoTpe6jifleTCfl 
Ha BpHmH H 8a6opii. KpOM% Toro, sepeo hactb na nparoTOBiieHie 
BBTaficROfi BOARH, EasHBaeifofi „maonsfo". 5) Eo6u ^ACyi^sa"" GuBaiorB 

AO ABa^I^aTH COpTOBl, HiTB ROHXX 0;^HH HAyT'B Bl BHO^y JÍJOHňUl>j a 

Apyrie na RopifB cBOTy hjh me jimb butrhmrh Macjia, ROTopoe bo 
BceoÓn^eifB ynorpeCjteniH y RHTafii^eFB; hs^b h'6rotopuxi& copTOBi 
BHA^^-uiBaiorB poA% BepiiHmejH, HasuBaeMoB „^hbb THonsa" h co- 
eraBJífliDniefi neMaiOBasHuil npe^MerB ToprOBjíH. 6) ,9qMeHB, „^a- 
Mafiqsa^, ciercfl bi> netíojiBmoMi ROJíH^eciBi h ^aeTB nioxie yposan, 
ynoTpeÓJMexcH bi nnu^y jmji,suT> h jí,jíb Ropna CROxa, a cojiOMa 
HAeTB na ronjHBO. 7) Phcb „^omh** na ŘBanTyni BCTpiqaercH 
BecBMa p^ABO B d^TCfl B^ oqenB HednaqHTeiBHOMi ROJH^ecTB^ na 
ifOBaxBHaxx BJiB se na BCRyccTBennHxx 5ojiOTax%. RpoM^ Toro, 
pasBOAHTCfl en^e rohoujth, naBUBaeHafl „na^, H8p'6ABa OBeci, rpe- 
HHxa, RyBsyrB h „qsHMa'', hfb Roroparo BUA^UBaiorB Macjo. 
yposafi 8aBHCHT'B, rjiaBHiiMrB oCpasoMx, oiTB ROJiB^ecTBa CBoeBpe- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



678 BMTHHKb BBPOnU. 

MeHHO BunaxaioiitHxi AoacAeB. Bxcyxie ro;^ Becb rpoMa^Hiifi, sa- 
TpanenHuB ^eilJleJlibJlh^eMl>, TpyA'B nponMaerb fiesyciOBHO. Ha xas- 
Aaro nejiovbKa. wh toat^ j^jui nponHTaHÍB, — npHHHMaH bo BHiuiaHÍe, 
HTO MflCHafl nHn^a BecBMa piíKo ynoTpeÓJfleTCfl, — rpeCyercH okojo 
23 nyxoBx BCflKaro sepea, h TaBHMx o6pa80Mi& na ceMbfo bi 
7 — 8 qejoBÍEx noTpefiyexca obojio 110 — 120 ny^OBi; ecjra jse 
Ki> dTOMy BOJH^ecTBy, ROTopoe juamh Cbijsfi^TCRy npH6aBHTb eo^e 
CTOJibKO se Ha Apyrífl HeoÓxoAHMiiH noTpe6HocTH, BaBi-To: oxe^xy, 
BSHOCb HajoroBi H APyríe pacxoxu, to BOJH^ecTBO sepHa noTpe- 
6yeTCfl OBOJio 220 — 240 ny^OBi na BasxyH) ceiibK). Epoiri^ Toro, 
fia npoRopMiieHie Heo6xoxHMbix'B bt> xcsaficiBi shbothhxi, yno- 
Tpe6j[fleMiix'B jmn o6pa6oTKH seicjH, npHHABi wb cpeAHeiii au 
ceMbH TpH roJOBH (ocars, Asa tfuKa), nysHO en^e npB6aBRTB 
OKOJO 120 — 130 nyAOBx, ht6 cocTaBím Bcero oboio 360 ny- 
AOBi. n^H^pa cpaBHHxejibHo HetiojiBmafl, ho ecoiH npHHflib bo bhh- 
Made, HTO cpeAHflfl yposafinocib BOo6n^e bc^x'^ xj£6hux^ sja- 
sobx Óyfl^evb 60 nyAOB^B na A^CflXHHy, to na nasAJK) cenbK) no* 
Tpe6yeTCfl orojio 6-th a^cathhi naxaTHoS seiLiH^ T.-e. 100 vy. 
MesAy T^Mx BejiHqHHa seiiejibHHxx yqacTBOBi na EBaHTyHŠ BecbMa 
pa3HOo6pa3Ha: xota BCTp^iqaiOTCfl y^acTBH bi 9, 12 h 6ojAe 
AecflTHHi, ho npeoÓJiaAaiorb y^acTBH bx 2 — 2V< a^catrhu; ne- 
p^AKu H TaRÍe BjiaA'i^bi^a, soTopiie Hifiiorb TOJbBO V^ agcathes 
seMJiH. IIpH TaRHxrb ycjíóBiflxrb bohjui ho oÓesne^HBaerb cyn^ecTBO- 
Banifl seujiejííbjíhudk] nodTOMy &bji,wbŘmM ?acTb Haceienk BUHysAeHa 
o(5pan^aTbCfl vh sapaÓOTBaMi na CTopoH^. EaeroAHO noBAHefi ocenbio, 
no OBOH^aHÍH nojiOBiixi pa6orb, MHorie naHHMaiOTCfl vh Óojiie 6o- 
raniMi 8eiueBJiaA'i^i^aM'L hjih se nocxynaiarb bx apTejiH pa6o- 
qHXx B^b HacaieHHUX'b i^enTpaxi: Bhi](8hbo, TajieHBaH^ h IIopTb- 
Apryp^ř. GBoero xjiitfa na RBaBTyni ne XBaTaeTi* Aftse j^xň irbcr- 
huxx sHTejieB. 9totx HeAOCTaTOB'b bi jjA&b nonojiHaeTca bbo- 
soiTb nmeHfii^fi] hsi HnbBoy, $yqsoy, GaxdBoy (ycTbe p%rh Stj) 

H OT^aCTH H3l IIIaHAyHa. EpOM^ TOrO, npHBOSHTCA AOBOJbHO MHoro 

aMepHBaHCKofi. Becb npHniJbifi djreiieHTx, wb tomx ^ECJA h Boficsa, 
AOJTSHu nHTaTbCfl npHBOSHuifB xii'6(5oifb. OropoAHH^ecTBO na Enae- 
TyH'6 cjysHTi 6ojibniHM*b noAcnopbOMx jsak Hacejiemfl. OropoA^i 
coAopsaTCfl oÓpasqoBO h bcš noeaARH A^aioTCfl bx saiiŠTOTeib- 
HOJurb nopflAB'6. RasA^ bjo^obx seiuH BOSA^am: BAOjrb KaneH- 
Hbixi 8a6opoBx nocasena <|)acoj[b, HAyTx paAaMH noACOJtHe^HHBi, 
a BpyroMx ýaH3x, na ysBOft noJioc^ cboÓoahoS zeum^ nocasenn 
TUBBbi „lofirya", Bbion^ifica CTeÓejib BOTopiixi bucobo Bcnojsaerb 
na spiimy, fa^ co8p'6BaeTx h camiB njoAx. Ha rpflA&xx nesAy 
OBon^aMH nocaseHH i^b^th h iiaBi. Bce 8to OHOHb BpacHBO i 



Digitized by ViiOOQIC 



>_Aj 



PyCCKlft BHTAft. 679 

HBCTOy H BO Bceiii> BH^HH saÓOTE H TpyjcTB. PadBOASTCfl orypt^u, 
peAHCBa, jififfhj lecHOKi^, icopnoBb, csesjía, p'6na, 6pK)BBa, OaBJía* 
aaHBi, noMHAopH) tuxbu, apóydti^ Aiihh, yRponi, cajiaA'B, nepei^^b 
crpy^KOBufi, nepeiTB BpacHiifi, cejB^epefi, nerpyniBa h ^mojíl. 
Csepxi TOfo, Ha KsaBTyH-b pasBOAflTCfl en^e AeBATb copiOBi ciA]i,o6nuTb 
TpaB^B) HeasB^CTHiixi Bi EsponeficROfi Poccíh. BTopoS copr^ obo- 
n^efi, casaeMHXi^ na nojaxx nocs*! saxBii h coxpABíieuuTh na SHMy 

Vh BeameHHOMl HJIH COJieHOMq^ BHA^, COCTOETB H81 &klLOŘ p^XbBH, 

Bpyímaro ca^axa h cjia^Baro Bapio^^eia. OÓEiBHOBeHHufi se BapTO- 
<|iej[B, HasHBaeioid no-BHraficBH „AH^anB'', pasBOAHTCfl b'b BecsMa 
HefiojBmoiťB BOJHqecTB^, h to tojbbo co BpeMeHH namero boabo- 
peHÍH Ha KBaHTyH'6. Bcfl co6paHHafl p^xBBa dacajiHBaercfl bxfjih- 
HflBHXi iaHax'B, H vb TaBOM^b BHA^ cozpaHfleTCfl AO 6yAyniaro ro^a. 
CajiaA^B „]í»6^Ř^B,i^ pocxerb 6ojbinHHH ny^BaMH, bh noMftÓie Boneefi 
eameft BanycTu. KBameHHiifi cajia^^b bo BceoÓusfiWb ynoTpe6jieHÍH 
y BHTafii^eBi h OTHacm saiť^HaeTB Hamy BBameHHyH) BanycTy. R^h 
TOCiy oropoAHHxi pacTeHÍft moaho OTneCTH h TaÓaBi, HasuBaeMufi 
no-BHTafiCBH nHHb", ho ero pasBO^HTCfl Hajo^ xaBiBaB^ eroMHoro 
HxerB Hsrb Hbfoqyana, Boropbift cjaBHxcfl CBOHiťb laóaBoirb no Bceiiy 
c^BepHOMy EHiaH). 3aTŠM'B pasBO^ATb neiiHoro MaBy, ]s,Jia aoÓubsl- 
HÍfl omyna, a TaBse pacieHÍe „ÓHMa"', h3i 6o6obi BOioparo bu- 
SRíiaiorb MacJío, ynoTpetfjfleMoe na jieBapciBO. 

CaxOBOACTBO Ha KBaHTyH'6 hohth ho cyn^ecTByerb. Bi 8tom'b otho- 
meHÍH EBaHTyni mhofo OTcrajrB otb IQaHAyHa. Ha IIIaHAyH'!, bx ro- 
poA% ^ymaBby BCTp'lqaK)TCfl npeBpacHue ýpyBxoBue ca^u. nian^yH- 
CBífi BHBorpaA^ H3B'6cTeH'B H Ha Bceifb ^ajbHOMx BocTOB'6. Ha RBaH- 
TyH% y 6ojibniHHCTBa sHxejefi HuriiOTCfl He6oJbniie caAHBH hjh, no 
Bpafifiefi ifbpt, B'icBOJibBO ýpyBTOBux^b ;^peBbeB%, ho npaBHJBHaro 
yxo^a sa hhmh B^rhj h nojiyqaeMEie hjoau AepeBflHHCTH h rpy6u na 
Bsyerb. Hsrb djoaobuxx AepeBbOBx 6ojiie pacapocxpaneHn: rpyma, 
aCpHBOCB, nepcHBi, BHmnfl h H'6BOTopbie flroAHue Byciu. Hsi 
MŠCTHuxrb ýpyBTOBx BaMŠHaTejieH'^ po^i ({)HHHBa, HasuBaeMaro no- 
BHTafiCBH „asflasflo"; wiom dxoro AepeBa — npoAOjroBaxoi ^pMU, 

Ch XBepAOfi BOCXOWOfi BHyxpH, — My^HHCXU Ha BBycx. Bx híboxo- 

pinpb MÍcxaxi Bcxptqaexca BRHorpax^B, ho ohx njoxoro Ba^ecxna 
H cjLyxBTb 6ojn»nie jsab, yspamenifl ABOpoBi. 

KBaHxyHeBÍS nojyocxpoBx onenb 6ÍAeBi> ApenecHOH) pacxnxeib- 
HOCTbio. M'icxHiie sRxejH nojibsyioxcfl bc^mh 6ojAe y^oÓHiiMH ifl- 
CTaMH, HeroAHUMH AJiE xjoLŠConamecxBa^ jíaíl noca^BH ;^epeBbeBi. Ta- 
BEMi oÓpasoiTb, Bcb nec^anue 6epera pš^eBx, saJHBaeMue BO^ofi, sa- 
casoHH xonojeMi h hbo&, Bpyxue CBaxu ropi— coenofi, Ay^HABom. 
Pacnpexijeme jiícboř pacxHxejbHOCxe na nojyocxpoBŠ neo^HnaBOBO. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



680 MCTHHS'& EBPOnU. 

B'B losHoffi HacTH cnviomHBifl sapocJiH nonaAaK)TCH JíEmh bx ropnim 
;(aiHHaxi h yn^ejibflxi, nospuBafl KpyTue, BeroAHue mb xj^Ooname- 
CTBa CBaTu ropx; bx HHSHHaxx me, vjsíb bca noBepxHOCTB sanaTa no- 
jflMH, TOJBRO cejreBÍH ORpyseflu Oojiie hjih ifenie sHaiHrejbfluiiH 
Hacas^eflÍAMH, a pycjra p^Rx ORaliMjeHu Hoori^a nocaARaira to- 
noieffi. Ha cřsepi pacTHTejiBHOCTL 6ora^e. TaMx na CRaxaxx ropi 
noflBJHioTCfl cocBOBUfl BOcaARH, npHBflBinifl yse bhj^x aoboubo 
SHaqHTejbHiixi pon^x, h nopocjiH Ay^BARa; bx ;^oj[Hflaxx se, rjrb 
P'Irh cbohhh pasjíHpaMH oCpasoBajTB nec^aaiie y^acTRH, nonaxaH)TCfl 
SHaHHTejEHUfl, no BejiBqHB^, sapociH hbu h Tonoifl. Jlicnua luo- 
m^aAH fla RBaBTyet npenaAJiesarB 6ojbnieia nacTEio qacTBHirb 
co6cTBeBflHRaMi>, xoTfl HM%K)TCH H RaseBRtifl. Becb jrí^cx, Heo6xo- 
AHMuffi AJfl ropoACRHXx nocTpoeRx, yRpinjieBifi h coopyseHÍft xe- 
ji^3B0fi AoporB, AOCTaBjífleTCfl Bsi nopra ^aAyaroy, jeasaniaro y 
ycTbfl p'&RH SÍJiYf oorpaHHqHOfi MesAy Kopeefi h Masqsypiefi, bsx 
BjiaABBocTORa h Aase AifepflRH. UoiBSOBaBÍe míctbumi jrbcowh 
BecBHa SBa^HTeJiBHo, TaRx RaRx iiicTBoe Bacejiesie Ba TOiuflBO 
ynoTpetfjflerB cojoiiy raojiflHa b RyRypysu, bx ropo^axx se 6oa- 
meio qacTBK) sryrb RaMesHBifi yrojb. B^trb, cy?bfl b yrojb npo- 
flfijOTb Ba ^yflTu. 

IV. 

MopcKíe npoMHCJiH. — Ckotoboactbo. — HcRonaeMua óoraTCTsa: sojioto, EaxeBHHfi jron, 

con. 

IIo Bceny no6epesbio RsaBTyHa h aa ocrpoBaxi BCTp:6qaK)TCfl 
no fiyxraMX ota^^bub 4>&B3fii, nocejRH b xoBOJrbBO óojibmifl ce- 

^eBÍfl, SBTeJfl ROTOpUXX, BCJI^ACTBÍe IftCTHUXX yCJIOBifi, fleBHTOA- 

Buxx fi^ia o6pa($OTRH seMjiB, saBBiiaioTCfl mopcrbmb npoiiucjaiai. 
Pu6a JEOBBTCfl RaRx cítamb^ TaRx H fla RpioHORx. Bcfl AOÓHBaeitaa 
pH6a no cnoco6y eff BSroroBRB b ynoTpe6jeBÍfl MOserB 6utb paa- 
A'&ieBa Ba abí Raxeropia: rx nepBOtt otbocatcb t6 nopoAU pafo, 

ROTOpUfl AOCUBaiOTCfl Bl 60JIbm0MT> ROJB^eCTBdb B COUTCfl, B B!B 

TaROMx BBA'6 BUBOsBTCfl Bx nopiu Kniafl; ro Biopott RaieropÍH — 
rb nopoAu, yjOBx ROTopurB BesnaqBTejieflx, b ROTopufl ynorpeé- 
jfliOTCfl bx CB^seifx BflA'6 B cocraBjífliarB npe^MerB irbcTBoS rop- 
roBJB. rjaBflMniflHB BHAaím pu6u, Roropaff jiobbtch bx ÓOJiBinoMX 

ROJIflqeCTB% B CiySBTX npeAMeTOMX BBIBOSa, flBJHBOTCfl: 1) Hosx- 

pH<5a, jUBBBafl, TOBRafl pH6a (orojo 1 apmBBa), cx o^ens KejROi 
qemyefi coBepmesBO cepefipBCTaro UB^ra, OT^ero bch pii6a xa- 
seTCfl TO^BO bhjbtoh) bsx ueTMJíB,. Ctobhoctb efl Ba wkcA bx 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



PyCCKlfi BHTA&. 681 

cojeHOiťb BEjsíb oKOJio 1 pyÓJifl sa ujji,'h. Qo BOJHqecTBy BUBOsa efi 
opHHaA^esHTB nepBoe nrlcro. 2) Po^i KopK)mBH: piióy diy ne co- 
jffTb, a cymarB na necK* bi Te^enie 5 — 6 ;^Heft, uocjA nero co- 
6ipaiDTE Bi irlmsH hjh casoMeHHtie ByjiH h bi TaBOirb bha'6 bu- 
BoasT^ (55;iBineio qacTbio b% ^H^^y- npoiHBx nepBofi i^tHHTCfl B^Boe 
Aopose. 3) TpecBa, — aobetl ee KpioqRaMH (nepeMeraMH). Píi6a era 

npHXOJUITB H OTXOAHTli OTB 6eperOB*B BM^CTÍ Cl MOpCBHMX npfl- 
JHBOITB H OTJlHBOlťB; q^M^ H aOJIBSyiOTCJi MtCTHHe pfil6aBH, OTOpS^- 

juuicB B^ Mope e^ otjhbomi h BOdspan^aflCb cb upvuiEBOWb. 4) Vokl 
ceiBAfl. Oo cjOBaiTB pHfiasoBx, pii6a axa ÓojibniHMH CTaxanH HAers 
Hsi BocToqHO-KHTaficBaro Mopa. Ctohmoctb ea ea mšctI obojio 
35 son. 3a ny^^. Ek) nHxaercfl idiCTHoe HacejreHÍe h OT?acTH bu- 
BOSflTB ee RE niaHxafi. 5) ^0CKa-pu6a— coihtca, cyniHTca h b-b xa- 
soMi BEjiib BUBOBHTCfl vh lUaflxafi. Ha m'6ctí ct6hte obojio 1 p. 
50 Kon. 3a ny;^^. 6) PoAxyrpa, — BCTp'6qaeTCfl bi> He<Soi[BinoMx bo- 
iLHqecTBi H B-b coJieHOMx bhaí buboshtch 3a npe^&ia no^yocxpoBa. 
EpoMŠ nepeHHCieHHim, bobaí KBaHTyna jobatca mhofo ApyrHX'B 
nopo^i* pu&hy ftOTopiiH noflBjíaEOTCfl bi npoAa»']& bx HesHaqHTejiB- 

HOITB BOJIH^eCTB^ H JHIIIB Ha M'6CTH£IX'B pUHBaXl. SKHXeJH npH- 

6pesHiix'B cejeHífi, BpoMŠ psrfiojOBCTBa, 3aHHMaK>TCfl A0(5uqeS Bce- 

BOSMOSHUXl paBOBHHX, MOpCBHXX SHBOTHBIXX, BO^OpOCIOfi H MOp- 

CBHxi ci'6ao6hbíx'b TpaBi, cocxaBJíflioii^Hxi JiaBOMUfl 6jK)Aa BHiaň- 
i^eBi; npH axoiťB BETafii^u co6HpaH)rB pimHTeJiBHO Bce, Hib 

TOUBO KOSHO BSflTB 0TB MOpfl; USUVkŘUíM paSOBHHa, CJlH3HflBl 
HJH BOAOpOCJIB,— BCe H^eiTb Bl JlibAO. HSX AOÓHBaeMHX-B atHBOT- 

HHX^B nepBoe m^ícto saHHMaerB TpenaerB. ycxpeau no cbohbtb 
Ka^ecTBaiťB ciHiaioTCfl jiyqmHMH na ^ajiBHeiťB Boctob^; flftóu- 
BaeTCfl Hxx MHorOy ho BUBOsa ho^th ne cyuD^ecTByerB, ne cqHTaa 
HeÓOJBmoro sojiHqecTBa, BBrcujiaeMaro bi ?H^y h IQaHxafi bx 
CBÍseM'B bha^, no oco6hmx saBasani. Me^yBii ynoTpeÓjflJEOTCfl 
vh uBsuj mícthíimh BHxaMi^aMH, fifiíi BBiBOsa se Hxi cymaxx, 
AJH qero hxx paspisBiBaiorB na nojocu h pacBjaABiBaiorB na 

CCJHU^ř. OďBIBHOBeHHO Bl A^JIO H^yXX 6^^118 H TOJiyÓBie BHAH 

HeAysi, AOCxHraion^ie ao apniHoa b'b AÍaMexpt. MopcBÍa 6joxh 
npeACxaBJuiioxx npiaxHyio sasycBy ash BHxaňi^eBi h etb cyrneHOMi 
BEflik qacxo Bcxp^qaioxcfl fb m^cxhoS upo^ascb. Ocbmhhofh jiflóu- 
BaíDxcH Bx HeÓojiBfflOMx BOJiHqecTBt H Bi> cyffleHOMx bha4 B^yxx 
Ba MicxnyK) upo^ajsy h BBiBOBflxca bx ?H(|)y. Bi SHMHee BpeMH 
B'B BOAH KBaHxyna saxoAflxx cxa^aMH nepnu, BoxopBiMH npoMu- 
jsuiavyrb pa^n snpa h bosx. SaxtiťB co^Hpaexca aobojbho mhofo 
pasHBixx BOAOpooieS h xpaB'B, bi xom'b hecjií HeiíHoro h Mopcsoň 
BanycxBi „xafii^aft", Boxopaa na KBaHxyn^ BecBMa nioxoro Baqecxsa. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



€82 MGTHHR^ EBPOnU. 

B% BHxy orcyTCTBÍfl na RBaBTysi BuroBHii^ib seiieiB h jy- 
roBi, cBOTOBOACTBa, REBi^ npoMucJia, He cyn^ecTByerB. B'l otx&ib- 

HHXl SaSHTO^HHXI^ XOSflfiCTBaXI^ CBOTB paSBOAAT^, BSKB Heo6- 

xoAHMyK) npH paspafioTK']^ nojieň pa^onyio CMy h savB cpexcTBO 
nojLyntíTb xopomee yxofipeHie. IIpH o6pa6oTKÍ noieft Hep^b^BO 

MOSHO BHA^TB ^BMEHEUTb SHBOTHHXX H A&2K6 HeiOB^^Ra, Sanpfl- 

seHHiix^ BM'l(rrt. M']&CTHafl nopoxa porararo CBora apexcraBuen 
BupoAHBinyiocfl nopo;i[y c^BepHaro JteoAyHa, hjh, b^ph^, MoaroiÍH. 
MojiOTOOCTL ero onenB cia6afl. TyseMHoe Hacejreme He ynorpeS- 
jiaeTh MOJiosa h ero iipo^ysTOB^ bi nHo^y. Bi npoj^asy Ha yóofi 
CROTa HOCTynaerB Haio. Toibro KpafiHflfl nys^ft sacTaBjflerb nooe- 
jiflHHHa npoxaBaTb crotb MflcoToproBi^airB. Jlomaxefi na EBanTyni 
noHTH He pasBOAflrE: 6oj[i»niafl hxi ?acTb npHBexena «n Man^- 
sypÍH H Ewberh xopomifl npHpo^Htifl Ra^ecTBa, ho HsnypHreJiBHHfl 
pa6oTti sna^HTejiBHO hxx noHH^aiorB. JIomaAefi bi Rpa*! obojo 
1.400 miyBí; rbwh He Menie, BHaienie hxx jijul Rpaa aobojoho 
BejiHRo, RaR% npoH3BOAHTejiefi MyjOBi. Tysennoe RHTafiCRoe nace- 
jienie no 8Toň ?acTH A0CTHr40 npeRpacHuxi pesýjBTaTOB^, Biipa- 
6oTaBi THn'L pa6o^aro SHBOTHaro, o^ens BUHOCiHBaro h Bnarai 
cooTB^TCTByjEontaro mšcthíimx ycjiOBÍflM'B. Poct^b Myjia, BUBe^eHnaro 
Ha RBaHTyH'6, ROjeÓJieTCH ors 1 apniHua 12 BepmR. xo 2 apm. 
2 BepmR.; t^jio ero RptnRoe, iiycRyjHCToe, hofh tohríh, ch Rp^n- 

RHMH CyXOSHJliflMH H HeÓOJBHIHMH ROHtlTaMH. BíIHOCJIHBOCTB IfyJIOBX 

BaMiqaxejbHa, HecMOTpa na CRy^ocxb Ropna. Bcji'i^ACTBÍe npeRpac- 

HUXX RaqeCTBl MyjIOBl H HXl CTOfiROCTH HO OTHOmeHÍK) Kb dHH- 
BOOTÍfllfB, BOKCRa Bl COJBHIOirB ROJTH^eCTB^b SaifflHHJIH 0603HUrB JO- 

ma^eS HyjiaMH, h bx 6y;^yn^eMi npe^HOJOseHO npoHSBecTH 8aM'6Hy 
Bi 0603*6 Bcixi Jioma^eft MyjaMH. Oceji — caMoe pacupocrpanefl- 
Hoe paóo^ee shbothoo Vh Rpa'6. Oh'b ABjífleTCfl He3aM'i^HHMiiir& oco- 
6eHH0 Bi» ropoBTxi yqacTRaxx, rjsjk eAHHCTBenHUMH nyTAMH coo6n^e- 
HÍfl cjiysarL ysRÍa xponu, Cb RpyiEiMH noA'BeMaMH h cnycRaMH. 
OcjraMH noJib3yH)TCfl npeHMy^ecTBenHO no;^x BbiORi. Bd cejncRÍe 
npo;^yRTEi, ApoBa, c^ho AOCTaBJunoTCfl bi> Hacejrennue nyHRTu BbiOROirb 
Ha ociaxi. Obi^u padBOAflTCfl npeHMy^ecTBOBHO bi sasiiToqHHXi 
ceMbflxi cTa^aiiH bx 30 — 40 niTyRi bi ropHCTUxi irbcraxi^, rxk 
BCTptqaiOTCfl xoTb HeÓojbmifl nacTGnn^a; oh^ npHHaAJesarb ri 
RypAio^HOň HopoA*]^, no pa3MÍpaM'b s&e sna^HTesbHo ycTynaK)Tb 
saČafiRajibCRHMi h chChpcrhmi. Máco hxi AOBOJíbHO xopomaro 
Ra^ecTBa h ynoTpeÓiifleTCfl B^b nHn^y RaR'b eBponeflCRHiťb, laRi h 
TyseMHbíMi HacejieHÍeifb. Kosu HHq'6Mx ne OTiiH^aiOTCfl otb no- 
^om, BCTp']k?aeMoK bi EsponeňCRofi Poccíh. CBHHbH pasBOASTca 
Tose Fb AOBOďbHo 3HaqHTej[bH0Mrb ROJTEHecTB^. Maco Hxi ew- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



pyCCKlfl EHTAfl. 683 

Taercfl y BHiafiqeBx jaBOM£iM'B 5jih)aomx; no BH'liDHeMy bh;^ 
OHO xopomaro Ba^ecTBa, ho qacTO ÓtisaerB sapaseno ({>HHaMH 
H TpHXHHaMH H A^ ynoTpe6jeHÍfl xpeóyen Tn^aTejBHaro iiHBpo- 

CKODH^eCBarO H3CJI'6A0BaflÍff. M'6CTHlIfl CBHHbH npHHaAJesaTB B^B 

ocotfofi nopoA^: a^hhhoc TyjiOBHn^e nocaseHO na BopoTSHxi do- 
raxi>y MopAa A^HHHaH, ymH 6ojLbmiSy mepcTB qepHafl. Hs^b n^erHAu 
BHA&TiiBaiarB na uicri n^eiEH h CHTa. Hsi jiipyraxi AOManiHHxrB 
SHBOTHHxx TyseMHBie SHTejH ynoTpe6j[flK)T^ Bx nHii^y bi Hesea- 
^swiejihEowh BOJHqecTBŠ coCasi h bpojhbobx, pasBOAflTi 6ojibnioe 
BOjranecTBO Kypí h HenHoro yiOBB h rycett. 

HcsonaeMUfl 6oraTCTBa RBanTysa jífl Hacroflo^aro BpeMOHH 
emie o^ohe Majo H3CJ['i^A0BaHu. IIpesA^ Bcero, BCBop'6 uocjA sa- 
HflTÍH nojiyocTpoBa, oópaxHJiH Ha ce6fl name BHHMaHÍe M'6cTopos- 
xeHÍji BOJOia, BCTp'6qaH)núflCfl bi pasHtix^B iticTaxi. Paspaóorsa 
Hxi 6uj[a Boo6n^e sanpen^eHa RHxafiCBHMi npaBHTaibCTBOici. PaH'le 
paspaÓOTHBaiíacB npeacHHiix naqajibHHBOiťb noprB-Apxypa, RHxafi- 
CKHifB renepajOMi Fy, po3CHnb y a^P^bha no^i^Hasa, ho 6uja 
ÓpomeHa, sas^E A^BaBniafl yCuxoEX. Cji^au 2se pa6oxi xhu^hhbobi 
bhahu 6ujh 60 MHoraxi M'l^ax'B. 3xh o6cxoflxejECXBa oÓpaxHjH 
Ha ce6fl BHHMaHÍe Ónsmaro naqajiBHHRa Rpaa, ROHxpi-a^MHpaJia ^y- 
(SacoBa, sanpexHBmaro ji,o6uhy 30Jioxa na RBaHxyH'6. Jí^ň BUflcne- 
híh npoMBimjieHHaro sHaqeHÍji RBanxyHCRHXi* iťJ&cxoposAenifi sojoxa, 
no corjameHÍH) mhhhcxpobx MopcRoro h seujiejífbjíui 6uji'b Ronan- 
AHpoBaHX ropnuil HH^enepi Bor^anoBH^i, npoHSBeAniiíi npe^Bapn- 
xeiBHUfl pasB^ARH sojoxa. IIo pa3CMoxp']&HÍH pe3yjiBxaxoB'B bi cbash 
Ch saRjnoneniflHH Apyrexx HHsenepoBi, onuxHuxi bi 30Jioxonpo- 
HunueHHOifB jiibjvby MHHHCxepcxBO seujiejsjbjíiň npHmjio Ri y6']&SAe- 
HÍH) o neBOSMOSHOcxH HeMej^jieHHOň pa3pa6oxRH BOJioxa na Knan- 
xyHCROMx noJiyocxpoB^. CB%A'6HÍfl o 3ajiesax'B RaMennaro yrjfl bi 
npeA'6jaxi sanflxoň uaMH xeppHxopin nojiyqaiHCB a^MHHHCxpaiáefi 
neoAHORpaxHO, ho ooqxn Bcer^a ohh ORaBBiBajiHCB HeB'6pH£iMH. 3a 
RaMeHHBitt yrojTB hphhhm&ihcb CMOjiHCXue, qepnaro iíB'6xa ciaHoiu. 

TOJBRO b6jIH3H SeJlŠSHOAOpOSHOfi CXaHOiH BaýaHBflHX HM'6K)XCfl 

yroJiBHUfl ROHH, Roxopufl npio6p%xeHU h yse paspaÓoxuBaioxcfl rh- 
xafiCROfi 3tejťksE0Ř ;^oporoň. Bi nacxoan^ee npena na RBaHxyni 
BBcnjyaxHpyioxcfl hsi HCRonaeHuxi ÓoraxcxBi jiHmb cxpoHxejBHue 
MaxepiajBi: RanenB^ H3BecrB, rJTHna h necoRi. O^hhi h3'b caMuxi 
riia6HB(X'B npoMBicjiOFL na RBanxyH^ř cocxaBjflexi ^oÓUBade cojih. 
Bcš cojieHBifl BapHHipi pacnojosenti vb naiROBOj^HBix^B MopCRHXi 
fiyxxaxx. no pasMŠpaiťB j^oóumi na nepBOM'B wkcrb cxohx^b Bhi^- 
3HB0, na BapHHi^axi Roxoparo, xaHyn^Hxcfl na npoxflSReHÍH no^xH 
AecflXH Bepcxi no 6epery 6yxxn, AoCti^a cojh Mosex^B 6uTh ao- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



684 MCTHHKl EBPOnU. 

Be^e^a ao 1.460.000 ny^OBi. ^o6iiBaHÍe npoHSBOAHTCfl BecBMa 

npHMKTHBHilMl CnOCOfiOMl.* OHO SaB^fO^aeTCH BlBBIOapHBafliH) npH 

nocpeACTB^ cojHe^Huxi jy^eíi, nopci^ň boxu, npoBe^eHHOfi wh He- 
rj![y6oKÍe BBa^paTHHe BO^oeMU. B^ nacTOfliitee BpeMfl i^hu na coa 
CTOflTb cji^AyK)ii^ifl, a HMeHHo: nepBEiň copvh 3 Ron. sa nyx^ 
BTopofi H TperiĚ copTa — no 1 V^ ROn. sa ay^^B. rj[aBH'6finiHMH lA- 
craiiH BiiBOsa cojh cjysarb BHiaficRÍe nopia Illaxd-i^su, Xaya- 
myraHX, JlyesaHAao, ^Myflroy, Tarycaei, IIIaflxaK, ^e^j h ffi., 
saHflTafl HaMH TeppHxopifl RBaBTyna n Kopea. IIepeB03Ba comr 
npoHSBOAHTCfl Ha napycHuxi BHTaficsHxi x^OHBaxi paBHHxib pad- 
M^poBx Bt flaciinflyH). Hinu ea cojb bo BjiaAHBOCTOEi — 60 — 80 b,; 
Bi Xa6apoBCB'6 — 1 p. 10 b. — 1 p. 60 Bon.; bi HiaroB^n^eBCsi 
— 1 p. 60 B. — 2 p. sa uyKb. 



^6pHHHo-3aBoxcRaa npoMHBueHHOCTB. — CysonytHce coo6iiieHÍe. — BoxHHe nyní. — Teie- 
rpa(t)H.~-KHTaňciuui BocroiHaa xopora. — OapoxoAHoe coo(kieHÍe Hopn-ApTypa ei 

TaiieHBaHoiTb. 

^aÓpHHHO-saBOACBafl npoMiimiieHHOCTb ea KsaBTyH^ no?TH BOBce 
OTcyTCTByerB. TojbBO oaho Macjio6oňHoe npoHSBOXCTBo, vb bh^ ffi- 
6HBaHÍfl 6o6oBaro Macjia h nosyneHÍfl smuxobi, BaBi» noto^earo 
npH dTOM'b npoAyBTa, npHHAJO sEdkHwiejibEue pasirlpu. Oho co- 
cpe^OTOHHJiocB Bx ropoA']^ 6hi^8hbo, ByAa ea HM^ioii^iecfl TaicE XBfb- 
ESijíjjfi,Th saBOAOBi CBOSflTCfl 6o6u Hsi OjHsafifflHxi M']&CTHOCTeB pyc- 
CBoň HacTH KBaHTyea h He&Tpajibfloň sohíi. TexHH^ecBoe cocroflHÍe 
3aB0A0Bi» HaxoAHTCfl Ha BecbMa hasboK cTeneBH. Eo6oBoe Macjo 
ynoTpefijfleTCfl B'b nHiuy BHTafii^aMH h bubosktch b% SHa^HTaabHOiii 
BOJH^ecTBi cyxHMi nyTeM'B bi MaHqsypÍK) h Mopem vb ropoxa 
noprb-Apiypx, ÍH$y, UlaHxafi, TflHb-i^aHHb h np. 

MyBOMOJibHoe hpohsboactbo orpaHHqHBaeTca bi nacTOKn^ee BpeMfl 
OAflofi, HeAaBHO nocTpoeHHOň, napoBOfi MeJibHHiíefi, bt> IIoprB-Ap- 
Typ4, npHHaAJreffiantefi pyccBO-noAAftHHOMy BHiaňuy TH(|K)HTaK). Pa- 
ÓOTaexi oHa HCBjroqHTe^HO aja HHTeHAaHTCBHXx HaAOÓHOcreft. Fo- 
AOBafl BupaCoTBa ea cocTasjíflera ao 300.000 nyAOBi. Bca no- 
TpeÓHOCTb Bi xoponiaro BaqecTBi pyccEoň MyBfc yADBiexBopaerca 
opHBoaoMi ea hsi OAeccEi h BjaAHBOcxoBa. AnepERaHCBafl Mysa 
npHB03HTCfl Hsi) ?H^y H DlaHxafl. TyseicHue mwiiejiR pasM&iHBaioTii 
sepno na MaieHbBHX^b MejibHHqax^b, npHBOAHMbix'B bi A^ficTBÍe sh- 
BOTBHMH. MyBa npH 8T0MX HOJiyqaeTCfl, Rone^HO, HHSBaro aoctohh- 



Digitizedby VjOOQIC . 



PyCCKlfl BHTAfl. 685 

CTBa, HO npoHdBOACTBO BnojH^ř yAOBj^eTBopflerb HenpHXOuHBue 
BKycQ TyseMi^eBi. Hsx ^tjpyraxx npoH3BOACTB'B, o BOxopiix^E ne ro- 
BopHJOCB paHŽe, sacJiysHBaerB ynoMHHaeifl jremb BOxeBeHEioe. Ha 
B0se6eHHKix'B saBOAaxi bx r. ĚHqsHBo BiiA'^uBaeTCfl Bosa ji^a 
XOMamHflro o6hxow ny^euufiB^h — efe^eji, cCpyn h np., ho bx 
CJiyqa'^ nocTynHBHiHxx TpeÓOBanífi, no cneiuajibHUHx saBasairB) h3- 

rOTOBJflfOTCfl BOSH 60JlÍe BiIC0BHX'L COpiOBX. 

B^b r. BflqsHBO HM^excfl HeóoJBmoŠ ^yryHO-JHTefiHufi saBOAi*, 
Ha BOTopoMx HsroTOBJfliOTCH 3eMjie;i[&[bqecBÍfl opyAÍfl TyseMHuxx 
THnoB'B H npeHa^jesHOCTH j^m 3aB0A0B'B, AOÓiiBaioii^Hxx 6o6oBoe 
Macjo. Bi IIoprB-ApTyp^ xaBse B03HHBaH)T'b noAo6HBifl lexHHqe* 
cbíh yqpeacAeHÍH, BaxoAfln^iflCfl noBa bi noArOTOBHTesbHOifB ne- 
pioA*. 

B'b 1899 r. OTBpBira nepsán Ta5aiHafl (|)a6pHBa. JI|pyrHX'B 3a- 
Be^emfi, HMŠionpixi xapaBxepx $a6pHqH0-3aB0ACB0& npoMunuieH- 
HOCTH, Ha KBaHTyH'6 E^Th, H B^B HacTOfiH^ee BpeMfl ne cyn^e- 
CTByeTB yc;iOBÍfi jifi& ux^h B03HHBH0BeHÍfl. TpyAHO npeABvijs,^Thy slto6u 

Wh dTOWb OTHOmeHÍB MOrJIH H3MÍHHTbCfl OÓCTOflXeJlbCTBa B^b ÓJIE- 

safimeMi Óy^ymeni, xoxh yperyjEpoBanie ycaoBÍž no npio(5p4xe- 
híh) seMejbHEixi yqacxBOBi bx co6cxBeHHOCXb Mosexi jifijb xoď- 
^OK'b H axoMy A^y* 

CyxonyxHUfl coo6u](eHÍH npoHSBO^flxcfl B'b Hacxofln^ee BpeMH 
no rpynxoBUMX AOporaifi, npojosenHUMX a^a xaišrb, h mhofhmx 
xponHHBaMi, roAHUM'b flflE BbioHHuxx SHBOxHux^b H n^^mexo^OBi. 
EAHHCXBeHHofi 6ojte y^oÓHofi BOJiecHoň ^oporofi npeACxaejflexcfl 
xaBi Ha3biBaeMafl „MaHAapHHCBaa'' Aopora, coeAHHflion^afl nopx'b- 
Apxypí Ch IÍ3HBbH»oy, ox'b Boxopofi 6jh3x nocji4;íHflro nyHBxa 
OTxoAHxi B'£xBa ua Ta^iieHBaHx. Ovh TajiienB^Ha ;^ajibnie HAyxi 
ABÍ BOJiecHbifl AoporH: na noprb AAaifCB h Bhií3hbo. RpoM*]^ sxHx^b 
rjaBHuxi AopoFb, nepedsaioniHXi nojyocxpoB^b bi npoAOJbHOM^b 
HanpaBjeHÍH^ ecxb H'6cB0JibB0 6obobuxi nonepe^Huxx, coeAHHflio- 
n^xx <5oď%e Baa&Hbie nyHBxu. EojibniHHCXBo axHXx nyxefi na- 
CTOJbBO xyAOy 1x0 no hhmx no^xH HeB03M0»H0 ABHseBÍe Aame 
^(ByBOJiOBx. Bx ropHCXBixx yqacxBaxx nojyocxpoBa eAHHCXBeHHUMR 
nyxflMH coo6u](eHÍfl asjíflioxcH y3BÍfl xponHHBH. Macca helih bx 
cyxoe BpeMfl roja, HeBUjasHan rpfl3b b% nepio^x watAefi h o6HJiie 
BaMHefi no Aoporairb BecbMa BaxpyAHHfoxx npo'63A'B, npHBO^flxx 3bh- 
nasH BX HOJiHyio Hero^HOCXb h nopxflxx hofh ynpflmnbíMi* skhbox- 
Biufi. Bdb BOo6u^e ^oporn npoBJíaABiBajiHCb 6e3i> BCflBaro njiaHa, 
HM^fl nepBOHaqajBHO uíkihTo coeflHHHXb 6jiH3Jieatantifl cejieHia; — no 
9T0fi npHHHH'6 6ojíhmia AoporH h3bhjihcxu, A'&jaK)X'B mhofo ne- 
Hymnuxx CBopoxoBx h oxBJiOHflK)xcH oxx npflMoro HanpaBjíeHÍfl, 

ToMi y.— Okwbpi, 1902. 44/iT 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



686 raoTHHBi EBPomi. 

npoxoAfl qepesi bcip^^hhiia ;íepeBHH. CocTOflHÍe Aoporn saBHCHTb 
OTh CBOficTBa noTOH, no EOTopofi OHa npojieraers. Jíopora, npo- 
xo^íHmafl no MflrKofi rjHni, nocTenenDo npHHflja yrjyÓjreHHyio npo- 
^Rjib^ KO Jien rjiy6oKO BptsajHCb, h bo BpeMfl ^os^efi ona npeACTaBJíflen 
C060K) KopuTo, nanojiHeHHoe KH;íKofl rpasEio. Ha CKaxaxx ropi 
BCTp^ř^aiOTCfl RaMeHHCTUfl MŽcTa ch MaccoH) Topqan^Hxi BaMnefi, a 
B-B HHBHHaxi nonajíaiOTCfl yTOCTKH — Bepcru 2 — 3 — puxjiaro necEy. 
Ho Bce-ate caMUMH xy^meMH yqacTaaMH Aoporn HBiflioTca x*, Vfiíb 
rpyerL coctobti^ mi> KaMHB h fjihhii, pasMusaeMofi bo BpeMfl 
;^oatAeft BOAoň, na jíoporfi oópaayeTCfl pa^i* bh^Johhx h pHXBHffB, 
a orojreHHHe BaMHH bucoko Top^arL najiix nojornoMi j^oporn, npe^- 
eTaBJíflji cepbesHoe npen^TCTBÍe jiab BBnnaxa h joma^efl. HlHpHHa 
AopoPB Becbifa nepaBEOMipna, on xpexx caseneS ao yssofi Ka- 
naBii, no KOTopofl Ch xpy^toMi MoaterL npoixaTt o;íea xe^ira. 
Boo6me Bci Aoporn bosjiš cejiemň h y ycrta ^ojihb^ aobojbho 
niHpoKH, HO wbiA% AftJBme BTflrHBaioTCfl bi ropu, t^m'b cranoBATCfl 
yase H Kx nepeBajy, oÓHKflOBenHO, nepexo^arB bx ysKÍa xpona. 
FopHHfl xponHHKH xaEKe onenb saxpy^HHxejibHU a-ia ABHaeeifl, 6y- 
AyHH yc^HHu RaMHflMH H HM^fl Maccy Bpyxiixx noA'beMOBi H cny- 
CBOBX. PeMOHxi 3A']&niHHXi Aopori HMEorAa ne npoHSBOAHJCfl h 
HHKxo ne saÓoxHJiCfl o6i» hxx yjiyqnieHÍH. Bi> ocofiennocxH Óojihmiň 
Hey^oÓcxBa Ma jifinsíeEia flBJ!iflH)TCfl bo BpeMfl j^os^efi, fl^Jinmjnxcfi 
ch BOHiiia ifOHfl Ao ceHXHÓpfl M^lcflqa. B'b xasoe speMH rjry6oRafl, 
jiHnRafl rpfl3b xo-icxum^e caoeM^B noBpuBaerb Aopory, bojích npe- 
Bpan^aioTCfl b'b uibjíue Baeaju jeharoB rpfl3H, na KB,m.ji,owh máry 
nonaAaioxcfl bii6ohhu h ocxpiie BaMHH, Bojreca xo-h-a^o yxo^an 
B-B rpyHxx, a nepe^HAfl ocb saqacxyK) bojtobomx H^exi no rpasH, 
HaxajiBHBaHCb Ha BaMHH; joma^H cBojbsaxi, cnoxHBafoxcfl h qacxo 
na^aiox^b, ne Cy^y^H B'b cocxoflHÍH BUTan^HXb sac^BniiS vb rpaab 
SEHnasi. KpafiHe Hey^OBJíeTBopHxejibHoe cocxoaHie Aoporb na 
nojiyocxpoBÍ oCiacHaexcfl cpaBHHxeJbHO He6ojbnioft noBepxHOCxbio 
ero, o6jiaAaHÍeMi» ajíhhhoS óeperóBoň jhhíh, Boxopaa, xoxh h ne 
BCiOAy yAOÓOAOCxynna, ho, x4mx ne MeHÍe, AonycBaexx bo3mox- 
Hocxb nocTOflHHaro coo(5^^eHifl Meas^y npHňpejEHHMH nyHBxaMH npH 
noMon^H cyAOBx MicxHaro xnna. BcjriícxBie axoro ne 6ujio 6ojb- 
niofi Heo(5xoAHMOcxH bx upoBe^enÍH no nojyocxpoBy xopomHX^AO- 
poFb AJifl ABHseHÍfl xoproBuxx ofiosoBi, Boxopae h bi> Hacxofln^ee 
BpeMfl cobcímx He Bcxpínaioxca. YcxpoficTBO npcAnojiaraeMoi ho- 
Bofl BoeHHofi AoporH Hsi DopTx-Apxypa bi IIopxi-AAaMcx, a vbwh 
Óojvke cxpofln;aflCfl sejiisHaa Aopora, snaqHxejibHO yjyHmarb cpeA- 
cxBa coo6n;eHÍfl. DpoBe^eHÍe nonepeqnHXi EOJiecHHXt nyxeB wh 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



pyCCKlfi KHTAfl. 687 

Kpa'& xiB4HeTca acejiaiejiBHiiM^B, KaR^ b% aAMHHHCTpaTHBHOMi, Tasx 

H Bl» aROHOMHHeCBOMl OTHOmeHÍflXX. 

Cpe^CTBaMH nepe^BHaeHifl rpysoBi h jro^eft aa KBaHTyeí 
aai)iK)TCfl ocofiaro po^a M'fecTHHfl TejvktE h bkickh. TejiirH paajii- 
JuiOTca ao qucjy ynpaaiHux^E ďbHBOTBBixi h sojiH^iecTBy ooj^hh- 
ifaeMaro rpysa na xpe po^a: bx xejitrH nepBaro po^a sanpflraK)!^ 
ort 7 flo 9 sHBOTHHxi, T.-e. MyjOBx, joma^efi h ocjob^, nsóíraa 
<Shrobi; 8TH Tejitra noAHHMaiorL otl 90 ;ío 120 ny^OBi rpyaa, 
HQ. Bx cyxoe BpeMfl roAa, bo spěna jiftSRjífiíL hjh pacayiHi^iii rpysi 
sHaHHTejibHO yóaBjíaeTca; oh4 ciymarB cneqíajtEO A-^a nepeB03KH 
iMa^efi fla 6oj']ke AAJSHÍa pascToania h jsfiLTne sa npe^ci^jiEi nojiy- 
ocrpoBa AO ÍHet^acoy, $yq3Koy, HHbKoy h ^aKe MyK^eHa. Bioporo 
poAa TCJiírH sanparaíOTca 4 — 5 »hbothhmh, cJiyaaTi ÓOJihmew 
nacTbio Aia aepeB03SH rpy30Bi nes^y m^cthbimh ToproBUMd nyns- 
TaMH, a Taase HasaMaioTca 6% paóoxy b^ ropo^ax^, js^jih no^Bosa 
crpoHTejbHLixi MaiepIajiOBi. SanpasRa hx'b ee Tan^ aBRypaTHa^ 
saR% aepBUXx; wh 8th Teji'6rH ^acio snparaiOTB Gbikobi; noA'beM- 
Haa Hxx CHJia orB 40 jí,o 70 nyjoBx. HaKOHei^-B, ipeiifi pOA'B le- 
jiirB — MtcTHEia cejibCKia, sanpaaEa KOToptixi coctohtb hsx 3 — 4 

JBHBOTHblX'^, HMŠlOIAHXCa B'B X03afiCTB'6, OT^erO Eep^XRO MOSHO BH- 

jsíbub Bx OAHOň ynpasBt Myjra, BopOBy, Jioma^b h ocja. Cjiysarb 
3TH Teji']&rH A^a cejibCBHxx pa6oTx h no^BOBa bx ropoA'B pasHuxi 
npeAMeTOB:b xoBaficxBa; noAHHMaíOTX oh* 30—40 ny^OBi. Bc4 xe- 
ji^VB npHHaA^emaTi ki o^HOMy THny h coBepmeHHO cxo^hu no 
ycxpoňCTBy, pasHHBia JiHrab bi paBMipaxi. Tejiira Micxnaro npo- 
HSBOACXBa AByxBOJecHaa, Becbna xaTse^a h nenoBopoxjiHBa. Ocho- 
BaHÍeM^ ea ciysHrb AepeEaHnaa pana^ B'b BOxopoK nar^yxo npH- 
sp^njieHii ABoe KopoxKHxi orjo6eJib h xaseiuň ^omaxHft Eysos^. 
^aa HHSfflHxi BOJieca xome coejaiHHeHH xojcxofi AepeBaHHoft ocbK), 
Bpaii^aK)ii;efica bu^ctí cx bhmh. CaMua BO.ieca ycxpoefiu H3'b ao- 
ii(aTUX'b nojiyKpyroKb, KOxopHe bmícxo chhux coeAHHaioxca AByna 
TOJiCTHHH nepcBJíaAHHaMH. OfioAx oóxaeyxx cocxasHoS mejifeHoft 

niHHOfiy BX ROXOpyK) 3aR0JI0?eH0 MHOrO TBOB^efi, CRp^IlMHIOn^HX-B 

mHBy Cb ROJiecoM'b. C6oRy o6oAa xoate nocaateHi ujkjiuŘ pa^"^ 
rBOd^eft Cb xojicxbíMfl mjianRaMH h saRjeiiRaMH, oSpasyion^aMH 
saBx 6u cmomHyK) OROBRy. Pana cb Ry30B0M'b Rjia^exca noBepx'b 
ocH H y^epatHBaexca oco6umh no^yjiy^xaMH, CAijaflHUMH bx xoj- 
CTOň A^peBaHHOĚ HaRjaAR'!, np(iRp'6njeHH0& R'b pan*]^. 3anpasRa 

OCblRHOBeHHO COCXOHX'b H3X ROpeHHHRa Bl ROpOXRKX^b OVJlOÓJlRX^h H 

npHCxaacRx ea yHOcaxi. Bi* oĎment, Bce 9xo nenoBopoxjHBO, 
rpyCo R MaccHBHo. Bjiaro^apa rpoMa^Hoft xaatecxH h y3RHM'b 
ocxpHMi) ROJiecaMx, RHxaftcRaa xeaira cxparano nopxHxx Aoponi, 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



688 BfiCTHHKI^ EBPOnH. 

r:iy6oBO Bp'68£[BaflCB bi seiuio; BOjeca otípaayiorb ROJeH, Hdi bo- 
Topux'L TpyAHo Bu6paTbCfl. Hama 4>opMeHHafl ^ByBOJiBa, no cpasne- 
híh) cb BHTaficBofi, JierBa na xoxy, noBopoTJHBa h npoHHa, xoTa 
Euien-h H CBOH cJiaÓHfl cTopoHEi. FjiaBHoe HeyAo6cTBO ea npH 
ABHseBÍH no sjíjbmBEWh Hcnop^ennuMi ^oporaiTB — ^to cpaBHHTeiiiHO 
mnpoBifi ea xoai, OT^ero o^no bojícco H^erB no BOJie-fe, a Apyroe 
Bce BpeMfl BaiHTCfl no Bepxy, HasjíOHaa noBOSBy na 6obi; ApyrHM's 
HeyAoGcTBOMi abjihiotch eenoiri^pHO j^jiBEEUň orjioÓJH, noBHAHMony 
pasc^HTaBHUfl Ha Óojibmyio^ pocjiyH) Joma^B, a ne na HejtBHX'B) bo- 
poTRHXi saÓaiiBaJiBCBHXi H yecypifiCBHXi ^Eoma^OE^, OT^ero bo 
BpeMfl cnyCBa cb ropi bohuu orjoOejiB Cbeotb jioma^efi no fojob^ 
H whmM)Tb HiťB npH nOBopoTax^B. Bo bcabomx osy^at, nama ^sy- 
^jiBa, co BC^MH ea HCAOCTaiBaMH, 6oJite nparoAaa, neaieJiH ne- 
yBJífoauifl BHTaficBaa Tej['6ra, nameAniafl ce6Í MHornxi CTopoHoir- 
BOBI, 5;iaroAapfl CBoeft npoqnocTH h na ocHOBaHÍH mh^^hía, hto bca- 
Baa TOJi^ra TyseMnaro Tnna, BupaÓoiaHHaro AO^rojiiEiHirB ona- 
TOM^B, AOJisHa 6BITB Óojito npHcnocoÓJieHa bi> m'6cthum'b yciOBÍaMi*. 
Ho B'B RHTaš na aasAOMX máry BCTp'6qaeTCfl Macca laBHxx ne- 
coo6pa3HOCTefi, BOTopBra o6iflCHflfOTCfl jmrnB pyTHHOfi h bochoctbh> 
BHiafiqa. 

KpoM-b TOJi^^rB, A^fl nepeaosBH rpysoax BCTp^^qaioTCfl He$o.ibmÍH 
TeJi^BH CB BpuTUMx BysoBOMi; cnoE^iajibHO ]i^a naccasHpOBx oh^ 
xaase na AByxi BOJiecax^B, no sHanHiejibHO Jierqe^ h BOjreca ne 
npnsp^niieHH ivb ocflM'B. 3anpflSBa TaBnxx TejšseB'B oÓuBnoBenHO 
cocTOHTB HSi jsfijx^h My;iOB'B: OAHoro BopeHHHBa H npncTflSBH na 
ynoci Bnepe^H ero. Bx ropoAaxx ajie nepeBOSBH TaacecTeB yno- 
TpeÓJfliOTca Ta^BH na oahomx B0iiec6, BOBHMUfl jiioabmh; laBars 
TaqeB'B cpaBHHxejiBHO Majio, owb nepemjiH bi eaMi cx inan^yna. 
Ta^Ba noAHHMaerB obojo 15 — 17 nyAOB'B h aobojibho jerBa na 
xoAy. Topnae yqacTBH nojyocxpoaa, r^* ee mojkot^b npoflrH xe- 
dšra, noJBsyioxcfl HCBJíoqHxediBHO bbiobomx. Gijs^io h sbiomeha npn- 
cnocoCjrenifl oqeeB opocxH h jierBH. Cía^io cocxohxx m-h ^epeane- 
naro jienqHBa, na Boxopufi BJia^excs rpysi b'b Bop3HHaxi hjh se 
vb M'&mBaxx; Maraifi rpy8'B, aaax-xo MyBa h sepno, boshxca aa- 
HacxyK) npflMO 6e3'B c^jí^jisl^ na cuiAwk ďLHBOxnaro, xoxa xaaott cuo- 
co&h naiBsa npHsnaxB jjíflÓBuwb npn aa^bhhxi nepexoAax'B. IELh- 
BoxHHfl, ynoxpeÓJiaeMHfl j^b nepeBosBH, — ncBjíoHHxejiBHO M-fecxnoft no- 
poABi MyjBi, joma^H, ocjih h 6ubh; nepBBie xpH H^yxi saBB btb 
sanpflSB'^, xaB'B h no^^B bbiobx, h noA'B aepxi; (Jubh aie (a xaBse 
H BopoBKi) — HCBJíioqHxeJiBHO JiHnib Bx ynpfl»H. Bci neperacjieHHBiff 
aBHBOXHHfl, BpoMÍ ÍEiBOBi, Byioxcfl. j^jfl 8Toro ynoxpeÓ-iflioxcfl r.iaA- 
BÍfl; xoHBÍH noABOBu 663^ mHnoBi; nocjiÍAHÍe 3aMÍHflK)xca 6ojiBmHifH 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



PyCCKlfi EHTAft. 689 

ocTpuiiH maflORaMH noAKOBOiHux^B raos^efi. Cnoco6:B bobbh ao- 
BOJiBHO CBoeoÓpaseHi: sHBOiBoe cnyTUBaioTb h ycTaeasjíHBaiorB 
jiesAy AByMfl chojiÓhuEj coeAflHeHHUHH nepeimaAHHofl, na ROTopofi 
npHnoAHBJíaiorb ero CJierKa, a sai^Mi yse npHCTynaioTi r^l bobr^^, 
ynorpefíjiM wfl aioro ÓoJihmeio nacTbio xcjo^eHa hoarobh. Mcj- 

BHX1> SKHBOTHUXX, BaB'B-TO OCSOB^B, nyTaK)TB H JtyK>Th, CBaJHBIOH Ba 

aeMJiio. IIoAX BbiOBi ynoTpe($JiflK)Tca o6BiBHOBeHHO Myjiti h ocjiu, 
npHqeMi uyn MoaterB no^HATB Ha ce6fl otb 6 ao 7 ny^OBi, a 
oceJTB — OBOJO 4 AO 5 ny^OB^. IIpH CBoefi bo^bhirbocth, buhocjh- 

BOCTH H HenpHXOTJHBOCTH BX OBB^^, OCJIU flBJIfllOTCfl uesaifiBHMHMH 

.2BHB0THUMH Ha RBaHTyBt, H OBH MoryTB 6uTb Cb HOJibSofi yno- 

ipeÓJineuu npn ABHseHÍH oipAjiOBi no ropBofi m^cthocth, rjiib obe 

Ch ycnixoMi Moryrt CJiiAOBaiE BCiOAy, ta* nporaeai qejOB^feBx. 

RojH^ecTBO nepcBOBOHBHxx cpeACTBx, T.-e. TOCJio Tejirx h 

^HBOTBUXX, rOAHUX^L JÍAB yopA^^RH H UOJkT> BEiOBl, BO OTHOmeflÍH) 

^HcaeHHOCTH flacejeHÍH, HesBa^HiejsBo. PacnpeA'i^jeBÍe nepeBOsoq- 

BHX-B CpeACTBTb HepaBH03l4pHOe: BX rOpHCTHXX J^aCTBaXTb TejrifePB 

6*6x1 coBC^Mi; oflš crpynnHpoBaBH y ÓojibniHX^B Aoporb h bi míct- 
HOCTH, AonycEaion^eli sojecfloe ABHxeHÍe. 6cji'6ACTBÍe p'6ABaro na- 
cejreHÍfl b'b ropax'B, pa6oqaro CBOTa lani oqeBb najio. HphCjhsh- 
TajLHO Ha 100 ABopoBx BpHXOAHTCfl OBOJO 25 — 30 lejiirB, mb 
cociaBHT-B Bcero oeojio 7.000 xejiirL Ha EBaHiyHCBÍfi nojyocipoBi, 
opHqeMi 6oJibnTHflCTBO h31 bhxi> aptfxoAHTCfl Ha c^Bepsyio nacTb 
naiyccrpoBa. YspasBiix^b h BbK)?Hyxi xhbothux^, wb csyqa^ ne- 

06X0AHM0CTH, MOaíHO COtípaib BHaiBTeJIbHOe BOJHqeCTBO, HO 9T0 Tfl- 

asejio OTOSBajiocb 6bi na BacejeBÍH h ero xosflficTBÍ, TaBi BaB^b 
HaaHmBa CBora na EBaBTyni óesyciOBHO HŠTb, b ero xBaxaerx 

JHOIB na IflCTBblfl Ha^OfiBOCTH. 

HŠCBOJbBO ropaUXl Bp^lSefi, co CBOHMH MHOrO^HCJieHHlIMH OT- 

poranH, Apo6flTii KBaHTyHCBÍfi nojyocTpoBi aa MBosecTBO MejBBX^ 
AOJiHHi H yn^ejiifi, fle AaBaa bosmoshocth o6pa30BaTbCfl ÓOJibmHiťb 
cyAOxoABum hjh pjBLme cnjiaBBbíMi p^Bam; eyn^ecTByfon^ifl p6«iBH, 
flM%H)n;ÍJi Óojbrneio HacTbio BBA'b ropHuxx hotobobx, jifiLTSie vb cbohx^ 
HH30BbAxx ne npHroAHU mb njaBanifl nejiBOCBAHn^Hrb ji0A0B'b. 
Bi IIopTi-ApTypí H TajieBBafli npHXOAHTi AOBOJibBO sna^H- 

TeJlbHOe BOJIH?eCTBO BHTafiCBHXl napyCHUXl A^OHOB^, BOTOpUfl AO- 

craBUiOTX rpysu hsi BHTaficBBxi nopxoBi: IQaHxafl, ?H(|»y, Hfo?- 
syana h JI^aAyHroy, npE^ea^b H3'b nocj^AHflro BbiBOSHxcfl rjiaB- 
HfiíMx oópaaoifb Jitcb, BAyntift na HHseHepBUfl h sejitsBO-AoposHua 
QocxpofiBH. npH BSTJia]Á Ha Bapxy KBaHxyncBaro nojyocxpoBa Ba- 
sajiocb 6U) ?xo HO oqepxaHÍK) 6eperoBi h, cpaBHHxaibHO cb ero 
nOBepxHOCXbK), rpoMa^nofi 6eperoBofi jnifliH, ob'b AOJiaLeBi 6u 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



690 mcTHHBi^ SBPOini. 

OÓJia^ATb XOpomHMH MOpCKHMH COOÓn^eHÍflMH; HO BCJréACTBÍe MejRO- 

BOAbfl 6ojibmHHCTBa 6yxrB, a oaBQUMi oópasoiii 3a oicyíCTBieirb 
Ha^oÓHOCTH, napoxo;íiioe cooCmeHÍe, bi Hacxoflmee speMa, cyme- 
CTByerB Jifímh uesíjiy nopraMH ApTypoifE h TajrieeBaHOMx. OcraiB- 
HBie noprá, sa HCRJiioqeHieMX BflqsHBO, HM^iorB Avimh iiicTHoe sna- 
^enie h cjiyasarB a^a ctoahrh ^(sohobi, saBHMaioioiHxcfl puCHUM^b 
npoMBicjioifB H Ra60TameMx. 

KHTaficRÍfl napycHUfl cyAa no BejiHqRH'! h ycTpofiCTBy CuBaiorb 
AByx^ poAOBi: Tan^ HasBiBaeMUfl a^ohkh ^MHHi-qyaHx" h „caM- 
naHb". ^JROHBH noAHHMaiorB orb 30 jsfl 35 tuca^i ny^OBi rpysa, 
H coofípasEO 8T0My ÓHBaion. o;ího-, ;iByxx- h Tpext-MaqroBHH. Koh- 

CTpyRI^ifl HXl COBepmeHHO OAHSaROBa, sa HaJUMH BHA0H3HÍHeHÍflHH. 
BeCb OCTOBX — HS-B TOJICTHXl COCHOBtíXX (ípyCbeBl, a 06raHBRa— HS^b 

njaxi, CRp'&njieHiibixi iieacAy co0ok) SReji^zEuuE CRo6aMH h 6oji- 
TaHH. JI^Ho COBepmeHHO nJiocRoe, ch opHnoARflTofi Ropnofi h ho- 
coMi; najiyóa saRpuŤan, cx H^CROJbRHMH jioRaMH, 3anHpaH)n^HMHC}i 
HÍirjiyxo BO BpeMfl BO^Heflifl. Et^ROTopun H3'b ascohors CuBaiorb 
pa3;^'&ieHEi HenpoHHqaeMUHH nepe6opRaMH na HÍCROJirbRO orjbie- 
HÍtt. Fpysii noM'6ii^aeTCfl bx rpioMaxi, a TaRse h na ubjiy6% a 
nepeBOSHMUfl 6peBHa hjih 6pycbfl npHBflsuBaiOTCH ho oCohitb (5op* 
xaMx ;í»ohrh, hímx BUHrpuBaeTCfl noMtcTHTejbHOcrb cy^na, ho 
saTO BecbMa BaMeA^aeicfl ero zoxh. Uo BHjicy ;i[jrohsh HeyRjirosn, 
HO wb A^flcTBHTejbHOCTH p6jia;(aH)Tx xopoHiHMH MopcRHMH Ba^e- 
CTBaHH. KHTaficRÍe MopflRH, xopomo osnaROMJieHHbie ch Ra^ecTBasB 
CBOHxx cyAOBx H cymecTByiOHíHMH B% STHXX mnpoTaxx BÍTpaMH, 
se sa^ynuBaflCb, nycRaiOTCH 3a H^cROJbRO corb MHJib bx iiope, r^t 

OpieHTHpyiOTCfl HO 3B'&3AaM'b H ROMHaCy, Cb ROTOpUMX BHOJIHt 

osuaROMJieHii. BjiaroAapa nJiocROMy Any, a^kohrh hmí^iotb ^ocTynx 

HOHTH BO BCi 6yXTH, TJlib OH* OCTaiOTCa B% 0»H;íaHÍH npHJHBa, Cb 

ROTopuMx H yxoAai-b oťípaTHO. Ha cJiyiaH • mrajia, a TaRaie J^ň 
Bbixo^^a H3i ysRofi raBaHH^ sanojinenHoK cy^aMH, Ha Ras;toft ;(sohkí 

HMÍeTCa H^CROJIbRO AJÍHHHHXX BeCCJIX, BHABHraeMUXX C% (JopTOBX 

H Cb RopMbi. 3thmh BecjiaiíR He rpeGyrB, RaRx o^uRHOBeHHUMH, a 
apaiuaioTb m% CTopoHU bx CTopouy na npo^inoMx tnneHbR*, yRpin- 
jeHHOMx B-b Copiy, BCJi4wTBÍe nero hxx RpHBua JionacTH íW- 
CTByioTb Ha HOAOÓHÍe BHHTa; rx BecjiaMx npHÓ^raiorb Jtmnb bx 
HCRJiiOHHTejibHbixx cjiyqaaxb, TaRx RaRx A'9^ficTB0BaTb hmr Becbua 
xamejio. IIpH ^ojibHiHXx AHOHRaxx mwkiorcn HeÓojbmia hjocroaoh* 
Hua JiOARH AJiň cb*3Aa na (^eperx; bo Bpeifa xo^a oh* o^urbo- 
BeHBO HOATarHBaioTca na fijiORaxx h yRp^ojiaiOTCa na RopMt. 9kh- 
naaLx a«ohorx coctohtb h3X 9 — 18 qejroBiRx b noM^n^aerca bx 
ocoduxx, HeCojibHiHxi Raioxaxx, ycTpoeHHuxx bi TpioM*; sa^cb se 



Digitized by VtOOQIC 



pyccKiň khtaS. 691 

HM^eTCfl oqarB a^a npHroTOBJieHÍH nHn^e; ea najiy6^ yEp'£aJEeHa 
Coibmafl 6oHKa cx sanacoMx bo^bi. CHapflaeHie ^^kohoki coctohts 
Hsx 2 HJiH 3 HeiBipexyroJibHuxx napycosx, CAÍJiaoHHX-B hsi rpy- 
6oĚ TBaHH, a HHorAa hsi iíhhoboki. Biopofl bhat* KHiaiícKHXx cy- 
/^OBx HOCHTx MicTHoe HasBaHÍe „caMnaHs": 9T0 — njocBOAOHHHa jlojí,k% 
noAHHMaiomifl OTx 90 ao 100 nyAOBx rpysa, h ĎHBaiorB AByxT> cop- 
TOBx: o^hí npeACTaBjfliorB co6oň HeÓOJibinifl joabh, cjryatamifl 
oÓuBHOBeHHO jí^iň nepeB03BH naccaaLHpoB'L cb óepera ea cyAa, a 
TaBse A^ JioBjH ycrpHi^x h piifiu B&iHdH 6eperoBi; noAieMHaa 
HXTb CHJia He 6ojie 40 — 45 nyAOBx. Ko BTopoft KaieropiH otho- 

CflTCH AOBOJIbHO 60JíbmÍE JIO^BH, Ha KOTOpMXI^ npOHSBOAHTCfl pLl5HUft 

npoMHceJx, ;^fl nero npnxoAHTCfl HHor^a BuísMiaTb Bepcn^B ao- 
15—20 B'L Mope; npn icaa^AOK xasofi jiojíjA HM'leTCfl Ma^xa h na- 
pycb, a TaB2Be ;^Ba Becjia Ha ciyqafi mxHJifl. YcipoňcTBO -io^oki- 
o6oHX'B poAOB-B nOHTH oj^HHaEOBoe: AHO iiJOCKoe, HOCB cjierEa npH- 
noAHHTi, Euieica najiyóa cb npopydjieHHbíMx jiioBOM^b, Koxopufi y 
jiOAOB-b nepBaro xHna ^OBOJbHO 6o:ibniofl, ct> ycxpoeHHHMH chaí- 
híhmh, a y Bxopuxx — ropas^o MeHbrae h, b-b cjiyqai HenoroAH, mo- 
sEievh saBpHBaxbCfl Hárjyxo, ttoÓu ero ne sajHBajo boaoR. Ch- 
jiflTh OH* Bb boaí, ÓjaroAapfl nJiocKOMy jiny, jerab H-icKOJbEO Bepin- 
KOBX, ox^ero Moryxi Bcio^y DpHCxaBaxb. 

EAHHCXBeHHUMX BaitÍOHaJIbHL]M'B CpeACXBOMX C006[IieHÍfl KBaH- 

xyea cx EsponeScKOio Pocciefi cjysaxx napoxoAH „06mecxBa ;^o6po- 
BOJibHaro ýwioxa*. Xoxa MHoiie, bx ocoOeoHOcxH 6oA^e cocxoaxeab- 
Hue Jiío^H npeAHoqHxaioxx nojbsoBaxbca napoxoAaMw HuocxpaHHXx 
jHHÍfi, HO rjiaBHafl nacca pyccEHxx Jiiojifii, iiymnxx Mopeni, 
c-!i'feAyexx Ha cyAaxx „jo6poBOJibHaro (|)joxa", na Koxopaxx AOCxaB- 
jiflioxcfl H Bci poccificKÍe rpysu. Uopxx-apxypcEoe xoproBoe co- 
cjiOBÍe, cofiHpaBffleeca na cxo^u bx ix)poACEoft eommhccíh, ne- 
OAHORpaxHO HOj^aBajio saflojieuifl h npocbÓBi o6i> yjyqmeHÍH no- 
cxaeoBKH jiíkjidL ^AoCpoBOJibHHMx ^JoxoM-b" Ha mícx*. JKajy- 
loxcfl Ha npesMÍpnyK) npojíOJmHxejibHOCXb caÍAOBaHifl rpyaoBx msx 
O^eccH, BCJi-lACXBÍe neBuroAnaro pocnHcania, no EOxopoMy MHorie 
napoxoAU MHayiorb UoprB-Apxyp-b h aaBOSflxx rpyau bo Bjia^H- 
BOCXOEX, — na nacxHfl HenpaBHJbHOcxn bx copxnpoBKi rpysoBx, 
BCJi§ACXBÍe qero ohh saBOsaxcfl bx qymie nopxit, — na oxcyxcxBÍe bx 
Dopxx-Apxypfc cnei^iajibHoň arenxypu o6mecxBa, aaBiAHBanie eo- 
xopofi MÍcxHHMx oxAÍ-ieHÍeMx pyccEo-EHxaBcKaro Óansa ne ;^ocxh- 
raexx yAOBJiexBopHxe.ibHHXx pesyjibxaxoBx; na BHCOEyío njaxy sa 
BHrpysEy xoBapoBx, npn ^eraeBHSHi qepHopaSoqaro xpy^a bx IIopxx- 
Apxyp'£; na nenpaBHJibHoe B3HMaHÍe AonojHHxe.ibHaro c6opa sa 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



692 BftCTHHKl.EBPOIIH. 

xpaHesie h sa BaucsaHÍe noje^Kajaro sa rpysBi, ne BSflTue CBoe- 
BpeMeHHO nojiynaTejieM-B no bhhí caMoro areHxcTBa, h npoH. 

M'£cTHoe coo6iiieBie RBaBTyna ch nopTaiíH JífljibEíLTO Bocrosa 
noAAepaiHBaeTCfl, 6oÁÍe hjh Meoie npasH^iBHO, MopcRHiťB napoxoA- 
CTBOiťL „06iAecTBa i^viTBiŘCKO-sie^iBEOŘ jiflpoviA^ y o6mfiCTBOWb napo- 
xoACTBa „nieBej[eBT>u K^"" H B^CKOJihREun HHOCipaHHUMH napoxo- 
AaMH noA'B repMaucKHMi h HopBe»CBHM'B ^jiaroMi, (|)paxTyeHiiMH 
BJiaAHBOCTOKCKOH) (|)HpMOH) KyHCTx H AjbfíepcL. CBepxi Toro, co- 
Aepsajii npaBHJiBHue peiiCBi sa^paxiOBaHHKrK BoeHHUMi b^aom- 
CTBOMi napoxoA^ „PyccKaro o6mecTBa napoxoACTBa h ToproBjíH* — 
„KopHHJOBx". KpoMi BTHx-B cpoHHUxx napoxo^OB-B, Hopii-ApTypí 
nocitiAalorb BpeMfl otl BpeMenn rpysoBue napoxo^u pasHUxi (|)aa- 
roBi> H RBTaUcBÍe BoeHHue TpaHcnopTu, saHHMaron^iecfl ROMMepqe 

CBHMH DepeBOSBaMH. 

IlapoxoACTBo BHiafiCROfi mejí^snoíL Bocxoquofi AoporH Haqajo cboh 
onepaiíÍHBxceHTa6p41898roAa, pa6oTafl HCKJiioqHTejiBHO ajw Hys^i 
a:ejrÍ3Ho8 Aopom. B% Mapiš 1899 ro^a y^pes^eno 6ujío OTjcbJíh' 
Hoe OTh aAMHHHCTpaiUH Aoporn ynpaBJíeBie aiHiíi napoxo^Huin 
npeAupÍBTÍeifB, h o6n^ecTBO CTajo coAepsaxb maHxaficKyio h bji^ah- 
BOCTOKCKyio cpo^BUfl jihbíh, cb saxoAOMx Bi ÍH$y, TííHBTaft (Kiao- 
qao) H HaracaKH, h, BpoM']^ loro, M^ciHLie peficti, aobojibbo ^acTue, 
MesAy ApiypoMi h ?H(|)y, Mejs^y Aprypoirb h TajiieHBaBOM^B, a 
TaBaie Hecponeue peiicu bi> IlHbBoy. Bea^ai^ napoxo^u xoahjh 
noA'B BHxaiicBHMi ^Jia,Towby BO BnocJi'&^cxBÍB, CB 18 Hapxa 1899 
ro;ía, bo^íbajih BaBx noAofiaexx, pyccBÍB $JiarB. DapoxoAOBx HMŠexcfi 
BOCeMB. napoxoABoe npeAnpiaxie BHxaficBofi Bocxoqaofi seji^Bofi 
;íoporH — A^Jio BOBoe HaeMorao eme cxaxB bx Ba^^iesan^ee, sptn- 
Boe nojioxeuie bi cmeicji^ opraBHsaqÍH cpo^aaro, BnojiB']^ opaBHJB- 
Haro coo6iiteflifl, a noxoiiy oe ssó^sajio BapeBaBÍň aa neperyjiflpflOCXB 
jiEnsíeBia^ BeycxpoesBOCXB, Bucoxy 4^paxxoB!B (Banp. sa xoHBy hsi 
niaBxafl Bi nopxi-Apxypí* BoceMB AOJiJapoB^) h np., bo bo bcabomb 
CJiy^at, noflBjeHie napoxoAOB^B oÓmecxBa bccbok) 1899 ro^a SBa- 

HHXeJIBBO Oa^HBHJlO MOpCBÍfl COOOn^eBÍa, Bl 0C06eBB0CXH cil CjHsafi- 

niHMB nopxoMi ?H(|)y h cb TaJiiesBaBOMi. O^o^ecxBO napoxoxcxBa 
BflxaficBOfi BOCxo^Bofi 7Bieji'b3BOi Aopora OBasaJio 6ojiBBiyio noMOiqB 
B% xpyAByio MHByxy SBCxpeBBaro nepe;^BB»eBiH 12-ro Bocxotoo- 
CH^HpcBaro cxp']&jiBOBaro nojsa bsi TaJiieBBaBa b'b IIoprb-Apxypx, 
H npHxoMi fíesnjiaxBO. 

Coo6meuie Ilopx^-Apxypa cb TajrieBBaBOM-B itopcKBifB nyxem 
BecBMa yAOĎHO, bo AOJiroe BpeMa BeBosiioatBO 6ujio ycxaBOBHTS 
npaBBJBBHe peficu. BecB 1898 roA'B coo6meBÍe axo noMepasHBa- 

JIOCB B0eBBHM'B BOpxOBUMB Cy^BOMl „CMJaqx", BOSHBBIHlfB nOíXy 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



PJXCKltt KHTAfi. 693 

naccasHpofii ÓesnjiaTHo. Setími ciapajiiícb yciaHOBHii* cpoqaoe 
KOimep^ecBoe napoxoACTBo, h jiMcTBHxejibHO y^^ajocs nocTasHiB Ha 
ary jhhík) He6ojibmofi napoxo^x roHBOHrcRofi ^HpMu „BHCMapRi 
H R^", noA'B BHTaficBHMi* ^jiaiOM^b. Ho npe^np^TÍe axo ne ys^H- 
naiocs ycnixoMt h BCEopi npeRparaJOCs. TyrB-xo h hbhjiocs na- 
poxo;(CTBO RHxaficBofi BocxoHHofi seiisHofi AopoFH, Hetfojibniíe na- 
poxoAu Boxoparo cxaje ^^psaxb ;toBOjn>HO qacxue h npaBHJibHBie 
peficu MexA; IIopx^-ApxypoMi* h TajiieHBaHOMi h cjiy^afieue nes^y 
Dopx^-ApxypoMx h Jl^ajbHHMx, TajieHBaeoMx h JíajibeHMx, Tor^a 
xe „Cfljiaqi" npeBpaxHjďb cboh peiicBi. 

IlapoxoAu o6ii;ecxBa „lUeBejieBi h R^^ co^epsaxi ^OBOJbHO 
pi^KÍe peficu Mes;^y BjiaAHBOCxoBOifb h IHaaxaeMi, cb saxoAOMi 
Bi IIopxi-Apxypí H nonyxHue AUOHCBÍe h BopefiCBÍe nopxá. 

B'B CBflBH CT> napOXOACXBOMl HaXOAHXCfl BOnpOCB o nOJ[b30BaHÍH 

nopxoiťB, wb caMOMi xíchomi cmucií, x.-e. o M^cxaxi* ;^fl npn- 
qaja napoxo^OBi h cy^ovb BOo6va,e. Bx DopTb-Apxypt, e^tHHCxBen- 
BOM^b noprb RBaHxyaa, b^ BOxopoHi cocpe^oxo^eHa bca xoproBJífl h 
Bdb coo6iueHÍH MopcBHHi nyxeMi, 6eperoBafl nojoca co bc^mh co- 
opyaeHÍflMH coctohx^ bx B^jiibsiE MopcBoro BÍ;^0McxBa, Boxopoe h 
CMOxpHTi Ha nopxi BaBi Ha yqpesA^Hie BoeoHo-MopcBoe, rjíib bom- 
iiepqecEoe napoxoACXBo JHinb xepnHMO. Ha bt!Out> ocHOBanÍH BnycB^b 

CpOHHfilXl H HeCpOHHUXl BOMMepqeCBHXl napOXOAOB'B BX BOCXOHHUĚ 

({accefiHi o6ycJiOBJieHi> pa3p'&meHÍeM'B, Bas^^fi pasi, nopxoBaro 
naqajibcxBa, npe^eMi^ ua ocHOBanÍH ony($JiHBOBaHHuxx npaBHJTB, 
camifi BX0A'b Bi nopxi, bi npECxann, hocxopohhhmi. jiei^aM^ boc- 
npen^effb 6631 oco6aro kmíjs^ií pasi pa3p'lnieHÍfl. TaBoS nopnAOKi> 
HecoMH^HHo oxpasaexcH npe^HO aa xoproBuxx ^^Jiaxi ÍIopTb- 
Apxypa, H iiitcxHoe ByneqecxBO, na cxoa'6 12 ifOHfl oponuaro ro^a, 
saflBHJio npexeH3ÍK), qxo xojibBO napoxo^H »^o6poBOJibHaro (|)joxa* h 
,RoMDaHÍH ICeBejieBa" nu^ioTh npeHMyn^ecxBO nojbsoBaHÍfl npHcxaHbio 
vb BOCToqHOM^b 6accefiH%; Apyrie se napoxo^u, na Boxopuxi sejia- 
xaibuo nojryqeHie rpyBOBi), ne AonycsaioxcH Bi oniBapxoBbiBaHÍK), b!B 
BHAy qero ByneqecxBo xo^axaScxBosajio o6t> oxboa* ropový npHcxa- 
Hefi, BasoBoe xoAaxaficxBO no^epsaHO Óujio ropo^CBOfi BOMMHCciefi. 
IlapoxoACXBO BHxafiCBOfi Bocxoqeofi seji'l3H0tt Aopora noj[b3yexcfl 
He<ÍojibinoK) npHcxaHbio bh^ CaccefiHa, noqeny h naxoAHxcfl, cpaB- 
BHT&ibHO, Fb jyqmHXi ycjiOBÍflxi, xoxa opncxanb 9xa cihoibomi 
naja p^B noxpe6BOcxefi o6niecxBa, h ynpaBJíeHie Heo^HOBpaxHO sa- 
flBjfljio O HeyAoCcxBaxi, conpflseHHUxi cb 3anpeii;eHÍeMi xoxa 6u 
BpeMeHHofi BurpysBH h BpeneHHaro cs^ia^a saiisHO-AoposHaro 
rpysa na nopxoBofi xeppHxopÍH, q^iťb co3AaHO Bpynnoe saxpyxHeHÍe 
AJfl Kbji2L nocxpofiBH seJi^SHofi Aopora. Xoxa Dopxi-Apxypí ecxb 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



694 BI^CTHHBl £B]POnU. 

H 6YflfiTb noprs no npeHMymecTBy BoeHHufl, ho aH3Hb xpeCyerB 
CBOHxi npaBi, H Rasajiocb 6u eacTOHTejibHO HeoSxoj^HMUM^ dph;ith 

Ha nOMOmS MŠCTHBIMX HOTpefíflOCTflM-L eAHHCTBeHHarO HOBa— H Ha 

npoAOJJKHTejiBHoe en^e npeaia — KOMMepiecKaro nopxa RsaHiyHa h 
;^aTb eMy HopMajibHyK) ROMMepnecKyH) opraHHsaiuK), yperyjiapoBasi 
OTHoraeHm kx BoeHHOMv nopxy. 

^jHHa jiHHÍH RHTaficBofi 60CT0HH0& mejvbsnoi AoporH Ha rep- 
pHTopiH pyccKaro KsanTyHa cocraBjíflerB 106 Bepcrs, ne CHHxaa 

OOpTOBOft BÍTBH BX ApTJp*, opOTAKeHÍeMt BX 2^/2 BCpCTH, CXpOfl- 

meíicfl bíxbh kx Hopxy ^a-itneMy, npoxflateHieMx Bt 17 Bepcxi, h 
bíxbh Kh cxapoMy TajiienBany, bx 6^/2 Bepcxx. 11 -ro OKXflópfl 
óuj-L coMKHyxx nyxB Mea^y TajieHBaHOMi h HHSBoy-JIflOflflOMi, a 
13-ro BOflópfl — nyxb uemAj TajiieHBaHOMi h Uopxx-ApxypoM-B; 14-ro 
HOflópa Bumejix h3x IIopxx-Apxypa nepBHfi CKBOsHoft noís^-B. IlyxB 
en^e ne 6ajJiacxHpoBaH'L h MtcxaMH jlhhía npojioaieHa BpeMeHHO. 
jí^jifi HOAAepmaBifl nopHARa Mem^y paóoqHMH no jihhíh cxpoau^eBca 
;íOporH, Bi» npeAijaxx KoaHxyna, 6um yqpeacAeHa, no npocbfii 
HaqajibHHBa lOJKHaro oxA'1&jeuifl, ocočaa nojiHi^eScRaa cxpasa hs^ 
KHxafiiíeBi, Koxopaa, noA^iHHflacb o6n;eMy bí^^íhíbo rpaK;íaHCK0ft 
aAMHHHCxpauÍH nojiyocxpoBa, naxo^Hxca bi» HenocpeACXBenHOMx pac- 
nopaďtenÍH naqajibcxBa nocxpofiBH h co;iepa^Hxca na cierb AoporH. 
UoHxoBaa KOHxopa oxKpHxa b-b IIopxx-Apxypi bt* anp-kit 
1898 roAa, npHqeMi nepBue ahh npieMi npoHSBOj^HJica bo j^BopHR-i 
$aH3H, noA^ oxKpHxuMx He6oMx; sarfeMX ]í.jíň Konxopu 6ujo oxbc- 
Aeno BoeoHHMx bí^omcxbom-b BpeMeHHoe noMÍjn;eHÍe, npHcnocoÓJeH- 
Hoe fl,Jiň osHaqeHHOfi q&iH. Jlfi ROHi^a (|)eBpajia npomjiaro ro^a Bca no- 
qxoBaa onepauia na BceMi> KBaiixyHCROMx no-iyocxpoBÍ npoH3BojH- 
jacb OAHHMii HaqajibHHROifb nopxi-apxypcRofi ROHxopu, npn noMon^H 
AByxx noqxajibOHOBi h ROMan^^HpoBaaHuxx AByx'L nHcapefi. Jí^jir pas- 
HOCRH RoppecnoHAeni^iH Ha3HaqaK)xca h noHunt nocuJibHue on 
rapHH30Ha. He ;^o^RHAaacb paspímeflia B036yaí;ieHHaro Bonpoca o&b 
H3ucRanÍH ÓOJi^e CRopuxb HanpaB.ieeiii ji.in oxnpaBRH h noiiyqeHia 
BX IIopxx-Apxyp-fe RoppecnoH;íeHqÍH oxx noHxoBaro HaqaJbcxBa, a 
ocuoBUB&acb Ha o6m'6h']& coo6paxeHÍfi naiajibHHRa ROHxopBi Cb ea- 
qajbHHRaMH pyccRHXi noqxoBux^b ROHxopi B'b ?H^y h IQaHxai o 
B03M03KHOCXH oxnpaBjíaTb RoppeciiOHAefluiío Ha HHOcxpauHuxx cyAaxi 
B'b EeponeficRyH) Pocciio, xaRoaaa nanpaBjajiacb h3x TIopxi-Apxypa 
4pe3x ?H(í)y H HlaHxafi ua O^eccy. KoppecnoH^enaia h3i Eepo- 
neficRoň Poccíh nojiyqaexca bx ITopxx-Apxypi b-b 35 — 42 ina, 
Me»Ay xím-b RaRi qpe3x B^aj^HBOcxoR-B RoppecnoH^enaia nojy- 
qaexca qepeax 62 — 80 AneU, a ^ene^Haa — h ;ío 97 AHefi. J(ífl- 
xejbHOCxb noqxoBOž ROHxopBi no oxnpaBKi h nojiyqeHiio Roppec- 



Digitized by VjOOQLC 



1 



-^■aA 



PFCCWfl KHTAň. 695 

noHAeHi^iH, 3a BpeMfl ch 16-ro anp^Jifl 1898 ro^a no ceHiaÓps m^- 
Cflq'L npomjaro ro^a, BupasHjacb cji']&AyK)iAHMH i;n(j[)pofiUMH a^heumb: 
OTnpaMeoo KoppecnoeAeHi^iň 172.797, Ha cyMMy 2.289.257 pyÓ. 
Bil BHjí,Y nocTOHUHuxx saflaaeuifi sRETejiei o HeoóxoAHMOcxH ;^e- 
aesBuxi nepeBOAOBi no no^TÍ h o npHHflxÍH ^enerB na xpaHeme, 
TaBOBHfl onepai^H h 6hjih otkputh bx OoprE-ApTypi. PasBH- 
tík) cóeperaieJbHofi Raccu CHJbHO npenaTCTByers HeBosMOseocTb 
noJiyqaTb BKJiaAH TOTiacb ae no saaBJíeHiK), h neoCxo^HMocTb 

OaiHAaHifl BUCHJIKH AeHeFB H3l Bjia^BSOCTOKa. OxHOCHTeJIbHO Te- 

jerpa^oaro coo6meHÍfl flíaxejibeocTb nonxoBoft Konxopa BupasH- 
jacb Bx npieM*! xaierpaMirb n oxnpaaneniH hxx noixofi bo Bjia- 
AHBOCXOKX, co BcaKHMx oxxo;gimHM'b xy^a napoxoAOMx, ajh ;^ajib- 
Hifimaro oxnpaBjenía no xejierpa4)y, hx6 oienb y^^emeBHJio »Hxe- 
jiflMx KBaHxyna xejierpa(|)Hoe cooón^enie, Boxopoe, npn no4b30BaHÍH 
KHxaficKHMx xejierpa(|)0Mx, 6biJ0 CHjbHO saxpyAHeeo RpaSne bucoboA 
njaxoft — no 1 py6. 20 Kon. sa cjiobo. 3a BpeMH cx Mapxa no 
cenxaópb wkcňu,^ oxnpaaieHO 1.015 xejierpaMifb. B^ ^eBp&ď']^ m*!- 
CBUjk Vb mxaxx no^xoBoň KOHxopti bx Uopxx-Apxypi npHÓujH xpn 
HHHOBHHBa H ABa noTTajibOHa, HO Bce-xaRH npnmjiocb ocraBHXb npH- 
KOMaHAHpoBaHHBixx HH^iHHXx qHHOBi, h6o oixaxa dToro Aa^eso ne 
Aocxaxoiuo. JI.^l^flxejibHOcxb nanaJibHHBa noHxopu Qocn'&iOBa samé 
BCflBofi noxBaju. Bx TajíeHBaHŠ oxBpuxa noixoBaa ROHxopa 1-ro 
nafl npomjaro ro^a, npHqeMi xy^a 6£lih HasHaienu Asa qHHOBHHRa, 
xpn noqxaJbOHa h aahbi b% noMonib BoeHHUMx b'Iaomcxbomi> oahhx 

HHCapb H OAHHl nOCUJIbHblg. BCKOp']^ nOCJ*! OXSpuXÍH dXOfi BOHXOpEI 

6hjo BOsÓyaAGHO xo^axaScxBO o paspimeHin npieMa xaierpaMMi, 
Ch nepecHJKOK) hxx no^xoio bo BjiaAHBOCxoKx, h Bse^enia ccyAO- 
céeperaxejbHofi onepai^ÍH. r.aaBHyH) pa6oxy xajiieHBaHCKoft noqxoBoft 

, BOHXOpu AOCXaBJflJIl B03HHRai0UtÍfi TOpOAX JífiJlhEÍ6, H BX MCEbmeK 

cxeneBH TajiiesBaHi. Bi> BHAy npe^cxoflo^aro BUBO^a H3'b TajiieHBaea 
ÓOJibmeii qacxH BOfiCBx npH nepeHeceniii BopAOHHofi jihhíh bx K>ry, 
ocxaB.ieHÍe wh neMx noqxoBoft BOHXopu xepfljio 3HaHeHÍe, a noxoMy 
OHa 6biJia nepoBe^esa no Apyryio cxopony 6yxx£i, bx r. JI|ajibHÍň, 
r^i H ORaatexcfl Bnyxpn bopaohhoh jihhíh. 

EojibHUMx M']&cxoM'b A<9fl RBaHxyna HBjaexca BpafiHBH Aoporo- 
BHSHa xe;ierpa({)Haro coo6n;eHÍfl no npoBO^aMx HnocxpaHHuxx bom- 
naHÍfi, BoxopuMH, no Heo6xoAHMocxH, npnxoAHxcfl nojib30BaxbCfly 
ecjH Bes^ejiaxejbHo H36iacaxb sHaqnxejbHoffi npoBo.ioqBH bo Bpe- 
neHH npH nepe^ani Aenemx noqxoft bo BjiaAHBOCxoBx. JerBO ceCi 
npeACxaBHXb xasejioe HpaBCXBenuoe nojosenie jno^efi, HMtion^Hxx 
AoporHXx H 6jtH3BHxx jHi^x HJiH cepbesHue HHxepecbi bx Poccíh, 
npa ycaoBÍH, qxo HHqxosHaa, bx H']&CBOJbBO cjobx, xaaerpaMMa 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



696 BftCTHHS^B EBPOmi. 

CTOHTb A^CATRH pyCjefi, a nepecujRa ^emeBiixi xejerpaiiMi qepesi 
BjiaAHBocTOEi Tpe6yerb i^^jnixi eeAijib, a HHorAa M^cai^a h óojite. 
Ha^e^Aa ea yjiy^meHÍe aTHxi ycJOBÍfi, npH nocpeACTB^ Taierpa^ 

EHTafiCBOli BOCTOHHOfi AOpOFH, MOSeTl OCyiI^eCTBHTbCB 611^6 He TaSl 

CBopo, xoTH pa6oTa bi dTOMi HanpaBJíeHÍH, nonyxHO cb ApyraMi 
seji'l3HO-AoposH£iMH paCoTaMH, Be^eiCB BecbMa aHeppHqHO. 

R^ coopyseHÍK) Tejerpa4)a BHTaficRofi BOCToqHofi sexbsHOĚ xo- 
porH npHCTynjieHO bi KOBVsib ceHTAÓpa 1898 ro^A} bi npeA^Jaxi 
RsaETyHa. PaCoTH ua^ajiHCb otl CyxxH BHKTopÍH-6efi h noBe^eefl 
OAHOBpeMeneo bx Asyxx nanpaBJíeeiflxi: na lons — kx IIoprB-ApTypy 
H Ha c^Bepi — Ha HnbBoy. H'6cK0JibR0 no3He, a HMenno wh robiiÍ 
0RTfl6pfl, HanaTa nocxpofiRa xejierpa^^a oxi^ nopxa HnbRoy sa ci- 
Bepx, no uanpaBjeHiio rx XapÓHHy. 16-ro anptjH 1899 roAa, 
OROJio ropová ^anxa^y, npoHSomjia CMííHRa HHbRoyccRofi h xap- 
ÓHHCRoS napxiii nocxpoeRx, a qepesx H^CROJibRO AHefi oxRpsiocb 
A^ficxBÍe xejierpa(|)a. Bi npeA^Jiaxx RBaHxyBa xejierpa^)^ boctoh- 
Hofi mejiisEO^ AopoPH npoxoAHxx ua npoxflseHÍH 106 Bepcxi, se 
cqnxafl ^orobiix^b b^wki* na BHRTopÍB-Óefi, npoxHseHÍeMx 1 7 Bepcn, 
H na TajiieHBaHi, npoxHseHÍeMx BceS xejerpa(|)Hofi jihhíh cl bos- 
AymHHMi nepexoAOMx qpea-B p^Ry CyHrapn — orojo 900 Bepcn, 
6e3'b B'&xoRi. IIpH CojibnioMi, 3axpyAHflK)n;eMi> na^sopi apoxaseniH 
jHHÍH H ne Bcer^a ^JiarosejaxejibHOMi HacxpoeHÍH xyBeMHuxi xh- 
xejieft, — Bi ocoCeHHOCxE bx mícxhocxaxx rx c^Bepy oxi Xaflqeoa, 
3a npe^^aMH pyccRaro RBaHxyna, — npoi^eHxx noBpesAeHÍfi, apoHCxo- 
AflH^HX^b orb yMumjieHHofi nopqH, aobojbho bucori. Dpieiťb qacxHoi 
RoppecnoH^eni^ÍH AonycRaexcfl sa njiaxy, BpeMeHHO, xojbRO orb ihi^ 
CJysan^HXi bi o5n^ecxBŠ EHxaScRoii bocxo^hoB mejiisEoi Aopoci. 
UepBoe BpeMfl no oxRpuxÍH A^ficxBÍfi xejierpa^^a, on^yn^ajicfl HeAO- 
cxaxoRx B'b xejierpa^Hcxaxi, h reHepajix Cy6oxHq'b ROMaHAHpoBaa'B 
AOBflXb xejierpa^HCxoB'b H3'b cocxasa canepnofi poxu, HitxoAfln^xcfl 
H huhí na seji'l3HO-AopoaiBofi cjiyaifi^; axHM^b A^y Óma ORasana 
BasHaa noMon^b. Jí^jir pa6oxi nepenoca, peuonxa h oCopyAOBaHÚ 
JIHHÍH vb npeA^ax^b RBanxyna 611^0 ROMaHAHpoBano ABaAi^axb cxpii- 
ROBi, HBi Roxopuxi Hbiné, 00 8aflBJieHÍK) xejierpa(|)Haro na^a^bCTBa, 
B£ipa6oxaj[HCb a^cbxhhrh, BecbMa no^ednue a^h HaABopa sa RHiaS- 
CRHMH pa5oqHMH, cnoco6B£ie bho^b^ ocHOBaxe.!ibHO noRadaxb h aíhr 
acHHXb HeoDHXHOMy pafioqeMy, qx6 orb nero xpeCyexca. 

A. Xbocxobx. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



TPHJIOria rp. A. K. TOICTOFO 



RÁRl 



HAmOHAJIBHAff TPArEJi;iff 



npomjio TO BpeMfl^ Bor^a mu, sacMaxpHBaflCb na JiHTepaiypEUfl 
5oraTCTBa HaniHXi cocía^íí, HcnuTUBajH ocRopÓHTejibHoe ma na- 
mero caM0ďH)6ifl, ocxpoe ^jbctbo BaBHCTH. RoHe<iHO, h bx name 
BpeMfl MH Bce en^e nepejiHCTUBaeifB IlIeRcnHpa, Fére, EafipoHa, 
inHJuepa, CL cepTOeMx He cobcími otb axoro lyBciBa cboÓo;^- 
híih'b; ho ctóhtb eaMi toíibro BcnoMHHTb, ci RaRHMi yBaa^eHieiix 
y HacB npoHBHocflTCfl Teneps HMena TypreHeBa, Tojcxoro, ^octobb- 
CRaro, — H cosHaBÍe OAepsaHHofi eaMH RyjbxypHofl uoÓ^jim ao-isho 
CMflrqHTb TO on^yu^eHÍe saBRCHMOCTH, ROTopoe qo^th Bcer^a conpo- 
BOiK^aerb eamy uucjih o Sana^*]^. 

HS^O nOMHHTb, OAHaRO, HTO HeCMOXpfl Ha BC^ ROMHJlHMeHTU, 

Rasie HaMi pacxoqaiorb noA^acb Hamn coc&ah^ ohb b^ ji^jm^ c^h- 
xaiDTib HacB Bce eii^e BapBapaMH, — apas^a, ^apoBHxuMH BapBapaMH, 

ROTOpUMl* HHOrAa CHflXCA y^^HBHXeibHO HOaXHqHBie CHU, H ROXO- 

puiťB cjy^aexcfl hhoK pa3i BucRasaxb oqenb rjiy6oRÍfl mhcjih. H 
A^fiCTBHxejibHO, HO^xH^ecRoe HyBcxBO H nopoíi rjryfioRaa Mucjib — 
eAHHCTBeHHoe opyjRÍe, ROxopuMi nama pyccRafl Ryjibxypa npoRjra- 
AHBaerb ceCt Aopory na Sana;!^, — opy»ie, ne noABepaenHoe oiy- 
qafiHOfi nopq% h opysie MHpHoe. Mu naqaiH axox^b MHpnufi 3a- 
x9arB Esponu, xofi caMofi Enponu, Roxopaa Bcer^a xaRx ooaca- 
jiacB HamHx^B BoeHHuxi saxBaxoBi. 

MesAy HaMH h coc^a^mh na^Hnaerb xenepb ycxanaBJíHBaTbCH 
Bce 6bJD>mM H Óojibmafl HpaBCXBeHHan h yMCxnenHaa cojiH;^ap- 
HOCTB, H HamH HticaTejiH, oxpasafl b^b cbohxx npoHSBeAeHÍaxi pyc- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



698 B1^CTHHK'B EBPOnU. 

CEJK) ďlHSHB, B^ TO 2^6 BpeMfl CTaHOBflTCfl HCTOJBOBaTeJIflMH OÓO^e- 

MÍpoBoro CMucJia shbhh. Ponaei hs^b pyccEOfi ^khshh craii xe- 
nepB BESHofi CTpaHHi^efi BceoÓn^efi HCTopÍH, Tor^a Basi eu^e ne- 
AaBHO OHI Cuji Jimnib pascBasoMi o tomi, qió tbophjioci* bi 
OABOMi MajiosaM^THOMi H MdJiOKyjiLTypHOMi yrojiB^ qejiOB^qecEOft 
;bh8hh. 

Ho eesH Hami poMaei sa noci^AHee nojiCTOj^Tie no^^HflJca 
Ha TaByio BucoTy, npH BOTopofi oipaseHnaa hm'b sesHb tipio6pš- 
TaerB o(^iiipoBoe sHaienie; to o&b hhuxi ^^opnaxx Hamero xy- 
AOsecTBeenaro TBopqecxBa HejbSfl cxasaTb Toro se. B'b oco6eH- 
HOCTH 6pocaeTCfl bi rjasa to BTopocTeneHHoe sHa^eHÍe, Basoe vb 
pasBHTÍH MÍpoBOfi JiHTepaTypu HM^erE aama Apftv& h, rjaBHHiTB 
o6pa30Mi, Bama Tpare^ifl. 

Hama APft^a oxcTajia SHa^RTejkHO ovh poMana; b'b aeS n^vh 
Toro rjiyóosaro $HJOCO$CEaro, ncHxojorHHecBaro h oCmecTBeHnaro 
CMucjia, BOTopuMi TaBi CEJiewb nami poMaH'B, h TeaxpajikHue 
noAHOCTBH Ha cepbesHUfl Bo^iHOHifl Hamero yna h cepAi^a otsu- 
BaioTCfl oneHB r;iyxo. Beitb MOserB, bi btomi BHHOBaxa ciy^afi- 
HOCTB, T.-e. OTcyTCTBÍe CHJiLHaro TajaHTa; 6utb MoaerB, bhho- 
BaTH BHÍfflHÍfl CTÍCHeHÍa, ]s,jia TeaTpa ropas^o Óojiie qyBCTBHxejB- 
HUfl, q^Mi A^fl oe^aTHofi BHHrH; 6utb Moxexx, xeaxpi cairi no 
ce6i He AonycEaerB xasofi nojHOxu oxpaseaífl shshh h xasoro 
npoHHBBOBeHifl B'B cfl TJiyfíB, BaBx noBÍcxB, Bi Boxopoft HHcaxejB 
H OHHCUBaexx, H H3o6paataeTx, h paacyatAaerB — ho 4>*bxi neco- 
MH-j^HeHi: Hama Apana, js^Jia 3anaAa ne cyn^ecxByioiitafl, npeAcxaB- 
jflerx H B*B Hamefi jkhshh EyjiBxypHyio h coqiajibHyH) CHJiy Han- 
MOHBmaro SHaqeHÍa h pasMaxa. 

. Eme 6ojite SHaMeHaxejeH-B xoxi ^aKxi, hxo nama pyccBaa 
aH3HB He npoH3Bejia hh oahoA hcxhhho BejHEofi xpare^ii — xpa- 
reAÍH Cb oÓmeqejioBiqecKHMi cmhcjomi. OfíxflCHHXB oxcyxcTBÍe 
TaBoffi xpareAÍH npnqHHaMH c^y^a^HBíMH e^Ba jih bo3mosho; ecxB 
H']fíHxo Bi oču^eifB xofljb HameK a^Hsen, htď ne n03B0JiHJ0 HamHirB 
TajaHxaMi* cxaxB Ha xy BBicoxy xparHqecKaro MiponoHHManiH, bo- 
xopofi AOCXHrajiH noAMacx HsÓpanHBre yMu h renÍH, BBímeAmie hsx 
HHofi cpeAu, H'&M'B Hama. TaEHMx HMenaMx, Basi dcxEjrh, Co- 
4)0EJix>, ^aHxe, KajibAepoHx, EQeBcnHpx, Téxe, Haní npoxHftono- 
cxaBHXB HCEoro. y Haci, npaBAa, ecxB xyAoatHHBH, Eoxopae, BaBi 
xaEOBfcie, Moryxx opexeHAOBaxB na AyxoBHoe poACXBO cb 3xhmh 
MÍpoBUMH reHÚMH, H HymEnHi no caÁ o6xeEXHBflaro B03C03AaHÍa 
aiH3HH xoTx» ate nieEcnnpx, x.-e. bcí ero xHnu cxojb »e aHs- 
HeHHEi, EaEi H xHUbi IDeEcnHpa, h cxojb ;Ee oÓn^e^e.iOBiqHbi; ne 
oxHHHeMi MU xaEoro xyAoaiecxBeHBaro oÓn^enipoBoro Bna^emfl h 



Digitized by 



GooqIc 



gle 1^ 



TPHJorifl rp. A. K. TOJCToro. 699 

CMucjia H y rkxii ncTopnqecRHxi h coBpeHeHHux^B otfpasoBi), cb 
KOTopuiiH MH. TaEi OKiuHCb Bt Bnoneflxx JI. TojCToro, H, HaKO- 
Hea^B, MU 6yjieui» 6jih3rh b^ hcthh'6, ecjus CRasBeMi, nio peJiH- 
riosHO-MHCTH^ecKoe MipoBossptHÍe ^ocTOeBCKaro no CBoefi rjyOHHt 
H CBoeny xyAoaecTBeHHOMy BonjomeHÍfo poshhtl Hamero nnca- 
xejfl, Kasi MucjfHTejífl h noara, h (tb JI,aHTe, h cb RajBAepoHOMx. 
Bo BCflROMB cjy?a'&, mu acho noRasajiH, RaRyio rjiy6B h mnpoTy 
noaTH^ecRaro MÍpoco3epaaHÍfl cnocoSeaB hho^ pasB oÓHapysHTB 
Hamx reHÍfi, h ecjH mu bhahmb, hto bb stomb MÍpocosepqaHÍH 

H^BOTOpUfl CTOpOHU SiESEE HCnOJHO DOHATU HJIH CJa6o BUpaSieHU, 

TO npH^HHa 3Toro Rpoeicfl ee bb cja6ocTH Ay^OBHuxB chjib ea- 
poAa. 

Kx qncjry rix^ CTopoHB qejOBiHecEoft »h3hh, ROTopua oneHB 
CJa6o orrlHeHu h oóoÓn^eHu bb HameMB nodíHqecROMB MÍpoco- 
sepqaHiH, othochtch h iparHnecRift cmucjb 6utíh Bootfme — totb 

CSMUĚ CMUCJIB, ROTOpufi H3JiaBHa TpeBOSHJlB qejiOB']kqecRÍfi yMB H 

^anrasiio h ROTopuB HaxoAHJB ce6i xy;íO»ecTBeHHoe BupaKeHie 

B^ HCTHHHOfi „BUCOROft" Tpare^ÍH — ^^JlOCO^CROft, pejiHnosHoň H 

CHMBOJiHqecRofi. TparH^ecRoe noHHManie MÍponopA^Ra, ROTopoe pac- 
KpuBaeTCfl nepe^íB naMH bb „IIpoMeTe***, bb „Opeciefit", bb 
„BomecTBeHHOfl KoMejiin", bb ^^paMÍ „íKh3hs cctb cohb", bb 
„FaMjeT**, bb „Ýaycrí", naMH, ROHenno, TaRB ae ycBoeHo, rhrb 
ycBoeno MHoroe, leMy mu y cocijíeft y^HJiHCb. Ho btotb CRopCnufi 
HTOFB MÍpoBoro opoi^ecca, HTorB He 6e3uaAesHUfi, a tojilro jiHnib 
TpamqHufi, wfl nacB noRa — npej^MeTB H3yqeBÍfl h y;íHBJieHÍfl; bb 
HeMTi hítb HHiero Hamero, HHqero xaRoro, ht5 buťcr^o 6u h3b 
HCTopHqecRaro Hamero onuTa, 6ujo 6u naMH opo^yMaso, npoqyB- 
cTBOBaHO H, rjiaBHoe, BucTpaAano. IloaTOMy ^o cos^aBÍA hcthh- 
Hoff Tpare;^H namB nodTHqecRift vemfi h ne B03BucHjrcfl, xoth 
TpyAHO HaitTH HaqioHajibHufi xapaRiepB h Hapo;^Hufi o6pa3B mu- 
CJieB, Óojrbe cr^ohhuB 0TT'6HflTb bb shshh HMeneo ea neqajibHyio 
CTopoHy, h-ímb yMB H TeMnepaMeHTB pyccRÍfl. Ctóhtb CpocHTb 
zoTfl 6u caMufi 6'ifírjiufi bstmai^ na HCTopifo Hamero caMocosHaHÍii, 
KaB% 0^ OTpa3HJřocb BB Hamcfi cjiOBecHOCTH, ^To6u yBHAaxb, na- 
cROjibRO BB o6ii^eMB C03HaHÍe asa, cípaxB nepe^B hhmb h CRop6b 
o HOMx nepeB^mHBaioTb bb nacB AOBOJbCTBO toR HajiHqnofi cyMMOíi 
Ao6pa, ROTopyio mu BORpyrb ce6a Haxo;tHMB. TocRa no JiyqmeMy, 
pa3oqapoBaHÍe bb nacTOHn^eMB, 6e3non;aAHufi caMoaHaj[H3B h caMO- 
ocysA^HÍe, pa3HUfl ({)opMu CRenTHi;H3Ma — Bce aio naMH iiShijifi,RO 
H HcnuTaeo ne xy»e ;ípyrHXB, h ecjH, bb CHjiy nÍROTopuxB oco- 
(JeHHOcreft namefi rpam^aHCRoft srwsee, mu bo BH'£mHeMB Bupa- 
seaiH 3THXB neqaJibHuxB, a qacTbfo rH']&BHuxB qyBCTBi, oÓflsanu 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



700 BftCTHHRl EBPOnU. 

cotfjioAaTb HBB^CTHyH) M^py, TO TaRoe BosAepsaeie bi> cjosan 
He HEHocHrB yn^ep6a rjiy6HH'6 canaro qyBCTBa h mucjh. 

RaRi Óii TO HH 6hLJiOy HO FB HameMi xapaRTep^ h jui ao- 
CTaTOTOO neqaJiH h rpycrs: ea hhxi mosho 6ujio 6n nocrpoHiB 
i^&ioe ^HJioco^CRoe Mipocosepi^aHÍe h BapoxHufi reeifi uon 6u 
HafiTH Bi ce6^ CHjy bt^chhtb dTO Mipocosepi^aHie bx paMRH zy- 
AOsecTBeHHofi CHMB0JiHqecR0& Tpare^ÍH. 

Ho TaRoS Tpare^ÍH Hama ^anTasifl ho c^xa^a, xoth mh ri 
8Toro po^a TBopqecTBy ho ocraBaJHCs paBHOAyniHH. Mu pennocTHO 
nepeBOAHJiH rpeqecRyio Tpare^iio h nepeA'^BiBajiH ee; mu saHM- 
CTBOBajiH y ^panqiH efl RjfaccHqecRyio TpareAÍH) h phahjh ee TaRxe 
Wh pyccRie ROCTK)Mu. HepeBOAHJiH mu npnjiesHO h ApaMBi IDeRC- 
HHpa, rere, IIlH;r.iepa, BafipoHa; ne saji&iH Tpyxa h na nepe- 
BOAH npoH3BeAeHÍfi BxopocTeneflHHxx ApaiiaTyproBx, — OAHHifB cjio- 
BOMx, MBi oÓHapyacHJiH 6ojihmyio jiioÓOBb ri* ApaMaTH?ecROMy h Tpa- 
rnqecROMy b-b hcrjcctb^, b^b oco6eHHOCTH bo Bpenena muRaro 
poMaHTHBMa. Ho caMHMi HaiTb ne yAaiocb cos^arb hcthahoS xpa- 
reAÍH BucoRaro cthjih. Btotb npoóíji ne sanojHenB h nofiHHt. 

HaAO AynaTb, hto Bpenfl j^n TaRofi ^H.ioco(|)CRofi TparexiH 
pyccRofi en^e He nacTynn^o, h ne nacTynHJio noTOny, hto hh noRa 
eiAe HO oóoraTHjH HCTopifo hh oaho8 hcthhho TparH?ecRoR expa- 
HHi^efi, ROTOpaa ocB^THJia Cei cb hoboK CToponu Apany MipoBOfi 
SH3HH. Cjhhiromx mhofo y HacB en^e Bnepe^Hi «ito6bi ocTasasje- 
BaTbCfl Bx pa3AyMBH nepeA'B odn^HMi cmucjomx tofo, itó ecxB 

SH3HB BX efl ROHeHHOMl U&IOMl, H RaROfi I^HOfi OHa HORynaeTCfl. 

Bo Bcefi oeqajiH h rpycTH, Roxopofi óuBaerB HHorxa terx ne- 
penojHeHO name cepíne, ropasAO 6ojbnie HeroAOBaHÍfl^ niwh cmh- 
peHÍfl nepeA'B sjomi, ropas^o 5oibnie BaTaennofi na^esAU) t^itb 
OTRasa orb nefl, h ropasAO Coibnie BÍpBi b^b ceCa, hími nosop- 
HOCTH nepe^x HeHsÓ^TRHOCTBio. Bce sto bhojh^ hohatho vb Ha- 

P0A'Í; ROTOpufi UÍkjlue B'lRa TOJbRO rOTOBHJlCfl R^B COBHaTeiBHOS 
SH3HH H U0T0M1> CB HeoGu^a^HOfi 6uCTpOTOfl CTaJll yCBOHBaTb TOy 

HaA'B HÍMi» Apyrie HapoAH ujkjiue B^Ra Ay^ajiH. Ohobb MHoroe — 
Bx ({)opM^ jH yMospHxejibHOfi HCTHHu, HJH Bx ^pii^ o6je^HHaro 
Bi oCpasx qyBCTBa, Aa^ocb Haní 663% xpy^a, ho^th ?to xapoirB. 
£['&Ha, ROTopofi TaRÍfl MucjiH H HyBCTBa onjra«iHBaH)TCfl, ocTajacB 
HaHX HeH3B'6cTHa, H naux caMHMX en^e ne npnniJiocB óurh cbh- 
fiíktejinuE H.IH yqacTHHRaMH co6biTÍň, Roiopufl cbohitb TparH3M0irB 
HaBejH 6u Hacx na dTH mucih h npo6yAHj[H 6fii bi HacB dXH 
qyBCTBa. JI,'|gcTBHTejbHO, nysHO 6ujio HSSHTb i^'l.iyH) ÓjecTAO^yio 
i^HBHJiH3aaÍK), B'lRaMH cjaraBmyiocfl, coqeTaBmyio HeoÓuqafino tohro 
pasBHToe dcxeTHqecRoe qyBCTBo cb oy6oRoK ^Hjioco^cROfi meicjibhl 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



TPMona rp. A. e. TOJcroro. 701 

H ch dcreTH^ecKOfi pejHríefi^ uňBnuBZ^ufjOy ÓorsTyio caitiiMH pas- 
HOOÓpasHiíMH ^piiaMH rpaaiuaHCsaro h nojHXHqecRaro nopflxsa, — 
HaAO 6ujio HšsHTB TaRyio i^HBHJiHsaqÍEO, iTo5u cod^aTB „IIpoMe- 
Tefl" HJEH „dAnna i^apjr", h vh dXHXi Tpare^iHxx noRasaTS; Ra- 
raMH cxpa^aHÍflHH HCBynaercfl Kas^ufi mars nporpecca h BaB^b 
HBqTOseH^B HaiOB^B^B Aftse vb rb MHHyTii, Bor^a mhhtb ce6fl Bce- 
Moryn^iťB. Haxo 6ujio BucTpa^aTb bck> Tpare^ÍK) xpecnaHCTBa, 
npHcyxcTBOBaTB npH BpymeHÍH anTH^Haro Mipa, npeBioHHTbCfl ne- 
pexB floxraraMH h caiiOHCTiisaHieirB hoboS b^ph h, HaBOHei^'B, 
yBHxaTB Bce TO se Bcenoryn^ee aio, BaB'B oho b^b^jiocb bi MÍpoBOfi 
nopflxoKB, — HdAO 6iuo Bce 8to HcmiTaTb, qT06ii bi „BosecTBee- 
Hofi EoMeAÍH^ ^aHTe hjih bi APftMaxi KajtbxepoHa CHMBOJHdHpo- 
BaTb exHHoCopCTBo Ao6pa h &ia h yTŠmaTb joojífiŘ — BaB^b yri- 
majii HX'b H a6Top'B „IIpoMerea*' — Baprsnofi soHe^Haro Topse- 
CTBa Toro, ht5 ohh CHHiaiorb h jífi6puMi>y h cBBTiuťb, H cnpa- 
Be^JiHBuiťb. TaB!b se to^ho HysHO 611J10 6uTb CBHA^Tejieiťb Top- 
secTBa BpHTH^ecBOfi CB060AHO& uuciEj noAO Bce noABanuBaH)ii](eficfl, 
ne ocraeaBJíuBaionteficfi nepeA^b TpaAHaiflMH pejHriosHiíMH, HpaB- 
CTBeHHUMH H ^hjioco^^cbhmh; HysHO 6ujio HcnHTaTb Ha ce6i BJiacTb 
CBo6oAHaro qyBCTBa, 9To6n cosAaxb „FaMoreTa" h wb dxofi hhthm- 

BOfi HCnOB^AH npHSHaTbCfl, Barb BCe-XaBH CBOBaHU H ^BCTBO, H 

jithy H BOJifl qej[OBÍBa. ^TOÓEi CA'l^Tb TO se npesHame bi „$aycr6'*, 
eb Cesnoms^HbDfb pasoGjaHeHÍeifb Bi^Hofi HeyAOBJíeTBopeHHOCTH 
qejOB^TOCBaro yiia h cepAi^a, htoÓh HsoÓpasHTb sth hcthhho Tan- 
Ta.iOBU iiyBH ^ejiOB^necBaro Ayxa h B^b bohi^í bohi^obi onaTb cBa- 
daTb o6oApHiDiaee cjiOBO-r-AJ[fl 8Toro Hyseo Óbuo nposBTb XVUI-bifl 
BbK^hj coApoPHyTbCfl nepoA^ caMOXBaJbCTBOiťb qej[OBÍ«iecBaro yna, 
noMTb BCK) xn^exy MHHyxHaro yAOBjexBopeHÍfl b crop']fíTb ovh 
3x>6bb Bi ^eJiOB^By — ciafioMy h orpaeHqeHHOMy bi cpeACxsaxx, 
Bo HeyAepatHMO cxpeMflD^eifyai B'b Bucmefi ujban. HaBonei^x, hxoÓu 
HMŠTb H npaBO, H CHJiy, CBasaTb j^ahmi, nacBOJbBo ohh A&^eBH 
OTh Toro HAeaja, paAH Boxoparo ohh roxoBu Bciirb nosepxBO- 
Baxb, HacBOJbBO onpoMex^HBa hxi B-J^pa bi CBOň yirb h CBoe ao6- 
poe cepAi^e, BaBi jerBO a^a hhxx naAenie cb beicoxu b^b rpasb, 
Basi ohh (Ma6ii, sajRH, hh^xojbbu h npespliHnu, — qxo6ii cBa- 
saTb Bce dxo ne tojocjiobho, a pi^io Bapaion^aro h nja?yn];aro 
opoposa, — A4fl dxoro nysno 6ujio BEicxpaAaxb bch) BOJiHByK) xpa- 
reAÍH) BOHi^a XVIII vkits^ h BHA'i^xb Booqifo, BaR^ BpeneBHO no- 
ra<rb opeojiii, OBpysaioutifi CBflxoe hmb nejiOBŠBa. 

Mil, pyccBÍe, HH^ero noAofinaro ne BHAajH, ho HcnuxajH, 
He nepeAy^aJH h ne BucxpaAajH. Bce axo sejiHRoe h xparH^ecBoe 
SI SH8HH qejOB^necxBa 6uao Haifb nepecBasaHO h HCxojiBOBaHO, 

ToMS y.— OKTaBPB, 1902, 45/j8 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



702 BftOTHHKl EBPOHU. 

BaR^B ÓUJIB HSl aiUI8HH HHUX'B BpeMeHl H HH£IX'B BapO^OBl, AiR 

Haci qysAuxi. Kor^^a aiH aapoAu npoxoAHJiH nepesi caime KpH- 
THHecKie MOMeHTEi CBoero pasEHTÍa h Ror^a ea etb HCTopm mosho 
61L10 yHHTBCfl xparasMy shshh, mu Óusu en^e sapEapu hjh nojy- 
i^BH;iH30BaHHue jíoah: shtb o^HOft SH8HLID CB Esponofi mu na- 
?aiH jiHmb cpaBHHTejBHO ohceb He^^aBHO. 

Mu 6UIH, TaBHMl OfipaSOMX, JLBmh OTffaJieHHUMH SpHTejflMH 

BeiHBoK MipoBofi APAMu. ?T0 »e KacaeTCfl Hamero coGcTBeHnaro 
ucTopHHecRaro onuTa sa bck) Bamy shshb, to oco6eHHO BU^aiCH 

n^HXCfl MOMeHTOBly OTTÍBflK)III[HX'B H^efiEUft TparHHeCBÍfi CMUCTb 

fiuTÍfl, FB HeM'B no^TH ^TO Be Óuio. IIpaB^a, MU nepesEJB AOJrie 
roAu 6opB6u, ipy^a h jrameBÍfi; bo Bce dTO 6wíe ro^u xaKOĚ aa- 
npflseHBofi B aecjiosHofi 6yABfl?Bofi pa6oTu BaA'B caMBMB coóott h masl 
ce6fl caMBXi, ROTopaa ocTaBjflja Maio BpeMeflB a^a pas^yMBB aajTB 
BOBpocoMi, BaBOBi BOHeHBuft ^^Hioco^^CKÍfi cMucjii coBepBiaion^irocfl 
BCTopanecKaro npoi^ecca. 

Ho ecjfl dxa noBcexBeBBaa MajLOB^efisafl paÓOTa noM^iboiaia 
BaMi> oÓBapysBTB CRopÓByio, bo BpBMBpfliOni^yH) MyApOCTB, saBoS 
BpoBBBflyTa ^nJLOco^CEoa, TpareAÍfl aBTBHBaa, cpeABeBŠBOBafl b 
BOBafl, TO Bce-a^e b wb Bamefi sbsbb moob BaBxBCB MBHyTU 
rposflufl B BosBumeBBUfl, b obí MorjiB BOciysBTB xyxoaKflflsy Mar 
TepiajiOMi eciB se a^a o6n^eMÍpoBofi TpareAÍB, to no Bpafiflefi 
Mlp% A^fl TpareAÍB Bai^OBaJiBBOĚ. 

Ha 3anaA% mu HM'&eM'B oqeBB MBoro npBM^poBi TaBBXx Tpa- 
roAifi CB qBCTO Ba^ioBaJlBBUM1^ coAepsaBÍeMi. Ki bxi raciy aaio, 
BanpHM^pi, OTBecTB no^TB BecB penepTyap'B aBTB^maro Teaxpa, 

BCi 9TB ApaMaTBSflpOBaBBUfl dBOBOB, MBOU, JiereflAU B CTpaBfl^H 
BCTOpiB; BC^ BCTOpflqeCSifl xpOBBBB IIIeBCnBpa OTBOCflTCfl m> dTOMy 

poAy TBop^ecTBa; cioAa se mosbo saqflcUBTB b 4>PftBity8(^dfi Bjac- 
CBHecKÍfi TeaTpi, nocROJBRy obi BEjraeTCfl se npocTUMx noApasa- 
BÍeMi>, a OTpaserieMx coBpeMeaBofi 4^paHqydCR0d aRBSBB; AP&im 
FfiTe „Tei^x" b „BrMOBTB", „PasóoíiHBBB", „Tcmb' b „Bauee- 
BiTefiBi^ niBJJiepa, xgaMu AjrB4)BepH, Cbjibbío DejuHRO, EaaBMÍpa 
^ejaBBBfl, poMaBTBqecBÍfi TeaTpi iSoro b ^lOMa-oTi^a MoryrB 6utb 
TaRse OTBeceBU r'b qflciy stbxi TpareAifi^ bi ROTopux'B spBxeiB 

CTaJIRBEaiCfl co CBOBMB BpeARaMB B COBpeMeBBBRaMB Vh CaMUfl 

TparB^ecRifl MBByTU bxi jbhhoíí b npeBMyn^ecTBeBBO BaipoBaiBEoi 

SB8BB. 

Hama pyccRÍe nacaTejia a^&ob TaRse BeoABORpaTBUfl bo- 
nuTRB cosAaTB TaRyfo aai^ioaajiBflyH) TpareAÍK). CfoseTu ]^B aefl 
BOCTaBjífljia fláma ApeBBfla acropÍH, aeptARO aapoABUfl npeAaaia 
BJB flCTopaqecRÍfl j[ereBAu. Ho b% dTofi CTapaaš, RaRi mu BaaeM^ 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



J 



TPHJiorifl rp. A. K. TOJicToro. 703 

HCTHHHaro TparH3Ma Úujío ne mhofo, h noiOMy npnxOAHJOCb ero 
Bu^yMBiBaTb. BoTi no^eiiy b% namefl HaqioHajbHolt xpare^ÍH npH- 
j^MaHHoe H npHCO^HHeHHoe Bcer^a npeDÓjia^aJo HaA'B hcthhho- 

HapOAHEIlTB, BUHHTaHHUMX Xy^Oď^OHRaMH HSl* CaMOfi SH3HH. Ha- 

^HHafl ch Tpare;úfi CyMapoEoea, diHxns nepBuxi nonuTOs^L nafiTH 
TparHHecKoe b^b pyccBoft jkhshh, KOH^afl fl Hame BpeMH co^Hnen- 

HHMH HCTOpH^eCKHMII ^tpaMaMH, yCJIOBHOCTB H nOApaataHÍe — OTJIHqH- 

TejibHHfl HepTu TaBHxi* npoHSBeAenifi. Hh rjiy60K0& catfo5EiTHo& 

pyCCBOfi H^eH, HH BÍpHÍIXX THHOBX, HH HapO^HHXX HyBCTBX C% HXX 

HaiúoHajibHtiifB oco6eHHOCTHMH He BCTp^THMi Mti Bi 8THX'B xpare- 

JUATB, HBl^ BOTOpUXl HeMHOrífl HM^fOTB, BOpOHeMl, HSB^CTHEIfl, HO 
^fflCTO BH^HIHÍH ;iOCTOHHCTBa. 

HcTopincB pyccRaro reaxpa jífiJi7B.ewb, oj^naKO, ocTanoBRTscfl na 
AByxx noHLiTKaxx, CAijranHHXt bi btotb po^i, h, noacajyfl, e^HH- 
CTBeHHUx^B, b'b BOTopiixi xparH^ecKoe bi^ namefi nai^ioHajBHOfi 
AH8HH yiOBjíeno 6ojAe hjh Menie b']&pho. 

DepBaH Hsi HHXi npH csoewh noflBJieHÍH B035yAHjra Cojrsmofi 
BOCToprt — TO 6uJi% „BopHCi» FojíyHOBi" nyniKHHa, yBna^Bniift 
cvbrh Bx caMHe poManTH^ecide ro;i;H nanreft c^obcchocth, Eor^a 
MEi TaBi seiajH hmíix caMo6tiTHyio xpare^iK) cb npBoS nenaiLH) 

HCTHHHOft HapOAHOCTH. 9tHMX TpeÓOBaHÍflM-B „BopHCl ToflyHOB-B** 

jAOBJíeTBopfljii jHfflb OTiacTH. %o H3X Bcfcxx HaniHxt Tpare^ífi 
9Ta 6iuia caMafl xy^íOKecTBenno saROHneHnaa — 061 dtomi hc mo- 
jsen 6uTb cnopa. Ona BUA^^Hjracb cbohmh jHTeparypHUMH ao- 
eroHHCTBaMH, h HJiaHHpoBRofi ci^eHi, H SHBOCTBK) ^i&^ora, H flSU- 
KOiTb, vh KOTopoMx TBJVh y^^a^HO HOBoe cjiHTO cx apxaHqecEHMX. 

„BopHCb FOAyHOBTb" MOKOT-B 6hTB Ch HOJHHM-B npaBOMX Ha3BaHX 

;(paMaTH3HpoBaHHOfi anoneefi crapHHu. Ho 9Ta ApaMa Bce-TaBH rpa- 
re^ÍH H3% aRHSHH eAHHHHHaro jHi^a, a ne xpare^iH jbhshh napoA- 
Hofi. XyAOXHHKi CTpeMHJCH HO CTOJisKO BHpasHŤt xparH^ecKyK) 
fíffiío Hamefi sh3hh bi* anoxy qapcTBOBaHifl Bopnca, ckojilbo 3a- 
HflPB Giun, Aymofi npecTyneHBa, js^jia. Koxoparo Haciynaai jens 
BOSMesAÍB. Tasan nocranoBKa ApanaTH^ecBaro A'^ffiCTBÍfl MOj^erB 
ůaTh o^eHB TparHHHa, h bb „BopHcž'* TparH3Ma mhofo, ho jtrh- 
HOCTB npecTynHHKa EaRx-xo cobcímx sacjOHHer^B coCoft jihhhoctb 
i^apfl H TY H^eH) BjacTH, EOTopyK) OHi» BOHjion^aerL. 

HTasB, Apany IlyniEHHa e^Ba ^h mosho npH3HaTB sa bhojihí 
y^íaBmificH onarL pyccROň nai^ioHajLHOfl Tpare^in, x.-e. TaRofl, bi 
soTOpofi Hai^ionajBHtifl qepTii xapasiepa h napo^noe MÍpoco3ep- 
i^aHÍe AaBaJiH 6u ceCa qyBCTBOBaTb. Ecjih npeAXflBjrHiB Hai^ioHajis- 
HOfi Tpare^ÍH hmohho 9th TpeÓOBanífl, to bo Bceft namefi Apana- 

45* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



704 B«CTHHSl EBPOmi. 

TH^ecKOfl JTHTepaTyp* tojisko o^na „TpajiorÍH* A. K. To-icroro 
uomevh — AO HseicTHOň CTeneHH — hmi otbíthts. 



„TpHJorifl", BaB^B BOoCii^e MHoroe, ^tó nHcano A. Tojictuhi, co- 
bcími He oi^^HeHa no xocTOHHCTBy. KpHTHBa HeoxoTHO 6paj[acb sa 
ea oi^HKy, h Bor^a ea 8to pimajiacb, to b^b ÓoxbmimcTBb eiy- 
HaeB'B BUHOCHJia nperoBopi oneHB cxporifi. 

OrucKaTB cjiaCHfl cxopoHH bx ;^paMax'B A. TojiCToro — ne ipy^HO. 
Ho ecjiH Ha 8th se ap^mei nocMOipiiB, BaRi Ha nepBtift omm 

H npHTOMl pŠmHT&IBHUft H CM'|jafi OIIHrb xyAOSHHBa, He hmíb- 

maro hh npeAmecTBeHHHBOBi, hh coipy^HEBOBi vb CBoefi paóOTi^ 
TO „TpHJorÍH)" A. TojCToro npe^eTCfl npHSHaTb oahhmi h8'b camm 
opHrHHaCjibHiixi flBJíeHÍB Hamefi cjobochocth, HecMOTpji na icnoroe 
HeopHrHHajBHoe b'b ApftMftTH^ecBHXi noioseHÍflxi ea AittcTByio- 
n^HX^B m^b. Ho npn oi^^hbí HCTopHqecKaro SHaqeHÍfl ^IpH^orín', 
H npH onpeA^eHÍH Toro eAHHCTBeHHaro fb CBoentB poj^^ib ificxa, 
BOTopoe ona sanHifaeTB bi* HameMx ApaHaTHqecKOM'B peaepTyapl, — 

HÍT'B HeofiXOAHMOČTH OCOÓeHHO nOXpo6HO BHHBaTB Vh BA TeXHH^e- 

CBÍfl HecoBepmeHCTBa h omnÓBH, Hensfi^sHua npH bcaboicb Tpy;(4^ 
HaAi> HOBUM'B MaTepíaiOMx EJíE HaA^B HOBiufB cnoco6oifx ero o6pa- 
60TBH. 

ABTopi He npÍHCEHBajTB, Bnpo^eifB, HOBaro HaTepiaia. Owb BsajrB 
CTapufi, AOCTaTOHHO yse paspaóOTaHHuB, — bsaji ne sar&M^B, htoCh 
o6jierHHTb ce6š pa6oTy, a noTOity, hto bo Bceft namefi HCTopin, 
Ap6BHefi H HOBofi, dTOTi HCTopHqecBÍfi MaTcplaj^B npexcraBJuucfl 

BaHÓOJlie HHTepeCHBIUTB H y;(06H£IM'B mtL 06pa60TBH Bl ^pmí 

TpareAÍH. Ha anoxy i^apa HBana BacHJiBeBHHa rposHaro, na i^* 
CTBOBanie FoAyHOBa h na CiiyTHoe Bpena 6uio Hs^aBna oÓpan^eHO 
BHHMaHie HamHxx nncaTejiefi. Enie sa^ojiro ^o A. ToiCToro bca 
4)aKTHHecBafl CTopona sthx^b TpeBOSHux'B jlítl namefi HcropÍH 
CBiJia HcnojiBdOBaHa fb poManaxi, noB^cxflxx h Apaiiaxi, nanHcae- 

HUX^ H B'B BdHaCCH^eCBOlTB, H Bl» CeHTHUeHTaJIBHOlIl, H B^BpoiiaH- 
THHeCKOMX CTHJli. Ho HHETO ^0 A. TOJICTOFO HC Jífik^9LJíT> BTOliy Ma- 

xepiajiy Tasoro H^efiBaro ocB'£n^eHÍB^ h hhbto, o6pa6oTEiBafl ero, ne 
(TByifJtjii xaEx BUABHHyxB Ha nepBuS njiaHi OAny hfb caMHxi Tpa- 
FHqecBHXi H^eň namefi pyccsofi shshh. 

JI,'&ficTBHTejBHo, dHOxa i^apcTBOBaBÍfl loaHHa FpoBHaro h no- 
CJ[']&AyH)^^e 3a nefi CMyTHue toabi — caMafl ApanaTH^Hafl dnoxa na- 
mefi HCTopHqecKofi SH3HH. Tpy^HO HafiTH Apyryfo, b^ soTopofi 
6ujio 6u CTOJiBRO ABHsenifl n, rjasnoe, pasnooCpasifl wh ABHsenÍH, 
H EOTopafl 6uM 6u Tasí 6oraTa THnaMH co ctojib pisRofi hhah- 



GooQÍe 



Digitized by VjOOQ 



TPHJionfl rp. A. K. TOJiCToro. 705 

BHjiya^ibHOCTBH), RERi noHTH Bcb ^'^flTejiH STOfi dnoxH. 3to — ne- 
pioA'B onesE cHJBHaro coi^iaibnaro 6poseHÍfl bx Hameu^B o6ii;ecTBÍ 
H aOTOMy anoxa aobojsho OTBpoBeHHaro ofinapyseHÍfl eaqioHajiB- 

BUTh CaMOÓUTHUXl ^yBCTB^L H nOHHTÍft. 

6*^ (k)raTOM'b h pasBoo^pasHOMi Marepiasi, KoiopnĚ xftBaiH 9th 
roAu Apaiiaiypry, A. Tojictoř ocraHOBHjrB CBoe BHHMauie Ha o^hoII, 
e^Ba JH He na caMofi Tparn^ecRofi H^e^ Hamefi sh3hh, HMeHHO ea 
BXe^ i^apcBoB BjacTH, npoABJíafon^ettCfl b^ eAHHofi BHimHefi 4^opMÍ, 
npH BceHi pa3HOo6pa8ÍH BHyTpeHHExi (|)opM'B, RaBifl efi npHAae-Tb 
HB;(H6H;(ya;ii>H0CTb BJiaciHiejfl. „TpHjorifl" MoaseTE HasBaibCH Ha- 
CTOHiAefi HaipoHajibHofl TparejíieB HMeHHO noTOny, too en ^naoocx", 
ecjiH TaR'b MosHo BfjpasHTECfl, saBJíoHeHi Bx H8o6pa«eHÍH xparH- 
HecBofi cyxbtfu ojífioU men, BupadHBmeficfl y HacB bi, HaH6oJie 
xapaBTepHofi h dojhoK (|>opMÍ h, RpOM^ Toro, npoHHBaBmeň co- 
(5oK> pyccRyH) shbhb, BaBi HHBaBaa jipyraa n^ea. Ecjh „Tpejio- 
rÍR) " A. TojCToro noHATb HMeeno BaRi TpareAÍH) i^apcROfl BjacTH, 
BaRi ;ípaMy, bx ROTopoft rjaBHoe ^íbttcTByiomee Jimo ne lejiOBÍRx, 
a H^ea, ROTopyio oh^b co6ofi Biipasaeii, hjch ROTopyio obi AOJseH'B 
BapasaTB, — to Tor^a mosho cmotp^tb crbosb naiBuu na MHoríe 
He^o^eTH Tpare;pH, He^oqeTH, 6htb MO»eTi», ^aae HeBOJBeue h 
Bem6Í7REue. 

Bi CBoefi „TpHJioriH" A. Tojictoíí ocTajca BipeHx oCmHMX po- 
MaHTH^ecRHiTB npieMaM'B cBoero TBop^ecTBa: a^h nero ho ctojibro 6bi ja 
Basea peajBHafl npaB^a BH^niHflfl, crojibro ofin^aa uucjih ero nodTH- 
^ecBaro saMHCJia. IIpH TaROMi npieirife TBopneeraa, y^aieHÍe otb 
sHTeĚCROfi iipaB;(Li bii o6jiacTB cHMBOJiH^ecRaro o6o6n^eHÍa 6uJio 
HeHSÓ&RHO. Ob APyroR cropoeH, aejiaHie coa^aTB Tpare^iio ho- 
npcH^BHO HamoBajiBByH) otíasuBajio noaxa nosaÓOTHTBca o „m'Ict- 

HOMt ROJIOpHTi". y^epataiB BTOTB MÍCTHHB ROJOpHTB B^ OCBOB- 

BEix^ 4>Hrypaxi, b'b ROTOpuxi cHMBOJiHSHpoBajiacB caMa H^ea ipa- 
re^ÍB, 611J0 RpafiBe xpy^ao, h sa HCRJiK)qeBÍeM'B i^apa Oe^opa 
HBaBOBH^a, B^ ROTopoMi aBTopy yAMocB co^eiaTB H^eftBEifi chm- 

BOJl'b CB SHBOft BJIOTBK), H ROTOpBifi BOBTOMy OTJIHJCa B^ HCTHBBO 

xyíoatecTBeBBHň thbi, ocraaBHBia rjaBBiia XificTByion^ia JiHiía, 
napB HBaBi> FposBHň h Bopncx Fo^yBOB^ — BanojOBHHy oTBjíe- 
%eHBiie 56pa3u, a Be jho^h. TycTiiMH m4ctbhmb, aBor^a rpy6o- 
peajíBBHMH RpacRaMH npHBijrocB BEipncoBUBaTB BOdTOMy xapaRTepBi 
BTopocTeBeBBUxi jBiTB, a TaRKe ci^eBH H8% BapoABoft aHBBH, no- 
neuy vh „TpHJoriH** h noJiyiHJiocB BerapMOBBiBoe CMÍmeBÍe BOjt- 
qepBByxaro peajHSMa b-b ^eTaiaxi ch CHMBOJiHBMOirB rjiaBBuxi 
<j^Hryp'B. niapB HBaBí h i^apB BopncB pascyacíaiorB h roBopai-B 
coBC^Mi Be B-B jiyxi CBoero BpeneBB b pi^Bio canoro A. TojCToro, 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



706 BftCTHHBl EBPOini. 

Tor^a RaBi Bcb oRpysaion^ifl jiet^sl cejiatca bo ^to 6u to hh CTaio 
noAorHaxb ceofi o^pasi p^qn h mucjh noA'B Mipocosepi^aBie h asuki 
XVI— XVn BtKa. 

IIoMHMO TaRoro CM^meHÍa peaJi&Huxi (hjh noA% apxeoJiorHqe- 
CRÍfi peajiHSMi noAOFHaHHux^B) A^rajiefi cb CHMBOJH?ecRHMH o6pa- 
saMH rjiaBHEix'B ^'ifficTByioiiiHXi* JHK^B, Bi „TpHJorÍH" nona^aerefl 
He Majro ihcto poMaoTHqecRHxx ycjoBHOCTeŘ h 94»4»eRTOB'E, ROTopue 
Ha HOBHSHy npeieHAOBaTB ne iioryrb. Bi> ApaMaiH^ecROfi JiHTepaTypi 
Sana^a 8th d(ff(jfeiíTu BCipt^aiOTCfl wb h3o6hjiíh. Korj^a mu npecyi- 
CTByeMi npH Óec^jifk loanaa Ch BOJixBaiiB, npa TaHHCTBeHHOicE pas- 

rOBOpi dTHXl BOJIXBOBl Cl To^iyHOBUMl, CB ROTOpUMl OHH FOBO- 

pflrB TOŘ sfne saraAO^Hoň piqbto, RaROfi HŽRorAa roBopHjH b^j^bmu 
CB MaR6eT0M'B; Ror^a mu cjymaeMi aaobhiua H8A'6BaTej[BCTBa myia 
HaA'B rpo8BUM'B H Ha MrHOBCHÍe BafiuBaeMi, RTO nepeA'B hemh — 
RopojiB Jlepi HjiH EtapB IlBaHx; Ror^a sax^Mi ho^bh) mu bh;(hm*b 
Etapa BopHca nepe^x nycTUM'B npecioiOMi, na ROTopoMi eMy qy- 
AHTCfl npHspaR^B JIJMHTpifl, H OHI, RaR'B jiBAH MaRÓeTB, (Sjíys^aeTi 
no najiaTaMi b'b nojycoMHaMÓyjH^ecROMX coctojíhíh; RorAa setími 
MU npHcyíCTByeMi npH cJOBecHOMi lypnup-j^ repi^ora XpHCxíafla 
^axcRaro h i^apeBHna Oe^opa^ na rjia3ax'B nedeMHOfi, H^HOfi, 
ceHTHMeHiajiBHoii Kcenin; Ror^a, HaRonei^^B, mu cjiuniHM'B pasroBopi 
napa Bopeca cb i^apeBHqeM'B Oe^opoMi, Roioputt, no^osp^Bafl OTaa 
Bi y6ífiCTBÍ, RaRi TparHqecRÍfi repofi IIlHjjiepa hjh BHRTopa Fioro, 
o^eroJiflerB cbohm'b 6jiaropoACTBOM'B h OTRasuBaexcfl hphhatb ^epsasy, 
— TO Bdb 3TH nojosenÍH, jásmora h mohojiofa Rasyícfl HaMi wbwb- 
TO oqeHB sHaROMUMi H saHMCTBOBaHHUM^ H31 cxaparo pOMaHTH- 
qecRaro penepxyapa. Ho cxporo ocys^aiB aiH HOBOJiBHUfl hjih boib- 
HUfl saHMCTBOBaHÍfl 6ujio 6u HecnpaBOMHBO. He bi> hhxi» — cyxB 
„TpHJoriH''; OHa — b'b ochobhoS xpara^ecRofi H^et, a^ (SdjBmaro 
BUflCHOHifl ROTopofi OHH upH^yMaHu; H ecjiH dTH dj^^eRTu crapu, 
OHH CBoe HasHa^enie Bce-iaRH BunojiHfliorB; ohh A^psaxi speteifl 
Bi noBumeHHOM^B, naieTH^ecROMi nacipoenÍH. 

TparHqecRafl haob i^apcRoS Bjacin npeACiaBJíeHa A. Tojctumi 
B'B Tpex'B efl padHOBHAHux'B npoflBjieHÍflxi>, H BO Bcix'B aiHX^B xperb 
BHAa^ ona yMHpaerx cmoptbk) BucoRo-xparH^HOfi. Ona hochtb 
caMa KB ce6i CBoe ocys^eHÍe, h aBTopi, pasBepTUBaa nepeA'B HaMH 
RapTHHy efl aroHÍH, ^aerB naMi bcho hohatb, ^to ho wl btbx% 

ýopMaXl, — B'B ROTOpUXl OHa A^^CTBHTeJBHO HpOflBJfljaCB Wb BHr 

nieM'B HauionajbHOMi nponuioM'B — AOJiTRua ona BupaauiTBCfl, ecni 
sejiaerB Hsí^rnyxB RaxacTpo^u. B-b „TpHJoríH' nepe^^ hamh cem^b 
aBxop'B — y6'isAeHHuii pui^apb MOHapxHqecROň H^en h, bm^ctí c% 
rkub, qej[OBÍRi> HiecxHAecflxuxi foaobx, xaRi mhofo AyMaBorífi o 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



TPaiorifl rp. a. k. TOJororo, 707 

B08M0XH0CTH corjameHifl npHHaHna eAHHofi Riacra ci noipeÓHO- 
CTflMH Bce 6oAÍe h 6o;i^e noApociaBinaro Tor^a otfn^ecTBa. 

CoBpeMeHHaa oodTy oÓn^ecTBeHaaa iiucjb Morja npoAHKTOBaTB 
eiíy ocHOBHyK) ejí^k) ero „TpnjioriH''. A TaR'B saRi dxa H^ea 5ujia 

OXHOH) H3X pyROBOAflO^HXl BJlfitL Hameň HaiÚOHaJbHOfi SH8HH, TO H 

„TpHJioriB'' A. TojcToro ABJífleTCfl ipare^iefi BaiuoHajBHOfi, nosa e^H- 
CTBeHHOfiy Bi BOTopofi ocBŠn^eHa He saBafl-HHÓyA^ oiyHafiHOCTB ea- 
mefi HCTopH^ecRofi shshh, a noBasaHi b:l a^ctbíh oahhi h3'l Bas- 
HŠfiniHxi pu^aroBi, npHBOAHBmHXi dxy shshb bx ABHsenie. 

H^efl BJiacTH flBjfleTCfl ke „TpHJiorm'' b^ c.i'6AyK>n^HX'B cbohxi 
BBAaxT»: vb „CMepTH loaHHa FposHaro" — KaEx aecTOKift h xeMHuň 
xeenoTHSMi npH pejiHiiosHOfi canBiuH; bi „Ui^P^ Oexop^^ — BaK'E 
BjacTB, ooHpaioiitaflCfl na oaho jihiob pejHríosHoe h HpaBCTBeHHoe 
^yBCTBO, 6681 noM^psKE BOJiH H yica, — H, HaKonei^i, bi nA^P^ 
EopHcš" — KavB npocBtn^eHHiifi AecnoTRsiťB yna, Óesi caBKi^H mo- 
pajibHOfi. Bo Bcix^b 9THX'B xpexi BH^^axi HAefl RiaCTH npHBOAHrB 

€BOHX'B HOCBTesefi HJH El THÓaiH, HJH K'L COSHaHÍH) HeHCnOJHeHHOfi 

sa^au. 

&b Aptufi „GifepTL loaHHa FposHaro^ rposBufi i^apB — oxBpo- 
BeHHuft anojoreTB exHHoň BjacTH. II,apB loane^s — ^aHaxHBOb ea; 
OBa BoojiH^ OToacxecTBJíaeTca bte eeirb ch ero jmraocibK): obx 
MoserB ci^aTB co cbohitb npaBoiTB ht5 xo^erB, h Aftsse ox^aTB 
ero- BOMy xo^erB, — sasi, Hanp., b:b MHHyxy BanpHsa offB oxj^ajob 
ero 6oapcBOfi Aywb. Oh:b, npaBxa? roTOBi BaaxBca nepe^nb cbo- 
HMH xojionaMH, — HO He noxoMy, ixo oh'b b'b dxoM'B DOsaamH 
HMeHHO nepexi hhmh EymjíMCfi. Jí^jíň bcíxx jno^efi y eero ecxB 
xoiBBO OAHO qyBCTBO — npespime, npesp^HÍe flfioíe b'b rbwb, 

BOXOpUX^B OHX, OOBHAHMOMy, A^POXI CBOefi APyS^Ofi H AOB-J^píeiTB, 

a xasse h CBoefi jik)6obbh), sas^, naop., aenii^HHx. CyABH ero 
IcijaiTB HÍxi, noxoMy qro.Hixi cyABH Bory, bi RoxopoiťB hcxoh- 
HHBi Bcasofi BJiacxH. Rivh AJH Hero h coBixiHKa. Ohi oahhx 
OAapeH'B opjHHiiMi BsrjiaxoMi; y ApyrHx:B— BypHHoe oko; oh^ OABHOb 
npoBH^^irB, ht6 BAara, h bcb sacjiyra ero noMon(HHROB:B jhhib Vb 
TOMi, Hxo OHH HCopaBuo Bepniaxi ero bojiio. HnxepeeB h Biiro^a 
poARHH — H tí coBnaÁftioxi^ Wh ero npexcxaBjeniH cb ero coÓcxboh- 
Hofi jra^uoeTBK): Bor^a Eonexa BOSB^cxHJia eny cMepxB, h Eor;ia 
OHI nepe^Tb son^Hnofi cn^mHx^ dasjíioHHXB HOBiiroAnuft MHpi ci 
BHimHHKB BparaMH, H eny HanOMHHaK>x% o6i> ynaseHUi pyccsofi 
9ecTH, oh:b ne npHSHaexi npana na bto ^yncxBO hh sa b^itb, Eorxa 
0H!B — BJUwiEo — caMx AO($poBOJ[BHO yHHsaoxcH. A MesAy X^MX He 
OBx jui Bx HacxaBjenÍH cuny A^exi caniie ryMannue cobíxu? 
^IlapH c^ JU060BBH), H (TB fijiaroHecxieMB, h ci BpoxocxBH); ne Ejra^H 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



708 raCTHHS^B BBPOnU. 

HanpacHO hh na soro hh BasHH, hh onaju; ne mcth no us^ m(h 
HM'L BparaMi; Ójiioah h MHJiyfi Ma^Hxy h Óy^B sa oahhx (tb 6pa- 
toitb"... TaRoe HaciasjíeHie wh ycTaxi loanea oiees lapaBTepeo: 
OHO noRasuBaerB, hto oh'l npHSHaerE bosmoshoctb cobcÍmi hso& 
junHEOŘ H rocy^^apCTBeHHOfi MopaiH, h hto ecjiH oei npHAepsHBaercfl 
CBoeft, TO ne noTOMy, hto 9to e^íHHCTBeHnaa eny ^íocTynnaH h no- 
HflTHafl Mopajb, a noTOMy, mo xaROBa b'b AftHHOirB CJiywi ero xuh- 
Hafl bojih. JlHqHaa bojia, JiimEUŘ npoHSBOJTE — botb bca HecscxHaa 
rocyAapcTBeHHafl My^ipocTb, Roxopofi npeAepsHBaeTCfl srovb Bja- 

CTHTCJIb. 

ncHXHiecRifi MÍpí HacTOfln^aro HCTopHqecRaro loanna 6usb, 

BOHe^HO, 60J!^ CJlOTReniy, ^iu^h toto TaĚHElfi Mip^B AyniH HCTHH- 

Haro ^ecnoTa, o6pa3'B BOToparo eapHCOBajrB aami xyxosHHS^; ho 
TparH^ecBafl haba canoBJíacTBA, h^oa AecnoTHsiia, npH peiHrio3HOfi 
caHBaiH,^ 6631 eaHB^ÍH mop&sbhoS, — HacTO npoflBjflBmaflCfl bx namelt 
SH3HH, — cxBa^eHa nodTOMi BŠpao bx efl cyniHOCTH, xota, uomen> 
6uTb, H ne coBC^Mi Bšpao BOOJion^eHa HMenno bi AaHHOirB hcto- 
pnqecROMi jiEuib. Ho ^pana A. Tojctofo 6ujia ne ctojbro Tparejuefi 
jíHi^a, CROARO Tpare^ieS HMeHHO hach — HCTopH^ecROfi h HaqionaJB- 
Hofi, H Bx BTOiťB cMucjii saiLifoqHTejBHHfl cjioBa 6oflpHHa SaxapBHHa, 
cx ROTopiiMH OHI oÓpan^aeTCfl Rx MepTBOMy loaHHy h bx Bopecy, 
saCpaBmeMy BjiacTs bx cboh pyRH: „botx caMOBjracTBfl Rapa"' — 
dTH cjioBa BHpasaioTx BecB TafiHiifi cMBicjíx namefi cHHBOiH?ecBoS 
ApaMu. GHJia BX TaBOMx ea o^HapyseHÍn, — xor&sx CRasaTB aBxopx, — 
CBoero HasHaneHÍfl ne HcnoJiHHja; oea, necMOTpfl na CBOfi raranT- 
CRÍfi pasMaxx, ne Bnecjia HHRaRoro aopsARa bx shshb, h bx hh- 
HyTy CBoero RpymeHin npe^ocTaBHjia rocy^apcTBO bo BJiacTB HOBinrB 
cuy^aftHOCTflMx. 

Ta »e HAefl BjacTH, ho tojbbo cobc^mx bx hhomx npoflBjieHÍH, 
o6pHCOBaHa bx ap&mš „n^apB Oe^opx loannoBRTB''. HocHreiB aroS 
HABR BX AaHHOMx cjiY^di/b — npflMafl npoxHBoaojioiRHOCTB Aecnora- 
BjaAUBH. HcToqHHBx ero B^acTH — Ta se pesHriosHaa cansuin, h 
BpoMÍ Toro caHBaifl MopajBHafl, HO 6e3x hoaabpsbh yna h bojih, 
BOTopBie óujiE TaBx CHJTBHu BX loaHut. Y OooAopa noHHMaHÍe 
CBoero HasHaienifl nocTpoeHO HCBuouTejiBHO na tomx, ^Tb euj 
noACBaiseTx ero xpHCTÍancBoe cepAi][e. Ohx canx npHSHaercfl bx 

9T0MX OqOHB OTBpOBeHHO. CBOBMy nepBOMy COBŠTHHBy OHX rOBOpHTX! 

„B'6Aftft TBT, RaRx sHaeniB, rocy^apcTBO — ho sor^a naxo B^xatB 
cepAi^e qejiOBŠRa, to 3A^cb a 6ojiBme cmbtcjiio. Moha bo bcAtl 
A^jaxx c6htb cx TOJRy h ofiManyTB ne Tpy^no; ho Borxa nysHO 
HsÓpaTB Mesx T^Mx, mb 6*6^0 h htó nepno, to bx 8tomx a ne 
oOManycB, h My^pocTH ne ejsrbo raiix, vflib npHXOAHTca k^joltl no 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



TPHJiorifl rp. Á. B. TOjCTOro. 709 

cobícth". Bcfl rocyAapcTBeBHafl nporpaMMa OeoAopa CBe^ena k-b 
ojíHOMy — Ki MjirKocTH H DpomeHÍK). BpaTOBi BHyxpeHHHxi fljfl Hero 
hítb, TBSffh RaRi om> ne SLejihevh hxi bha^tb; oh'b cam totob^ 
B3HTB Ha ce6fl ^axe rocyAapcTBeHHoe upecTvnjieHie niyttCBaro, 
iHinB 6u Ee 6uTb o6fl3aHH£[M'B HaiaraTB sa dTO npecTyajEeme Bapy. 
]^ň Hero He cyn^ecTByerB hh xhtpocth, hh ^(HnjioifaTÍH. Bi ero 
íynA, — roBopHTB Fo^yHOBi, — OTRpuroft ne^pyry h ípyry, atHBerB 
jK>(k>BSy H (SjarocTb, h MOiHTBa, — HO fl^is 9ero bcii dTa ČjarocTb h 

BCfl CBflTOCTB, ROF^a y HHXX H^Tl HHSaBOfi HHOil OQOpEI? H XHTpHtt 

;vnjOMarB npaBi, Bas^B rocy^apcTBenHiifi 9ejioB'bB'B, ]t,jia Roroparo 
diaronojiy^e rocyMpcTBa— nepBaa sajíaqa bchkoB BJiacTH. 

H Geo^íopa THroTHrt sia RiacTB, Kor^a OHaipeCyert ort nero 
xoTfl MajiiSmaro HanpjixeHifl bojh. A MesAy Tby^b owh othh);^ 
He HH;iH(|>4>epeHTH0 othochtch kx CBoeft sa^a^i: owh cípa^íajiei^-B, 
MHHyTaMH neccHMHCTrL-MHCJ[HTeji& wb pojíH FaMjeTa, y BOioparo 
OffB saHMCTByerB ^ame o^ny $P^y- Khajehí McracjraBCKoft, — 
noTepflBmeft seHHxa^ ohi roBoperL: „/ta, KHAatna, w, nocTpHrncB! 
yĚíH, yfi^H orB Mipa! Bb Bem> npaBAH hít-b! S. otb nero h 
caiTB 6u xotíji-b yfi™ — mhí crparano b-b HeirB*1 

Bhtb MOKerB, h 9totb oCpaa-B ne cooxBtTCTByeTx HCTopH^e- 
csoMy jnmy, — ho saTO ocHOBHaa xparH^ecKafl hach nojynaerB wb 
Eewh HOBoe ocBŠn^eHie. GanB aniopB, roBopn o TparH^ecRofi bhh-^^ 
6eo;(opa, ^yMaerB, ?to ona saRjnoqajiacB fb HcnojiHeRÍH BJiacrn npn 
coBepmeHHOirB HpaBciBeHHOM^ ÓescmmE. B'6pH^e 6ujio 6a CRasaTB*. 
npH 6e3CHJiÍH BOJH, — TaKi KaKi Geoíopi CHjen^B Bce-TaKH cosHa- 
BÍeiťB CBoefi HpaBCTBeHHofi npaBOTu, a dTO bb ero rJiasax^B — bmšct^ 
CB pejrarieft — 6hjio ejiHHCiBeHHOft canKi^ieft ero BJiacTH. Oh-b totob-b 
OTpe^BCH OTB cBoeH BjiacTH, h ecjH ^epsHTCfl sa Hee, to bb CHJiy 
cosHaHÍH CBoefi o6fl3aHHOCTH CTOflTB Ha yBadaHHOifB eny Boroirb 
míctš. OffB, BaBi n ero orei^B, CBoero po^a pui^apB H^en ca- 

MOBJíaCTÍH, BO TOJIBRO HO BOHHCTByH)^^fi (|)aHaTHB'B, a pBII^apB 

saionpficfl H MOJffln^iilcfl. H ^Tb se? Bca sia HpaBCTBeHHafl ^h- 
CTora, — ht6 ^aja OHa íjih rbxi, jio^eft, na^^ kotophmh, oÓJeien- 
nafl BjacTBK), nocTaRiena? KaKx npn E(ap* rposHOM^s fijiaro rocy- 
xapcTBa OTcrynajio na sa^nift njraHi nepe^B jih^hocibk) canoro 
BiacTHTejifl, Tasí h npH Oeo^op^, anrejBCRH hhctomi h hobhhhomb, 
8T0 6jaro — rjaBnaa aaCora h onpaBAaHÍe BJiacTH — ne naniJio ceCt 
ocymecTBjieHÍH. BjracTB ne^ajiHJiacB o neycxpoftCTBi rocy^apciBa, 
HO 6uji9L 6e3CHjiBHa c;d&jiaTB ?T0-HH6y;p» Xja ero os^opoBJíenifl. 

Hysna ÓBrjia xpyraH sjacTB, cHJBHafl, dHepre^Han h nporpec- 
CHBHafl BjracTB, ROTopan orosAecTBjflja 6u cbok) CHjy cb cHJioft 
rocyAapcTBa, mjra 6u na BCipi^y nasp^BniHMi Tpe6oBaHÍflMB MHHyTu, 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



710 BftOTHHRl BBPOIUí. 

BJiacTb CHJiBHafl yMOMi H Boaefi. A. TojiCTOfi HsoÓpasHJii HaMx hoch- 
lejfl xaROfi BJiacTH bi i^ap^ BopHci. Eny npHAajii> oh'l bcí Ka- 
necTBa, OTCyTCTBÍe kotophx'b npesejo ivb rHfíejiH ero npe;íniecTBee- 

HHKOB'L, HO SaXO OHI JIHHIHJIl dTJ BJaCTB OAHOfi H81 rJiaBHHTK 

onopx — onopu HpaBCTBeHHofi caHRi^H. IIorpd^niHjrB jm A. Taicrofi 
npoTHBi HCTopÍH, upHSHaKB B'B BopHCÍ jÓiHu^j H noxHTHTaifl npe- 

CTOJa B^B npflMOH'B CVUCjAj 9T0 — BOnpOCl CnOpH£lfi H Jffh paSBHTÍH) 

OCHOBHO& xparHiecRoil hach ho OTHocflniíficfl. CaMa h^oh Morjia 
HM'6Tb Tasoe o^Hapysenie, h ^paMaiypn 6ujub npaB^B. 

y»e Bx jífi&wb „Iljapb OeAopx" míhoctb Bopnca oCpECOBana 
BHOJiH^ flCHO. Ona — canafl BejH^ecTBeHHafl (|)Hrypa Bcefi ap^mh, 
HO noKa en^e ne xparHqecEafl. EopHCL — eAHHCXBeHHtifi nporpec- 
CHBHuň qejiOB'6K'L cpeAH cxaparo MOCROBCKaro pemnMa. Oh<b — BparB 
Bcíxx xšx-B, Roxopue xoxarB „jkhbhh HOBoň CBŠxjoe xe^eme 
oxBJie% Bx cxapoe pyaao". Ohx roxoBi ixhxb bx cbohxi BpararB 
rpas^aecRyiD jifiÓJiecTh, ho ne npon^aexi hmi xoro, hxo ohh Hxyn 
HBÓHXOK) xponoft, H xoFO, ^xo OHH — paÓBi npe^aHÍfl. Oh-l noBHMaen, 
?xo npn OoAopt, noA'B c^Hbio ero naccHBHOfi h rochoS BJiacxH, 
xaRafl xpa;l[H^ifl cxapHHu paBHOCHJBna o6n;ecxBeHHOMy sacxoK). H 
BopHCL ^ecxoR'L Bi cBOoň 6ofh&b cb BparaiiH. ]í,Ji& nero fflrb 
HeAOSBOJieHHHxi cpeACXBi npn xoft i^íjih, Roxopyio ohi ce&b cra- 
BHxi. 3xa ujbjíb ABOflRaa: h jTH^nafl, h rocy^apcxBOHnaa. Bi> xp^mí 
„IIjapB Oe^opi" iiHiHiifi HHxepeci Bopnca rřcno cihxi >cb ero 
o^H^ecxBeHHiíMH njaHaiíH, ho sax^Mi, Ror^a Bopeci cxaj['B i^tpeMi, 
QTOVh jíbhuuíl HHxepeci npocB^n^eHHaro BjacxHxejH oxcxynaexi 
coBcbwb na Bxopoii njani. H rřiii ne Menše, axa pasyMnaa h 
CHJBHafl BjacxB oCpenena na ruóejib. H rH6ejB dxa bucobo xpa- 
rHqna noxoMy, hxo sepxBofi ea cxanoBHxcH qejOBŠRi, Roxopnfi bo 
Bcšx'B HHux'B CMiíciaxi, RpoMŠ HpaBcxBeHHaro, MOFB 6u 00 npaBj 
6hxb xopsecxByioníHMx repoeMX. BjracxHxejiB pd^AS&ro nojEXH^ecRaro 
yMa H xaRxa, RaRHiix ohi flBjflexca b'b sHaneHExofi ciieHŠ opieiia 
nocjiOB:B, i^apB BopecB — npocBŠn^eHHufi h jH^epajBHHifi cjyra ro- 
cywpcxBa. Ohi hoÓíahjtb. Hhrxo — flyMaexTb ohx — ne vosexi 
ocyAHXB ero xenepb 3a xo, 9xo ohi meji r'b ujkiE ne npflMoS 
Aoporofi; HHRXO ne ynpeRHexob ero sa xo, hxo owh sanjaxHji sa 
BeJiHHie Poccíh ^hcxoxoŠ CBoeft xyinn. Owh coBepmHj^ rpixi ne 
AapoMx H Mosexi* xeoepB h^xh cxeaeio hhcxoB; jífia npaB;^ h 
AoČpa jífipsMTh OHI xenepb CBOfi cRHnexp^B — xaRx pascys^aerb 
OH^B, ne BHAfl xoro Bpara, Roxopufi j^ojisiewb paspymHXb hdb ero 
BOJiHRie saMbicju. A saMucjiu dxH, A^ficxBHxejiBHO, BeJiHRH, cyxfl no 
xoMy peýopnaxopcROMy xyxy, RaRHirb ohh oiKHBjeHii. IIopA^ORi 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



r ' .v 



TPHJiorifl rp. A. E. TOjCToro. 711 

BHyTpH; nopfl^^oRi cnpaBeA^HBBifi, HaapasjíeHHug aa suroAy Bcefi 
seitM, a He o;íHoro EaKoro-HHĎyAB cocaoBia, nopaAOK-L no tiwh 
BpeMeHaM:L j^sísrb ryMaHHufi, n^a^anúS pa6a, HaCRoasBO bosmosho, — 
Bora qT6 aaaarB ocymeciBHTb dwrb ysypnaiopi npecTOJia. Bropofi 
ero 3a5oToK 6uJio CBflsaTb cb Sana^OMi MOJOAyio Poccík), Boxopafl 
XOJSHa CTaxB pa^oifi co cbohmh cocíjí^mh, a bx 6yAyii^eH'L one- 
pe;(HTB hx:l. Oa'b cairB no^aeii npHMip^ TaEoro eAHHeHÍH ci syjiB- 

TypBHlTB MÍpOlTBy OHX, BOTOpufi HaCTOJIBRO JIH6epaJieH'B, ?T0 OTRa- 

BHBaerca npecjr&;i[OBaTB jno^efi sa dombicjih, yBaataeTX qyíKyH) Bipy 

H BX CBOH) C06CTBeHHyK) CeMbK) TOTOBl* npHHflTB HHOCTpaHQa Ha 

npaBax'L ciiHa. 

BCi 9TH nOMUCJIU H Ha?HHaHÍfl HO npHHOCflTl HHRaROrO 

iLio^a, H rocyxapcTBO bhobb rHČHerB, oT^aHHoe bo BJiacTs CMyii 
H cjyHafieocTBMi, h TEÓnen noTOiry, ^to bo Bcen-L btomx BejHqÍH 
BjacTH ecTB BHyTpeHHflfl Jiomh — HpaBCTBeeHufl rpixi, Jiesan^ífi ea 
jsjísrb BJiacTHTejfl. IIpecTynHHROMi b^b r^rasaxi eapo^a i^apB ho 
MoaeTx 6BITB, — roBopHTB BopHCB, HaiHHafl cosHaBaiB CHJiy Bpara, 
ROTopiifi ero 0A0Ji']&6aerB; ^hctb h ÓesrpimeHi j^oJittieE^h ABHTBCfl 
i^ipBy ^to6h He TOJiBRO BOJfl OFO BepmHJTacB 6e3'B npenHHaHÍfl, ho 
9to6ei ona SHja bi nocJiymHuxi cepwaxx, RaR^B cbatuha. „Fochoab 
RapaerB MXh: otb sjta mhib sjio popiTca — Bce e^HHo: ce(5i jh 

MH CiySETB XOTHlfB, HJB I^apCTBy^, — TOBOpHTB saTpaBjeHHUfi H 

yMHpaiDn9ň i^apB, BCTyaHBmifi noA'B ROHen;^ shshh, h3'b j[HqHHX'B h 
rocyAapcTBeHHBixi ir&iefi, bhobb na Aopory hlitori h Rasnefi. 

B^B TaRHxi nocíitAOBaTejiBHux^B oÓHapyjBeHÍflx^ opeACTaBHJTB 
A. ToJCTofi FB CBoeft „Tpaioria" xparHiecRyH) hack) BJiaciH. Cana 
Hxea 8THMH TpeiíH 4>opMaMH, ROHoqno, He nc^epnana; ho totb, rto 
BHaROMi Ch namefi ncTopiefi, corjiacHTCfl, ^to hsi bc^x^b n^efi, 
ynpaBJflBHiHxi Hamefi shshbk), dxa H^eii bm^ctí cb pejHríosHofi, 
vbcEO CB Hefi CBflsaHHOfi, 6ujiB, AO CHxi nop'B H^eefi AOMHHHpyiO- 
mfi% Ej j^ficTBHiejiBHO, BOHJion^aiacB Hep^ARO b^b rtxi ýopiiaxi, 
RaRÍfl A. ToJCTOfi npHAajTB efi b'b CBoeň HCTopHnecRofi xpoHHR^. IIo- 
9T0My-T0 „TpHjiorifl" A. TojCToro h MoacerB 6htb HasBana namefi 
nepBOfi Ha^ioHaJIBHO& xpare^íefi; bx Roxopoii A^ttcxByionilHifB JiEíspui> 
SBJUieTCB Hama caMo6£ixHaH síhshb, npej^cxasjenHaff bi (|)opMÍ pas- 

BHXia OAHOfi H3'B OaBHMniHXl H^efi, pyROBOAHBHIHXl dXOfi SH3HBH). 

HoBufiy jifijihEiŘmiŘ marB naitíoHasBHofi xpare;iÍH yse CA'£jaHx 
BO ^BjiacxH XBMH** rp. JI. H. Toacxoro, h nami npocxoft Hapo;^^ 
noRasani naifB bi MHnyxy ero xparH^ecRoň 6opB6u cx pejiHríosHO- 
HpaBCTBeHHOfl sa^a^efi shbhh. 

Ho noRa „TpHJiorifl" A. Tojcxoro ocxaexcH, RaRi Hai^íonaiBnaa 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



712 raCTHHK^B EBPOnH. 

xpare^ifl, flRďemeMx eAHHHqHUMi b'b HCTopÍH Hamero Teaxpa, na- 

MflTHHKOMX TBOpneCKOft CEJThl aBTOpa, H BMŠCTÍ CB TÍITB naMflTHH- 

ROiTB ero o6iitecTBeHHofi heicih: A^ficTBHTejBHO, BTO se, Tiraa 
3Ty Tpare;uH) h cjrbjífi sa pasBHTibifB ea ochobhoS ejí^be, ne Bcno- 
MHHTB o t4x^ roíaxi, Kor^a „TpHJom*' Ciura HanHcana (1865— 
1870), o roAax'B, sor^a BJiacTB BOBce ne 6Erja AecnorflqHa, otfiajt&ia 
TBepAOH) BOJiefi H CTpeiiHJiacB HanpaBHTB shshb bi HOBoe pyao, 
HCBynaa 9thm'l BOBce ne cboh jra^Hne rpixH, a rp'£xH HcropÍH... 

H. EOTJIflPEBCBift. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



y MOPH 



MAAK'B. 



^aBHO JB MopcRafl AaJB, a ci neio He6eca, 
GsHBaflCB, TaflJH wb jiasopeBOirb h aioM^B? 
Ho BOTB yase ohh noAepnyjiHCB onaioifL 
H ÓJiŠAHuiTB sojioTOiTB. 3aBaTa noioca 
Ej^AHten, Wh cyMpaR^ BenepeeirB ^oropas. 
En^e MrHOBeníe — co&xerB na setuno MpaRx, 
H cjaCofi HCKpoEo saxeniHTCfl MaflBi. 

He TaKx me JB, Me^JieHHO h CBopÓHO saMHpafl, 

Ha^eiKAH, MysecTBO — nopoH) racnyrB bi Hacx, 

H crpamHuiťB Baserca ^pflAyI^ífi TeMHufl naci, 

KaB!B 8T0 TeMHoe HeB^AOMoe Mope, 

TjA BOJHU n^HHTCfl H Djeii^yT^ Ha npocTopš? 

Ho nycTB MsejBifl MpaiTB nojBera co bcíxi kohiíobi — 

CBÍTAmiflCfl MaHKl — OTpaxa Wfl ILIOBIíOBl. 

KaK^B HH rpOSHJH &h HlfB, RaR'B BOJHEI &B HH mynilH— 

DjiBiBfl Ha CB^Ti ero, ojiobe^h H36šrHyrB MejH, 
npesp-^Bi onacHOCTH, coME'bBha pasroHH, 
H BCTp^TflTB niCHeH) sapio HHoro ABfl* 



CTAPOE ;i;epebo. 

YsjOBaTBifi, HCspHBjeHHuft ctbojtb! 
Oh'b CToarB — orojiHBiniflCfl octobx. 
Ckojibro nflTeH'B h xeMHuxi hepoctob^b! 
HcnoJiHHi B'B paspymeHBe npHmej['B. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



714 B1^CTHHK'L EBPOnK. 

OApflXJišjia Rpaca bíkobsla, 
Ho, neqajiBHEifl paHU cRpuBafl, 
Gxapufi CTBOJiab, Ha noji,o6be njan^a, 

OÓBHBaiOrb THpjIflHABI QJIIOII^a. 

Tflik dobíhjio CMepibK) cypoBoň, 
BesHa^eatHOciBK) MepxBofi tockh — 
^H3HH JiyHmefi, Moryqefi h hobo8, 

IIpoCHBaiOTCfl CM^JO pOCTRH. 



HA BEPEry. 

Ci 3apefi BOJHa EasajiacB HsyiipyAHoň, 
npH6oii BajOB'^ rpeMÍji'B^ saKi AaJSHÍfi rpoirB, 
H n^Ha Cšjafl na npásejenH ny^HOfi 
ďCHBUM^b CBepsajia cepe^poici. 

Ct nojijjífiň Aajib cnoKofiHO-jiyqesapHa, 
Ho 9Ta THiHb — HMOJro jíH ona? 

BoJHa JIH, BaR'L jao6oBhy soBapna, 
A MOserB 6ijti>, jiioÓobb BOBapna, Bas^B BOJina? 



y nymKHHCKATO jhomhka. 

Ohi yMopx, roBoparB. Jí^jle qy»AHXx, iiajLOAyniHHrB, 
JIhhib rojiocy mojibu noABjíacxHiixi h nocjymHuxi, 
^e HMfl — jierioH-B, ohi né atHJii HHBorxa, 
n Hxi TOJina Óu^a eMy nys^a. 

H 3AÍCB, ÓJHBx AOMHBa BejHRapo noaia, 

r^i Biexi naMflXBH) cBAD^ennoK) ajísl bcíxi — 

Ssyqaxx Hx-B rojioca, hxtí HeyMŠcxHtifi cmíxi. 

Ha xo, 1x6 sjíicB atHBOx^ — b'b hx-b cepw* hšxi oxBÍxa: 

^x6 ap^a HyAHan CesAyniHBíMi h pjyxHMx? 

H jíjkTii Ciraiox^ bx xíhh ero njaxana. 

Ho hST> pyjiflioni.Hxi hhbxo ne CBaaiexi hmi, 

^í&M-B 6uji% OHI, H qero napojí JHraaicfl cb hhitb,— 

Hhbxo ho Hasonexi no93ÍH xHxana. 

H xyxx na čepeni mbi bh^ííjh cb xocBoft 

CjiOBa — HaiepxaHH BoníyncxBeHHOft pyBofi, 

Be3CXH^HUfl cjiOBa... H čepme catajiocB Ďojbh). 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



y MOPfl. 715 

A Mope, RaR'B B^ 6EIJI0MX, myMtjo djiibcb BHHsy 
H pa^OBajiocb ace BeceeneMy npHBOJBio. 
H njiiomt BOBpyrL OBoa gCbm-b cbobo joay, 
H Mope HCRpHJOcb OTB Bpafl H ^0 Rpafl, 
Ha cojHi^^ n^uoH) cepe6pflH0& Hrpaa. 
Rasajocb, ^to bo BceMi nosTa ^yxi pasjHTb, 
^TO OH-L y 6epera b-b bojih* myMflmeil luemert, 
B% nojry^eHHuxi jyqax-L CBepRaexx h ipenemexi 
H qxo-TO CBiTJoe, Moryqee cyjHrt. 

^OWIAWh „KEPBAa JIH)BOBI>«. 

rSKeMaHHuii bíkx BecejiBH h sairifi, 

B%R'L nyApu, (ffvimith e niHTaro sa^iaHa — 

RaRl SHBO TU, Bl AVÍuik ABOHXl ^'6x68, 

IIpeACxaBJíeH-B rpynnoft 6poH30BOii (j^OHxaea! 
JI,osAB Ha^iaJicH, H lOHufi RaBajiepi, 
^OManiHřOH) npeAynpesA^H Apany, 
HoA-B 30HXHR0MX Be^íexx MajiK)TRy-AaMy, 
Bepa CB apyrHxt BSAwxaxejieS npHMÍpx. 
A A^BoqRa, HaAyBi> ceptesHO ry6RH 
R noAo6paBx Rpaá RopoxRoň k)6rh^ 
Kacaexcfl CJerRa ero njeia 
TojOBROK). C^ Hxi 30HTHRa, ayp^a, 
B-fcKHXX Bo;ía, RaKi cxpyfiRH aoka^bha, 
^epxH A^Tefi ciflioxx, RaRi anBna, 
H Bafflexcfl: bx jihiíí Hrpaexi RpoBt, 
Bjiecxflxt r^asa... O, nepBaa juoCobb! 

A Ha cRaMB^, OTB rpynnBi He^i^ajeRO, 
JI^Ba spHxejfl cnA'ÍJiH oahhoro. 
Ha^x ABMOJO c4;^Ořo aoxyRa 
PacRptiJi-B cxapHRx, ciflHBe AHfl ate^afl 
GMflrqHXB fi^a. rjiaB'B. M j^aifa nosH^iafl, 
Gi> yjHfíROH) BarjflHyB^ Ha cxapHRa, 
JI^epsaBmaro Ha;('B neio sohxhri bi RJi^xRaxx, 
Ha ycB ero, cfeA^iomyio 6poBB, 

Co BSAOXOM-B B30p'B OCXaHOBHBX Ha A^TRaXl, 

SaAyMajracB... HocJii^^Hflfl jik)6obb! 

O. MHXAftjIOBA. 

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Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HS-B HCTOPIH 

BTOPOM HMEEPIH 



Histoire da Second Empíre, par Pierre de La tiorce. Tomeš IV et V. Paris, 1899—1901. 



U *). 

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BH^mHflfl noaHTHRa HanoiieoBa III cyniecTBeHHO oriH^aiacB 
OTB BHyTpeHHefi, xoTfl HM^a ch HeH) o6n^e hcto^hhrh h mothbu. 
RaRi Bo BHyTpeHHHxi A'i^ax'B HHTepecu eapcAa h rocy^apcrsa 
noA^HHfljHCB 3a6oTaM'L o Moryn^ecTB'6 h aBTopeieT^ HocHiejefi npa- 

BHXeJIbCTBeHHOfi BJiaCTH, TaR^B H Bl^ MeXAyHapo;i[HOft AHnJOMaTÍH co- 

o6pa»eHÍfl o nony^apHOCTH h npecTHsi HMnepÍH ctoajh snepep 
Ha^ioHaJILHuxx BUTOjs^ H HoipeÓHOCTefi $paHi(ÍH. no;iHTH?ecKafl 
2SH8HB CTpaHH ÓíAAB, JMBii, 6ií napajTESOBasa; BHyipeHHie Bonpocii 

CBOAHJHCB Rl CJiyxaifB H CnjeXHAM^B OTHOCHTeSBHO BUCmHrB caHOB- 

HHROBi H MHHHCxpoBi, conepHH^aBmHxi Mes^y C060H) npH ABOpi 
npH noMOopí 3aRy;iHCH£ix'B hhtphpb. 

„DepcHHBH, pasApaaBeHHHfl cBoefi oxciaBROft, — roBopnrB Ibepi 
Ae-JIa-Popci, — bhaíjix RpyroMx tojibro MejiRHX'B ^eci!0JíK>6iJfiVh h 

BSflTO^HHROBX, nO^TH H3M%BHHR0B'L, H pÍ3R0 HauaA&TB Ha ^peS- 

Mipeyio aobÍp?hboctb HiinepaTopa, ROTopuii, no ero CJOBaMi, 
CJiHiuROMi JierRO noMaercfl pa3HUM'B ujHHíiEuwh BjáňEÍ&wh\ Ch oco- 



*) Cm. BHffle: ceHTji5pB, cíp. 286. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



H31 HCTOPIH BTOPOň HMnEPIH. 717 

6eBHUMx ycepAÍeMi HepcHHBH npecji^j^OBaj^ MunHcipa ^hbb,bcobt> 
^jEB^a, a noTOM^L Pyapa. TaRaa se spasma cyiE^ecTBOBajia nesAy 
PyapoiTB H rpa4>0Mi BaJieBCEHMi. Fenepa^i ^Jieper, CTpeMHBmificfl 
STB pojiH ýaBopHxa, np^aoBiBajiCfl noA^ Pyapa, ROTopiii& bi cboid 
OHepej(B crpeMHJiCJi e'l pojH oepBaro MHHHCTpa. ^pydHx ag-JIiohc^b 
H Ae-Ja-BaaeiTB othochjhcb HenpiasHeHHO Apyn> kx APyry, xota 
6ojiBmeH> HacTBH) CAepsHBa.iH cboh BsauMHua qyBcxBa. IIpocToň 
npe<]^eBrB no CBoeMy aBaHÍio, ho nojiBSOBaBinificfl oco6umi nojroa^e- 

BieifB H He BUHOCHBmifi HaA'B C060H> BOHTpOJfl, ycTpoHxejiB H HanajiB- 

HHSTB Ilapsaia, OccMaHx ccopHJCfl noo^epe^HO co bc^mh MHHHCTpaMH 
B^yTpeHHHxi a'^'b; obtb xaKae otkphto ocys^MT^ rocy^apcTBeH- 
Haro MHHHCTpa sa ee^ocTaTO^HO pj^mHTejBHyio san^HTy ero.pacno- 
pflxeHÍfi Wh saROHOAftTejiBHOiťB Bopnyc^. DyiaHni^a yBejHHHBajiacB 
ieyAOBOJíBeTBiewB xtx^, Koropsie, AOcrarnyB-B BHAHaro Micia, ottšc- 
HfljiHCB noTOM'B Ha sa^HÍfi njiaH:B. HaH6oj['6e o6HsteEBuui> CHHxajrB 
ceéfl $HBniiS nojHaeficEÍfi npe<{)eRT'B A^Moná: naRi yqaciHHRB 
FoeyAapcTBeHHaro uepeBopoTa, ohi ne coMH^Bajca wb tom^b, qro 
6ajrh oAHHiťB h3x ocHOBaiejiefi RMnepaiopcRaro pesHMa. Y^a^ieHiiufi 
vb cenarE, ohi^ nycRaJiCfl b'b pa3cysji;6HÍfl o ROHCTHTy^ioHHOMl 

IipaB^ H OTI]CRHBaJl'B Vb ReWb MOTHBBI A<Sfl 60pb6fil npOTHB'B ďHI^B, 

ycnŠBfflHii AOÓpaiBCfl ao BBicniHX'B ciyneHeS rocy^apciBeHearo 
ynpaBJEeHÍH. 3to 6e3non^aAHoe conepHH^ecTBO npoABJífljiocB bb paa- 

HOOfipaSHIlX^B SaRyJHCflUXB <]^OpMaX'B B^B TiOJIBepifiCROMB fi^BO^niby BB 

cenaT^, b'b saRono^aTaiBnoMB Ropayc^ h bi MHHHCxepcTBaxB. Cjra- 
6afi, zaaiAftBoiiň cnoROfiCTBÍfl, qacTO 60JBH0K, MonapxB Bcero ytenie 
cnocoOeH^B 6ujn> cnpaBHTBCA Cb BsaHMHUMH c^exaMH h HHTpnraMH 
OBpysaioiAHxi. Ohb, BnpoqeifB, oxotho BucjymHBajB naroBopu h 
HanaARH oahhxb npoxHB^B ApyrHXB, ixo6u Hif^xB bo3moshocxb nojsr 
;^epawBaxB paBHOB§cie bb 9xoň 6opB6i caMOJiiofiiň". 

OxrojocRH dxofi neopepEiBHOii ROHRyppeni^H HSB-sa bjiíabíb h 
nonexa aoxoahih jsfl uyÓJiUKH b'b Bfíjiíb HeacHuxB hsbícxíS xomb, 
Hxo xaRofi-xo MHHHCxpx jiíímHJicfl AOB^bpifl H AOJseHB 6yAexB bí- 
poHXHO BHfixH BB oxcxaBRy, íxo ApyroMy y^ajiocB yxBep^HXBCfl, hjih 
HTO ooflBHJCfl BOBuK cobšxhhrb, CByM^BHiifi oxRpuxB ce&b AOCXyOB 
B^B yMy H cepAi^y noBejHxejfl bb yn^ep^B npeacHHMB npnÓJHseH- 

HBniB. 06URH0BeHH0, BC^ CaHOBHHRH, yCXpaHHeMUe OXB aRXHBHOfi 

cayaefíHofr AiflxejiBHOCXH, naxoAHJiH yÓiatHme bb ceHarfe; xojbro 
vb 1868 ro^y mhhhcxpb BHyxpeeHHXB a^-ib IlHHapB, npn cbobmb 
yBOJBHeHÍH, oxRasajTCfl oxb opeA^oa^esHaro eMy qe^po onjanHBae- 
Maro SHania cenaxopa h npeAno^ejiB CRpoMHO sanHcaxBCfl bb a^BO- 
saxBi bx> DapHJR^, h dxoxB <|)aRXB, no mhíhíio A^-JIa-Popca, cbh- 
A^xejiBCXBOBajiB y«e o6t> yna^R* Bipu bb 6yAyn;HocxB HMnepÍH 

ToMi y.— OKTaBPB, 1902. 46 is 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



718 roCTHHKX EBPOim. 

fifijEie cpe^H ea npe^anHiixi cjiyn. Dpe TaRHXi jcjtobíatb BByrpee- 
Hiifl nojHTHBa npeACTasjíflja onenb Majo saMae^iiBaro juih Hano- 
.leoea, h cEy^ocTb efl coAepsaeifl ohi AyMaji ROsicbcTHTk nnipo- 
SHMB MesAyHapoAHUHH npeAnpíflTÍflMH, BOTt)pufl se TOJibRO j^aBajm 
6ojibme npocTopa ero (|)aBTa3ÍH, bo h yjOBJíeTBopajiH BauoHBOCTb 
(j^paBi^ysoBi Bi ?HCT0-Bfl'6mHHM'b ycn^xaafb h d^ij^eExaifb. 6x /[t- 
jiaxi BH^mflBX^, npeA'b jiHiioifb Espony, obi Morb cbo6oaho oi-i- 
AOBaTb BHymeBÍHMx CBoefi MeiiaTejbeofi Barypu h BBCTynaTb sa- 

n^HTUHKOMX BUCinBX'b EMSUn* CnpaBe^JrBBOCTH H ryíCaBBOCTH, SOTOpBfl 

sarjymajiBCb bjih saÓuBajTHCb bmx no OTHomeBÍfo bi» coCcTBesHOMy 
sapoAy; bi to se spěna obx Bcerjia pascqnTUBaji^ npH &iaro- 

npiflTBHXl OfiCTOflieJIbCTBaXT., yRpinBTb H B03BHCHTb AHHaCTÍlO HO- 
BblMB BOeflBLlMB iíaBpaMH, SaBOeBaBÍflMH R npio6p'6TeBÍflMH. 

GaMbiifb 4>aBTacTHHecBBirb npejmpÍHTÍeBfb Hanojreona ni 6Hja, 
Óesi C0MB'6BÍfl, MeKCHBaflCBafl dscne^Hi^ifl. En^e bi 1846 roxy, 
HaxoAflCb Bi 3aBJiH)?eBÍH B^ Rp']bnocTH FaiTb, OH^b npHAyMaji opoesn 
cos^anifl HOBaro EyjbTypsaro rocy^apcTBa vb I],eHTpaJbHO& Aiie- 
pEJs/k, Bi CBflSH cb coopysenieMi coeAHHHTejrbHaro Ranajia Mexxy 
BejiHRHMi H AT;iaHTHqecRHM'b OReanaMH; bi H8;iaHH0& no aroicy 
npeAMeTy 6pomiop']^ on-b yRasuBajii xase ificTO x^fl npopiiTÚi 
nepemefiRa — bi pecny 6jiHR<]k HHRaparya, h no^pofino H3o6paxuui> 
6yAyn;ee npoi^B^Tanie nycTUHHEix'b eueI^ o6j[acTefi, ROTopuirb npe^- 
CTOHTb „npoBHAeHn;ia;ibBafl pojb^ — cjyaHTb ojíhhmi ns-b rjiaBHiirb 
nyTefi BceMÍpeofi ToproBJTH, na rpaHHa'6 Mes^y C^BepnoK) ÁMe- 
pHROH), npHHaAJesan^eio anrjio-caRcoHCROft hjh repuaHCBOĚ pacš, 
H K)sBOK> AMepHEOH), HacejeHHOK) HapoAaMH jiaTHHCRoft pacbi; 
TaMi* B08HHRHeTb „BOBbiň KoBCTaHTHHOnojib ^ , no^oÓHO ApeBHeí 
BHsaHTÍH, Bupocmeg na rpaaHi^i neasAy EsponoH) h Asieio. „T% 
ROTopue BOABopflTCH Bi dTOWh nyHRií scMHoro mapa, Moryn 
noJiosHTb ocHOBanie aMepHRancROMy paBHOB^cÍH), osHBJíflfl cb o;(Hoft 
CTopoHH ocjraĎiBmyK) jiaTHHCRyio pacy h cjiepanBafl, cx Apyroi 
CTopoHbi, nanopi anrjio-caRCOHCRoffi pacQ^. dxa opnrHHajbHafl Hxea, 
HBHBmaflCfl y Hanojieona B']bpo)iTHO bo BpeMB ero npe6EiBaHÍfl vh 
AnepeR*! B'b TpHAi^aTbrx'b ro^axi, BOspoAHJiacb bi hoboS 4^piA, 
Ror;ia npaBHTejibCTBO BxopoŘ HMoepÍH BnepBBie BCTp^THjrocb Cb bo- 
npocoM'b o BM'imaTejibCTB'6 B'b MeRCHRancRÍfl j^jra, bi eohi](í nara- 
jecflTuxx ro;íOB'b. 

B% MeacHRÍ npoHcxo^HJiH »ecTORÍa MeaR^oycoCia, orb eoto- 
pbixi cHJibHO crpa^ajH ToproBue HHTepecu HHOCTpaHHux^b h vl 
TOMX HECJrb <]^paBi^y8CRHX'b no;(AaHH£ixi>; m^cthua BJiacTH qacro 
nosBOJiHJiH ce&b pasHua sacnjiifl HaA'b eBponeňi^aMH, h sacTynnH- 
qecTBO AHBJíOMaTOBi ne npHBOARJio B'b sthxi cjyqaaxx hh si Ra- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HSX HCTOPIM BTOPOtt HMnEPIH. 719 

KOMy pesyjiBTaTy. Mnorie BH^íaionuecfl A^flTejiH h tíoraiue lyseii- 
HEie BOMMepcaHTu AOJiSHu 6HJIH 6i3RSLih sa rpaHHi^y; HisoTopue 

H8X BETh nOCeJBJIHCb 61> IlapHS^, rA% HamJIH CO^yBCTBeHHHÍl 
OpieiTB BX MHHHCTepCTB* HHOCTpaHHUrfc JÍ^JTR H BX TlOJBepiflCKOMl 

;(Bopa'£. B-h KOHi^t 1860 TOjifi, BeHHTO Xyapei^x, OAépaaBi oboh- 
saTejbHyK) no6^Ay BaA'B cbohmi conepHHBOMX, renepajiOMi Mepa* 

MOHOITB, CA^aiCB e^^HHCTBeHHIlMX 3aB0HHUM'B npaBHTeJieirB MeRCH- 

jiaHCBOfi pecny6jHKH h cbohmh oepBUHH pacuopflaceHÍBHH B036yAKJ'B 
spafiHee HeyAOBo;rBCTBÍe HHOCTpaHHoH AHiLioMaTÍH; nesety npoqHiTB, 
jíAíi nonpaBjeaÍH rocy^apcTBeHEiix^b ^HHaHCOBi, ohi HajosHJii apecn 
Ha cyHMu, nOAjesaBmífl Buj^aq*! eBpone8cRHM'B Epe^HTopaMi. Bi 
OKTfl6pi 1861 row noOTHcaHa ÓHJia fb JIohaoh* KOHBeHiíia, sa- 
KJiioqeHHafl Mem^y Ba6HHeTaMH Ahpjiíh, ^pani^iH h HcnaHÍH, ch i^ijbio 

OXpaHH BTh HHTepeCOB'B Bl> MeRCRR']^ npn DOMOn^H BOeHHOft 3RCaeAB* 

ipn; HO BH;^Moe cor^racíe AepsaBi napymajiocB yse bx nepeosa- 
«rajbBux'B HHCTpyRi^iBxi, AaHHuxx HaqajBHHRaifB vrh BOopyHeHHEix'L 
-cnsT,: Tor^a RaRx aerjiHqaHe mwkm bt> BH^y orpanHqHTBCfl saBSTÍeirs 
H^ROTopuxi npHCpeatHuxx nopTOBx, bx cmucjií bos^í ftcTBia Ha MeRCH- 
KaHCKoe npaBHTejBCTBO, f{)paHi^y3ii coÓHpajmcB h^th BsyrpB CTpaHu, 
ttoCbi b'b cjiyqai na^oóHOCTH zdLBJíSijiíbTh cTOJHi^efi h cnoco6cTBOBaTB 
„nepeM^Hi nojHXHqecRHXi yqpeatAenifl**. MíctheiB npeíCTaBHTeiB 
^aHi^ÍH, JÍK)6ya ^e-CajiHHBH, ycep^HO no^roTOBJííurb noqey am 
ocyniecTBJíeHÍfl njranoBi, ROTopue noRa en;e ne BEipa»ajiHCB bhojih^ 
onpeA^eHHO. MeRCHRancRie SMHrpaHiH yrBepat^aJiH, qxo bi cxpaH^ 
cymecTBjerB Rriflie^BHafl RoncepBaTHBHaa naprifl, Roxopafl hoahh- 
Mercfl Bi nojiBsy MonapxÍH npn nepBOHi noflBJneHÍH eBponeScRHXS 
BoficRx; $paHn;y3CRoe npaBHTeJBCTBO npHHHJio 8th yB^peniff sa 6e3- 
cnopHue ýaRTEi h CTponjio na hhxx bc^ cboh A^BH^fimie pas- 
<5HeTH. Bi HaAe»A* na ofí^ee peBOJioi^ioHHoe ^BHatenie tyseMHiix-L 
MOHapxHCTOFB $paBi^ifl oocjaja bx MeRCHRy jhiiib HesHaqHTeJBHEift 
BoeHHHft OTpflAx, ROTopiifi HOTOMi npHXOAoocB nocTeoeHHO yeejH- 
qHBaTB npHCHJROK) noARptojeHÍft; a no Mipi Toro RaRi bubchh- 
jiHCB ())paHi^y3CRÍfl HaM^penifl, craHOBiijicfl Bce 60^1*66 3aM%THmrB 
pa3jaA'B MeaKAy coioshbimh ^ep^KaBaMH. Bx anpiji 1862 ro^a 
<;oio3x 6uji% ^aRTnqecRH pacToprnyrB, h ^paHi^ysH caMOCToaTeJBHO 
npHCTynMH rx BoeHHBíM-B A^ficTBiflM^ WH HH3Bep»eHÍfl npe3HAeHTa 
Xyapei^a, npn npeíno.iaraeMOMX yqacTin MorymecTBeHHoň Monap- 
XHqecRofi napTÍH. Ho OTHCKaTB aiy napTiřo ne y^aJOCB, h ao ROHna 
ona ocTaBajacB RaRBM^-TO MHeoMx, oti> Roxoparo ynopno ne xo- 
t6jh OTRasaiBCH 4>paHiíy3Br. 

Uocjt RpynHHx-B ney^aq^ h nopa»eHÍft, SRcneAHiíioHHtiil OTpflA'B 
6ujii> flOBe^eHi ao cociaBa i^t^aro Ropnyca h bx ík)hí 1863 row 

46* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



720 raCTHHBTE £BP0IIII. 

BCiynHJii^ HaEonei^x, bx MeRCHKy; BCJiijk^h setími oCiflBjeHo 6hio 

OTl HMeHH M']&CTHUX'B HOTafijefi O BOSCTaHOBjeHÍE MOHapXÍR H O 

npeAaoseHÍH KopoHu 6paTy aBcrpificsaro HMnepaTopa, dpurepi^ory 
MaRCHMHJiafly, ci rotopbim:l paHbme yse BaiHCb neperoBopu npH 
nocpeAGTB']^ (j^paei^yscBoii AHnjOMaTÍH. rjaBnoKOMaH^y^n^HM-B easea- 
leni 6ujn> reHepaji BasdH'^, h MuasB 06% ocHOBaHÍH HOBOfi HunepÍH 
noAi ýpaai^yscBHMi* npoTesTopaTOMi nepenua bi c<|)epy npaKTHqe- 
CKoň noiHTHBH. Bi 0ETfl6p^ 1863 roj^a apuirepi^orB MaKCHMH^iaH-B bi 
CBoeMi 3aMKÍ MHpaHap'B npviEHJUh MeKCHRaBCSHxi AejeraxoBi h 
oÓtn^ajTB HMi „HanpaBjflTB MescHEy no nyxH nopaj^sa, cbo^oauh 
nporpecca''; ohi> ne ycoMHHjca bi tomi, hto MescHEaBCsifi Hapo;^, 

B'B JHI^'6 CaM03BaHHUX'B H0Ta6jieŘ, AMCTBHieJIBHO BBipHJTB GMy CBOK> 

cyAb6y, H boojihí cepbesHO bsaji na ce6a pojis HMnepaxopa, qo- 
jaraflCB ea noM^pa^Ey h aoEpoBHTejBCTBO HanojieoHa UI. HeicHoríe 
npeACTasETesH onnosHE^ÍH bt> saEOHOAaTejBHOMi Eopnyel TmerHO 
yEasBiBa^H Ha onaceocTH npeAnpHHHTaro }iibji9,: (|)paHi^y3CEÍe mhhhctpu 
6ujíB aenoEOdieÓHMBi wb CBoeifB oniHMHSMi, h noEopeoe hmi 6ojb- 
mHHCTBO Cb Hexepn^HieifB BBiciyniHBajio apopoHecEÍA yB-j^n^aBÍfl Tbepa. 
$paH^i)i o6fl3UBaJiacB AepsaiB b'b MeECHE'6 ne Men^e ABa^i^aiH th- 
Cflq'B Boficsa AO 1867 ro^a^ qT06u aatb MasHMHJiiaHy BpeiiH a^a opra- 
HH3a^iH co6cTBeHHofi HaAÍOHaj[bHofi apMÍH; BsaM^Hx Haaaraicfl na 
HOByK) HMuepÍK) EOJioccajiBHuŘ AOirb A^a noEpuTifl 4>P&B^y^KH^ 
pacxoAOB'B H yfiuTEOBi. B'B MdA 1864 ro^a 3Jono;iyqHufi spurep- 
UorB npHÓuJi Ex CeperaHi MescHBH, h HaqajocB xparH^ecsoe 
HeAopa3yM^aie, Eoxopoe apH ynopcTBŠ MOJiOAoro npHBUia aojsho 

ÓUJIO HeHSfiiSBO npHBeCTH El EaTaCTpO(|K6. MaECHMHJliaBl TBepAO 

Aepsajcfl CBoero 4>HETHBflaro xpona, cpe^H BeMBornxi iipH5jHxeH- 
Buxx, Be CMyn^ascB bh asbok) BpasAOH) cbobxx ^aoAA&HBiixi'^ 
BH ABycMHCJieHBHMx DOBeAeBÍeHx CBoero oý^Hi^iadBBaro samHTHHBa, 
Mapmaja BasaBa. EjuiioBifl HMoepÍH coxpaBfljacs tojbeo raiTB, r^i 

CTOBJIH 4>P&HIiy3CEÍH BOfiCEa B Be60J[BmÍe M^CTBUe OTpflAU ,HMae- 

paiopa"; BBaHHT&sBBMmafl HacTB crpaBu npasHaB&sa no npesHeiiy 
BjacTb npesHAOBia Xyapei^a. MesAoyco6Bafl BOfiea nojiy^Bja Becbxa 
n^esoTJHBufi xapaRTepx, Eor^a CoeAHBenBue IIlTaTu, H36aBHBmHCS 
orb Tflsejiaro BsyrpeaBaro EpaBHca, BucEaBajiHCb p^mHiejbEO npo- 
THBi MaECHMHjiaBa H BOMepsHBaBmeit ero ^paflipB. 

Ilbept Ae-JIa-Fopcb oCcToaTeabBO H3Jiaraerb bcš boapoóbocth 
neqajibflbixx MeECHEaBCBHXx coÓuTifi, ho se saxoAHrb oihhóeh vi 
caMOMx npoeET^ HanoJieona UI. „He^OBOJBEufi, pascTpoeBHuftee- 
y^anaMH, — roBopHTb obx, — HMoepaTopi oÓBHBajťb HHorAa Mapmaia 
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9BepriH EOToparo cocxaBHjx ce6* npeyBejHqeBBoe MBÍBie. 06> 



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Digitized by VjOOQ 



E^-b HOTOPIH BTOPOfl HMnEPIH. 721 

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aTHxi paso^iapoBaHift 6hjio CTpaHBoe ^yBCTBO yxcM-ieHifl, Kpafieee 
BeseaaHÍe roBopBTb o qeM% 6u to hh 6iijio, OTBOCflii^eHCfl vh Mes- 
cbkí. BejiHfiafl B^ea iiapcTBOBaeifl, Kasi B£[pa:iRa;iBCB npes^e, npe- 
BpaTBJíacb B-B TflrocTBoe HeyAoCcTBo. Bi aroMt HanojieoH-B 6ujrb 
HecnpaBeA^iHBi s^l cbohmi coCcTBeHHHiťB ujSLB&a^: MEicib HB^ero 
Be norepfliia vh cBoearB BejH^in; tojibbo ajis y^a^iearo BunojHeHÍfl 
€E Tpe6oBajiHci» flpyrifl oÓcroflTejibCTBa, ;ipyrifl cpe^CTBa, apyroro 
po^a BHj^epsKa h nocToascTBO, h oco(5eHHO ;ipyrífl opyAÍfl^ na^iAHaa 
Cb caMoro mínepaiopa 4>pAH^y^B%^. B^b o6nsficrBÍb ycHSHBajiHCB 
HapeRanifl na npaBHTejbCTBO no noBOAy CesajroAHO npHHeceHHUX'^ 
sepTBik H saTpaneHBuxx mhjjíohobi. B% BHBapš 1866 ro^a, opE 
OTRpuTÍH oajrarL, HanojreoHi bo8B'Icthji'b cBoe pimeHÍe o^iHCTBTb 
MescHBy rx nasBa^eaBOMy cpoRy. MaRCBMHJiiaHy npeAOcraBjífljiocB 

Ha BOIK) — HilH OCTaBaTBCff Bl CTpaH^, VULH y^aJIHTECfl UOKb npfl- 

spuTÍeiťB ^paHqy8CRHX'B BOfiCRi, nocji Toro RaRi oprasABOBaHO 
Ójjievh EOBoe npaBHTejBCTBO, cx HB^pasíeMi npesH^eHTa pecny6jBRH. 
MaRCHMHJiiaHi npeAnoHeji'B ociaTECfl, ne Tepaa BajesAu yA^pauiTb 
aa C060K) cBOfi d^eiiepfluft xpoHi; ero cynpyra, HMnepaTpHi^a IHap- 
jorra, yixajra b-b Eapony, ^to6u jihhbo ao^htscb corjracifl Hano- 
jeoBa Ba AaJiBB^ilinyio BoeHByK) noMon^B. dra nocj^AHflfl nonuTRa 
coBnajia cb co6uTÍflMR, BUHysA&BmflHH $paH^iK> 6pocHTB BCflRyio 
3a6oTy MeRCHR*!: ABCTpia 6um no6'fi»AeHa Upyccieio, h ýpan- 
i^yscRoe npaBBTejBCTBO aojsho 611J10 cocpeAOTOHBBaxB cboh chju a^b 
npeACTOflBinefl ÓopbCBi sa rercMOBiio wh Eapon^i^. Bx aBrycrt 
1866 roAa EMneparpai^a UlapJiOTTa BM^a ayAÍeai^H) y HanojieoBa, 
xionorajia nepeA^ MEBEcrpaMH, bo BanpacBO,— a*J0 6ujfú 6e3- 
BosBpaTBO npoHrpaHO. 6'b ceflTfl($p%, sasoAflCB b'b Phm% a^a nepe- 
roBopoBi CB nanoK), sec^acTBafl BHnepaTpHi^a bi canoM^B SAaflÍE 
BaTERasa noABeprjiacB npHnaARy yHCTBesBaro pascxpoficTBa, roto- 
poe BCRopi CA^ajocB xpoBBHecREMi. MaRCflMEJiiaB'B se noROJie- 
<5aJCfl, OAEaRO, b'b cBoefi idée fixe: owb no opesseMy Qaji y6te- 
ABWhj HTO AOJirB ^ecTB Ee oosBOJiflerB eny OTpeiBca otb mbemoS 
BJiacTE HftA^ CTpaBOH), ROTopafl Ee aiejiajia em^tb ero CBOsafB no- 
BejETejreifB. Ci HenoBflTHEiifB ocj^njieEieirB Ofl'B pasomejicfl cb 
EasdEOMi E ^(Aajii yAajreflÍB ýpani^yscRHXi boBcri, ttoÓm aa co(5- 
CTBeEEEifi CTpaxx npoAO.imaTB BoeBBUfl A*ftcTBÍa npoTBBi Bospo- 
CTasmefi aapoAnofi apMÍE, npeABOAEMOfi npesEAeBTOMx Xyapei^OMi. 
Bi Mai 1867 roAa, oca»AeBBBift ci BeťkwiBmBMx OTpHAOirB bi 
RepeTapo, obx Óeijii bsbtb wl ujAbt* bm^ctí (tb b'Irotophmh npB- 
d^iEseBEHME. HasBa^eB^B 6iiJi'B BoeEEQft cyA^B saA^B „$epABBaE- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



722 nOTiIHB'& BBPOmi. 

Aom^MaRCHMHJiiaBOMx ra6c6yprcKiurE, HiieHyioii^HiťB ce6fl HMnepa- 

TOpOMl MeRCHEH^. 3aK0H£I, HE OCHOBaHÍH SOTOpUX^B OHI 6vLA% 

npeffiLWh cyAy> npeAB^n^asH CMepinyio xasab. IlpeACTaBHTeJiH BeiH- 
RHx^B A^psaBi, H Bo rjiaBÍ Hxi npyccRÍfi DOCiaaHHRi, 6apoHi 
MareycE, o6paTHJiHCb bi Xyapei^y c% HacTOfiqHBOH) npocb6oK) oř- 
uycTHTb dpiu^epi^ora hjih no Rpaňsefi uipi noABeprnyTb ero Apy- 
roify cyAy^ se BoeHHOMy; npesHAearb otbíthji BaTerope^ecsHirb 
OTRasoifB, ccuMflCb Ha HHiepecu opaBocy^ifl h rocy^apcTBesHofl 
ÓesonacHOCTH. ^GnpaBe;(Ji0Bo Jim ^y^eii, — roBopnjiH AHOJionaTairb 
MHHHCTpH Xyapei^a, — npecJť^AOBaib BOscraBniHxi iieBCHsaHiieBi n 
ocTaBHTb* ÓesHaRasaBHUMi rjiaBaaro BHHOBHBsa, 6uBniaro BOJKAeM'^ 
BOscTaflifl^? MaBCHMHjiaHi H ero coo6ii^hhbh, reHepasu Mapa- 
MOHi H Mexífl, 6uJiH OAHHorjiacHO nperoBopenu cyAOMi ki> cMepTH. 
^HOiiOMaTii yHOJflJiH npesHjieHTa o noMEJLOBaHÍB, ho aojy^HJH tots 
ase OTpHi^aTejibiiufi otb^tb; san^HTHHKH ocysA^HHux^b jh^ho ornpa- 
BHJuacb Bi pesHAeHtuK) Xyapei^k h Hoqbio AOÓEJLECb y nero ajAieH- 
ipH; — Xyapei^i chokoSho oĎ^bchhji-b hmi, 4to id^pci cxporocTH ae- 
oóxoAHHu AJfl cnacenífl pecny6^HRU h ajia ycxpameHÍa ea aparoei^ 
H HTO noc^i aaBasaBÍa rjraBHuxi bhhobbhxi jrer^e Óy^exi aposB- 
jHTb MHJiocepAÍe no OTaomeaiio B'b ocxajibHiiMi.. Rasab cocroHjacb 
19 íiobb 1867 ro^a; t^o MaRCHMHJiiaaa 6ilio auAaao aecrpifi- 
CRHifb AejeraTaiťB TOJbRo bi Roai^']^ Toro SRe roAa, nocjrb ^piiaA- 
aaro o tomt> xoAaxaficxBa B'bacRaro Ra6uaexa. 

H3B']kcxie o RpoBaBOMi robií']^ ifeRCHRaacRofi HMnepia npBoiJO 
B'b napami BO BpeMfl yBeceseaitt a npasAaecxBi BceaiipaoŠ bu- 
cxaBRH. &b saRoaoAaxejbaoMi Ropnyci, 9 íiojih, Tbepi BaaoMHHii, 
HTO Bi McRCBRt nora5vio ÚOJiie meexa xiica^i ^paar^scBHX^ 
coJiAaxi a noxepaao ao mecxacoii mh.uíohobi ^paaROBx: „CA'ib- 
jaaabii onuxb npaaoAarb xojibRO ri oAaoMy saRJiOHeaiio, — qxo 
AOwiseHi ÓHXb ycxaaOBJíeai óoji^e A'6flxejibauii Rouxpojb, npa ro- 
xopoMi aeMbicJiBMO 6uA0 6u noaxopeaie noAOÓauxi npoasBOJibHbixi^ 
a pasopaxejibBuxi npeAnpiflxiň''. Bi cyn^aocxa MeRcaRaacRaa 
BRcneABiúfl 6uja xana^ecRaMi oCpasuoiii aatmaeS nojaxana 6o- 
aanapTOBCROfi ^paai^a: Qesoxqexaoe cxpeMjenie kj> rpauAÍosHUM^ 
saiiucjiaMi, eacxeMaxaqecRoe BeB'kKecxBO oxuocaxaibao nysaxi 
cxpaai a aapoAoai, r^b Roxopjuai axa saiibicjibi oxnocaxca, a 
jerROMbicjeaHafl yBÍpeaaocxb bi aeoxpasaMOMi npeaocxoACXBt 
ýpaai^yBCRaxi Boeaauxi cajii a cnocotoai A^ficxBÍa — coeAaaaioxcB 
8A'i^cb ci xeMBbiaa ^aaaacoBUMa pasc^exaMa a cb hojhoh) (Jessa- 
óoxHOCxbK) aac^exi peajibBEixi nojiaxaqecRaxi aaxepecoBi co6- 
cxBeaaofi aaiua. OcaoBaaie hoboA aiinepia bi II,eBxpajibHofi Aiie* 
paRib, B^b HeuocpeACXBeBHOMx coc^acxb']^ cb CoeAaaeaabíMa mra- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HS^ HCTOPIH BTOPOfi HMDEPIH. 723 

TavH, 6iuo wcrifiineK) (^aETasieio; ho ^^aoTasieK) 6hjo h MHoroe 
Ha'B Toro, ^t6 y^aBajocL Hanojieony IIÍ h ht5 ao chxi nop'B npe- 
BOBHOCHTCA ero HCTopHsaiiH. KpuMCBafl BofiHa 6ujia cTOjb se Mano 
Hysfla $paHi^ÍH, saB^B h saBoeBaHÍe MeKCHSH. Cuicb MeqTaTe4b- 
HOCTH cx asasAOK) nepseHCTBa zapasTepasyerB Booón^e AHa^oiiaTÍK) 
BTopofi HMDepÍH; y uea ee 6uJio hh tohho onpeA'&JeHHHX'B, cosHa- 
leiBHincB itšiefi^ hh xpesBaro noHfliiaHÍfl oóo^aro MesAyQApoAHaro 
iiOJio;BeHÍfl. Bi 1863 roAy, npH caMux^B 3anyTaHHux'B otícTOflxejiB- 
CTBaxx eBponeflcBOft hojhthah, HanojieoHi* BBiCTyoHJL^B cb npoes* 
TOifB cosiiBa MesxyHapoAHaro Bonrpecca a^a paspimeeifl bcíx'b 
caopHuxi BoopocoBi, BaiTB 6u ynycBafl hbi BH^y, ^to bi ochob-j^ 
xasxaro nn hhxi lesHTB HenpHMHpHMuň aHxaroHHSM^ HHiepe- 
C0B%, — H on-B AOjateHi Óujpb no sxoMy npeAMeiy BucJiymaxB ox^ 
Ahfjiíh i^^Jiyia AHOJOMaiH^ecByK) jeRqiK), npoxHBi BoxopoK HH^ero 
HeiLBfl 6ii40 BOspasHXB. EesnoweHHUH óoHaaapxoBcsifl iie^xanifl 
jerjco BBiposAajHCB b^b nopuBU nejo^Horo AHHacxnqecBaro CBOOBopu- 
CTÍfl, H dia noczijí,aEíi qepxa ^oxo^H^a ^OBasoň-xo 6oji']^3HeHflocxH 
Bx QepioA'B HeosHAaHHaro BosBumeHÍfl IIpyccÍH. EHCMapni nepBiifi 
pasra^a^ii HanojeoHa III h cwbMO BOCoojibBOBajíCfl cbohm'b oxBpu- 
TÍeMi AJiB npyccBO-repifaHCRHxi nojHXHqecRHx^B i^eK; ohi y6i- 
A&icfl, <ixo HMnepaxop'B ^paei^ysoBi ae yiieui, hjh ^xo ^jm% y 
Herc cjiaóie cep^aa", no MflrsoMy Bypaseiiíio repnaacsaro Bani^- 
jepa B-B ero BOcnoMHHaHÍAxi. HoAOcxaxosi flcsaro yMa, saM^HeH- 
HHfi Kor^a-xo TbepoMi, ee noH^niaji — h 6faiTb Hosex-B, nanpo- 
THBi, noMorL JlyH-HanoieoHy AOcxHrnyxB BjacxH bo $paH^iH, a 
CA^&faBDíHCB HMnepaxopoM'B, eiiy ne xpy^HO 6buo yme npio6picxB 
vb Esponi penyxauúo DOJHXHqecBaro iiy^peiia h opaByjia. KasKAoe 
CJiOBO ero emb ^ase MOJi^aHÍe mofjo hm^xb BasHBifl npaBXH^ecBÍfi 
aocs^ACXBÍfl, E noxoMy npHHHMa^io bhax Heo6uRHOBeHHaro rjiy6oBO- 
MuesÍH. HjMiodifl npoAOJiHsajíacB ao x^xi nopi, nosa pasjHHHUfl 
HeyAa^H ne pa30(5;ia^HJrH A'i^ficxBHxej[bHOň CByAOCxH HAefi h cxpeMje- 
Hifi 4^paHi:^y3CBaro noBejiHxeJifl, h hhbxo bx xasoK M'£pi ue cno- 
cotícxBOBajTB dxoMy pa8o6jaieHÍH), BaBi BHcnapBx. 

Bi H&ioaeHÍH Dbepa Ae-^^a-Fopca EHcnapsi flBjaexca Jiysa- 
Buyvb HCBycHxeJieHi HanOdieoHa in, cosnaxejibHO HanpaBJíflBniHMs 
ero HUCJH wb cxopony pHCBOBaHHuxx xeppHxopiajbHuxi npoes- 
TOBi, qxoÓH caa^ajia ycunaxb ero conepHHqecxBO, a noxoMx na- 
necxH OMy 3apaH'le saAyMaHHufi yAapx. Bx* bohu^ 1863 roAa, 
nocxb BOH<]^epeeqiK bx KoneHrareH*!, npyccBiň MHHHCxp'B-npe3H- 
fifiBTb Beji'B ceBpexHbifl Óec^A^ ci npHÓuBoiHMX bi BepjiHHx* ao- 
B^peHHiiifB jiHi^oMB (|)paHi^y3CBaro HMoepaxopa, roHepaioMi $jepH. 
EHGMapBS roBopaax o Boarpecc^, o no^bcsoMi B03CxaHÍa, o ae- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



724 BftCTHIIKl EBPOafi. 

B03M0mH0CTH ji^jík IIpyccÍH AonycBaTB oócysA^HÍe Boiipoca o IIo- 
suaHH, H 3aT%M'B npHÓaBHJi'^: „a CRopte ycxynHJTB 6u namH pefie* 
csifl npoBHHiuH, q^ifB nosHaHb". ^jepH TOTHacB se xejerpa^H- 
poBaji^ Bi IIapBS'B: ;,cjobo o pefiHCBHx^L ^poBHH^iflX'B 6hiJío csa- 
saHO, — Ha^o JTH HacTaHBax/^"? HanojeoH^B OTBÍ^aji: „ee roBopare 
o PefiH* H ycnOKOĚTe HacnerB IIosHaHH", — h vh TOft ae A^nenrib 
BHCBasajiCfl oxqacTH b% nojBsy Ilpyccie b% efl boh^hst^ Cb Jl,a- 
HÍeio. HaHeBi na pefincsÍH dpobhhi^íh no6yAHJi'B ero BOCHyrscfl h 
Bonpoca o npyccBofi rereiiOHiH bi PepifamH; oh'b HHqero ee hmíjtb 
npoTHBi npeo6pa30BaHÍfl repMaHCicaro coiDsa bx axon^B cmucií, 
ecjiR Ilpyccífl úyflfivh A^ficTBOBanb no corjiameHÍK) ch ^paHipeio. 

HeAOBOJIbHHfi JIOHAOHCRHHl BaÓHHeTOlTB, OTBJTOHHBmHMl 610 HJaHl 

ROTirpecca h sacTynaBniHMCfl 8HeprH^ecBH sa JI|aHÍio, obi Aai'B 
ce6)i yBJíe^b nepcueKTHBOK) Óy^yn^aro Bsiro^Haro coiosa ci EepiH- 
HOMi. BHCMapBt DOAA^psiiBaJi'B ero bi sthxi npeAnoJOseeijix^B h 
Ha^eaR^axi, b^ to BpeMfl KaBi npyccRífl h aBCTpificBÍfl BOfiCKa 
pacnopflxajiHCL bi lHjieaBHrb-rojiinTHHiH h nepexo^HJiH wh npe- 
flíjiu AaxcKoft TeppHTopÍH. Hsep-B Ae-JIa-ropcB npe^nojiaraeTB, 
HTO ^paniiifl o6fl3aHa 6ujia Tor^a no^HATb CBofi rojóc^ opoTHBi 
Boniioii^aro HacRiia no OTHomeHho b^ Ma.ieHbBofi J(aRÍH h Moria 
6h cBoeBpeMCHHHMi npoxecTOAii HSMÍHHXb xoA-L cofiHxifi, orpa- 
AHB'B rocnoACXBO npaBa b'b ÓyAjmfiyrh. ^pannyscsie naxpioxH BOoCn^e 
yB^peHEi^ ^To npaBo boIíhii HesaROHHO, Bor;(a oho npHM^HfleTOi 
ApyrHMH A^P^aBaMH, BpoM'6 ^paHi^ÍR, h hxo yD0xpe6jieHÍe rpyóoi 
CHjru Bx Me^AynapoAHux^ cnopaxi BnepBue BBe^eHO b% npaBXRBy 
Ilpyccieio H efl secxoBHiii KaHi^JiepoMi. H xoxi »e aBxopi, bo- 
TopoMy Basexcfl bqojh']^ ecxecxBeHHBíHi ^pani^yscBoe Hana^enie 
Ha MescHBy, B03Myii^aexcfl BoeHHUMH a^Hctbíamh npyccaBOB«B h 
HaBfl3£iBaexx HanojieoHy in pojib sasoro-xo oxpaHHxejifl npasa h 
cnpaBeAJiHBOCTH b^ EBponb, — HanojreoHy III, saBoeBaBineMy CBoe 
nojFoseHÍe sacHjiECXBeHHbíMx nepeBopoxoirB h c^iHTaBmeify ce6fl 
Hacji']^AnitBOM'B BejiH^afimaro BoeHHaro ^^flxejifl HOBuxib apeMeHi! 
ABxopi HaEBiio cojBajiex'B o tomi, qxo HMnepaxopi ^pani^ysoBi 
ee B3flJi'B Ha ce6fl dxofi 6;iaroAÍ^xejiBHOfi poiiH b*^ HysHuft MOMeHrb 
H no3BOJinwi'b npyccÍH B03B%cxHXb HOBufi, 6yAxo 6u, npflHi^Hfrb nep- 
BeHcxBa CHJiu nepoA^b npaBOMT. „Bon ee AaJ'b axofi apexyciio- 
xpHxejibHOCXH Hameny Moeapxy, — roBOpHxi 0H*b, — h HanpoxHBi, 
saxeHHHwii ero B3op'b HeacHiiMH o6pa3aMH, noposAeHHHMH Booópa- 
xeHÍeifb. ^axajibHafl haca co6jra3Hfl^a ero — haoa o cok)8Í Cb t%mh, 
BOTopux^b cJiÍAOBajo o6y3Aaxb. IIpyccBÍe npaBHxejiH ocunaiH ^paa- 
qyscBHxi AHnjoMaxoB^ BOMnjHMeHxaMH, h bte wifofiesHOCXH hm^ioti 
Bx ce&b H'|qxo y^cacHoe. EBpona 6biJia sapysno cnoBoftná, mpi 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



H3'B HCTOPIH BTOPOfi HMaEPlH. 725 

emfi coxpsHHjSCfl, ho sto 6ujii MHpx Henpo9Hu8, ee RMtemift hh- 
<!ero oCmaro cb nopsAKOMi. Ooth^ ToabBo TopaecTByert — Bhc- 
iiapRi. Ohi noji03RHj'B pyKy hh cep^i^e 4^paui^ÍH h c«rHTa3'B ero 
saMe^JieHHUfl 6ieHÍfl. Ohi BditicHJi GesA^ficTBÍe AHniÍH, A^pserb 
Poceko BOcnoMHHaHiflMH o Dojibnii h BjeqerB sa co6ok) ÓÍahyh) 
ABCxpiio"... 

O^eBHAHO, npeAycMOTpHTejbHocTb HanojreoHa sawioHajiacb 6a 
se vh san^rb npaBa cnpaBeAiHBocTH, — >nb 6umo emj coiiCiu% 
ae Kx JiHcty, — a wh Óojíie aoctoShomi, nesaBHCHAioMi OTHomeniH 
vb rbflťb o^ManqHBUMi o&bmfiLumwhj KOTopuMH hoctohhho no^Ky- 
naji'b ero BecMapicb. 3th BOCBeHHUfl o6^infi,BÍsi BapsiBanecb :RaB'b 
611 Be^aflHHO, Bi nujiy oricpoBeHHOCTH, b 6ujh cneuiajbHO pas- 
c^HTaHii Ha cja6ocTb npoTHBHHBa Kh HesaBOHHHMrb Dpio6p^Te- 
BÍHH^b. B-B aBrycrt 1864 row, npyccBÍli MHHHCTp^-npesHAeHTB, 
BTh pasroBopi c^ repi](oroirb FpaMOHOMi, iiepe^ajcb eny coAepata- 
Bie CBoeft Óec^AU C'b 6pHTaHCBHM'b nocjiaHHHROMi, pascysAaBHiHm 

o BipOflTBOMl* c6jHSeHÍH CB ^paHipeiO ;^JIfl COBM'ICTHUXI» ^HOJIO- 

MaTHHecBHXi A*ftcTBÍfi HpOTHBi IIpyccÍH. „ít6 MoateTO BH npeA- 
josHTb HanojeoHy? — roBopai-b ohi npeACTaBHTejio Ahfjiíh: — 
PasBd^ TOJibKo no3Bo.ieHÍe necTH pasopHxejrbHyK) h osecroqeHHyio 
Botay, ^ToCbi OTHHTb y BacT> peHucRifl dpobhhi^íh. Ho totI), eto 

&3aA'^6rB pefiHCBHMH npOBHHI^HMR, UOSR&ťh OT^aTb HX^ $paH^iH. 

Bor^a HacTaBeri BpeMfl, mu iioaceMi B^pHte bofo 6ti to hh 5ujio 
cofiTHCb cb ýpaHnysaMH, ^^aBi hmi ne o6'6n^aHÍe, ho sajiorb bo3- 
BarpaxAeHifl sa coAMcTBÍe". H ooBib 4^paBi^y3CKÍfi j^HnjoBiarB 
Tejerpa^Hpyerb bi IlapHacB o HeoÓsiqafiHO BasHOSfb naHeB^, h 
8T0 coo6^eHÍe AOCTaBjaerb oóu^noe y^toBOjbCTBÍe HMnepaxopy. Bt 
OJsntnůpb 1865 ro^a BHcifapRi npoBeii H']^CROJ[bBO xneft fe Biap- 
pHqi, TKb Bu^b npe6ii]BaHÍe h Hauo^eoHi; Taví npyccBift mh- 

BHCTpi* O paCBpUBaJI'B CBOH CM^Ue HJiaHH B AOBaSblBaJl OOJIbBy 

oÓOfOXHOfi ;^pya6H, npH BOTopoft yBejiH^ennoe Moryn^ecTBO DpyccÍH 
6I2JÍ0 6u Biiroji^HO H A^fl $paB^iH. HiinepaTopi CjiarocBiOHHO bhh- 
uBJn> padflOofipasHbiifb jiOBO^aii^ BncMapBa h BUCRasiiBaJii eny 
CBOe co^yBCTBÍe h o^oÓpeHÍe. Uos^Hte ohi cnoco6cTBOBajii saB^io- 
HeBÍH) coiosa nes^y HTajieio r IIpyccieK) npoTRBx Abctpíh, h Ta- 
BHB^ oÓpasoM^B ycBopHJii Ha^ajio boBru, Boiopan, no ero npe^- 
BOJtoseniio, AOJSHa Óajra A^Tb eHy cjiy^afi BH^maTbCfl h nojiy- 
HHTb HSBicTHyio AOJHD Ao6bi9H. Bi pa3roBopax'B c% npyccBHMi no- 
cjftHHHBOifB, ^Hi-FojibqeHT, OHI HO pas^b BosBpan^aJCfl bi bo- 



>) BHCMapBi TorAa ne ^hjii em,e KaHipepom, keki oiiir6o9ho HasHBaeTi ero 
Ilfcepi xe-JIa-ropci bi pascsasi o neperoBopaxi vb Biappaqt (t. IY, CTp. 561). 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



726 MOŤHHSl BBPOnU. 

npocy o BOSHarpasA^HÍE sa coqyBCTBeHHufi HefiTpajLEien, oócy* 
sxajii pa3Jiii<iHUfl BosMOsuuir BOM^Hsai^iH, ho ae pšmaicfl tohho 
cnpeA*!^!!) npeAMerB sejiaiejbHoi yciynsH bi> nosBsy ^paei^H. 
Toibso oAHaaLAH, Bi Ma']^ 1866 rojia, Hanoiieofli, cooÓmfíBí^ 
Fojibi^y o CA^aHHBixi Ascipieio npe^Jioseuiflxi, cBa3aj['b oo<u£ 
HŠBOToparo MOJi^aHÍn: „Bsopu Moeň cxpauu oSpan^eHu £*& 6epe- 
raM^ PežHa". Ohi ee ca'linHJi'b sapywTsca BaBHM^b-HHÓyxB nojo- 
SHTejbHUMi oóflsaTejibCTBOMi, sejiafl coxpanHTb CBb6oM,Y A'&ftCTBÍ8 
Ha cjiyqaS^ ecjH aBCTpo-npyccsafl (Jopb6a saiAHeTCfl h hc apase- 
jífivh B'B pimeniH) cnopa; vb to se speMa ohi cuoHflJicfl si ao- 
HHTKaMi npe^yopesACHÍfl rpo3Haro BspuBa, h cx btoio irkubio bhobb 

06paTHJ[CH B'B A6psaBaM% CB CBOHlfB JIK)6HMUM:b upOOBTOM^fc SBpO- 

neKcBaro BOHrpecca, — ho onaTb ($e8'B ycirbx&j laBi Bas-B orpanH- 
HSLTeJibBUB ycJiOBifl, HOCTaBjíeHHUfl ÁBCTpieio, ne uotah Chtě npH- 
HflTBi ApyrHMH Ba6HHeTaMH. Qep^i BEiCTyoieBíeM^b vb dqxoa^, 
6HCMapB'b, oóesnoBoeHHiilt Hacnerb HaMipenifi HanoJieoHa, wb ao- 
cJn^AHifi paBi* AOojbiTiiiBajicfl y ero nocaanHHBa BenejieTTH, Basas 
„BOMneHcaqifl^ noTpeÓjexcfl ajih $paHiuH, h cb CBoefi CTopoau 
BupadHiii roTOBHocTb yroBopHTb Bopojifl OT^aTb o6jacTb BepxHaro 
Modena Bifi^cx^ c% JIioBceHÓyproMi. Bi dTOix MOMeurb $paHE(ifl en^e 
Horja o6e3ne9HTb ceóé xeppHTopiajbHoe pacmapeflíe; bo MOMearb 
6fiiJi'B nponyn^eH'B wb ns^Aessifli Ha to, hto xoa'b boShu no3BOJHrB 
HanojieoHy c^tjiaTb Óojrbe SHa^HTejrbHbifi BaxBarb, b^ aa^ecTBi 
BepniHTejH cyAe6'B hjih rtpHMHpHTejH o6%hx'b repicaHCBHx^b Aep- 
saB'B. 

MesAy t^ími BoeHHBifi pasrpoMi Abctpíh coBepniHjicfl Cb ae- 
ÓuBajiofi 6ucTpoTOK): qepe3'b AecflTb jifleň nocjit nepexo^a aBcrpifi- 
CBoK rpaHHUbí, 3-ro iiojie, npyccaBH o^epsajiH pikmHTejbHyio no- 
6ÍAy npH Caj^OBoň. ^paHi^yscBÍa ycjiyrH 6£uh yse nenyiBHti, h 
Tpe6oBaTb sa hhxi njaTU oti noÓ^AHTejrefi 6ujio 6u cjHoiBOirB 
HaHBHo; OAHaBO 9Ty naHBHOCTb odnapysoai HaHOjeoH'B. OpexBa- 
pHTeJbHbifl ycďOBÍfl MHpa ne 6ujib emfi noADHcaHu b% Heboibc- 
6y^t% Bor^a Taní nojKyqeBa 6ujia ^enema, HaaoMHHaBioafl 06% 
„yif^CTHOCTH H cnpaBeAďHBOCTH BOMHeHcauifl" nyxeicb cootbšt- 
CTBeHHaro yBeJiH^eHÍa ^paeiiyscsofi ToppETopÍH. Htaoropoe Bpeim 
cnycTfl, npHCiaHi 6eijki bb BepjHH^b npoeBxi ceapoTHaro AoroBopa, 

BT> BOTOpOBťB BHepBUe T04H0 HdJOSeHU 0(|)4>HI^ÍaJbaUfl Tpe6oBaHÍH 

^paHi^H. ][iJio mjio 061 ycxynB^ wi^j^Baro Óepera Pefina, co bbu>- 
qenieM^ Maňni^a. $paui](y3CBÍlt nocjiauHBBi Bene^eTTH coo6m,fu% 
bohík) npoeBTa BacMapBy Bificri cb cbohmi nHCbM0M'b h na CJr6- 
Ayion^ilt A^Bb flBHiícfl MH neperoBopoB-b. IIpyccBÍS OTB'lrB mosho 
ÓuJio npe^BHA^Tb 3apaH'le. Bep.iHHi roTOBHJiCfl Tor^a bi Topae- 



Digitized by VjOOQ IC 



H31 HCTOPIB BTOPOfl HMOEFIH. 727 

CTBeHBoi Bcrp^q^ CBoero no6ixoHocflaro Ropoia; pa^ocTHce aaoiio- 
sajfcHoe B036ysA6HÍe oxbhthjio Opycciio h repifaHÍK), h b% lasjío 
MiiHyTy 6UJÍ0 coBepineHHO eejiino AyHaTi> o ao^poboilhoK OTAaqi 
qacTH npyccsHzi seMejib Hanoieoay lU. ;,He A^uAne cetíi Ha 

dTOTB CqeTl HHSaKHXX HJ[JtK)8Ífi, — cusajii^ BHCHapKI* <{)paHI^y3CR0My 

AHiuioiiaTy: — ecjH bu 6yAeTe HacTaHBaxB aa cbohxi Tpe6oBaHÍflxi>, 

M&l TOTHaCB Ke H BO 9T0 6u TO HH CT&IO yCTpOHMl OKoa^aTe^b- 

Hui MHpi> (TB ABCipieK) u uaiipaBHMi BC']^ CBOH CHju Ri Pe^Hy. 
He coMH'&BafiTeck bi stomi h noToponniecK o6'BflCHHTb BCto opaB^y 
HjfnepaTopy''. Bene^eTTH 8araBopHj'B o neoÓxoAHMOCTH coxpaHHTb 
npecTHacB AHHacTÍH, — saR^L (iyATO ABsacTH^ecRie HHiepecu Bona- 
napTOB'B AOJiasHu éwLin osaÓOHflBaTb npyccRaro MHHBCTpa; Bhc- 
MapR^B 0TBtqaj'b, ^to AHHacrifl ropasAO Óojbine pecByer^b bx ciy- 
qa'& BOáHbiy q^i apa cozpaHenÍH MHpa. Konifl cespeTHaro npoesTa^ 
jersoMbicjieHHO ociaBJíeHHafl b'b pyKaxi BHCMapsa, nocjysHia jsfia 
šero BasHbíMi AOKyMesTOMi, j&OTopufi noMon eny AOÓHibCfl cro- 
p^llinaro sauio^eHÍfl BoeHHHX'B BOHBeauifi cb H)»uio-repMaHCKHMH 
rocyAapcTBaMH b BOsÓyAflTb ue^OB^pie vb $paHAÍH bi neTepfiyprí^. 
Hanodeoai> III ue noBBJíb yposa, AaHHaro eny wb Bep.iHa'£, 
B BOdoďHOBBj^ CBOK) noDbiTBy Bi Apyroft, emfi xyAmei ^pM*]^. 
Oh^b nopy^HjiT^ cBoeMy npeACTaBAieiio noipeóOBaTb npap^BB no- 
rpanB^Holt noiocu, ch ropoAaiiH CaapÓpioseHOMi, CaapjiyB b .laH- 
Aay, By Wh cayqa^ omasa, npeACTasBib npoeBTi coiodHaro cor^a- 
meflia, BOTopoe ynojiaoMoqBBaio Ca. $paHi:^iio npacoeAaaBTb JIidb- 
ceefiyprb h saBoeaaTb Beibiiia apu coA']bncTBÍB Qpyccia. Kopojb 
opycesifi AOdseai 6uji „OBasaib ^paButia noAA^psBy bcImb cbo- 

BMH CyXOnyTBUMB H MOpCKBMH CBJaMB BpOTBBI* BCBBOfi A^P^ABU^ 

BOTopaa ddxABRja 6h eň Bofiay no noBOAy saaflTÍa Bejbrifl". IIpeA- 
jaraa Ilpyccia sasiioqBTb TaBoe oÓasaTesbCTBO, ^paai^a asaMiai 
ofiHBUBajiacb apBaaaTb acb hobíIíbiíh opyccBÍa sasoesaHÍa a ao- 
oycTBTb upacoeABBeaie losao-HiiieABBx^b rocyAapcTBTb bi» dBepo- 
repMaacBOMy cofosy, T.-e« npaaHaTb a AonycxBTb to, ^tó yse ai 
cynviocTB ae Eya^jsfiídoch bi A03B0jeaÍB ^paai^ÍB. BacMapsi bto- 
pa^HO OTBepn acaRyio MHCJib o6i ycTyoB'Í H'bMei^Kax'b aeifejb, ao 
H6 Bospassajii opaMO npoTBBi ^pdai^yscEaxi líeqTaaiS otboch- 
TeJbHO qysflxi TeppaTopiií; oai nycTBJíca A&se ai otfcysAeaie 
0TA'6jibaux'B cxaTeň npoeBTa, a no ero yBaaaaíaiťb nocjaaaBB'b 
BeaeAeTTB MÍ^Jieun^ bt> aaxi peAaai^ioHaiia ooopaaBB, aocst ^ero 
nepeiuicaji'b aecb xeBcrb coCcTaeaaopyqao a nepeAaJi» ero np}c- 
CEOMy :BaHBCTp)-npe3flAeaTyy A«sfl npeACTaaieaia Bopojno. 9to fiiuo 
Bi^ aarycTÍ 1866 roAa, BorAa a'Í^o repMaacaaro ofiieABHeaia noAx 
rjaaeacTBOM^ Ilpyccia aaxoABJOCb en^e ai nepioA*]^ cosaAaaia. 



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1 



728 BKTmssh tíBPomi. 

npeACTaBHTejb ^paei^H Ha stotb pasi CHaCAM'^ npoTHBOHisa ao- 
KyueoTOifB, orjiameHie Boroparo BOSiiyTHJio 6u npoTHB^E nea o6o^e- 
CTBeaHoe MBiaie Bcefi Esponu, h EflCHapsi onHTb hm^jh* bi py- 
jULTh BecbMa i;'lHHoe opysie, botopeimi mopb BocnoibsoBaTbCfl fb 
cjyqa*! na^oÓHOCTH. Ho o(5i>flCHeHÍio - Dbepa le-JIa-Popca, j^pas- 
i^y3CBafl ;(HnjíOMaTÍfl nocTynajia croiib aobí^p^abo JiHmb 8*^ CBjy 
npncyn^efi efi Heo6biBHOBeHHoK npeAynpeAHTejbHOCTH h síoÚesEOcn 
vh CHOineHÍflxi Cb Apy^RecRHMH Ba6HHeTaHH; ho, apoM^ JiiatfesHocTH, 
3fl4ci> 6ujío H HÍqTO Jípyroe, Cjthskoo vh rjynocTH h b-b Gessa- 

CT^HHHBOMy I^HHH8My. BHCMapRl KbŘClBOBSUrb, dy^TO 6Uy Ha OCHO- 

BaHÍH Toro npaBHJia ^pHApHxa Bejrasaro, tto Bcer^a nojiesHO „sa- 
py^HTbCfl ^'lM'B-BH6yAB HaoHcaHHmfb^; ho a^ aroro Hysno Gcijk), 
«iTo6u eHy }i[o($poBOJibHO AasaitH HT0-HR6yAB HaoHcaHHoe b, npHTOVb, 
HTOÓu 9T0 HanHcaHHoe 6ujio hoctbabo hjih neyAOÓHO a^a HaoH- 
caBmRxi. 

IIjaH'b xRHiHB^ecRaro BacHJibCTBeHHaro saiBara iiRpHofi Heft- 
TpajibHOfi CTpaHu, B'b ueHTp']^ Bana^HOfi EBponu, Bupa6oTajca h 
cosp^i B'b yM'fi HanojeoHa III — Rasi yB^paer^b aBTopi— hckuo- 
HHTejbBO noAi BJiÍBHÍevb BdymeHifi BacMapRa. ,,H8BHHeHÍeMi, 
eAHHCTBeHHbíMi* HSBRHeHÍeMi A^H HunepaTopa ^'Pafli^yBOBi 6uio 
3T0 BosA^fiCTBÍe upyccRaro MHHHCTpa. KoM^Hnai^ifl ÓbiJia bi BOHqi 
ROHi^OBi npeAJioseHa ^panaieio, ho noert ctojib MHoromueHHbirb 
H HacTofiqHBuxx BHymeHÍft Ilpyccin, ^to na nee xe na^aerB fiab- 
Haa OTB^TCTBeHHOCTb^. Bo BceM^b BHHOBarb ROBapnsifi BHCHapR^; 
OH'b OTRJOHHJii CTaparo HOBejiHTejra ^pani^iH orb nyTH Ao6poAt- 
TejH H sacraBHJii ero BucrynaTb cb npoeRtaMB orspoBeHearo 
Me»AyBapoABaro rpaÓHTejibCTBa, ROTopHe caMi se saT^irB BaTero- 
pRqecRH oTBeprajii. Ciapancb onpaB^aTb Hanoieona, Ilbep^ je- 
Jla-ropcb HeBOJbHO aoioartb ao npeAnojoseHÍa, hto ^paHayscsift 
jfOHapx'b Hecnoco6eH'b ÓuJťb canocToaTejibHO o^Ay^^aaTb cboh A^ft* 
CTBÍfl, BSB^mHBaTb Hxi BOBMosHue pesyjbTaTbi H OTB^^aTb Bootfqe 
sa CBOH HaH^peHÍfl h npoeRTu; ho h TorAa ocTaeTca HenoHHTHHMi, 
noqeMy sa nero AOJseH'b o^HTaTbCfl OTBiTCTBenBUMi HRoerpan- 

HUft MHHHCTpa, HC COCTOflBHlift BOBCe Bl HUCjA BVO COBÍTHKKOBI 

H 4^aBopHTOB'b. Yc^ioBie 4>pABBO-npyccRaro coiosa, npeAJOseHHíU 
^paHqieio, 6ujie canH no ce6i raBOBu, tto BTh MOrb ooHHHHTb 

TOJIbRO ^eJOB^RB, HH upejS^h B^M'L Re OTBÍTCTBeHHHfi, OpHBHBmift 

pyBOBOACTBOBaTbCfl jHmb BHymeHÍflMH CBoefi ^auTasÍH n craBRib 
ce6fl beí h Bume ne To;ibBO npeAnHcanifi oCn^ecTBenHoft cobí^h, 
HO H coo6pa»eHÍfi npocToro BApanaro cMacia. TaB% sasi Ilpyccú 
He HM^a HB uaji^ftmaro noBOAa OTAaaarb $paHqiR cboh bochhiu 
CHJH A^a o6e3ne9eRÍfl ea ^yAyn^aro BJiaAbiqecTBa HaA'B Beibrí^o, 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



H3'B HCT0P2H 6T<tt>0JÍ MiCOEPIH. 729 

TO npoeRTi ceftpeTHaro AoroBopa ae y^ocToujcfl n^^me cepi>e3Haro 
oÓcysA^HÍfl BTb BepJiHfli, h pasrOBopu EHCMapna ci ^paHi^yscfiem 

nOCaaaHHSOHl BCe^6<XlÍQ npHHHMaJH OTT'&HOR':b CSpiITOfi HpOHÍH. 

Paao^apoBaHHufi fb cbohxi HaAe«A&x'^9 HaaoJieoH-B III Ha 
BpeMfl npBMHpflJicfl n „coRepinHBfflHMHca ^asTaMH^ h nuTajcfl bi» 
ocofioifB ABQ«iiiOMaTH?e(»pMi i^Hpsyjiflpš o6i>acHHTi> rb BOSBumeaBue 

npBHqHBUy KOTOpiiMl OHl^ 6yAT0 6£I, (^'j&AOBaJI^L DO OTHOmeflÍH) K^B 
HEIUOHajBHUMl ABHSeHiflM^B HiaJlÍH B FepMaHiH; HO OHI HyBCTBO* 

Baj'B yaaAOB'B CBoero JHinaro asTopareTa, b% BH;iy HcnuTaHHux^ 
HeyAanx, h ae otboch^ce yse (tb npesHHiťB cnoKO&CTBieirB b% 
MOjqajBBOMy o6ii(ecTBeHHOMy mhíhíh) CTpaau. IIpHHyAMTejiBHoe 
MOjqaHie ne^aTH Badajocb eMy BpasAet^HUH^L hib yrposaionj^HMi; 
noBCiOAy eny cjmmajiocB HejiOBOďbCTBO, oasHAasniee tojibro cjíyqafl, 
Tro6u apopeaTbOB napysy. Oax Bce en^e BÍpBJi», ^xo MoaierB 
nonpaBHTb CBoe no^o^Renie npa homohih KaBoB-uH6yAB BCKyccTBeH- 
HOB nojtBTHqecBoS BOMČBHauÍH, €noco6Hofi yAOBjexBopBTB Hai^io- 
Ha^BHoe caM0JK)6ie 4>pAB^y^B^. Bb fijiHsallHieici cocí^actb*! cb 
^aHipeH) HamjacB He^ojBrnaa o^jbctb, ho Hiišiontafl Moryn^e- 
CTBeHHiixi) nospoBHiejeS, Bani BeiiBrÍB, b npeACTaR^Bfon^aa ho 
Mea^ BHTepecayio AOÓuHy, vbui* CaBoňa, — Bejasoe repi^orcTBO 
J[K)RceH6yprcBoe. By^y^a aoMaaajiBHO ota^buumi» He3aBBcaifEiM'B 
rocy^apcTBOMi, J[K)BceB6yprB CBfl8aB'B Óujíi ahhblOř yaieK) C!b Ha- 
xepjaHAaMH a bxoabjtb bo^ cocxasi craparo repMaacsaro coiosa; 
rxaBHBifi ropoAi xoro x,e HMOfla aii&ii) SBaqeaie C0K)3B0fi repnaa- 

CSOfi BpŠnOCTB a hT> 9T0M'B Ba^eCTfii SaaBTB 6UJL% OpyCCBBIťB 

rapHHBOBOM^B. Co6BiTÍfl 1866 roAa, yHaqTOsaB'B opesaioK) repaiaH- 
CKyfo ýe^epaiÚH), ocTasa^a JlfOBceaCyprB saíb Hosaro ycipoiCTBa 
repMaaía, a cyAB(5a Bejasaro repi^orcTBa saBacksa ya;e tojbbo 
orb Bopo^ifl BBAepjiaHACBaro. PojuaBACBoe npaBHTejBCTBO, Bcxpe- 
B02seHHoe BoeHHBíMa ycoixaMB Dpyccia, BS^yMajo acsaxB san^axH 
H noAABpsBB y Hanojeoaa lU, aa csyqafi BaBax'B-aa6yAB npyccBO- 
repMaHCBBx^ nocaraxeiBCXBi; b^b ^BpaJi% 1867 ro^a oao o6pa- 
THJOCB B% 4>paBi](y8CBOMy Maaacxpy aaocxpaaabixb xb^^j Mapnasy 
Ae-MyxBe, cb BOH^aAeBi^iaJiBauiťB sanpocoMi o xomi, Bas^ nocxy- 
naxTi ^pafluifl, ecja HaAep;iaHAH noABeprayxca Bana^eHiio Fep- 
MEBia. Fo^iJiaaACKie AanJiOMaxu, o^eBa^ao, npaaaMajia sa qacxyK) 
Moaexy rpoMBÍB cjiobb ^paHi^y3CBax'B rucyAapcxBeaHuxi A'iflTesefi 
o CBOÓOAt a npaaaxi* qysaxi aai^ioaajBHOCxeK; noaxony oaa óujlíi 
Kpafiae OBa^a^eabi a acnyraHu, Bor^a oojyqajia BBMEicjOBaxiifi 
ABOJOMaxaqecBifi oxb'Ixi ^paaiúa. B'b jifiuemb ei (|)paHi^y3CB0My 
npeACTaBaxeJíK) bi Faarš, Mapsasi A^-MyxBe o6iHcaaj'B, qxo r^aa- 
Hafl onacHOCTB aih FojJiaHAia 3aRjiH)qaexcfl bi BejasoMi repuor- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



730 BftCTHHRl EBPOnU. 

CTB% JlK)RceH6yprcB0Mi, BRJiiDHeHHOiťB afiTaMH B^HCRaro ROHrpecca 
B'B repMEHCsitt coH)8i; npucyTCTBÍe npyccsaro rapaHsoHa b^ jior- 
ceH6yprcRofi rp^uocth cos^aerb bsb^beui to^rh conpHROCBOBeHii 
e% qecT0J[i(>(5HBHMi> codbAumn rocy^apcxBOMi h cTaBHrb BeanRaro 
repi^ora, Ropojra HH^epjaBACEaro, vb n^eROTiHBoe noioxeme; oř- 
€K)Aa BOSMoa&eBi oahhi tojibro (ijaronpiflTHufi suxoxh — npHCoexH- 
BeHÍe BeJHRaro reputorcTBa ri ýpasi^yscRofi HMnepiH. rojjraHjua 
CofljiacB 6yAyii^x'B saBoeBareiibBiix^E BaiiipeBiB Upyccis h BeasRH- 
AaHHO naTRHyjiacB aa BecBMa peajibBue xHn^Hue aauucjitf ^paaiUH. 
^paHqyscRÍB ifRBHCTp'B npe^^arajii BCxynHTb wh HeaccpeAcrsefl- 
Bue neperoBopH cb 6epjiBBCRBMi RaÓHHexoM^B no sonpocy o(h 
o^Hn^eBÍB jK)RceB6yprcRofi rp'6docth otb npyccRHxx BoficR'B. „ Ilpyc- 
CRoe npaBHTejBCTBO, cTpeMfln^eecH nouep^RBBarB 6ojrbe tícbha 
OTBomeBifl CB ÝpaBipeK), — nacaa^ jie-MyxBe, — ne ciaHer^ bo- 
npeRH BCAROMy npaBy, coxpaaflTB bb*! cbobxi rpaaHqi h raR^B 
6jb8RO otb nacB rapaB30B'B, fiesnojesBHi bi cmucj^ ecrecTBes- 
flolt san^BTBi npyccifl h bi to se apcMfl HM']^H)ii^ifi xapaRrepi aa- 
CTynaTeiBBufi npeHMyn^ecTBenao no OTHomeaiio Kb nairB. Mosho 
flaate ;íonycTHTB, hto, npaaHMafl 6evb npOTecxa ^rtb npacoeAH- 
Beaifl Be;iHRaro repi^orcTBa ri ^paai^ia, QepjiHBCidfi Ra6HaeTi» c<ih- 
Taji) 6u CBOK) ÓjrarocRJiOBBOCTB Kbjiou% HCRycaofi nojiHTHRB h 
oxoTBO npeAOCTaBHJTB 6u aaMTi BocnojiBSoaaTbCH HpaBCTBeHaiíMi h 
MaTepiajBHBíMi y^OBJíeTBopenieMi, ROTopoe, Ttcnie cfiiasHBi o&b 
Hai^H, ynpo^HJO 6u iiapi bt* Eeponi^. Hixi ae^ocxaTRa bi> xo- 
pomHxi 4^pa3arB ^jia npHRpEiTÍH sajiRott ocaoBaotl mbicjih; se 
TOJIBRO npyccifl AOJataa 6uTh AOBOJBaa npacoeAHaeaieifB JIiORcen- 
($ypra ri ^paai^iH, ao a Eapona BBiarpaeTi otb dToro, h Bce- 
očn^ifi Hapi yTBepAHTCfly a caM^B BejHRÍii repctorB BSÓaBBTCfl orB 
jiHfflaefi o6y3£i. draicB aRTOMi, T.-e. OT^a^efi JIioRceaÓypra nojTB 
BjiacTB ýpaBqy30B%, RopoJB-BejraRÍfi repi^on, RaRi ya^paTB ^^e- 
MyTBe, AOCTaBRTB y^OBOJiBcťBie cBoaM'B rojiJiaB;(CRaM'B noManaiíMi, 
BnojiB^ cosaaion^airB onaceocxB Ay^^sna, a cx^aerx npiflTaoe 
j[H)Rcea6ypn^aM'B, BOBce ae sejaion^RHi (íutb nor^ion^enaBiMB Pep- 
Maaieio. HasBaneai 6yAerB aae6aci^aT'By a-^a Toro, hto6ii Bonpoci 
paspimajTCfl corjiacao bojií Hacejeaifl. $paa^ifl (SpaJia na cefifl 
ycTpaaeaie bcíxi npenflTCTBÍfi, RaRÍfl Morjia BOsaaRayTB Kb Bep- 
jiaB'fi. 

][^o cpasy aa^aTO 6ujo c'b tšm'b me jrerROMticseaBuirB aoioM- 
6oMi>, CB RaRBiTB npeAnpaaaMa^BCB npemaifl nonEiTRa btofo po^a. 
Bi JlfORceaÓyppB nocjiaai 6ujn> ^paai^y3CRÍfi qHBOBBBRi cb n^bibio 
ysaaTB aacTpoeaie marejiefi a oxasaTB axi caMnaTÍa Kb ^paaipB. 
HaAepjiaHACRoe upaBarejBCTBo npoTOCTOBajio npoTaai. noAO(5Haro 



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HSl HCTOPIH BTOPOň HMDEPIH. 731 

BM^maTeibCTBa bx cboh A^jia; bi> IlapHxt nocnimHJH oTpeqbcn 
on nocjiaHBaro qHBOBHHsa: owb no^xa^x bi JIioRceHtfyprb no 
CBOHiTB ceueŘBuwb A^jaM'B, H, 6uTh MOSRevb, B^E Aoporš COÓHpaJTB 
pasHBfl CB^A^Bifl, HO noJiHTH^ecRHrb noJHOMO^ifi ne Hif&ai. „Ecre- 
CTBeHBO, — roBopBJí^E ^pasiiyscRÍfi MHHHcrprB, — iTO JiiOKceHfíypripi 
xoTflTB coxpaHHTB CBOK) aBTOHOMÍK) BO^h BjacTBio OpaHCRaro AOMa; 
HO, npH HeHsfitsHOCTH nepeM']^Hu, Hapo^Hoe npeAnoHTeme Óy^erB 
Bceq&io OTxaHO ^aai^iH. HMnepaTopi cMbHO jsejaerB npHcoe^H- 
Heaifl, BOTopoe cjífbjííuiocb arr nero Heo6xo;^MuirB nocjrb aej^B- 
flHX'E co6£iTÍfi; Bi B03Harpa»AeHÍe sa ycrjnsy, obi oÓesneqHTB 
roďjaHAÍH) OT^ BCflBaro nocaraTaiBCTBa co cTopoHu Opyccin. EeoH 
xe ^paeipH Cy^ert OTBasaHO b-b btomi y^OBjerBopeHÍE, to bob- 
6ysAeHÍe Hapo^a aoBa^tb ao boSeh, a BoHna no bc'&h'b npHsna- 

K&lfB OBOfl^BTCfl Ha C^OTB MaJSHXl FOCy^apCTBl, TaE'B t|TO BOpOJIB- 

BejHsifi repi](orB uoT&erb noTepaTb npn dxoH^b OAHOBpeMeHHO h 
JlHM6yprE, H JIioBceHÓyprb". HRAepjaHACBifi Bopojb Ha nepBBX'B 
nopaxi otb;[ohhji'b BCflsie ceRpeTHue neperoBopu, Óesi yqacTÍfl 
DpyccÍH, HO nojuajcB coCjrasRy A^eesHiix^E o&bmfi,mňj bi BH^y 
paBCTpolICTBa cBOHxi ^HHaHCOB^, H corjíacHJCfl npoAaTB BejHBoe 
repi^orcTBO HanojieOHv; o6š CTopoHu oÓmíhbjihcb saflBjeHÍflMH b^b 
dTOMi CMiíCJrfc, H npeACTOBJO TOJiBBO noABHcaTB aBTi ycTynsH. 
IIpejRAe ^^UT> BirpasHTB CBoe 4>opM<^i>Boe cor^acie, BopojiB cnejix 
AOJroM'B sapywTbCfl OAo6peHÍeMx BepjrBHa h cooCh^rj^ Bct no- 
Apo6BOCTH A'6'ia npeACTaBHTejTK) EpyccÍH; ceKpeTHoe npeAnpiflTie 
Hano^eona nepemja ror^a na no^By o<|)^Hi^iaj![bHOfi hojibthbh h 
noAHBJío ujhjnifi pflA'B BonpocoBi, o KOTopuxi coBepmeHHO saóiua 
ýpani^yscBafl ABn^iOMaTÍB. nojroseHÍe JlH)BceH6ypra onpeA^BJíocB 
MeasAyHapoAHOK) BOHBeHi^ieio 1839 ro^a, h oho mofjio (5iitb h8m%- 
Heno TOJiBEO npn ynacTÍH AepsaB'B, noAOHcaBniHXx ary BOnBesiUK); 
AOCTHFHyTB 2se o6n(aro cooaaieHiH 6ujio AB<ieBO i^e TaR^B JierRO, rerx 
npeACTaB.ffljiocB bto TiojiBepiĚCROMy ABOpy. CA'&!íRa cb HHAepjiasAaMH 
npeAno^antia yAajieHie npyccRaro rapnasona hsi JiioBceE6yprcROfi 
RpibaocTH; HO ycjioBJíHBaTBCfl 0613 9T0M'B HOMHHO UpyccÍH, HOJaraflCB 
jfflHiB Ha B'6poBTHoe eorjsíacíe BucMapRa, 6ujio 6ojAe ^iai CTpanHO. 
B'B npyccRHxx BoeHHBixi Rpyrax'B 6ujm RpafiHe pasApasenBi 6e3i^e- 
peMOHHOCTBH), CB BaROK) HaHOJiooHi III p^ma^ii cyABÓy npyccRaro 
rapHHSOHa bi JlH)RceH6ypr% 6681 npeABapHxejiBHaro (j^opMajiBHaro 
corjiameHÍH Cb npyccBHMx npaBHTejiBCTBOirB; RpoM* AHOJOMaTÍH, 
BA^eb Hiťi&jia rojtocB h soesnafl BJiacTb, ROTopafl Morjia h pasofi- 
THCB BO BsrJHAaxi ci RaHqjepoM-B. CaMufi cuocoňx ycTynRH JIior- 
cendypra 3a AeHbrH, upeAnajHa^enHiifl wh jH^Hyio nojibsy BejrH- 
Baro repE(ora, npoTHBop'l«iHJi'b coBpeMeHHUMi ycjroBiflMi Mea^AyHa- 



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732 E^THHSl EBPOnU. 

poAnaro apasa, h opeAnojiasBeHHoe aapoAHoe rojocosaHie 3apaHÍe 
npeBpanvuocb bi nycTofi h jishbuB o6pflA'B. CA^sa apaHa^^e- 
sajia BOo6ii;e si qncjiy tšx!b, soTopiia ue BUHOcarB CB']bTa h jah- 
^TOsaiOTCfl caMH co6oio npH rjacHom o6cy^jífiBÍB; h bi to se 
BpeMtf OHa Tpe6oBajia eenpeif&HHaro y«iacTÍfl nocxopoHHHxi ffip- 
7BAB% H, ď^AOBaTeiEHO, He Mor4a HBÓ^rúyTB HH orjacKH, HH xpH- 
THKH. Gfl!bjia,Th apio6pÍTeHÍe JIiORceHÓypra „coBepniHBDiHMCfl 4^aK- 
TOMi'', nyreifL ceaperF.aro AoroBopa ci HH^epjaHAaicH, HeicuaiHiio 
6hjio yae noioMy, hto 8to npio6p4TeHÍe momo ocymecxBHTbca 
TOJibKO ci yxoAOMi npyccsHxi BoficB'By na^i BOTopuiiH HH^epiaBA*' 
CBoe npaBHTejbCTBo ae hmšio HHKasofi BiaciH. jltoBceafiyprcKii bo- 
npoci ropflHO oócys^ajca bi H^nei^BoK oe^aTH, BEi8Bai'B narpioTH^ie- 
CKÍfl p'l?H Bx cŠBepo-repifaHCKOicb cefiai h eacTOJibBO BOscraHOBHii 
npoTHBi $paHI^H od^ecTBeHHoe MH^HÍe FepMaHiH, qro 06% ycTynsi 
Hejib3fl 6ujio H Ay^aTb; ci caoett ciopoHUy HHAepj[aHACsoe apasH- 
xejbCTBO, y6i&AHBmHCby qio {^paei^yscBiK opoesrB ee o^oÓpaeTCfl 
ApyrHMH A^psasaMH, bsajo nasa;^ CBoe cor.iacie h oiJxj^HaiaibHO 
uoTHBHpoBaJO Cfiofi OTBas^B T^Mi coo6paseHÍeMi, HTO ^paaipfl ee 
HcnojiHHjia cBoero ofifldaxejiBCTBa uoAroTOBHTb corjiameHie cb Bep- 

JUlHOMl. 

/I,o6biia ycKOJibSHyja h3'b pyKi HanojteoHa III; — ^^axe 9Ta 
CByAHaa AofiH^a, --^KaKi BupasaeTCfl Ilbep-b ^e-JIa TopcrB, — nota- 
aajacb cjhidkomi RpynuoH) ^fl $paHi^ÍH", htó acho CBHA^Teib- 
CTBOBajo 061 efl DOCTeneHHOMi yHHseHÍH. ^paHi^yscRÍfi asropi 
BHAHrB npHCBopÓHoe, uecnpaBeAiiHBoe yHHseHÍe bi HeBOSMoaiHOCTH 
AJfl ^paei^iH npio6ptcTb b'b MHpeoe BpeMH Kasyfo-TO HHTrosHyio ^y? 
syH) oÓJiacTb, CB Hace^eHieMi bi ab'Icth Tuc&wh qaiOBÍBí; h diorb 
se aBTopi HaxoAHTb, ^to $paHi^ÍH npHSBaHa oxpaHflXb H^ee npaBa vh 
EBpoa'6 H sacxynaxbCfl sa cjiaóuxi npoxHBi CHJibHBix^b, h .^xo bo hiu 
axott BucoBofi mhccíh OHa oSasaea ($iLaa ocxanoBHXb nepBUfl aaouú 
DpyccÍH QO oxHomeHÍK) bi MajieHBSoi ^anÍH. He nojiy^HBi JIiok- 
ceHÓypra, BonpeBH HaMeBaici h BOCBeHBuiii ofižn^auiflMi Ehc- 
Mapsa, HanojeoHx III, no MU'lHÍfo Ilbepa ^e-Ja-Popca, hh^^ 
npaao cqexaxb ce<5fl sepxBOK) MHCTU({)HBai^ÍH hih JiOBymBH, — xoxa 
HHBaBofl BflCMapBi He Bi CHJiaxi ÓEiJi 6u HCQOJHHTb xo, 9x6 ee 
AonycBajocb exHHojiyniHUMx rojocoMi repifaHCBofi HaI^H h ea co- 
snaxejiBBUMH HHxepecaMH, HpaBcxBeHHUMH h nojiHxeqecBHMH. Ha- 
DOjeoHi III úujvh opraBH^ecBH Hecnocofieni noHHMaxb moxhbh h 
HHxepecbi HpaBCXBeHHaro nopa^Ba, h oxxoro ohi xaBi qacxo o6Ma- 
HUBa.icfl Bi> cBOHXi HHcxo-BH'6inHHX'B BOMÓHHauíflxi H paBc^exaxi. 
E(UH se coBpeMeHHbie ^paHuyscBÍe Qaxpioxu, bi pOA^ Dbepa 
Ae-Ja-Fopca, ne Moryxx oxp^mHXbca oxi MesxyHapoAHuxx bsfjui- 



DigitÍ2édbyC:iOOQlC 



UWh fiCTOPlH BTOPO& HMnEřlH. 733 

jipvb H MeHTEHifi BTopolt EMnepÍH, TO 3X0 ABjíeHie npeACTaBjflerB 
Maio yriniHTejiBHaro jsflň ^paniiiH. 

IlBept A^-JIa-ropcL BOCXBajifleTb <]^paHi^y3CKyH) AHnjOMaTiio sa 
efl HCKycfloe orcTyn^eme wh JioBceHCyprcROirE Bonpoc^. HecMOTpa 
Ha myiťB, noAHaiHfi bi repMaBiH, .napescKÍň ESkÓEnevb chj^^AT^ 
;ko KOHi^a coxpaHHTB caMoo(3jaAaHÍe, CAepsHBaa cboh caMEia sa- 
BOHHUfl Tpe6oBaHÍfl H cofijioAafl Bdb npaBHira ÓJiaropasyMÍfl''. Mh- 

HRCTp^L HHOCTpaHHHXl K^JLl* SaflBJIflJIl, HTO ^paHIUfl He CTpeMHTCfl 

B^L saBoeBaHÍflMt h He HysA&6TCfl B^ HHxi; j^ecjiH BeiHBoe rep- 
i^orcTBO OTAaaocB 6u Han^b, — roB^pHii ohi A^^e, — mei oxotho 
npHHfljiH 6u napoAHoe sejanie; ho npio()p']kTeHÍe ho cocToaďocb, 
H dTOTB ýaBTB HacTOJibKO HesBa^HiejieHi), HTO Hs^b-sa Hero ne 
CTĎHTb ccopHTScfl AepsaBaifi. ^paHoia Moserb OTBasaTbca orb 
CA^BH, ($631 ocoÓeHHaro a^a ce6fl ymep6a; o^eaBO, ne saÓOTHCb 
O pacinepefliH CBoefi leppHTopÍH, ona oo Bpafieefi uibp^ CHHxaerb 
ce6fl oÓBsaHBOH) o^esoeqHTb ea 6e3oaacHOCTb". IIodTOMy ^pani^ys- 
CBoe npaBHTejibCTBO, oipesaflCb otb JIioBceH^ypra, noTpefioBajio, 
htoCki h Ilpyccifl c% CBoefi ciopoHU yAasHJia OTiy^a CBofi rapan- 

30B'b. KaB% HH 06hAH0 6UJ10 Afffl npyCCaBOBl BilBOAHTb CBOH BOň- 

CKa H8i Bp'lnocTH, BOTopyio OHH saHHiiajH oaTbAecarb Ji-l^rb, ho 
ara ycTynsa 6ujia neoóxoAHMa jí,m BsÓ^i^anifl BofiHu, h fijaroAapa 
nocpeAHHHecBHiťb ycHJtiaiťB B']&HCBaro sat^HEeia yxa^ocb AoéxHrHyxb 
lupnaro cor^amenifl. Qo npoAJioseHiH) Poccíh coanana 6iua mosaj- 
HapoAHaa BOH4^peH^ia9 a^a yperyjapoBaHÍa cnopnaro Bonpoca, h 
notJíi qexfiipexAHeBHjbixi coB'ln;aBÍ&, npoHCxoAHBmHxi bi JIohaoh'^^ 
B^ iia'6 1867 roAa, o&b cxopoHH bíihlih hsi BpHXHiecBaro hojo- 

SeHÍfl Cb OAHHaBOBUMl 9yBCXB0Jf!b BSaHHHOň BpasAH. 

Qb Tix'b nopi ^papi^ia h Ilpyccifl cxaiH MOii^a roTOBHXbca 
wb poBOBofi 6opb6t, ^Hcxo-AHHacxH^ecBofi AJifl HanojeoHa ÍR h 
BnoJH^ HauioHajibHofi mu BHOiapsa. BesnpiiCTpacxHaa Hcxopiii axott 
6opb6u eiue ne HanHcana, h Bcero MeH'le oaa Mosexi fiuxb nanHcaHa 
^pani^y^OMi), a^^a Boxoparo pasrpom Bxopoň HiinepÍH ecxb bi to xe 
BpeMa BejiHBoe nopasenie $paHqÍH. Bi xpyAt Ilbepa Ae-JIa-ropca 
Hasoseme coÓEixifi aoboacho noaa ao xoro nepioAa, BorAa ýpaniityscBoe 
DpaBHTasbCTBO BOie6ajocb nesAy AByna npoTHBonojiosHiuiH na- 
HpaBdieHiflMH H, BCTyoHB'b Ha nyTb niHpoBHXi BHyTpeHHHXx pe- 
4K>pM'b, ne noBHAajo h cxaparo nyxu Cb ero nary^HUMH TpaAH- 

I^HMH H HJ[JlI03ÍflMH. 

JI. CjOHMMCBlfi. 



Tom* T.— Omjibpb, 1902. 4 7/20 



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IIBPBLIB BAHKT) 

KYCTAPEĚ 



Kyt^apnaji BUCTasBa h cbi&js,'b ^'i^TeJiefi no KycTapHoi npoMunueH- 
HOCTH vb nereptfypri BUSBajrH hí^crojbeo B3AaHÍĚ, nocBAiiieHHiixi Ha- 
meŘ RycTapHoA npoMEnnjieHHOCTH h cBasaHHmrb ci nefi y^pea^ji^eHiainb, 
Vb Towb HHCJit „OqepRi>ji^Tejii>HOCTH nepMCKapo KycrapHO-npoMuiiueH- 
Haro 6aHKa 3a BpeM« ero cymecTBOBaHia" (1894 — 1901 rr.) ^). Bíoěkl 
dTOTh ecTB eAHHCTBeBHoe vb cBoeMi po;^ y^pe»AeHÍe bi Poccíh h yse 
no dTOHy o^noHy sacjysHBaen, hto^u na nero 6iuo o6pan^eHO bhh- 
vaHÍe. Hs^annijS se 6anB0irB onepsi ero jífbsnejihnocm coAepsHTi, 
KpoMi Toro, B^KOTopue 4)aRTB, xapaETepnue wb coiqajiBHó-fitíTOBOinb, 
xasi cRasaTb, OTHomemn. Mu naMtpeBaeiicfl, nodTOMy, ocranoBETLCfl na 
dToiTb Hs^anÍH H no3HaROMHTL HHTaTejifl cb xapasTepoifb jí,^STexbBoan 
6anRa h HtBOTopuMH oÓcTO^TejiBCTBaMH ero y^pesA^nifl h nocjrfiiityD- 
n;aro pa3BHTÍfl. 

^InraTejL ne safiujTE, 6íitb Mo»erB, pí^H oAHoro ry6epHaTopa ' npn 
OTEpHTÍH 3eMCRaro coópank, piqn, wb RoropoĚ offB npe^ocTeperaj^B zem- 
nfiwb npoTnB'B ^pesM^pnaro noA^Hnemfl seMCRHXi flíbjii> BJriaHiK) cjysa- 
n^Hxi Wb seMCTBt no naiiMy, chjtbhhxi CBoeĚ HHTejiJiHreBTHocTBK) h Hxefl- 
HocTBD H cnocoÍHHxi, óy^TO 6h, ÓjraroAapa axoMy, yBjíe^ seMCTBO Ha 
nyTB pHCR0BaHHUx'B H HenpaRTuqecEHXi ui^oůpumŘ. 

P&?B 3Ta 6uja EHTepecea vb toitb oTHomeniH, ^to eK) o^Nt^HiqajBHo 
ROECTaTHpyercfl najiH^HocTB <{>aRTa 3aM'bTHaro H^ežnaro bjLíhíjí na seiícEUi 
jí^kuBi co cTopoBu nocTopoHHAro dJieMenra, npHdBaHnaro, noBHAHMOMy, jbdib 



^) nepHCKifi KycTapHo-npoMuiiueHHHfi óohei ry(^pHCKaro seMCTBa. Ilepia. 1903. 



Digitized by 



Google 



XPOHHKA. — nEPBHĚ BAHRl ^fl RyCTAPEfi. 735 

VB npocTO¥y BunojHeHÍD bsbícthiixi cjiys($i vb pavicarB, oiipeA'i^e* 
mixx seMCRHMH co(5paHÍa]fH h ynpaBaMH, a b% JctícTBHTejrbHOCTH abjmd- 
u^arocfl HHBI^aTopolrB HOBOBBeAeaia, BAOXHOBirrejieirB aeMCBHxi A^are- 
jefi Kh 6opB(S% 3a xjmayt^ nocTanoBBy seMcsaro A'i^a. Bcero HCH-be 
iipoHBjfleTCfl BjiflHie 9Toro dJieiieHTa, sasKercji, b% seMCBoň MeAHiQfHi h 
^eMCBOĚ craTHCTHBii. B% 6ojn»iiiHHCTBÍb cjiyqaeBi neHHO seMCsie Bpa^H 
:flBJiHK>TCH HHHipaTopaMii iipeo6pa30BaHÍfl A'i^ĚcTByi>iu;eft opraHHsai^H ve- 
AHUHHCEoft qacTH; HiTB npHxoARTCA noA^acB o^eiíB AOJTO H ynopHO 6e^ 
poTBCH CB sem^aMH sa jiy^myK) nocTaHOBRy seMcKaro se jsíkíA, BCTynaTB 
vh ROHi})jrHBTii[ CB seMCBHMH co6paHÍfl]fH H yupaBaifH, JinnaTBCfl iraorAa 
irbcra, bo vh Ronot rohi^ob^ Bce-TaBH notite^aTB, noroMy tto vh j^an- 
BOVB cjiyqaib OHH aajuiDTca npe^cTaBHTeJiHMH habh ryMaHHOCTH h oóo^e- 
^^B6HHaro HHTepeca. £iii;e ci 66jBniHirB iipH6jiHseHÍevB rx HCTHHt 

MOSHO CRasaTB, HTO OÓpaSI^OBEIfl H3CJÍA0BaHm SeMCKOň CTaTHCTHRH JIBH- 

•niCB y Hac* Ó^aro^apa Tony, hto aeMCTBO jícnycriLio bi cpe;íy cbohxx 
jT&flTejieň MHorHxi HHTejJHreHTHiix'B jihitb h ho BocnpenATCTBoÍBaio 
HirB noBecTR cooTB^TCTByDíi^ia H8CjrfiA0BaHÍA Ha nyTH, yRasHBaeiíoiFB 
mHpoRHiTB HayHHO-oón^ecTBeHHuiix HHTepecoiTB. ?T0 oTHomeHÍA uesAy 

SeMCTBOlTB H 61*0 CJiySaiUHMH HS ÓWIVI OTHOIDeHÍeirB TOJBRO HaHHMaTe- 

jiefi wb HaeiiHHRaifB, ^ro aro 611IJ111 cnjiomB h phj^oitb OTHomeHia xapaR- 
Tepa IIpHH^HIríaJ[BHaro h oÓn^ecTBeHHaro, OTHomeHÍJi Asyxi chjtb, "racro 
eojraxapHuxx, no BpeiieHaMi Bpa^BAOÓHiixi — rooboheo AOBasuBaeTCJi 

CTOJIKHOBeHiflMH SeMCRHXIb C06paHÍfi H yiipaBl Ch SeMOKHMH Bpa^ailH, HJTO 

craTHCTHRaMH, CTOJiRHOBeHÍĚ, pasurpufiaBinHxcx Ha noqat npHHE^HDiaiB- 
"Hofi H HiríbBniHXik HBorAa cjťkjifiTEievh norojioBHoe ocraB^enie cjiysRa- 

H^MH CB0HX'B lebCTh, COaUKOHie Tpy^OBX aeiICRHXI^ CTaTHCTHROBl HApy- 

TÍH npoHBJíeHÍA EacTOHn^efi napriftHofi 6opB6u. 

Bujo 6u o^eHB HHTepecHo paBXflCHHTB, noveny HMeHHO wb seucTvb 
(npoBHHi^iajibHoifB), a ho b'b ropoACROM^B ynpaBJfemH, o6HapysHBaeTCH 
^airbTHoe nporpeccHBHoe bjiíheío nocTopoBH^ro cjiyaReónaro dJieHeHra. 
He ocTaHaBJBBaflCB, o^naRO, na dTOM'B Bonpocb vh RacToaiipfi MOMeerB, 
MU zsMifFiAWh, ?T0 HO oóomjiocB 6681 TaRoro bjiíahía h AiJto opraHHsa- 
i^H Rpe;i;HTa j^jsh RycTapeň bi» nepMCRoA ry6epHÍH. 



Bx.1876 r., Ha ^ojshoctb CTaTHCTHRa nepMCRaro ryfiepHCRaro 3eM- 
•CTBa ÓajiTí npHrjrameHi^ E. H. KpacHonepoBX, h aro npHrjianieHie— no 
cJioBaiTB npaBJíeHlH nepMCRaro RycTapHo-npoMumjieHHaro Óanaa — „wb 
HCTopin pa3BHTÍa nepMCRaro EycxapHHqecTBa cocTaBiuio anoxy. HeyTo- 
MHMuň TpyaeHHRX, E. H. KpacHonepoB'B (ynepx bx 1897 r.) marB 3a 
maroiTB vb npoAOJseHÍe ABaji;i^aTH jrbrb pasBepTUBajTB RapTHHy oroho- 
XH^eCRaro nojrosemfl RycTapefi; marB aa niaroM'B BUacHajiacB bch hxi^ 

47* 



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lÁii fiftCTHMKl £BřOim. 

éesnoHODD^HocTB wb 6oyh6i cb RaQHTaioi(:b. íyxEO npHCjymHfiaacB ir^ 
flysAaiTK sycTapefi, npHTJiaAUBaact* k^ rbub cj^piiajfB, vb EaKÍa ohm 
opraHHSOB&sHCb Bi) 6opB6£ c^ RanHT&soirb, droTb nepe^oBod SHaToss 
KycTapHH^ecTBa npnmejrb b^ mucjih, ^to eAHHCTfieHHuifb modus vivendi 
KycTapA ABjaeTCii BOonepaTMBaafl 4>op^& npoHSBOxcTBa h c6uTa, C03AaTi> 
EOTopys) njTewb yqpe^A^Hia A^meBaro spejpira, aprejeft h BycTapsux-B 
c&iaAOBii ]ipii3BaH0 BeMcrso'' („IlepifCEiů KycTapHO-npoMuou. óaacb ry6. 
seMCTBa^, cTp. 4)... n^MCKoa seMCTBo nepBOHaqajBHo y^peAHJio jiajíflue 
H ryÓepHCsie „ROMHTeru ji^Jiíi coaMctbía ceibCROny xosaficTBy, Rycrap- 
Hoň H ApyrHMi oTpacJiaM^ npoMunueHHocTH'', rjraBHoa uikjibV) Eoropux^ 
61UO coaMctbíb HMeHHo RycrapHOMy npoHaaoACTBy. Ho Tajeb RaR% óeaíb 
RpeAHTa dTH yqpe2ttA6HÍa ae mof^h ORasaTb KycTapflM'b cyo^ecTBeHHoft 
noHoni;H, to RpacHoneposrb nocraBiLU ce6i sa^a^ieft aoóhtbcji opraHM- 
3ai4H MejRaro RpoAHTa BycTapHin>. 

^aRTOMi, npH6j[ii3HBnuiirb ocyin^ecTBjíeHie ero haoh, 6iua chÓhpcro- 
ypajBCRaa nay^Haa sucraBRa Bb £RaTepHH6ypr& wb 1887 roAy. »£& 
sycTapHufi 0TA'&rb Bo-o^riio noRadaJii, RaRoe sasHoe SHaqesie HMterB 
RycTapH&a npomnnjieHHOcTb wb Rpa:b... HarjraAHO nocTHraa dry Bas- 
HOCTb, Bci BH&iM, 9T0 RycTapH pa6oTaK)rB Bb TAJnejnisb ycjoBiax^b Obx- 
HOCTH, H3%-8a RycRa x^6a, 6e9b bcaroA aoMOI^H co CTopoHU HayHHoň 

TeXHHRH H RanHTaJia. Bci CXOAHJIHCb B-B HUCJIH — «{tirb-HH6yAB nOifOHB 

RycTapjufb, HO ^ŠMi HMOHEO — 9T0 Óujío BOiipocoMi, Tpe6oBaBmHMi> pt- 
meHÍE. CoBAaBajiocb, xaRHirb o6pa8oifb, kb HHTe.iJuireuTHOĚ cpe^i h3- 
BtcTHoe HacrpooHie, ropa^o noMopsHBaeMoe MtcTHož npeccoĚ, Hanpa- 
soHEocTb ROToparo ofiesneHEBa^a otshb^hboctb o6ni;ecTBeHHaro iCH'lEÍff 
Ha BCJiRiň npoeRTB hcromoě homoe^e, Jinmb 6u ohI) aaRjiDHaji b^ ce6i 
wbvro peajiBHoe, a ne o6HqBUE 6jiarosejiaTejBSBia (|>pa3B[. ^yBCXBOBa- 
jiacB noTpe6HocTB se wb RHErfa, ECflen^peEEoĚ ují^feMR, a bi shboitb 
cjioB% yfitsAOSHoi, ROMaereHTEoň pi^iE, ROTopafl ocB^THja 6u bohíd- 
^^E EysAu RycTapeň h yRasa^a 6u na BOSMoacHua cpe^cTBa sb eocejo- 
sony flxi yAOBJíeTBopemD. Otb^toitb sa ary EOTpe^EocTB nocjrysEJE 
nyfijiE^BHE jiori^h npE6uBniEX'B Ha BUCTasEy cb passuxi rohi^obi jusn;b*'^. 
Fr. TapacoBi, RETaoBi e ApcenBOBi buecheje niEpoRoe pacnpocrpa- 
HOHie RycTapHoň npoMumjieHHocTE wb Poccíe e yRasajiE na Mipu boc- 
noco6j[eHÍE, npEHEMaBmiEca h^rotopume flíbaTejiaMK. IIocjri^AHEa se 
jieRipji — KpacsonepoBa — „EBEJiacB cEETesoMx npeA^BEAyn^Exi. Bci cp^A- 
CTBa BOcnoco6jieHÍE RycTapnoň npoMBimjreHHocTH boelie vb ary jieRipi), 
RaR^B ^acTE vb ašjioe*". C^eI^aJBHUM'B se ea npeAMeTOMx 6ujl bo- 
npocB 06^ y?pea;2(eHÍE ajia Rycrapeň seMCRaro 6asRa. 



RpacHonepoB^ ne orpaHE^H^cfl OAHEiťB pasBETÍeirB v^eE sexcKaro 
RpeAETHaro y^pesABnia. Owb yRasajii h na cpoACTBa a^e ocyniecisie- 



GooQÍe 



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XPOHHRA. DEPBWft BAHKTi Jt.Tíf RFCTAPEft. 737 

Hia 3Toro wpejíjípisnia, npejo^oasHirB o<5paTirn» Ha eero icanHrajTE, o^^pa- 
^BaHHufl nepMCRHiTB ry6. seMCTBoirb bi^ 1881 r., vh nanATB no^Hsinaro 
HvnepaTopa AjieKcaHApa II, ch rbštb, htoóu npoqeHTU (?b woro BanHTaia 
yuorpeójiAJiHCB Ha Rasoe-jniÓo nojeanoe aja HacejreHiA y^pes^i^eHie. Bi 
BHíy orpaHH^eHHUji'b pa3irhpoB% KanHrajia (60.000 py6.), seifCKoe co- 
<$paHÍ6 nojoHCHjro xaTB eny saRoe-JHÓc HasHa^enie, nocjiii Toro Kasi owb 
Hapocxen jo 300.000 py6. 8to vocraHOBJíeHie cjyanjio, itasaiocB, ne- 
npeoAOJrBMuiTB npenaTCTBieiťB ocyn^ecTBjíeHiK) npoeKTa KpacHoneposa, 
HO ójaroj^apfl TOMy, hto ero Hjíea Bussajia ropa^iee co^iyBCTBie npex- 
cbxBtrejia ry6epHCK0ft aeMCBoS ynpaBu, K. ň. IlepiiaROBa, ynoiiaHyToe 
4K)pMa^Hoe npenaTCTBie 6ujio ycrpaneHo, cocTaaieHHufi KpacHonepo- 
BHiTE npoeBTB ycTaBa 6aHKa BHeceffb wh ry6epHCRoe seifCRoe co6paHÍe 

H noSjli Hi^ROTOpUX^B OFO H81fÍHeHÍĚ, OCeHBI) 1888 F., np6j(CTaBJieH'B Ha 

yTBepxAeHíe npaBHrejiLCTBa. yTBepxAenie aro noarb^OBajio tojibro ^e- 
pe9i nflTB ji%Tb, AA H dTorb cpaBHHTeJTLHO 6jiaronpiJiTHbtft hcxojtb npaBJíe- 
fiie nepMCRaro 6aHRa npHHHcuBaer& coA:iftcTBÍK) neTepÓyprcRaro oti^e*^ 
CTBa JUA coaMctbíh pyccRofi ToproBji H npovumJieHHocTH h ero npej- 
ei^aTejA A. A. HcaeBa, a TaK»e ^jena coB*Ta mraHcrpa ^ocyJ^apcTBeH- 
VLUVh KMjmfi(?rvh $. H. Kopojiena. 

He 0C066HHO y^acTjHBo OTHecjiHCB vb 6aHRy o4M{)HuiajrBHiiA nerepóypr- 
ckíh cí^epii H Vh Towh cjyqat, Ror^ía, npe^BHAH óucrpoe HCTOHíeHie co6- 
CTBeHHaro RanHraia (114.000 py6.), KycTapHo-npoMunijieHHHĚ 6aHRns 
HOjucepsaHHuft BencRHirB co6paHÍeirB, bobuj xfiJFb vb 1894 r. xoAaTaĚCTBO 
o paspfoneHÍH evy RpexHTOBaTBca b^ rocy^apcTBenHoiTB 6aHr6 na ycjo- 
híax^b cneitíajiBHaro TeRymaro c^era b^ cymrb 172.000 py6. no hohh- 
seHHOMy npoiieHTy (3°/o). FocyAapcTBeHHUft 6aHRT», BAVb to cjyqaercH bi 
OTHomeHiax% ci vejiRHMH RjneHTamr, TAHyjTB jtfbxo i^knixi j^Ba roja h 
Bi KOHi^ROHUOBi otbítrjii Ha xoxaTaĚCTBo OTRasoiTB. TojTBRo ÓJiaro- 
j^apfl nporeRiqH npeAcijaTOJiH Rycrapnaro ROMHTOTa MHHHcrepcTBa aeiue- 
jiíkásij rpa4>a A. A. Bo6pHHCRaro, nepvcROMy 6aHRy OTRpiirB 6ujrh ne- 
<(ojn»nioft RpoAHTB Ha nocpeAHn?ecRHx% ocHOBaHÍAxi hbi 5^/o. 

Ho ecjH o4>4>HUÍajiBHiifl c4>epu no oTHomeHin kb RycTapHo-npoMu- 
mjieHHOify Óanny HrpajH no npeniryn^ecTBy orpanHqHrejiBHyi) pojiB, to 
ipaRi-HasuBaeifui nocToponniE BJreiieHTB vb seMCTffb, RjaocB 8eiiCRHX'B 
cffysamHrB, <}K)pHajrBHo HHKaRoro OTHomenin Kb óanRy ne HBrbioniHXT*, 
npoHBHJTB ropa^ee y^acTÍe r'b ero cyAB&b h HrpaeTi> HeiiajioBasHyH) 
pojB Vb npaBHJBHoiTB xoxb ero jífkjn>. jI,'&j[o kb toitb, (ito, nwba itLibk) 

OKaSHBaTB RpejHTB HlfeHHO ByCTapHlTB H HCRJTDqRTeJIBHO Ha oóopoTHua 

epexcTBa, CTaBH ce&b Bwbcrb cb tíitb sa^a^eň HOJuepasHBaTB cairocTOfl- 
TejiBHBfxi npoHSBOAHTe^eň, a ne ^RenjroaTaTopoBi qyacoro Tpyj^a, h CTpe* 
MflCB Vb TOMy, ^To6u ccyja nonajia vb pyRH Jívin^b Rpej^HTOcnocotfHuxi, 
seifcKiĚ 6aHBib Mosen yjoBJíeTBopHTB TpefioBanie ccjJUh ne Hna^e, RaRi 



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738 ^ BMTHHBl SBPOnU. 

00 TD^aTejbHoiTb HSCJ^OBaniH xo3flĚCTB6Hqaro coctouhía npocHTejeĚ h 
uoA^h ycJioBieirB HaÓJDAemfl sa npasiUBHOCTBK) pacxoAOBaBÍA noj^y^ee- 
Hux'b KycrapeiO) cpe^cTBi. „EcjuÓh opoh3boactbo MtcTHun* hscjíAao- 
BaHÍfi jesajio Ha o6flsaHHOCTH npaBJíeHiji 6aHRa, Rasb to nepBona^ajbHo 
npoAnoJiarajiocB, to xase npn caMom ^^^hflTejBHOirB y^acrÍH soiickhxi. 
ynpaBib h cjysamnxx seiícTBa, pasBHrie onepaiiid Čassa Óujo 6u h6- 
B09M0SH0, TaKB isBSffb pacxoAu Ha noisAKM ne ORynajracB 6u npoi^eHTaMH^ 
BBHiiaeiniMH no ccy^aiTB*'. JI.iĚCTBHTejiBHO, npH cpeAnem pasirbpi ccyxu 
E9b nepifcsaro 6aHBa fb 83 py6., npouoHTH cocTaBJíflDTi 6 py6. 64 son. 
Bi roA'B; no^Ba «e Ha jiícto a&so tojbko 8a 60 — 70 BopcTB ctohtb 
7 — 8 py6. SoMcsit 6aHK% Ed&bxAJFb dToro pacxo^a tíicb, ^o o6paTHJicji 
Kb M^^HuiTB SHTeguiirB ch opoAJiosenieirB c^tjiaTBCJi óesBoaifesAHO arén- 
TaMH ÓaHBa h hcdojhatt* sa Hero Heo($xo3;H]ruA ({^yanipH Ha MtcraxB. 
B% nepBiiiň se roA^ Ha npHsuBi 6aHKa OTSJHRHyjiocB 208 jomib, a b^ 
HacTOAHi^ee npeiui ÓanirB HjrberB na ]rbcTax'B 230 aroHTOBi, 6o4Binafl 
nojioBHHa KOTopux'B cocTOHT^ h3:b yHHTejeĚ, Bpa^eĚ, arpOHOMH^eCEHTB. 
GtforpHTejei h Apyrnx^B jhi^, coctouh^xi na cjiys6i seMCTBa. 3th 
areHTU „nonyjrapHSHpoBajH cpe^H HacejeHiA saAa^H 6aHBa, npHBjeicajH 
saeim^HROBi, AOCTasjAJiH cffbA^HU o paóoqeA oprannsaipH apoMucjiOBS 
H HMy^]cecTBeH^o]rB nojosenÍH npocHTejeň, HaÓJBAa^H sa npaBHJBHUirB 
ynorpoÓjreHÍeifi nojiyHeHHUXi ccyA^B h, rjasnoe, abj&ihcb nocTOjiHHuifR 
nocpeAHHBaMH nesAy ÓansoirB h ri^m HacejemeiTB, pa^H ójarococToasia 
soToparo y^pes^enB 6ují% h caiiuft éaajKB. A ooTOHy, 6edfh npeyBejH- 
qenifl M0»HO CRasaTB, ^to ocjh sycTapHOiiy Óausy y^ajocB paasHTB cbok 
onepaiuH h cA^aTB Epe^HTi AOCTyuHUirB am Bycrapefi h ne^opornirB^ 

TO dTHlTB OH^ O^ASaH^ HpOSAe BCerO A'Í^TeJBH0CTH arCHTOBO^ H TOMy 

cepAeqHOMy oTHomem© kb jkisj.—vb cymnocTH BecBMa cjioanoiiy h Kpo- 
noTJHBOvy, — BaBoe ohh hpohbjhídtb'' (exp. 35— 86)... 

06i ycíťbTb me ^'biiTejiBHocTH óansa mosho cy^arB noroMy, ^to yse 
Ha BTopoň Toxb ero cyoiecTBOBaHin cnpoci na ccjm npeBucHJTB BABoe 
ero KanHTaji^B; hto ei 1698 r. owh pasBHJii cboh onepaiýH ao Masci- 
MajBHaro npe^^a, AonycitaeMaro ycTaBoirb; ^to obi ne Hecen noTrii 
HOTopb orB HeHcnpaBHOCTH saeMflMiBOBi H B% xeneHie ceiiH iÍTh yBOJH- 
HHJTB CBoň BanHTa3i» ci 114.000 py6. ao 128.000 py6., t.-€u hohtk 
Ha 12Vo. 

BasHuiTB npenjiTCTBieirB na nyTH A^^HMinaro pacmupenifl onepa- 
nxt 6aHBa cjysHTB § 6 ero ycTjaBa, corjacHO soTopony ^o6mjdL HTon» 
oÓJisaTeiBCTBi 6aHRa (BBjíaAOBi h saSifOBi) ne ^oJiseni npeBumaTB 
ooHoftHoi H 3anacHoft RanHTajni ÓaHKa 6oJiie, hími, vh no^Topa pasa''. 
OrpaHHqenie aro BBeA6H0 kb ycTaBi, noBHAHXoify« BonpesH npcti^nojo- 
xeniaiťB sevcTBa, kb npoeBTi Boroparo, npeACTaBjOHHoirB na yTsep- 



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Google 



XPOHHBA. — QEPBUfi BAElBl fl^Aň ByCTAPEfi. 739 

SAeHÍe noAJesaiQHx^B d^epbj oTHomeme BEJia^o^raaro h saeiraaro reiih- 
TaioBi» Ki BanHTajairb 5aHKa onpeA^JflJiocb sasi 5: 1. BurcTpoe hcto- 
H^eme cpeACTBi 5aHKa, o6ycjiOBJieHHoe axHirb 0aparpa(|>o]rB, h 6iuo 
npH^HHoft BosÓysAeeiá fl 1894 r. xo^aTadcTBa o pasptmeBÍH nepucBOMy 
6aHBy KpeAHTOBaTbCA vb 6aHst rocy^apcTBeHEoiTB Ha ycjoBÚixi cne- 
qiajBHaro Tesyn^ro c^era bi cymrb ao 172.000 py6. Xo^aTaicTBO dTO, 
KaKB csasaHO Bume, uojjimjio oncadi, h sevcKOMy 6aHBy óujte otbputb 
Tojnbjso nocpeAHHqecKÍfl xpejuiTB B'b cyinrb 10.000 py6., 3aTÍM'b 15.000 
py(5. H, HaKonem, »b 1901 r. — bi cyiarfe 25.000 py6. íto Kacaercíi oiie- 
paípĚ sa CHerb coócroeHHaro xaiiHTajKa Óansa, to yse kb 1898 r. oiA 
AOCTHrJTH npeA^ja, AonycKaeMaro ycraBoiirb. GotícTBeHEuň KanHTajrB^ 
6aHKa paBHUca vh aro BpeMH 122.000 py6.; BBJíaAU h safisoi, no ycTa- 
By, He MorjH npeBOCxoAHTb 183.000 py6.; Bct oóopoTHUA cpe^CTBa Óansa 
cocraBjaiH noaroMy obojo 300.000 py6., a cnpoci» hobuS Ha ccy^H vb 
9T0in> roAy aoctstb 338.000 py6. J^ajBHMmee pacmEpenie A'6flTaiBH0CTH 
6aHKa Morjio npoHCXOXHTB joaah sa c^erB ecTecTBennaro pocxa ero co6- 
CTBeHHUxi KaniraJOBi h cooTB'&TCTBy]Dii^aro yBejnraeHia KanHxajOB^ 
saeMHUxi, ^TO cocraBjflerB no npHÓJTHSHTejiBHOMy pasc^ery BoapocTame 
očopoTHUX^b cpe^CTB^ Ha 5.625 py5. wb fqa^b. Tpe6oBaHÍe aie ccyA'B 
pocrerb ropasAO ÓucTpie. CocTaBJHa vb 1895 r. 230.000 py6., oho ooa- 
HJBíJOCL Bi 1896 r. Mfi 247.000 py6., paBnajiocB b^ 1897 r.—281.000 
py6., BTb 1898 r.— 338.000 py6., bx 1899 r. (ne^opoAi)— 427.000 py6. 
H vb 1900 r. — 345.000 py($. y^OBJíeTBopeHie nojiynájio h^cbojibko 6oj^ 
nojioBHHU 8THx^ Tpe6oBaHÍi, a 3a comb jiítb ji^bsLieibEOCTK 6aHBa 9.736-tii 
sycTapAirb BU^ano 6ujio vb saĚMU 1.092.000 py6. Bi 19Q0 r. o6opoi^ 
no BUAaTi^ ccjxh npeBumaxB 500.000 py6.: sa saeifn^HKaiiH cocroaja 
274.000 py6., a yDjaHeao h OTcpo^eHO 6ujro 247.000 py6. 

ysasaHnoe nanpjiateHie oóopoTHUxi* cpoACTBi* óansa HeH36i»HO bu- 
XBHraJo Ha o^epe^B Bonpoci o toitb, saRofi hojihthkh ji^psAnca Óamcy 
Vb Te^Hie ero Rocjrbp,y¥>m.eŘ A'i^TejBH0CTH: „AaTB jih bosmoshoctb, 
nyreiTB BUjiaTB noBTopHUxi ccyAi, TBep^o ctohtb na Horax'B, rbm sy- 
crapaiTB, Boropuicb nepnafl ccy^a noMor.ia noAHATbCJi, hjh xe oBasuBaTL^ 
novoniB HOBUiTb npocHTaiairB, 6e3i TBepAoS yB^peHHOCTH, ^to BpeAHrB 
6aHBa oBaxerb cyn^ecTBeHnyx) nojTBdy". BaHBs pimnjicfl Ha nocji^Anee 

H npHHflXB B006íOfi Mipu Kb TOMy, ^TOÓU CCy^B BUAaBBJaCB B03M0SH0 

66jibm6ify ucjiy npocHraieS. Bb dTurb BH^axi* oMy npHniJOCB coBpaxHTB. 

CpOBH CCyA^B H paSApOÓJATB HO BOSMOSHOCTH CaMUfl ccy^Bi, T.-e. yAOBje- 

TBopaTB npeHMym^ecTBeHHo nanóojite nejiBHx^B npoHSBOAHTaieĚ. H aí&^ 
CTBHTeiBHO, cpeAHÍň paaiftp^ ccy^u hsi ro^a BTb roA'B yMeHBmaercx h 
cocraBLi&rB 122.000 py6.; bi 1894 r. oh^ onycTHJca ao 75.000 py6., h.ih 
Ao 587o nepBonaqajbHoň cyMMM wb 1900 r. HcnpanrHBaeifaA ccyAa 
BpeBumaeirB BHAaHHyx), Bb cpoAnem, ho^th b'b iVs pasa. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



740 BftCTHHKl EBPOnU. 

CooTFbTCTBeHHo cospanieHÍD cpexHiTTO pasMipa ccjffi, yBeiH^HBa- 
jíocL ^Hcjío MejiBHX^b H yMeHBmajTocB ^Hcjo RpyuHuxii BH^avb. Hhcjio 
ccyA^ He Burrae 50 py6. cb IS^Io oómaro Ko^^ecTBa ccya> vb 1895 r. 
Boapocjio flfi 48Vo, Vh 1900 r. yBejíH^íHjrocB (ci 33 ao 40®/o) h ^hcjo 
ccyAi* OTB 50 AO 100 py6.; 6oJÍe ase BpynHWi ccy^u sHa^HTeiBHO co- 
KpaTH^HCB, Bt ToiTB HHCjit ccy^H BHioe 200 pytí. ci 15% o6ni;aro HHCJa 
BUAa^i* yMeHBmHJiHCb ao 0,7^ ^o; a Bu^ana vh ojíjFb pyRH Óoite 400 py6. 
cb 1897 r. BOBce npeRpaTHJiacB. TaRimi ofipasoiTB, bi> nocjrbAHÍe row 
offOJio nojiOBHHu BiiJiasaeMUJi^B RycTapnuiTB 6aHRoirB ccy^B He npees- 
maioTB 50 py6.; */5 ccy^t ROJieÓjnoTCH Mea^y 50 h 100 pyfi.; V« ne 
npeBOCXOAHTT» 200 py6., m 0,7^/o whim pasM^pu otb 200 ao 400 py6, 

Brott RjraccH<t)HRamei no pasM^py BUAaBaeuMxi CaHROirb ccy^^B vu 
noAxoAHMTi Ri Bonpocy o toitb, RaRÍe thah Rycrapeit — no opranaKy 
TpyAOBofl HXT> opraHHsauiH h no xosidtcTBeHHofi cocTOHTejiBHocTH — noA- 
AepsHBaerB, npeHvyn^ecTBenno, RycTapnufi ÓanRTB. BonpocB droTB npex- 
craBJflerB rÍMi> Óojilhiíě HHrepecrB, hto kb JHreparypiv i^RyjnpyerB 
y3R6 VHi^Hie o TOMi, ^To nopMCRÍft RyCTapEufi 6aHRi cnoco6cTByeTB, 
6yAT0 6h, KanHTajracTH^ecROĚ MeTaifop4K)3'& iieiRBX'B npovucjioBi — ^h bh- 
BOAHTCJT H81& dTOFo 3aRjiH)^eHÍe T^eTHOMi ycHjnH nouepsaTB RpeAH- 

T0M'B THDHqeCRHX^ liejlRHX'B np0H3B0AHTe^eň. 



IIo ycTaBy nepiicRaro RycTapnaro 6aHRa ccy^a Bii^aerca aprejmn 
H OTAtJLHuifb RycTapfliTB, Be^y^HiTB nponsBOACTBO CHjraMH CBOHXi ce- 
neĚ HJiH oÓpamaDn^HircH ri naeMHOMy Tpy^y jranrB irh cjn^^aAxi, vxb 
3T0 npencTaBjrAercA neo^xoAinfuirB no poxy npomicjia (nanp., naeiiHiit 
AyBajiBnwR-B y Ryaneita, noroHn;HRi» Jioma^eft y Macjio($OH h t. n.). TaRi 
RaRi wb nepMCRoň ryÓepHÍH SHa^rarejiBHoe pacupocrpanenie mrboTs 
npoMucju nocjŠAHflro po^a, to vb ^Hcjrb RjríeHTOBi 6aHRa coctohtb 
AOBOJiBHo snaHHTejiBHoe hhcjío RycTapett, paÓoraioniiHxi npn noMonqi 
HaeMHaro Tpy^a. 10.431 RycTapeft (ne CTOraa apxeje*), Bocnonaosaa* 
niHxcA ccyAOD h31 6aHRa b^ Te^enie ccmh or^ieTHHxi jtra, no TpyAO- 
Bo* opraHHsaiíiH npeAnpiaTifl, pacna^aroTCJf na cjrlAy»nua rpynnu: 67®/# 
saeMniHROBOb ne npmťbnaiOTB bobco naeMnaro Tpy^a; 5^/o mAwyn y^een* 
robi; 217o npHÓiraiorB BpeifeHHO Kb naAMy pa6o^iirB, h 6,6^/0 nojb- 
3yK>TCA naeMHuiTB rpy^ovT* nocTOAHHO. 6^ cynMŠ, HaeMHEiĚ aieiieHT^ 
cocTaBJíflerB ^4 ^acTB ofin^aro qncjra yqacTBHROBi vb npoHBBOACTBt, 
a ^U nocjT&AHHXTi npEHaAJesaxi ^Jienairb ceveň RycTapefi. B:b nocjlA- 
Hie voAU micjío daevn^HROBi^, npHM'bHAK)mixi vb npoHSBOACTBt Haemnit 
TpyAT>, coRpamaexcji, h m> 1897 — 1899 rr. y^acTByDnue wb npoHSBox* 
CTvb TOJibRo paóoqHMH CHiaHH cBOHxi ceMOfi cocTaBJfXJiH 7S^l4^/o. Tasot 
ae noiTH npcuenn, RycTapeS (73®/o), o6xoAaI^HX(yl 6e8T» HaeMBaro rpy^m 



GooQÍe 



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XPOHHRA. — nEPBHfi BAHKl ^Jlfl KFCTAPEft. 741 

uepeimch 1894—1805 rr. oCflapyaH^a wh cpe^í uemmfb iipoH3BOAH- 
Tavefl nepvcKOĚ ry6epHÍH Boot5iue. 

To ae caMoe cjí^yerb csasaTb h oTHOcHTejibHo KycrapHianrB 6ahbhii> 
Cb oAHBiTB, ABy¥fl, TpevA H leTupBMfl HaeMHUXH pa6oqHMH: B% ^ucjA 
zjúeínovb 6aHKa TasHxi Kycrapeft bi cymri Ha Ví7o (oómaro ^rncjia 
lycrapeS) MeHBme, Hesejra epej^M nepucKHXi sycrapet Booón^e, a npejr 
npiflTÍĚ CB 5 — 10 pa6o7HMH h 6ojte — Ha ^AVo Óojiune. UpHHHMaH, 
oxHaRo, bo BHHvaHie, ^To saeMn^HSH nocjr6AH6t RareropíH eocTaB^HDTib 
Bcero 1,84^0 oónnaro wcja KpeAHryronpíxcír bt> 6aHRt xBmb, mh ifoaeirB 
6e3i K0Jre6aHÍĚ saR^n^rarB, q-ro, no TpyíOBofl opraHHsauin npoMHCjia, 
sjríeHTS 6aHsa ho oTJiH^aiyrcA cyn^ecTBeHHO otb ocTajibHux^ syerapefl 
nepMCROft ry6epHÍH; tpo, cMorpa: na Bonpocii Cb npaBTH^ecBofi to^bh 
dprbHia. cjrfejtyeTE c^HTaTb, hto seifCRÍt RycrapnuĚ 6aHRi bi nociri^AHie 
Toxa npHxoAHJi na novoniib THnH^ecROvy (no dROHOMH??ecRot opraHH- 
saipH) RycTapH) nepifCRot ryÓepnÍH. 

EcjiH se OTHOCTHCB Kh Bonpocy He npaRTH^ecRR, a coBepmeHHO 
aÓcrpaRTHo, to, ocBOBHBaacB na <t»aRTÍ^, ^to HaH6ojrbe RpynHU[X'B npo- 
HSBOAHTejieň (HM^Dn^Hxi 5 pa6o<THXx H 6ojAé) cpe^K RjríeHTOB^ 6aHRa 
OTHOcHrejBHo Ha V3 6ojiBnie, nese^H cpe^H Bctx'B Ryerapeň nepMCROft 
ry6epHÍH (l,847o npoTHBi l,40*/o), mo»ho — npn aeianiH — npHATH kb 
daRJDHeHiK), HTO nepMCRift 6aHRi noonipaerB npeHMyn^ecTBeRHo noJiy- 
RanHTajHCTR^ecRi^ Ryerapnun npeAnpiRTÍR. Ob toA ase a6cTpaRTH0Ě, 
a HO npaRTH^ecRoA tohrh zpbBUi, Mucjnnfo npHBOCTH h npRMUR AORasar 
TOJBC^ Toro, HTO nepMCRÍA RycrapnuA 6aHR% coAticTByerB RanHrajra* 
CTM«iecRoi MeTa]iop<tK)8Í^ npoMUCia. JI^ORasaTOJBCTBo 9Toro MoacHo ycMo- 
TptTB B^ TpyAOBoiTB cocxaB* npeADpÍRTÍft RyCTapefi, iipHÓiraDn^Hxi ivh 
noBTopHBiifB saftHaiTB. Torxa RaRi JTHii^a, nojiBsyDnpRCJi (vb 1898 r.) 
ÓaHKOBoň ccyAO& vh nepauĚ pasi — upn cpexnem cocTani cbohxi npex- 
RpúmA VB 2,72 TpyAflH^HXCfl — HaHHvajH, wh cpe^HeirB, no 0,52 pa6o- 
^ncTB, — RycrapH, saHHiraDn^ie BTopoĚ, TperiĚ h t. a. paai, mrhjm 
ÓoJBHie H ÓojBine BaeMHUx^ paóo^Hx^, a rb hsi hhxi, ROTopue boc- 
nojiB30BajHCB ccyAofl wh hrthS pas^— -npn cpoAneiTB cocraB* Mactep- 
CRot B% ^enipe nejioBiRa — co^epsajiH 2,14 HaevHUxi pa6o^HrB. 6u- 
xoAHTB, TaRHiTB o6pa8oirB, RRR^ 0yATO 6h Ra»Aaji cjT&Ayiontafl 6aHR0Baii 
ecyAa jífiLerh Rycrapn bosmoshoctb yaejiHHHTB HaeMHuft nepcoHajTB cbo- 
ero npeAnpiRTiff h npH naroft ccy^tAOBOCTH ero ao paairtpoBi, npeaii- 
RiaDU^HX^ vb ^erupe pasa yqacTÍe vb npoHSBOACTBi naeMHaro djreMeHTa 
vb MOMeHTB nepBoň ccyAU. OcHOBUBancB na dTHXTi AanHuxi, oahr'bh31 
AORjRA^HROBi (?BÍ3Aa A^UTrejeft no RycTapnoft npoMurniJieHHOCTH vb r. 
DojraBi (jri^TOVB npomjraro roAa) o^imbhji, tfo cavuiTB bhahuitb pe- 
syjTBTaTOirB A*«Tej!BH0CTH nepMCRaro Rycrapnaro 6aHRa rbírotcr bocro- 
co6jreHÍ6 RanHrajrHCTH^ecRoA aBOjnoi^iH MejiROft npoMumjieHHOCTH. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



742 B^THHBl EBPOnU. 

SaKJTK^qeme axo, kb EOTopoMy no nepeoicy Bne^aťiiiHiH) npHcoexH- 

HHTCfl, 6UTI> MOSen, H ^HTaTeiB, TfimHTbj OAHaKO, Bl> MfiOEKOWb OTHO- 

ineHÍH. Oho npHBHMaeirb sa jtoRasannoe, ^to kb noBTopauiTB ccyAairs 
6e3pa8JHquo npH6'&raK)rL npeACTasHraira bc^x^b npoMucjioBi; uesxj 
TtiTB BaKi» wb A^ĚCTBHTejiBHocTH BecBMa MOseTB 6bitb, hto 3a noBTop- 
HUHH ccyiaMH óÓpalaaDTCH, npeniiyiAecTBeHHO, EyciapH óojíie cjos- 
Huxi npoHuc40Bi, Tjí,% DO TexHH^ecBHM^ ycjfOBÍflifb paóom, Tpeóyercfl 
ysacTie tíójnbmaro íHCJia TpyMmHxca. Ecjth wbpno 3to nocjiAnee co- 
o6paaceHÍe» to BospocTaflie naeMHaro ^jieMeHTa, npn noBTopenÍH saňMOBi, 
Horjo 6h vb cpej^HXi BUBOAaxi nojiyqaTbCJi wb toitb cjiy^ai, Rorj(a 

B1^ j^MCTBHTeJíbHOCTH dJieueETb dTOTb coRpaii^aeTCA. 

Ho ecJH($u ^ase noBxopeHie dažMOBi cnoco6cTBOBajio A^feftcTBHrejbBO 
B03pocTaHÍK) yqacTÍH HaoMHaro Tpy^a b^b cooTB'6TCTByK)iiiHX^ npeAnpui- 
TiAxiy, TO Bce-TaBH HejB3A 6ujio 6u csasaTB, ^TO caMuiTB BHAHHiTB pe- 
8yj[BTaTPM:B ^'i^TejiBHocTH nepMCRaro ÓanRa ABjraeTca sanHTa.(HCTH?e- 
c&SM MeTaMop4>03a RycTapnux^B apoMObicjoBib. 

J^jui TaRoro 3aRJK>9eHifl cji^AOBajio 6bi en^e noRasaTB, ?to ofiopoTH^a 
cpej^cTBa 6aHRa o6pamaK>TC« npeHMyniecTBenHO na noBTopeufl ccyjiu. 
B^ TpyAi, ROTopuiTB MU noj[B3yeMca^ wkvb cBÍJi']^HÍň o toitb, RaRajBt 
qacTB dTHXi cpe;^cTBi ujífiTh Ha nepBHHHUfl h KaRaA — ea noBTopniu 
ccyAU. Ho MU ysaaeMi h3'b hofo, tto 3a sce BpoMA ^'^TejBHocTH 6aHRa 
Ha 8.736 RycTapeft, BOcnojrBSOBaBnmxca ero ycjiyraMH, npHXOAHTca 13.027 
ccyA'B, ^t5 AacTB, wb cpej^HeMi, 1V2 ccy^u na o^Horo saeMo^HRa. 9to 
3HaqHT^, ^TO Bci noBTopauA ccyAU b% coBORynnocTH cocTaBjrflDTB V& 
qacTB oónutro nncjia ccy^i. IIobtophbia ccy^u qan],e BU^aBaiHCB vb nep- 
Bue roAu A^i^TejBHocTH 6aHRa, h BU^a^a hx^b coRpaTHjacB b'b hocjíi^- 
uee BpeMfl, Ror^a 6aHRi» cTajTB HcnuTUBaTB HejiocTaTORi o6opoTHux'B 
cpeACTBi. 

Hhrto He cTanerB, Rone^HO, coMHÍBaTBCA wb tom!b, ^to npu qomohik 
jiBroTHaro Rpe^HTa mo»ho coAMcTBOsaTB npeapamenÍED m&irhx'b hbah- 
BHAyajiBHuxx RycTapHux'B npeAnpúíTiň vb Óojíte Rpynniui. IlepMCRifi Ry- 
CTapHuA 6^EWb n^ec^Ajevbj o^aaRO, níhjib noompeaifl no bosmoshocth 
^HCTuxi TpyAOBuxi) opraHii3ai^ifi. Ka»eTCA nodTOMy hícrojbro HenoaflT- 
hhmx— HoqeMy owb BmaeTL ccy^u npe^apiaTiaMt Cb 4 — 10 a 6oi4e 
HaeMBUMH paóo^HMH, H noqeMy qacjio TaRHxi RjrieHT0B'B6aHRa(rB 2,10Va 
B-B 1895 r. Bospocjo ao 2,947o bx 1899 r. ^BJieaie 3to apeACTaBJíaeTca 
tími Meaie hohathum^, ^to oÓopoTpia cpe^CTBa 6aaRa ae cootbít- 
CTByDTB cnpocy aa ccy^u, a ^to 6aaRi cTpeMarcA y^oBieTBoparB no 
BOSMOsaocTH Tpe6oBaaii( ximb uesie cocTOflTaihauxi. 

Buboahtb, o^aaRO, as^ sToro (j[)aRTa saRJiDqeaie o tomh^ tto Epe- 
Ahtb ae Wb cocToaaiH nouepsaTB MOjRaro caMocTOJSTejBaaro npoHdBo- 
XBTejia a ^to opraaasaiua JiBroTHaro Rpe^HTa js^jsíl RycTapeá tojtbro 



Digitized by ViiOOQIC 



XPOHHRÁ. — nEPBHfi BÁMVb J^l& RyCTÁPE&. 74S 

yoBopaerb npoueccB saoHTaincTHqecKoň ero ifeTaMop(j(>o3u, ($ujo 6u npa- 
BKibHO Fb TOiTb cjryHa'b, 6cjh($u MejTsie jipoMumjieHHHRE osasaJHCB, 
Boo6ii(e roBopfl, HeKpeAHTOcnocoČHUMH, h 6aHBy ocTaB&iocb 6u B,u6ispsLtí> 
]iesA7 npespEfl^eHieiTb ^'báTeibHOCTH h uooiiQ>eHÍe]rB npeAnplaTiň, dRcn joa- 
THpyDínuai HaevHui xpy^K OócTOAxejBCTBa AaHHaro c^ynaA, oAHaso^ 
ae TEBOBu* KdeHTu nepMCRaro 6aHBa o^ohb HcnpaBHH wb BunojiHeHÍK 

CBOHXIft O^flBaTejBCTBi; npHHy^HTeJI&HO B^blCSHBaDTCA d.HHXli RaRÍe-HH- 

6yAi» 200—300 py6. wb roA^^ tíesHaA^SKHue jsfijm 6asRj^ Bupasanrcji 
eoTUHH AOJaMH npoi;6BTa, a ^hcxo saeicflwcoB:^, BQMjm^Th npoHSBOACTBo 
HCRjiDqHTeji&Ho CHJiaiíH 0B0MX'B ceMefl, He TOiuDo He yKeHBmaeTCfl, a ^ase 
yeejra^DiBaeTefl h cí 70% vh 1895 r. Bospocjio ao Isy^^U wh 1899 r* 
SaHsoBUfl cpe^CTBa, nosroMy, HAyT%» r^asHun oópasoiťB, na noM^P 
mamě ^hcto TpyAeBux'B apeAHpiaTifi, a ecjH bmíctí cfb tíitb saiit- 
uerofl noompenie h noiyBamiT&iHCTHHecBHxi MacTepcKiix^B, to bto éy-- 
XfifTh yse no(Somi]n» pe^yjsTaToirB A'i^TejibHOCTH (JaEsa, EOTopoMy 
Moaoio MTb 6oj(BBiee hjh iséHBinee pasBHTÍe. 



Bume npHBeAeHu 6hijai jsjbleeoe, cBHAiTejBCTBynn^ífl o toitb, tto^ 
no xpyAOBoĚ opraHusauiH npeAnpiHTÍĚ, BjneHTU Óanna ne OTJiHHaDTCA 
cyn^ecTBeHHo otb npoqHxi BycTapeň nepMCBoň ryfiepníH. Haoe (Mi^yers 

CKESaTB OTHOCHTeJBHO XOSflĚCTBeHBOl COCTOflTeJBHOCTH BpOHdBOAHTOJieĚ; 

no BOJH^ecTBy cBoxa h no pasir&pairB nocŠBa BjieHTU Óansa OBasuBaDrca 
CToanpíMH sHaHHTejBHo Bmne cpe^Haro KycTapa nepifCKoft ryíepniH. Besjto- 
maxQHrB jifiuoxosaewb cpe^H BycTapefi BooÓnie 29%, a cpe^n saemiiH- 

BOBl — OKOJO 12%; ĎeaBOpOBHUX-B BB nepBOlTB CXJHSA — 17^/o, BO BTO* 

ppiTB — 3, 5® /o; njion^aAB nocfea y cpefljauvo nepMCEaro KycTapa 6,3 jsfi- 
eflTMHU, a y 6aHKOBaro EJňenra — 8,8 A^carHHU h Tan Azurite. 9th cono- 
eraaienia ne Aai>Ti, o^naBO, nojraaro noHATÍfl o cpaBHHTeJiBHoň coctojh- 
TeiBBOCTH Tix% H ApyrHX'B BycTapeA, Bo-nepBuxii, noTony, 9to CB^ima 
8ae]iiKHBax'B fiansa ropasAO 6ojAe tohhu, a HeroiniM a&hhiuí o ^Beft- 
ze6o cocTOflTairBHOcTM, Basi H8BÍCTH0, rptmaiTB, Boo6ni;6, kb cTopony 
ea npeyMeHBmenifl; Bo-£Topux'B, hto pacnpeA^enie saeMniHBOBi Óansa 
no TeppirropiH ry6epHÍH, onpeA^jflACB npeHMyn^ecTBenno pa3CT0AHÍeirB 
xannaro pattona otb if^cToapeóuBanifl BpeAHTnaro y^peauceniA, ne co- 
OTBd^TCTBy^iTB pacnpcA^JeniK) BycxapeĚ; h noxoMy pasjH^ MesAy tímr 
H ApyraiiH vh OTHonieniH hx'b cejBCBaro xosnficTBa, ao bsbícthoS cto- 
neHH MoryTB 0fipeiA'bJUiTBCji xosaftcTBeHHuiiH ycjioBiaMH paAonoB^B, a ne 

COCTOaTejBHOCTBlD np0H3B0AHT6JieA. 

KaB2> 6u, OAHaBO, hh 6uj(o, mosho bo bcabomi cjyqai yrBepxAaTB, 
HTO rjaBHOK) npH^HHoA OTBasa BycTapaifB wb ccjjí^b 6ujh ne oÓctoatojb- 
CTBa iiX'B xoBflficTBeHHaro noJiosenifl, noroicy ito no oTHOffienÍD kl 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



744 BftOTHEKl EBPOim. 

3T0My npR3HaKy nojiy^HBnrie ccyjíy h BcrpiMBinie oricasi ne npfeAcraB- 
jraiOTB pisKHM M&Bixj C0601) pariJíHiift. Tasí, npoaenrb aomoxo- 
ssíewb, He HirbioiniHxi naxaTHoft seHjm, jromaAeft h KopoB^ cpe^H sycra- 
peft, He nojry^HBinHXi ccy3;u, npesumaerB cooTBibTCTByDíi^ift npoi^eHTb 
cpe^H KJÍeHTOBi» 6aHRa. Ho, BO-nepsiixi, ^ncjio TaRincB lOMoxosjíeBi 
XSLxe vh nepBoĚ rpynD']^ BOo6ii^e HeseaqHrejiBHo (($e3KopoBHux'B — 7,4Vt, 
óesjíoraajíHUxi — 14%, 6e3^ naxaTHOĚ seMJH— 14,8®/o); BO-BTopiixib, no 
jtpyrmrB iipHSHaRairb xosaňcTBeHHOĚ cocToarejTBHOCTH, nojrpTHBinie ccyjíy 
no^TH BOBce He oTjraqaDTc^ otb ne nojiyqHBmHX'B ejsr. TaR%, naxaTHot 
seMJH Bi» iiepBofi rpymr6 KycrapeS ORadUBaerCfl 8,88 jsficamaa Ha ABopB, 
BO BTopofl— 9,45 AecaTHHH, joma^e* — 1,95 h 1,87, BopOBi — 2,75 
H 2,62. ^ase BycrapH, ROTopinrB 6ujío OTBasaHo vh ccyjct no npHqHvb 
HTh HeKpeAHTOcnoco6HocTH, no^y^Hjni TaRyD penyTauiv) vb rjasaxi 
6aHRa, rjraBHuirB ofipasovB, sa cboh jih^hua RanecTea, a He sa Rami- 
Ta^HiM, TaRx cRasaTB, ycjroBía xo3AĚCTBa, no OTHomeHiv) vb Roropun 
OHH HO OTJiHHaDTCA cyni^ecTBeHHO OTB CBonx^ 6ojr&e cqacrjHBuxi tobs- 
pHn^eS. TaRi>, npHxoAHTCfl: 

Ha OAHoro xoiioxooflKHa: 

aaeMOUiKa: oojyHHBmaro orsasi: 

3eiuH 12,8 xecflT. 15,4 xecjiT. 

jioma^eft 1,95 „ 1,68 „ 

EopoBi ....... 2,75 „ 2,87 „ 

CTpaxoBa« OB^íuuL no- 

CTpoeEi .... 238 py6. 803 py6. M. 

KpoMi eAHHH^Huxi RycTapett, nepMCKÍfi ĎaHRi BUAaerb ccyAH apre- 
jíRiťb H RycTapHo-ToproBUM^ cRJiaAaiTk. GooTBÍTCTBeHHUfl onepaniH 6aHKa 
pa3BHTu, oAHaRo, AOBOJiBHo cjiaóo. 3a ceHB jAtl vb 6aHRt Rpe^^nroBa- 
jHCB, Ha cyuiry 51.630 pyÓJieft, 221 apxejB b^ cocTaB* 1.060 yqacrmi- 
ROBT», CB o6n];HifB ^HCJioiTB patfoMHx^ 2.400, vh^KCJIt ROHx^ 21^/0 npt- 
:xo;i;htch na jifijm HaeMHUXi. AprejBHufi Rpe^HrB paaBHBaercA xe^^enHO, 
H TTo iJiaBHoe — TtporpeccHpyiorB tojibro RpeAHTHUH aprejra, npoHSBO- 
J^HTeJrBHIM ae coRpaníaDTCJi (9 HOJTyqHBmHX'B ccy^y vb 1896 r. h 2— 
wb 1900 r.), a cupBeBua: p'teRO ro^oójiiotch bi> RO.VHqeeTBÍb {vb 1898 r. 
nojyiHJH ccy^y 9 apTOjreft, m» 1899 r. — 1, bi 1900 r. — 10). Rb 1900 r. 
nojiyqHjiH ccy;ty b^ 16.870 pyfijreft 61 aprejTB: 2— npoHaBo;prrejBHEixi 
(6 ^jieHOBi), 10 — CBipBeBUXi (71 ^^6^)2 49 — RpeAHTHUxi(183^jeHa). 
„TaRHMi oópasoiTB, HaH6owr6e seshobhoh) 4>opMOK) apxejiH ffBjflercfl 
ccyjíHoe TOBapnn^ecTBo; ^Jienu ero, Hya^aDmiecji vb spejtÉri, croBa- 
pHBaK)TCA BSflTB ccy^y sa RpyroBoĚ nopyRoi h, nojiy^mBniH ee, jitim 
vesAy C0601). Bra <}K)ptfa Rpe^HTa mjisiercsi cpeACTBom j^xa Hantfox&e 

*) nep«CEÍt RycTapHO-opomniievHiii 6$MVb (erp. 107, 108, 1117, 128, 180). 



Digitized by 



GooQÍe 



gle I 

■ -g ■■■■ 1 



óíflfluxi^ RycTapeĚ nojryqHTB ccy;i[y, ne npeACTasj^ji cxopoHHHxi no- 
pynirejiefl". Hto ae Kacaerca ocrajibHHx-B aprejrefl, to ecjiH b?b CBa- 
saHHOiiy BHine o pJ^ASHXi cj[yqaflx'b BpeAHra „AOÓaBHTb, tto hh o^na 
ii3ib aprejieĚ ne npocymecTBOBaja Óojrfee nerapexi^ jrtirB, to CTaaeTi o^obh^í- 
HuiTB, qTO A^ cyin.ecTBOBaHÍA npoH3BOAHTej[bHux'b H ci)ipbeBUX'B apTeJieft 

Hlfi^DTCfl KaKÍfl-TO IipenATCTBÍfl ** . 

En^e láeBfke y^a^na 6ujisl AtaxejibHocTb 6aHKa no pa3BHTÍE) one- 
paiÚH KycTapHUxi CRJiaAOB-b. nepBOHaHajbHO npeAnojraraJocb, ^Toytei^- 
HHe KycTapHo-ToproBue CKia^H fiy^yTi nrpaTb pojib (|)HJiiajibHux'b ot;í4- 
jieeift 6aHKa; ho npeAnoflosesiji dXH ne, oapaB^ajHCb, k oteputho npn 
H^soTopuxi ÝbwaiTh seifCBHxi ynpaBax'b cBJíaAU CRopo npeKpaTHJUi 
TpeóoBaHÍA npe^HTa. OtfcTOHrejirBHo BuacHeHu npHqHHu ney^aHE ojiHoro 
KyHrypcKaro csja^a, cos^^aHHaro HCBJín^HTejBHo na cpej^cxBa 6aHBa» 
npiraHHii 8TH — HeoilUTHocTb ^ajAAjiomjsxh H OTcyTCTBÍe accHTBOBOBi aa 
ciuraA*!* co cropoHu oTKpNBmaro ero y^XHaro sencTBa, bcjiíactbí« ^ero 
ony npHiDJiocL A'&síaTb (Se3B03BpaTHue pacxo;i;bi hsi Bamrrajira, 3a roto- 
pufi 0H% yiuraqHBajii 6aHRy 6^/0, 

no AaHBiuťb HenoJHoĚ, BnpoHOMi, nepenHCH RycTapeň, wh cpeAHir& 
HCTeRmaro Aec^THJr&Tia «h HepMCRoĚ ry6epHÍH nac^HTHBajocb 12.500 
ceneft RycTapeft; ccy^H »e wb nocjfeíHie rojíu nojiy^ajiH, BTb cpe^neirB, 
2.700 neJíOB^Kb, hjh Vs ^acTb RycrapeS. Cinraff, tpo Ba noBTopHHa 
ccyjíH na^aoTb V* — Vs ^acTL aToro ^Hcjra — nojry^HMi, ^to nepBHíHiiiar 
ccy^MH eaero;íHo nojrbsyrorca orojo 1.800 — 2.000 RycTapet, hjoi 
Ve — V? TOCTB oómaro qHCja nocjfeíHHxi. 9to 3HaqHTB, ^to, npHHacTOH- 
meMi> pasBHTÍH AÍHTe;ibH0CTH (íaHRa, i^aacAuft RycTapb M0»eTB bochojil- 
30BaTbC4i ccyAOí) H3i Hero oahhi pa3x wb 5 — 6 jrkvb. 9Toro, o^obhaho, 
BCAOcraxo^Ho, h noTony saROH^HirB Hamy santrEy noseiaHieirb, ^toóu 
HepMCRÍfi RycTapHuít 6aHRB nocRopie HBÓaBucfl orb § 6 cBoero ycTasa, 
orpaHHHHBaDmaro ero peccypcu nojiyropEoň HopiioĚ saňMOBii h BRJia- 
Aovh npoTHdi co6eTBeHHiiixi> BaiiHTaj[OBi> ÓasBa. — B. B. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



fiHyTP£HH££ 0B03P^HIE 

1 OBT161MI 1902. 



tUoBa, npomsHeceHinui vh Rypcsi rocyxapem EMneparopox^— Tpyxs jiQxnnn 10- 
xHTeTon no Bonpocy o Hys^axi ceucEO-xouftcTseHEoft npoiraiueBHoeTH.— Hobho aa- 
bohh: o&b ycoBepjneHCTBOBaHiH ABopaicuizi yHpezxeHÍfi, o xBopancKiixi laccAxi 
BsamionoMOBUi, o i^epKOBHHxi ouoiaxi, oói apT&iiixi, o BOxonpoBOXHuxi coopyxe- 
híaci Ha ^XHxi seiuBxi, o paciiy(SiHBOBaHÍH ceHaTCKHxi pimeHÍft, o cosurt ipes- 
BHHafiHHxi seMCKHxi co6paBÍi.— Po8t-8criptam. Becixa r. vHHHcrpa BeyrpeHHHxib jrbn 
e% npexcTaBHTejMiiH sypcaaro seiíCTBa. 

TocyAapb HMaepaToprb, npH npo^A^ qepesi EypcRi», 29-ro aerycra, 
Ha 6aiBmie vaHeapu, HaBOJHjiob o6paTHTi»ca kb coĎpaBouiMCA bi> díuá 
BOBsaja ABopflHaiTb co cjrfaAyDíi^HifH cJOBaMH: 

y,& pajTB BMxbtb npeACTasHTejet cgcjiobúi, doctohhho nojiBSOBaBnia- 
roca ÓJiaroBOJeHÍeiTB cbohxI) MoHapxoBi sa B^pnyi) h caMOOTBepseflHyD 
cjym6y IIpecTOJiy. HesaĎBenHuň Oxei^ Moň, AOBepmaH cJiaBHbia x^jlíl 
Moero Jí^^asl, npH3Bajrb aaci Kb pyKOBo^CTBy specTBAHCRHirB ynpaBje- 
Biem; na 8tomt> nonpHiii'6 bu cjiysHTe Mhí^ h6 8a CTpaxrb, a sa cobíctb. 
EjaroAapi) BacB 3a 8Ty cjrysóy''. 

FpoMBoe, exHHOxyiiiHoe „P&AU CTapaTi»cfl'' 6u40 OTBbTOirb XBopaei 
Ha MHJiocTHBux cjioBa Tocy^apH. Ero Be^H^ecTBO npoAOJisaxb: 

„A SHai), ^To cejbCRan schseb TpefiyeTb oco6aro nonenemH. ffiO^psBr 
CKoe seMjieBjraAtHie nepesHBaeTi* THsejioe Bpenn; octb HeycTpoĚcTBa h 
wb BpecTLxiHCBOMi; jí,Jia ycxpaneHÍA nocjiiAHHXi, no Moeiiy noBOjri^D, 
C006paaLaK>TCfl BI MHHHCTepCTB^ BHyTpeHHHX'B jifbjn> neoóxoAHHUA Mtpu. 
Kt y^acTÍE) Bi aTHxi TpyAax'b óy^yrB npHSBaHU vb CBoe BpeMJi ry- 
(JepncRÍe ROMHTeTU, cb yqacTieMi ;^BopaBCTBa h sencTBa. ^to se sa- 
caerca uoMŠCTHaro 3eiíJíeBja;rbHÍH, Koropoe cocTaBJífleTi hcbohhuě oiuoti 
nopAjuca H HpaBCTBeHHoA chjbi Pocciu, to ero yRptmieHie fiyj^en MoeD 
HenpecTaHHOD aaÓOToro". 

BocTopseHHue k^hrh nospujiH 3aKJK)?HTejn>Hua cjiOBa Monapxa. 
06paiuaHCb vb npeAcxaBHTejifflí^b 3eMCTBa RypcKofi ry6epHÍH, Focyj^apB 
CKasaji: ^ 

„Ejaro^apH) Baci» 8a npHB^TCTBÍe h nojib3yK)Cb cjyqaeMi, qTo6u aca- 
3aTB BaiTB hícbojibbo cjiOBi. 3eMCBoe X03H&CTB0 — jíííjío nepaMmeĚ aas- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHH&Á. — BHyTPEHB£E 0B08PbHI£. 747 

BOCTH, H ň HaA'6Dci>, ^To BII nocBflu^aeTe eMy Bcb BamH chjuu. íl pajCB 
6yA7 OBasaTB Bam BCflsoe none^enie, 8a<k)Taci» bi to ase BpeifA o&h 
o(kbeABHeHÍH a^t6jibhocth Bcix^b B^acTeft na wbcTW^ IIoMHHTe, ^xo 
iipH3BaHÍe aame — irbcTHoe ycrpoHiejBCTBo b^ ofijacTu xosaňcTBeHHUxi 
HysA'^. YcirbniHO hunojmuH aro npH3BaHÍe, bu noacere óutb yBipeHU 
Vh cepAe^HOiTb Moem kl Bairb 6jraroBOJ6HÍH^. 

9tH MlUOCTHBUH CJOBa MoHapxa 6uja nORpUTU BOCTOpseHHUlTBy 

AOJiro HecMOJiKaBinHMii „ypa**. 



flo noBertBÍD Ero EMnepaTopcsaro BejHvecTBa^ 1 ceHTflópa, vh 
xeHB nocimemfl Focy^apeirB HmiepaTopoin ropoj^a Kypesa, bi ryáepna- 
TopcKom AOirfc 6iuh co6paHH Hisoropiie BOJiocraue crapiDHHU h cejn^ 
csie crapocTH ryfiepmi: icypcBoft, nojnraBCKofl, xaj^BOBOM^, qepflH- 
roBCROt, opjioBcsoft ■ BopoHexcRoĚ. Ero HMnepaTopeBoe Beu^ecTBO 
isBOjraJTb o($paTHTBCfl KTB BMVb CO CJiijcyDíiuniH (MosaiiH: 

„BecHon bi> H'bxoTopKm vicTHocTjni hojrubcsoí h xapBBOBCsoft 
i76epHÍi BpecTbJíHe pasrpaóujii coctxHúi dBOHOiúH. Behobeho noHecyn. 
sacjyseHHoe hmh HaKasaHíe, a Ha^ajbCTBO ciyMien, ň yB^peei, h6 
AonycTHTB Ha óy^yniee BpeMfl hoacóhlixi fiesnopA^BOBi. HanoMHHai) 
BaiTB cjosa noKoňaaro Moero fiaTDiBBH, CKasaHHUA Ewh vh Mocbbí^ 
BOJiocTHuirB cTtfpmHBairB Bi» j^HH CB^n^eHHaro B'&HHaHifl ea H^apcTBo: 
^CjiymaňTecB BamHxii npeABOAHrejeĚ ABopancTBa h He ffbpbTe B3j(op- 
murb cjiyxairb''. IIoMHHTe, ^to 6oraTÍK)TB ho saxBaraiiH ^ysoro Ao6pa, 
a OTh qecTHaro TpyAa, ĎepeauruBOCTH h shshv no 3anoB'M3irB BosiHirb. 
Depe^aůTe bi> to^hocth Bce, qxó SI BaMx cKaaajrb, BaniHirB OAHocejiB- 
qaHaiťB, a xaKse h to, hto jifbŘiyTBiATejihEH& hxx nyau^u Si ne ocTaBJD 
Cbohitb none^eHÍeiTb''. 



Bil neqaTH doabhjiocb, sa nocjrí^AHee apeiui, aobojibho khofo hb- 
vbcnŘ o paóoraxi yÍ3AHiiix'B ROMHTeroBi, y^pes^eHoiixi no HHHipa- 
Tvíwb Ocoóaro coBi^n^aHía o sys^axi cejrBCRO*xo3AfiCTBeHHoft npomnnjieB- 
HocTH. 06niee Bne^aTji'bHie, npoH3BOAHMoe bthmh muibcTimm, Becbxa 
6jiaronpiirrHo: ono noATBepac^aeTB Ha^es^yi BupaseHHym HaxH, ABa vb- 
cxm TOMy HasaAi, no noBOAy nepBaro sadMaHÍfl cy^sancRaro y^AHaro 
KOMHTeTa. SairbwTOJieffB, npeasAe Bcero, cocTaBB vhotex^b BOMHTeTOBi. 

<Bb TopSRi, Vh TeMHHBOBi^ Bl Py3Í, BTb rpfl80BI^'b, Bl JoXBBIlt, Vh 

yqacrii) bi> saaaTiaxi ROMHTOTa npnrjianieHU Bct yteAHure rjacHue. 
TenHHKOBCKiĚ y^AHuĚ npeABOAUTeiB ABopHHCTBa, MOTHBHpyn 8Ty irbpy, 
BupasiLTB yÓtsAenie, tto „eAHHCTBOHHiufB BOMneTeeTHUiTB ópranoiTB 
wsi paspaóoTBH BonpocoBi&, npeA^osoBHiix^B na o6cysAeHÍe ROMHTeTa, 
aBJUi&icH B'B fhaxk yi^AHoe seiicRoe cd6paHÍe^; ne Hirj^ bosmoshocth 
o6paTMTBCJi RfB Heny, owb xor^^, „qToóu no RpaĚHeň wbpb cocTaBi 
KOMHTeTa coBnaj*B ci» cocTBBOirB sevcRaro codpaHifl*". ?hcjio npnrjianieH- 



Digitized by VjÓOQIC 



743 MOTHHSl SBPOmU 

EUJi% vh HÍiEÓTopun RoiiHTeTaxii Becioia BejraBo; btb JIoxohuí^, naupH- 
wbpb, MVb 6oji'be mecTHAecATH — irb tovb ^ucJA arpoHovu, opaACTaBH- 
TejH cyjíeCHaro Bt^oMCTBa, ^thhobhhrh, npo(J)eccopa, Hapo^eue y^irejia, 
KpecTMHe. IIpe;^C'feAaTeJrb apaaMaccKaro KOMHTexa, npH caMOMX ero ot- 
xpuTÍH, Bupa3H^!b HaMtpeHie npHTJiacHTb Kb ynacTii) vb cjrkAjs)m}a% 
3actAaHÍJiX'b ABaA^aTB-nATb apecTbaHi. fl^^Tejihnoe yqacTÍe EpecTbane 
npHHHMaiorb bi KOMHTeTaxi> xBa^uHCKOiTB, BOJbCEOifb H MHonixi ;(py- 
rHX'b. Ha pa3CM0Tp]^HÍe KOMHTeTOBi> (naiip. cMO^eHCKaro, pyscKaro, Teií- 
HHKOBCsaro, JOXBHi^Raro, rpasoBei^caro) qacTO BUooiTcfl o6niHpHUii 
sanHCKH. Ha;^ paspafioTBoň 0TAtjibHUX'L BonpocoBi Tpyj^Tca ocoóux 
roiimhccíh h aeiicBifl ynpaBu. O paKaoAymHom OTHOineHm Kb Ji^kiyMU 
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pi^AKO npodiBjíaioeb cTpeMJieHie DpeAciwT&ia orpaHHqiiTB xpyn saBuril 
BOMHTeTa. He qaeTo, noBHAHtfOMy, Bcrptvaiorcfl h cjiy^aH ysKara noHii- 
iiaHifl caiiHMH ROM HTexaMH npeACTOjmeň hmi sa^a^H (vb qepHcsoirb so- 
MHTeri paóora npHHfljia to sadpaBJíeHie, RaRoro cj'lAOBajio osH^aTb otb 
ero npeAc']^AaTejfl, r. CyxoTHHa; bi cTapoROHCTaHTHHOBCROirb ROMETeri 
Ha nepBuň n;iaHi> BbiABHayjacb auuoóa OAHoro isarb EpyoHuxi seiiae- 
BJiaA'&!iBaeB'b fia nopyÓRH h noTpaBU, coaepiHaeMUfl RpeoTbaHaMH). Oahod 
H3i rjiaBHuxi iipHqHHi, BaAep^HBanniHxi pasBíme napoAHOfi Macaii 

6o;ibinHHCTBO EOMETCTOBTi, o AtaTeJIBHOCTH ROTOpUXX noaBJJWHCb CBtlt- 

híh Bi neiaxH, c^HTaiorb ropHAHiecRyio HenoJHonpaBHOCTb RpecTbflHi. 
^IIpeaAe Bcero** — "iHTaeirb mu wb AORjraA* npeAciAaTaia TeMHHROBCEaro 
ROMHTeTB, — „cjrtAyeri noAHaxb jH^HOcxb pyccnáro RpecTbAHHHa h o6e3- 
neqMTb pasBHTie ero caMOA'i^Tej[bHocTH, a ma dxoro nysHO ypaBHffrb 
ero d JíHuaMH ApyrHxrb cocjiobíí wb npaBaxi jiHqHUxi h rpaxAaHCRHXi, 
noA^HHHTb o6iiieň aAMHuucTpa^iH h oúnsjuarb cyAe^Hborb ycTaBOBJeHiflMi*^. 
„BMicrt cb poeroMi^ Bceň Hamefl oduecTBeimocTH h pacnpocTpaHeHien 
o6paaoBaHÍJi bi HapoAHofi cpeA'^*' — roBopurb npeAclA&Teib cMoieHcsaro 
ytsAHaro ROMHiexa, — „pacierb h jHiHOCTb BpecTbHHHHa, — paBBHBaeroi 
ero o6ni;ecTBeHHoe cosHame h norpeÓHocxb «b caMoonpeAÍ^eHÍH. Ho bcí 
CTpoMJieHiji aroro poAa BCTpb^anrB na cboomi nyTH MHoroqHCJieHHWii 
Tsiviejíua npenjn^TBJfl. CaMOA'l^TejibHOCTH h no^HHy RpecTbaHUHa Berjci 
npoflBHTbca: jifixe wb pacnopHsemH cbohmh mípckhmh a^&mh, vboojir 
soBaHÍH cBoeň HaAtJibHoft seMjeĚ RpecTbane CBHsaHu no pyvaMi h bo- 
raMi aAMHHHCTpaxHBHoň onoRoft; Aase o HpaBCTBeHHOCTH BpecTbflHHHa 

OpHBBaHU SaÓOTHTbCJI AOJSHOCTHUA JlEUfii, HO FOBOpfl yse O TOMl, ^^0 

H TaBia ABJ[eHÍfl, BavB ceMeĚHue paBA^Jsu h yxoA'B uqhobi ceMbH Ha cro- 
poHy, noA^esaTB bohtpojik). DpH xaBuxi ycjiOBÍJixi nejbSJi h AyMano 

CBO6OAHOMX pa3fiHTÍH BpeCTbHHCROň JIH^HOCTH, a BM^TÍ Cl TbM% H O 
HOA^BOMÍ XOBHfiCTBOHHOĚ A^TeJIbHOCTM BpeCTbflHHHa. CaMOA'i^TeJbHOCTb, 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHBA. BftyTPEHHEE 0B03P*HIE. 749 

iiOTHfli, nrapoRiĚ KpjTOSoph, cirksafl HHHipaTHBa h ysiipeHHOCTB bi 

CBOHTb CHJian,— BCi dTH yCJOBÍJi, CTOJTL Heo6x0.2(H]OiIfl A^fl paSBHTÍfl 

xosflftCTBeHHoA x^TeJBHOCTH, HoryTb JIH OHH wbrh mícto npH coBpe- 
iieHHOirb noJiosemH Beniei? HeKajiUA npenarcTBifl BCTpbqaiOTi h CTpeH- 
jemA HacejeiiLi kb pasnaro po^a RoonepaiÓHirb. ]í^a nojyqema pa3p6- 
mema Ha onpHTie Kasoro-HHÓyAB o6n^ecTBa, TOBapHiuecTBa, 6u6jáoTeEM 
H T. n. npHxoAHTca npoHSBOAHTb Maccy coBepmeHHo mxnmEBTb xjo- 
noTB, npHTOifB o^eHL ^acTO ORasHBaDinHxcH fiespesyjTbTaTHUMH. Jífl, k 
BTB cjĚj^sA noiy^oBÍJi pa3pimeHifl A'6flTej[BH0CTb o6mecTBi cTaBHTCJi sa- 
HAcryio vh Tam pamH, Koropua jHmavnrE ee cepbesHaro sHa^eHia^.... 
AHaioraqHiia mhcjh BHCBasaHU Brb soniiTeTax^B KasancROirB, rpasoBei^- 

SOITB, HOBOTOpCKOlffb) pySCROlfB, XBaJUHCROlTB, AyXOBII(HHCROM%, HH»e- 

ropoACBOiTE, apsaMaecROiTb, ajieRcaHApoBCROirE (eRaTepHHOCJ. ry6.), hobo- 

MOCKOBCROITB, BeTJySCROlTB, eiIH(t>aHCRO]rb, R03JI0BCR0MI, p^SaHCROITB H jip. 

Apyroe o6cTOflTejBCTBo, na ROTopoMi qacTO 0CTaHaBJ![HBaK)TCfl romh- 
Teru — He^ocTaTO^floe pacnpocTpaeeHie Hapowaro oÓpasoBanúr. Thhh^- 
HuiiH, wb dToiTB OTHomemH, vosHO npHSHaTB aríjiyfomJM cjiobsl upejir 
tíbjsfiíTejii TeMHHROBCRaro ROMHTera: „TaRi nBXh npH coBpeMeHHuxi ycjio- 

BiffX^B aSHSHH yCntXTi BO BCtXT^ BH^aXl) npOHUmJieHHOCTH (bIB TOWb ^HCJrb 

H ceJiBCRO-xosjďcTBeHHoň) 3aBHCHTB 0TB CTenBHH npocBŠn^eHÍA Hapoj(a, 
TO HeotíxoAHMO npeAOCTaBHTB oÓn^ecTBeHEUMi yqpesAeHÍaM'B mHpoRyK) 
BOSMOSHOCTB CRopMmaro ocyi]i;ecTBjeHÍfl ofin^e^ocTynEocTH Hapoji;Haro 
o6pa30BaHÍii H oÓjrerHHTB pacnpccrpaHenie Bffb-niROJBHaro npocB'bn](eHÍH*'. 
TlpeA&kjífiLTejsh cMOjeHCRaro ROMHTera] noATBeps^aeri^ Ty se mucjib 
4>aKTEqecR0& cnpaBRoň: nepenHCBH) 1897-ro ro^a bb CMOJieHCROirb jísa^ 
o6HapyseH0 cmo deennih cejieHifi, bb ROTopuxB coBepmeHHo ne 6ujro 
rpaMOTHuxB xbteŘ,.. 

Bb ROMHTerax^B joxbhipcomb, ^^yxoBii^HHCRoirB, rpasoBei^ROiTB, HH»e- 
ropoACKOiTB injia pb^h o nepeM'bHaxB rb jyqineMy bb nojio«eHÍH 3eM- 
CTBa. „Bocnoco6jreHÍe cbjibcroě npoMHnueHHocTH Ha MicTaxB** — ro- 

BOpHTB Vb CBOeMB AfiKJlBJíib npeACtjl^aTejB TeMHHROBCRarO ROUHTeTa, 

„B03J[oseHo Ha o^HsaHHOCTB sevcRHXB yqpesA6HiĚ. Jí^a Toro, qTo6u 
OHB Morjra ycirbniHO ee HcnoJiHHTb, HeoĎxo^Hifo, qTo6u aeMCRoe npeA- 
CTEBHraiBCTBO HacejeHia óujío oprannaoBaHO bh6 sasECHMocTH otb 
cocJiOBHUX<B coo6paseHifi; htoCu seMCRia yqpe»3;6HÍH 6ujh npH6jH»eHH 
Kh cej[bCROMy xosHžcTBy H HacejeHÍio; HTo6bi seMCRHMB yqpeacAemjiMB 
ónjm ofiesneneHu HeoÓxoj^HMun hmb ycTofiqHBOCTB h caMocTOflTejBHOcTB, 
6earB ROTopuxB ohh ne xoryTB 6utb y;i;oBjreTBopHTeJBHUMH ópranaMH 
rocyAapcTBeHHaro ynpaBjíemfl^. JIoxbhoíríů ROMHTeTB BucRasajicH »a npn- 
BjeqeHÍe rb seircROMy oÓJoseHÍio npoMunueHHuxB npeAupiflTiž coo6pa3HO 
ch HXB qHCTOĚ AoxoAHOCTBK); 3a o6paii^eHÍe BB nojB3y 3eMCTBa rep(5o- 
BSTO c6opa CB apeHji.HuxB ROHrpaRTOBB H CB ji;oroBopoBB o npojiias-b 

ToMj, v.— OKTJiBPb, 1902. 48/ai 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



750 BftCTHHKl EBPOnU. 

cejBCKO-xosflžcTBeHHuxi npoAyKTOBX, a xaKse H'6ROTopoft AOJni RpibnocT- 
EhiTb íioniJiHHi»; 3a ocfio6oasAeHÍe seiícTBa otb HÍROTopux'b oÓAdareib- 
Huxi» pacxoAOBi^; sa otmíhy 4)HRcaiUH seiicRaro oÓJioseHla, sacTHrm^ 
jioxBHipcoe seMCTBo KBiKb pasi B'b TO Bpevfl, Eor^a ero Ó^Asen*, bcj:^- 
cTBÍe cjynažHuxi^ o6cTOiiTewibCTB'b, ÓUA^b pasBHn BecBMa cja6o. Bonpoci 
o co3ji;aHÍn MejRoft aeMCRot 6ahhhau noj^EATb vb ROHHrerax^ ro&iob- 
CROicb, apsaiíaccďcoirB, JíoxBmi^owb, rpasoBOi^Roirb ')• 

£oJi>inoe BEHuanie o6paI^aK>TI> roiiht6tu h Ha MaxepiaiBHoe noio- 
»eHÍe RpecTbflH'B. JIoxbhi^ríí ROMHreTi, BucjymaB-B, uemAj npoqHirb, 
saHBjeHÍe RpecTSdHi o6i OTflroTHxaiBHocTH jí^a hbxi BURynnuxi lua- 
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mHHCTBOBťb 23 rOJIOCOBl npOTHBl 19, CTOJromHXl 3a nOJHJD HXl OTMtHy), 

a TaKse sa oTM^ny He4»TAHoro aRi^Hda h da ycTaHOBjesie nporpeccHB- 
Haro noAOxoAHaro najiora. Bi nojBsy 3Toro Ha^ora pas^aJiHCB roioca h 
wb cMOJeHCROifb y'b3AiioM'b ROMHTert. Brb apaaMaccROM'^ ROMHTerb yqa- 
CTByDnue vb neirb RpecTbane yRadajiH na HenocHJiBHoe noAaTHoe oójio- 
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pa3BHTÍe RpecTBflHCRaro xosHžcTBa. BecBMa xapaRTepna Óecš^a RpeeTBaffb 

CT> UpeABO^Te^em ABOpAHCTBa H SeiíCRHirB HaH&IBHHROlfB ^) Bl BOA- 

CROifB y^AHóMi ROMHTert („HoBoe BpeMA^, J^ 9495). IIpeABOjUiTaiB, 
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dROHoififlx^B ocTajHCB jíjHmA seMJTO. A y nacB RaRaa sema-To? Eirb 
ea xyse. — IIpedeodumeAh, Hy, sto hb noTOMy; bbi Hamere sanrB napb 
R'B IIoTpoBy AHK), a vb 3R0H0MÍaxrB HamyTi Bl Ma'b. — 3^AK0e^ (RpeCTBaHHHB). 
y Ha(rB KB MaK)-To He ycnieTi CROTHna uonpaBHTBca: ona nocjrb aecen- 
Haro ciBa Aa nocjii shmu qyTB nora nepeABHraerB. — IIpedeodumeAh. Kop- 
MHTe. — 3blKoe^. ReH'kwb ropmhtb: sa SHMy h TaR'B bck> coioxy cbijí^rrb. 
Pa3Bt jierRO h suny, h JťbTO b'b ROHK)inH'b ^^psaTB? C%horocob'b y flaci 
HirB. — 3eMCKiú naHaMHUKh. OT^ero luioxo yjTy^maerca RpecTBHHCRÍi 
CROTTb? — 3blK06^t 3eMjiH Maao. — 3eAeHoe^ (TaR»e ŘpecTBAHHHx). Herxi 
aacTH H BTOTi CRorB (TorB »6 SejieHOBii BucRasuBaercA npoTHBi xvir 
HajpiaTHJiiTHHro cpoRa nepe^^JOB^B h 3a nepeA^JTB ^epesi Asa ro^a kb 
Tperiů). — IIpedeodumeAh. He jynme jh óílio 6h njioxoMy RpecTBaHHHy, 
ecjHÓu owb wb ropoA^B ymejTB h Tan^B qiiťB APyrHifB samuica? — Se- 
MHoeh. Mbi Bcb npHBURjiH cujsíbTb Ha aeiurb; Ha CTopony ne hphburjdi 
xoautb"... O^HnaROBO xapaRTepHCTHHHU 3A'í^cb h Bonpocu, h otbítu. Bo- 



*) 3a yiBepsHTejLHoe paapiraeHie SToro Bonpoca BHCKaaajrcji HexaBHO apociaBCEÍft 
ry6epHCKÍfi seHcsifi aROHOMH^ecRifi cobíti. 

') B-b pyacKÍfi ROMHTen* ne sbemch hhrto hsi aeMCRHxi Ha^aiBHHROBi, htú6u se 

CrbCHATb CBOHMl OpHCyTCTBieMl CB06o;iy pÍHH RpeCTBflHOb. 



GooQÍe 



Digitized by VjOOQ 



XPOHHKA. — BHyTPEHHEE (»03P*mE. 751 

npocu upeABOAHTejfl 6iijih, noBn^MOny, HanpaBJíeHii or^acTH npoTHB'B 
o6flqiHHaro Bja^inifl; otb^tu specTBHffL cBiu'6Taii»CTByE)TE o ToifB, tto 
OHH He cqHTai>rB ero ajia ce6ii spe^HUirb. 3a coxpaHeme o6ii^HHHaro 
BJiaA^Hifl BucKasaJca ej^Hoi?iacHO rpasoBeiiKíd KOVRTen. 

HpesBmafiHO HHTepecHa sanucRa o HeoóxoAHHocTH npeodpasoBaHÍA 
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cy.5?KaecKÍá yfa^Hfi KOMHreTB {j,Gn6. Bíjíoiiocth", ík 207). Ilo cjoBairb 
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cejD»tBxaj> Haeeieideirb RaH;i;Hj(aTOB^ Bcer^a daHHvaK)^ rk HHeHHO 
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HanpaBjesiK). Upohcxoahtb bto oti> Toro, ^to npH yTBepxAeHÍH KaJE^H- 
jíjBLTovh cyABaMH seHcsie HaqajiBHHKH pyKOBOACTByDTCA ysasaHÍeiTB bo- 
j[ocTHi>ix'B cTapmuHi H mieapefi, h yTBep»Aai>Ti> rbvh h3i hhx'b, rofo 
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BXOAflTB JIHl^a, BT» ÓO^BIDHHCTBÍ CJiynaOBl, ptfflHTejIBHO He OTB^HaD- 

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jíjdvh. CrapniHBa, nucapb, ^('ksonpoHSBOAHTejL h BOjrocTHue cy;i;BH, b'b 
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MfiBhTťMn, npoAyKTaiiH h BOARoň TA^ejrbe noTAHerB, totb h BUHrpaerB 
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dd^AHOCTB RpecTBaHCTBa, no HeTHHt rpoMa^Ha. HenpaBiLiBHocTB pimeHÍA 
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a RaccaiUoHHOMy cy^y 9To coBepmeHHO HeBosMosHO, oco6eHHO npn noj- 
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x)pHj;HqecRHX'B npaBaxi h o6fl3aHHOCTflxx. 3eMCRÍe HaqajBHHRH bjiíheIa 
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bhsíh h yRasaHÚi hx^b ocraBajiHCB ea 6yMai^, 6e3i> BCARaro <t>aRTHqecRaro 
npHMŽHema kb jsíhjíY. J'b3jí,nhie ci>ism npn pa3CM0Tp']^HÍH xhjrb bojoct- 
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CTpoeH'B Ha uenHcaHHOMi npas^b, o6uqa^, oco6eHHoirB yRjra^t RpecTBOH- 
CROĚ SHdHH H BHyTpeHHeMi y&kaíji,emE cy^efi. HaBJi3UBaA RpecTBAHaifB 
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cyn^ocTB A^&) HO, TaRB se RaR'B h cbiaji;!!, ctosti ho sa yRja^iCB Rpe- 
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npHcyrcTBifl Bxoji;flTB tojbro Asa jumfik c^ lopHAHqecRHirb o6pa30BaHieirB, 
BOTopoe jí^Jia. ocxajiBHBixi ^jiohobi ho o6a3aTejiBHo; Mea^y tíitb, oho 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



752 BftCTHHSl SBPOim. 

aBjaeTCH Kaccai^ioHHot HHCTaHoiež jím rpoMawaro sojiH^CTBa x'krb. 
Pimemfl ry6epHCKHX'b npHcyrcTBifi, vh ÓoiBniHHCTBt cjy^aeffb, npoTHBO- 
p^HETrB KPjrb APyry h, BCJriMcTBie woro, bhocatb BpewíjD líjTassasj 

Vb TOJ[ROBaHÍe 3aK0H0Bl. yiSjl^HRe C%Í8^ J^A paSÓOpa KbjTb Vb ir&CAITb 

HasHaHaDTb ABa aha, u ea caMoe cjyniaHÍe xbjíh, wb ;^ftCTBHTejiBH0CTH, 
ynoTpe6jifl]DirB sa XBa aha OTh 6 xo 8 ^acoBib h sa aro Bpexa paspi- 
nianrb otb 100 ao 200 flfbjn> cyAetffluxi, aa orb 20 a(^ 40 aAMHHH- 
CTpaTHBHUxi. BosMOSHO JIH wb RaBHXi-HHÓjAB 6—8 HacoBi pa3o6paTB 
200 A^^<2rB? EoHe^HO, h^tb: bi rb IV2 MHHyTU, Koropua hm^dtch 7 
ďibsAa na saacAoe a^o, bo3mosho passt tojibbo BusBaTB Kb cyAeftcsoiiy 
CTOjy CTopoH'B H cBHA'i^Tej[efi. BójLmaA ^acT& 9THX'b A'&n> — Basnaa, 
TaKB KaB% 3aBJ[K)HaeTi> vb ce&b cnopH no noseMeiBHOMy ycipoftcTBy, 
yrojiOBHiiH — o Kpasaxi, MomenHH^ecTFb h t. n. B&k bth a^& — 6ojAe 
HJH uenie cjoshiu h TpefiyioTrb a^^h CBoero pasptmemfl ne noiyropa* 
MHHyTHaro pascMorptnia, a Mentě cnimHaro h 6ojťbe TOJucoBaro. Cnim- 
Hoe H HeBHHMaTejBHoe pa3CtfOTp6HÍe a^jtb ^jienaMH yiBAHUxi fybisjíflwh 
oÓ^bflCHHercA rbirb, ^to ohh 0TnpaBj[HK)Ti> oiSasaHHocTH npaBocyAÚi ne 
no npHSBaniK), a Rasi 611 noBHHHOCTL Rasyi), h hobhhhoctb THsejyD, 
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pimHTB A'^0, jniniB 611 p^hihtb, TaiTB saiTB Heo5xoAHMO a'í^o cAaTB cb 
pysi. A npaBO jih oho ptmeno, hjth h^tb — hitb Abia hítb, h na cbod co- 
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TejBHO 3a TaBoe ace, ecjH ne MenBmee apeHa, pascMaTpHBaDTB A:kiá 
Vb eusfi 6ojBnieirB BOJH^ecTat, ^^bwb yt3AHue cbísau— OÓnufi bubojtb 
aBTopa BanncBU sa&sio^saeTca wb tomx, tto specTBaHCKoe cyAonpoH3BOA- 
ctbo nocTaBJíeHO vb ycjoBia, HMtK)n^a Maio oón^aro ci npaaocyAieiTB. 
Hoaaro b:b sanHCBŽ CKasano neiiHoro — ho naacHO to, ^to ona haotb hs^ 
specTBaHCBofi cpoAu, h npHTOiTB wb TaEoe BpeMH, BorAa nocTaajeffb Ha 
o^epeAB BonpocB o6rB yjyqmenÍH 6uTa cejiBcsaro HacaneHia. TpyAHO 

COMHiBaTBCa BT> TOITB, ^TO OAHHITB lS3fb CfBJÍfiTVb Kb AOCTHSeHÍK) dTOft 

níkjm aBJíaeTCfl HSMtneHie cyAeónuxi* nopaAKOBi, xas^ pejBe<{)HO h npas- 

AHBO H306paseHHHX'B CyASaHCBHlTB KpeCTBHHHHOMl — H CBOftCTfieHHia^b, 

Kone^Ho, ne OAHOMy cyAaancKOMy yfeAy. Botb, nanpHid^, ^t5 roBO- 
pHTB no STOMy noBOAy npeAc^A&TejiB cMOJieHCKaro ytBAnaro BOHHrera: 
„<t>yHK^ioH^py]0^iĚ y Hac7> BOJiocTHoň cyA'B, ci bo^octhuitb nncapeiTB 
BO rjiaBi, ne mrkerb HH^ero o6ni;aro cb K)pHcnpyAeHQÍeň. BsaTO^HHqe- 
CTBO Vb BOJiocTHuxi cyAax^B H ycMOTpime aojshocthuxi jh^b Vb aa- 
Mepax'B 3eMCEnx'B nanajíBHHROB^ CTajiH secBiia oóuAeHHUirB aajieHÍeirb 
H nopoAHJiH Vb HacejienÍH yóta&Aenie, ci oahoA cToponu, vb toitb, tto 
Mosno Ao6HTBCfl Bcero 3a BSHTsy, a cb Apyrofl — ^to ao^hshocthua joi^a 
nojiB3yH)TCfl nojiHMmefi 6e3HaBa3anH0CTBK) h BceMoryn^ecTBoiTB". 

HibiTb mnpe KOMHTeTLi noHHManrB cbok) 3aAaHy, t^itb Menie 6jnux>- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHKA. BHyTPEHHEE OBOSraHIE. 753 

CKJOBHO OTHOCATCJi Kb HHiTB Hi^OTopue óprasu ueHaTH. „FpasAftHHHi" 
Qt 65) noAxoAHTb ke Bonpocy ne npaMo: oh-b CTapaerca bosÓyahtb co- 

MrtHÍe Vh XOCTHSHMOCTH I^kVH, ROTOP]^!) OOCTaBEJIO CQÓi COBtn^aHÍe, H 

dTHVB nyreirB c^ysHTb h oÓesuBbrvih AtareiLHOcTt ROMHTeTOB'B. „Ot- 
^ero, — cnpamHBaera ohi, — bc4 nouHTRH, ne pa3% yae c;r6jaHHHJi co 
BpeMeH% noROĚHaro Bajiyesa, ROHi^eHrpHpoBaTB pe(t)opHaTopcKyiD pa<5oTy 
no cejibCRoicy xosaicTBy vh HerepCyprt, 0Ra3iiBaJHCB HeiipoH3BOj(H- 
TexbmníH h hh kb ^eny ho iiphbo3;hj[h, RaBi tojbbo bi oĎocipemiD 
anneriTOKB Kb nomTE^ecBot 6ojitobhí? Ottofo, tfo Taxa^ aa^a^a Óesy- 
cjiobho HOBiinojiHHiia, BCjrbjccTBie cjramBOirB ÓojBmoro pa3HOo6pa8Í£ 
irfacTHicLB ycjOBii Hamefi cejiBCKOfi sh3hh, npn KOTopuTB ne tojbko 
jcaamnĚ yÍ8A'B, ho pasHUfl mí^cthocth Ras^aro jí^jíjbí TpeóyDTB oco6ux'b 
Mbpb y^oBJíeTBopeHÍfl toí iuh ;(pyrot »H3HeHHoň HyasAU. ^hshhocrh 

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3ajia^. ?To6ii coB^ame Morjo noc^ysHTB kb AMcTBHTejiBHOMy yjyi- 
meidK) Hamero cejBCRaro xosflĚCTfia, oho aojisho saHATBCA BonpocoirB, 
KdKB CA^aTB, ^sTo6u Bci) pa6oTy H8UCRaHÍA npbpb Kb yjyTmeHiK) cejiB- 
csaro xo3flĚcTBa nepe^aTB wb ^^js^nie Ras^ofi ry(5epHÍH h Ras^aro yfeAa> 
coBciiTB ee Aei^eHTpajHSHpyfl h ocTasjíafl sa MHHHCTepcTBOirB 3eiLieji,'&iúi 
rjaBHUĚ pyROBOjUHTe^BHUĚ HaA3op:B sa mícthoh) paÓOTon''. Ho passt 
camfi Bonpoci o j^eiieHTpajHsaiýH, o ea sejiaTejBEocTH^ o ea upejsíb' 
jiaxi, He Tfeójerb npeABapHrejBHaro oÓcys^eHifl Ha ]r&CTax'B? Pa3BÍ 

pb^B HJterB o TOITB, ?T06U yCTaHOBHTB, OÓDlHlfB fl^ííl BCeĚ PoCCÍH aRTOlTB, 

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HacTOJiiKíi yMHcejTB raseru acewb: oea bhahtb, ?to cb yqpesA6HÍeirB 
KOHHreroBi HeH36isH0 BBUBHravyrcA Ha nepBuS njani Hi^ROTopue oón^ie 
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Hepu— H cTapaercA sarJiyniHTB hxi bi sapoAunrb, ocnapHsaa npaBHjB- 
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Bci 6bAu OAHHITB y^apoiTB — ypaBHemeiTB upaBi RpecTBflHHHa cb upa- 
BaMH jQ>yrHX'B cocjiobíA", oh'b o6BHEflerB hx'b vb Hesejtamu patforaTB, 
KB CTpeiueHiH OTji'&iaTBCfl OTB TpyAHOĚ sa^a^H OAHott TpecRy^eA ^ph- 
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KB ROMHTerairB,— „ptmaera oónui Bonpoci o Hya^axi cejBCRO-xoaai- 
cTBefiHofi npouiniJieHHOCTH? PasBi bto otb^ti na to, o nem> Bací cnpa- 
mHBaDTi"? DponoB^AyH „JoraiecRyio nocrenenHOCTB" h „yiitHBe chh- 
TaTB Ha weraxi", ohx peROMeH;^yeTB „ypaBHenie rycTOTti Hacejema", 
nyreiTB nepecejienia xyjflROBB h opjiOBixeBi b^b ryÓepniH noBropoACRyio, 
ncBOBCRyi), TBepcRyi), cob Bse^emeitB vb hmx'b „^'i^HCTpetfHTejiBHaro, 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



7 54 racTHHBi SBPOUH. 

a He jrbcooxpaHHTejrbHaro saROsa'', h on JiBSMB&eTb hbÓutobx TaÓejbHHxi 
AHeň, noompADi^ifi jrbHb ^HBOBHinecTBa h xpecTbAHCTBa. OAHHasoBO 
cja6u o6i ^acTH stoě apryMeHrai^iH: nojosHrejBHaa — noTOMy tto kojdi- 
qecTBO npa3AHHB0Bi», eo KpaflHeň Tíbpb wb ^epena^, He Mosero 6htb 
orpaHHHeHO osjmwb no^epKOirb nepa ^), a MaccoBoe oepecejeme rpe- 
6yeT% rpoMaiHÍ^flinux'B pacxojiOBi; OTpHAaTesbHaa— noTOMy ^to hh ojusB^b 
KOMHTerB He cbo^htl p'bnieHÍe ce^cBO-xosflňcTBeHHaro Bonpoca Hcuno- 

HHTeJlBHO Kl paBHOnpaBHOCTK SpeCTbflffB CB OCT&IBHUMH COCJOBÍJníH. 

Paaoitb C7» HeK) npej^JiaraercA MHoroe jipyroe, OT^acTH o6^ee, orqacTH 
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BaevBiS, MesAy npoHHBťB, npHBuqKOĚ k% caMocTOJiTejBHocTH, cosHam^rB 
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. HJiH CTÍcHeHiA. yRa3BiBaa Ha Heo6xoAHiiU4i npexHocsjíEH bchroA ^acTHoi 

p64)OpMU, ROMHTeTU HCnOJEHADlTB, TaRHlTB OÓpaSOlTB, CBOD apflMyD 06sí- 

saHHOCTB. He roHHACB 3a „TpecRywHH 4)pa3aMH^, ohh nojCHepBHBaoTB 
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^To Bo MHorMX'B ROMHTeTaxi* (Cy^sa, CMOjeacRi, Apsavacib, Tcmrhrobi) 
nocTanoBRa „o6npix'B BOHpocoBi" HCXo^HTib otb npej;cÍAaTeji4i, T.-e. otb 
ytewaro npeABOAHTeja ;i;BopHHCTBa. 

O jsíkarejíhEocfrK rydepHCRHxi ROMHTeroBi mu HMieirB noRa o^eoh 
na^o cwkflfbBiŘ'^ nysHo npejinojiosuTB, ^to ohh, uocjií nepBHxs pacno- 
pA;i;HTe;iBH£ix'B 3ac'faj(aHiň, otjioshjih npojKOjiaceHie cbohxi saHariA j^o 
OROHqaHÍH pa(5orB yisj^Huxi ROMHreTOBi. KieBCRÍĚ ryÓepHCKÍň ROHHrerB 
npfltfo nocTaHOBHJx nocTaBHTB na nepnyn oqepeAB oseaRoiueme cb xpy- 
AaMH yfajiHHxi ROMÍreTOB^. H31 qHCjra bthx-b ROHHreroBi nerupe— aa- 
HeacRid, JiHnoaei^Riň, SBeHMropojccRÍĚ h TapaniaHCRÍA — npHSHt^DTB Heoóxo- 
^^HMUiTB BBeAenie sencTBa. cfb bu6ophiimm ynpaBaiiH, j^ie npoBejiamA 
Wh SH3HB MÍ^ponpiflTift, HanpaBjeHHuxi» Kb hoahjitíi) cejiBCRO-xoaiificTBeH- 
Haro npoHucja. Ti »e RouHTeni BucRasajTHCB sa mHpoRoe paaBSTie 
HapoAHaro oópaBOBania, o(!ni;aro h cneidajiBHaro; 3a HsiAneme upaso- 
Buxi jcjioBiŘ, BT> cMHCjrt ypaBHeHÍH cej[BCRaro HacejeHia ci^ ocTajiBHincH 
cecjiOBÍHUH; sa yMeHBmeHíe npaB[ux'B h R0GBeHHUxi» HajroroBi, naAai>* 
ni;Hx% Ha casBCRoe nacejieHie. Rb He-3eMCRHX'B ry6epmaxfB BiipasajDTCfl, 
TaRHiTB oópasoiTB, vb se uosejanifl, hto h b'b seKCRHxi— h vb aroiTB 



') UptinoMHinrb, ^tó roBopui A. H. dHre.ibrapjrn, bi cboexi H^BtcTHicrb ^Ilacb- 

Maxi H31> AepeBBH*', o npHHHHaXl B03HÍ1RH0B«HÍA KHOrHXl ffipeBeS^VSTb ^)A8AHBB0W 



Digitized by ViiOOQIC 



XPOHHKA. — RHyTPEHHBB 0B03P*HIE, 765 

HejBSX He Biauci^TB Hosaro A0Ka3aTejbCTBa tomj, tto ohu ho HaB^HHti 
mBB% a BEiTeRaK)irB 113^ Tpe6oBaHÍft sh3hh. 



KpoMt sasoHa o BBr&6pa?Hux'b a^taxi^, pascMOTp&HHaro naHH b'b 
aBryGTOBCBoiTB BHyrpeHHeirB oóodýbmví, b'b Tepeme HHHyBmaro jri^Ta 
o5HapoAOBaHo enie HtcsojiBRO HOBSirB ysaROHesia, óojFbe hjh Mentě 
BasHHxi. JlBa Bdi HHxi BacaDTCfl ABopflHCTBa: OAHO HM^ero UÍkjíht) 
yeoBepmeHCTBOBaHie ^BopaHCKHx-B yqpe«;íeHÍfl, jípjmwh oprannsyiDTca 
ryóepHcm j^bopahcbía Raccu BsaHMonoMoii^H. FjaBHUfl HOBOBBeAeHÍA, 
BHeceHHUA Wh ycrpoĚCTBO h <|>yHKipH abopahcrhxi pipesj^eHiá, saRjri)- 
laDTCfl B^ TOMi, ^iTO ^liBopAHCTBy pa8p'bniaeTca HsÓHpaTB, vb cjryqat 
Ha^oÓHOCTH, noMOBJ^HRa yšsAHaro npej^AHreja ABopflHCTBa, ROTopoHy 
nocjrb^mŘ MOzerB nopynaTB HcoojíHeflie vbTb hjih ;i;pyrBxi> hsi ^HCJia 
eBOHX'B oóosaHHOCTeĚ, a ea mícto ABopaHCRaro jienyTaTCRaro cotfpaHÍH 
eraBHTCH co^HÍe npe^BO^HTejet h A^uyTaTOBi, ci Óojite niHpoRHMi 
RpyroiTB xbňcTBÍŘ. y^pes^enie aojiichocth noMOBi;HHRa yi^AHaro npeA- 
BOAHTejfl coBepraeHHO hohatho: noRa iipexBo;i;HTejiB coxpaHflerb Ty pojB, 
ROTopaa co8ji;aHa ]í,js nero irfcjmrB pa^oMi nocTaHOBjeniú, o6H3aHHOCTH 
ero TaKB vHoroqHCJieHHH h pasHOoópasHU, tto oiíHaMy jiHqy cnpaBHTBca 
es HH¥H HejierRO, h pa3A'6jieHie Tpy^a necoMRtoHo Moxerb c;rl^aTB 
ero 6ojr6e cepBesHUirb h npoHSBOAHrejBHuirb. Hn^ero Hej[b3a cRa3aTB 
H npoTHffb Boajosenia ea ccópame npeABoj^HrejreS h AenyraTOBi npH- 
roTOBHTejiBHiirB paÓOTib no ^BopaHCROMy cotípaHiro, T.-e. npe^íBapifrejB- 
Haro o6oysji;eHÍH jsfbjph h BonpocoB%, no^JiezamHxx pasptmeniE) co6pa- 

HÍH, a TaRSe BCfax-b npHHOCHMUXl ABOpflHCTBOlTB BCenOM&HHMlUHX^ 

xo^ataftcTBi H ajípecoB^. B% noojri^eeirB cjry^at hobhí saROHi (ct. 18 
nyn. 3) Tpeóyero ynacTia bi coópaniH Bctx'b npejíBO^cHTejiefi ryóepHÍH 
mm jTHQfB Hx-B 3a]rbHHK)in;HX'B h c^Hraerb nocTaHOBJceme cocTOABmHMCfl 
jHniB npH npHHJrríH ero 6oj[biiihhctboh'b ne MeH'6e AByx'B xpereň na- 
jiHqHaro cocraBa co6paHÍff. ]í^a nact ee coBdbm jícho SHa^eHíe aroro 
npaBHJia. Moa^TB cjiyqHTBCH, ^to wh 3aci;(aHÍe, Henocpej^CTBeHHo npe^- 
mecTByDíitee OTRpuriio ABopHHCRaro co6paHÍA, ne aBsiTca hh npe;i;BO- 
AHTejb RaRoro-JHÓo fb3js,A, HH ero saMicTHTejiB — ne ebhtím BCjr6ji;cTBÍe 
He8aBHcan](iix'B on hhx^b npE^HHi, 6e3ycj[OBHo HeycTpaHHKEix'B; neysRejiH 
8T0 jífixSMO cjfysHTB npesJíTeTBieirB r% BHeceHÍK> bi^ co6paHÍe .xo^arait- 
CTBa, BOBĎya^aromaro, 6htb Moaen, Bonpoci. nepBocreneHHOŘ h neoT- 

JTOSHOt BaSHOCTH? HoOÓXOiCHMO JTH, ^06u BO KSLSRMfiVY xojo^aTaficTBy 

BUCRasaJiHCB HenpeifiHHO npeitBO^HTOJiH ^n»a7» yi^AOB^, h BUCRa3ajiHCB, 
opHTOiTB, HMeHHO vh co6paHÍH npe;íBo;íHTejieft h jíenyTaTOBi, a ne bi^ 
ABopBHCRoiTB eo6paHÍH? Rivh ocHOBaHÍH DpeABOjaraTB, ^rro Msi^Hie npejn- 
BOAHTejui no AftHHOMy npejpieTy coBnajiaerB cb MH^HÍeirb óoJBniHHCTBa 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



756 BMTUJm EBPOIQI. 

ABopxffB ero yisjD^a; víirbj cjr&j^OBaTaibHo, noBO^a npHxaeai^ oco6eHHoe 
3Ha^eHÍe y^acTÍD npeABO^HTejiii vh npej^BapHTeJiBHOirb o(ScyiBj(eHÍH bo- 
npoca, o ROTopoMi 6yAyirb npoHCxoAUTL npenia bi» ABopaH(»oirB co6pa- 
Hín — npeHLs, bi» BOTopiiix'B co BceK) nojHOTOE) Mosen biuchhtbcíi na- 
CTpoeEie BasAaro ybd^a. Raj^b noHHvaTB, MfiJcbe, npaBUO, ofiycaoBjra* 
BaDn^ee ^'^ňcTBHTejíBHOCTB nocTaHOBjema ÓojiBniHHCTBOirb AByx!& Tperet 
rojocoBi? CjriMiyerB jh OTCD^a, hto npoeKTB xo^araŘCTBa, ne noiy^HB- 
miň Tasoro 6ojrBinHHCTBa, BOBce He bhochtcb wh ^BopaHCKoe co(^>aHie? 
EABa jIH. Go6paHÍe npe;i;BOAHTej[eň h AenyTaTOBi ae saiitHAeTrb co6od 
ABopjEíHCKaro co6paHÍH: oho ne pimaerB, a tojbbo nojtroTOBJjieTB xíiíí, 
noAJiesamifl Bt;i;ÍHÍH) nocjr&AHHro. IIpoesTB xo^aTaňCTBa, 3a soTopiii bb 
co6paHÍH npe^BO^^HTeJieň h AenyraTOB^B BucBaseTca npocToe óojbiiihh- 

CTBO — HJHH XOTJI 6u MeHBHIHHCTBO, XOTA ÓU HBXe OfíiWb rOIQCl, — BCO- 
TaKH AOJ[SeH'B 6UTh paBCMOTp^Hl ABOpJiHCBHMl COÓpaHÍeiTB, TOJIBKO 6e9B 

Tot np63yHni^ÍH b'b ero noJHiBy, jKOTopyio cos^ajo 6u npHHATie ero sea- 
qHTejiBHUMi 6ojiBinHHCTBoirB npej^BOAHxejieň h A^nyTaTOBi. B% eacrofl- 
n^ee Bpeiui HHHiiiaTHBy xo^axaňcTBa Mosen bsatb na cefifl xb6oř HJeHB 
;(BopAucKaro coópaHÍA; OAOÓpeHHoe npocTiarB óoJBniHHCTBOirB codpaek, 
OHO nojyqaeTB ^ajiBHŠfiinee ABHseme. Mosho jh AonycTHTB, ^ro bb 
6yAyii(eifB oho aojsho c?HTaTBCfl naKB 611 OTKiOHeHumrB, ecjH sa Hero 
He osaseTCfl AByx'B TpeTed rojocoBi bb co6paHÍH npejgsoxHrejei h ffi- 
nyTaTOBi? ToiEOBaTB saROHi TasHirB oÓpasoirB, SHaiHJo 6u bh^tb bb 
HeMB ynaJieHie npani ABopAHCTBa — a owh HanpaBjeHi kb hx'b pacniB- 
peniK). BojAe ^iwh AOCTaTOwoĚ rapanTÍeS npoTHBi xo^aTaftcTBi, bu- 

XOAHU(HX'B 3a HpeA'Í^lI B']M;OMCTBa ABOpflHCRHXB C06paHÍA, CJlJXBTb ^HO- 

Kpei^ioHHaa BjacTB ero npeAci^aTeja — ry6epHCRaro npej^BOjmrejJi abo- 

pjiHCTBa. 

^BOpHHCKOMy C06paHÍD H3JiaBHa HpHHaAJreSHTB HpaBO HCSJnO^ITB 

H3i^ CBoefi cpoAU ABopflHHHa, onopoHeHHaro cy^oirB, Hjra xasoro, ,,boto- 
paro ABHuft H óes^secTHufi nocTynosB bcíitb H3BÍbcTeffB, xota 6u osb 

Cy^HlTB He tíuJTB". OcTBBJIHa B^ CEjA dTO HpaBO, HOBUft SaSOHl BOBJía- 

raeTB npeABftpHrejniHoe pascHOTptHie uom,o6buxi> jíj^jrb Ha co6paHÍe 
npeABOAHTejeft h AenyTaxoBi, Tpe6yA, npHTOirB, Tasoro se cocTaBa co- 
6paHÚi H TaKoro se ÓojiBmHHCTBa fojiocob^, saicB h j^h npe^BapsTejo- 
naro pascMorpimH BceHo;u;aHHbAniHX'B xo^aTaficTBi. Bii^t6 cb lim 
ceÓpaHÍK) npeABOAHTejeft h xenyTaioBi npeAOCTaBjjieTca TasaA ffflcm' 
HJiHHapHaH BjacTB, saKoft ne hm^o j^o chxi* nopB hh A^nyTaxcRoe, hh xbo- 
pjiHCKoe co6paHie. ryóepHCRÍfi npeABOAHxejiB ABopAHcraa, no Aornexanorb 
Ao Hero oAjsíkmHWh o necoBiri^THoiTB c% aoctohhctbom^b ABopHHCBaro SBSr 
hía nociyoBi BxoAfln^aro bb cocTaBi MŠCTHaro ABopAHCKaro ot^n^ecTBa Wh 
pHHHHa, npe^JiaraerB 8th cwbjsíbiáa. co6paHÍK> npeABOAHrejiei h j(,enj' 
TaTOBB ABopflHCTBa. Co6paHÍe npej^BOAHTOJiei h A^nyTaTORB HasHa^iaefB 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHRA. BHyrPEHBEE 0B03P*HIE. 757 

ABopoHHHy, O Koewb npoHdBOji^cTBO Bosójs^eHo, cpoiTB j!,j[H iipeACTaBjre- 
HLfl o6'BJiCHeHÍĚ no ji^&iry h npHr^amaeTi ero bi> sact^ame, bte zoewh 
X^o HasHa^eHO Kb cjymaHiiD. Ho pascMorpteiH o6cTOflTejiBCTBnB ^a, 
nepejMUiHaro na ero oócysA^HÍe, co6paHÍe vxb&rb npaBO pa3ibflCHHTB 
XBOfpBMRWjf HenpaBHJiBHOCTB coBcpmeHEaTO HVB nocTynKa hjih c^t^aTB 
exy npe^oerepeseirie. nocraHOBJíeHHoe ptmeme HeiceAJreHHo npHBo- 
ABTCfl Bi HcnojHeme ryfiepncBurb npej^BOAKrejieirB ABopHHCTBa. J^Bopa- 
HHRi», noABepnniicfl BSiicsaHÍE), MOserB, b% cjiyqaš Hapymemfl ycTa- 
HOBJíeHHaro jgia npoHSBOACTBa chxi xks% nopjiAKa, oCiisajOBaTB pí^me- 
HÍe, vh AByxHeA'6JBHfiiĚ cpoirB co ahíc otíuiBJíeHÚf, DpaBMrejiBCTBynii^eMy 
Cesaxy (no nepBOMy jienapraMeHry). Ilpn paacMorp&uiH noAOÓnuxi a&tb 
xpeiSyercfl (KairB h wh cjy^anxi, ynoManyTim HaiiH sumě) nenpeiiiH- 
H06 yqacrie bcžxi npeABOAnrejet ryóepniH hjih jrai^, hxi saiftHHi)- 
mHX'B, H nocTaHOBJ[eHúi no^HTaDTca cocroABniHMHCH fb cjyHa'6 npHHA- 
Tifl jsTb 6oJi[BmHHCTBOirB HO MeH^o x^jTb Tperefi roJocoBx HajraqHaro 
coeTaBa co6paHÍH. 

B% casoň CTeneHH h sairB co6paHÍH npexBO^Hrejeft h A^nyraTovB 
ÓjXíTb nOJíBSOBaTBCa CBOHMlt HOBEUTB upaBovB — noRasoTB BpenH; Te- 
nepB HosHO TOJbKO OTvbTHTB HecoMHÍHHo onacHUH ero CTopoHu. Kop- 
HopaTHBHUĚ cy;^ qecTH noHATOffB h nojesen^ TorAft* Ror^a y ^jbeob^ 
sopnopaiuH ecTB o6mfiLa A^xejiBHOCTB, xonycsaDn^an ycranoBJíeHie 06- 
mjsxi^ npaBHJB, pasBHTÍe oÓmeoĎHsaTeiBHKxx o6BniaeBi. TaROBa, Ha- 
npmfipB, Ropnopauúi npHCJiSHurB noBtpeHH£ix'B, opránu KOTopot— 
cobítu— BHpa6aTUBaK)rB a^BosaTCKyi) dTHRy h npecjrib^yiOTB oTCTynjenifl 
OTh naa; TaRono o6n(ecTBO o<}»HixepoBi Jiannaro nojuca hjeh ^ipyroň boA- 
cKOBot qacTH; TaROBO, Ao HSBtcTHoi CTenoBH, Bpaqe6noe cocjOBie isjm 
coBORynnocTB jihi^, npo<f)eccioHa«irBHO sanHiiann^Hxcji jrHTepaTypniinrB 
TpyA(»rB. CoBepmeHHo HniurB BBAa&rca noJLOsenie ABopancRaro o6n^e- 
CTBa; jiHi^a, BxoAflnuji vb ero cocxaBi, ne ofiieAnnenu hh o^nopoA- 

HOCTBD 3aHATÍA, HH OAHHaROBOCTbK) npHSBaHLi, HH CXO^CTBOVB BSFJA- 
MjOVb. IIOHflTÍe o TOITB, 9T0 COBirbCTHO HJIH HeCOBlfiCTHO Ch AOCTOHH- 

CTBOKB ABopaneRaro SBania, ouH^aerca, noaroMy, RpaňHei) Heonpe;^^ 
jieHHOCTBD; TpyAHO HJH, Jiyqme CRasaTB, hobosmosho BUBecTH hstb Hero 
AeMapRaipoHHyK) ^epry, HapymenieirB ROTopoft onpaBjcuBajiocB 6u bos- 
6yaEAeHÍe ;^cuHnjHHapHaro npoHSBOACTBa. Bthhi, no BceA bípoathocth, 
o&b&cmieifca 3aR0Hi», b'b cHJiry ROToparo hobo^oitb vb ucKA^Heniio ;p30- 

pflHHHa rax XBOpflHCRarO C06paHÍA MOFB — H MOSeTB-^CJíyiRHTB TOJBRO 

noeTynoKB jieno ČeanecmíMů. MecTB — oxblsl h Ta aRe ajuí bcíxi; ht5 npo- 
THBHo efl TpetíoBaniairb — aro onpe^tjraTB cpaBHHrejniHo Heipy^Ho. H31 
Toro, OTO qecTHHft ofipasTB A'^CTBÍfi npH3HaeTCH ocoóeuHO oÓJiaameAh- 
HtíMb óám deopjMUHa, en^e ne BureRaeirB cyn^ecTBOBame OC060A deopnu- 
cKOu Heemu. HcRjiD^aeTCJi abophhhhi ho sa to, ^to on'B yRjiOHHJicfl 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



n 



758 racTHHSi EBPonu. 

OTB opeAnHcaHÍĚ btoS ocoóoň "secTH, a 3a to, tto ohi> ee ocrajrcff bíp 
peHi» oÓti^uMb npaeuAUMPb necmu, oÓnsuBaBímnrb ero— eciH pysoBO^cTBO- 
BETBOJi AeBHSoiTB: noblesse oblige, — h keki lejroBi^Ra, h sairB j^BopaHHHa. 
HoBuň sasoHi HAers ropad^co AaiLme: roBopA o nocryiiRax^B, secoBiri^T- 
Hux^B (Tb docmouHcmeoMh deopHHCKaxo seamn, owh KaiTB 5u cos^aerB 
upeACTaBoreme o6i» ocoóod ;i^opahcboě ^ecTH, óesrpaHH^HO djracTiraHoe 
H AonycKaDmee óesBOHeHHoe pasHooÓpasie TOJiEOBami. Xopomo, no 
Kpaftueň nifih, ^ro pt^B s^eirB tojkro o noemynHaxh, a ne o mhí- 
Híflxi, He o HacTpoeeíAxnb. YcepAHiiDrb h6 no pasyiiy cropoHHHsairB 
„ABopflHCBaro npHBiJ^na*' xot&iocb 6ii boopjshtb abopahctbo ahci^i- 
njHHapHOK) BJiacTBH) HaA^B ,,HecorjacHO micjijni^HMH*' j^Bopanaini. Ob 
oco6eHHOK) flCHOCTBD dTO sejiaHÍe BupasHjrocB vb ctb,tíA: „Mucjth abo- 
paHHHa**, HaneqaTaHHOÍ kb J6Í6 50 — 52 „rpaawaHHHa": OHa poBOMen- 
Ajevb „copTHpoBKy ABopjiH^B 00 ytítxAeHifliTB", nyTeiTB HcsjíoqeHiH hbb 
ABopflHCKaro oómecTBa BaBi abophetb, ho JiBjíADn^Hxcfl bi abopahcbúi 

COÓpanifl, TER^ H ABOpflHl „JHÓepaJBHUXx". JÍ^BOpflHHHlb,— BocBjnmaeTB 

nponoB^AHUKB eAHHOMiícjíiii, — „ABopflHHHi HB cirbeirB ÓBiTB jraóepajieHi; 
nosBOJflTB ce6i Maii^ltniyK) KpnTHsy cyn^ecTByDm^ro nopa^R^ ABopn- 
HHHy ne npHJiHHecTByerB... KpHTHRa h nporecTB npoTHBi npaBirrejiB- 
CTBa co CTopoHU ABopflHi, HO cjiysHJiuxi H cjy8HJiux'B, npecTyoBa; aro 
nsM^na npHc^rb, MyHAHpy, saB^maHÍAirB npe^BORB h Bceicy rocy^apcny. 

RpHTHEa 6e3CMUCJieHHE, TEKB KaRl npaBHTeJBCTBO eCTB TO 3Ke ABOpHH- 

CTBO, u BcasiĚ nporecTB octb caMoocysAeme^ (I). HyiRHo HaxiflTBCfl, 
TTo Tasie B3rjAAU ne naĚ^yrB OTroJOCsa wh coópaHiaxi npeABOiHrejdl 
H AenyTaxoBB; HHa^e peAaR^iH Hosaro saRona oRasajracB 6u He^ocra- 

TOHHOfi rapEHTÍefl J^JÍH ABOpflHl, 8anOA03ptHHUXl Wh „JH6epaJH8]ff . 

CBasaHHua hjíh HaneqaTaHHUA hmu cAoea nerpy^no 6iiJ0 6u bosbocti 
na cTeneHB nocmynKoeh, necoBMibcTHUx^B (tb „aoctohbctboitb ABopun* 
CKaro SBania". 

6o3Bpani;aeMca kb npaBHJrairB, peryjHpyK)n];HirB BOS^yasAeme wcajmjar 
Hapearo npoHSBOACTBa. OóflsaTOJiBHO jh oho RasAuft pasi, Ror^a rytfepH- 
CRÍft npeABOAHTeJíB coo6ninrB cotfpaHin npeABOAHTe^ei b A^nyraTOBB 
„AonieAniiH ao nero cbía'&bíh o nocrynRft, necoBiri^THoiCB (tb aoctomh- 
CTBoiTB ABopflHCRaro 3BaHifl'*? ByRBa saRona roBopHTB cRopte wb noxbsy 
yTBepAHTejTBBaro OTB^Ta ea stotb BonpocB; ho e^aa jh ofb 6axh ůu 
corjaceHii (tb cMucjioirB saRona. IIpeACTaBHirB cetít, hto CBiAtoú, coo6- 
n^CHHiia ryóepHCRHifB npeABO^HTejeM^B, Óy^yTB HaĚAOHU coÓpameirB 
ne 3acJlyaBHBaK>^^I]lH, no cavoiiy CBoeiiy HCToqHHRy, HHsasoro Aovi^ía, 
HJiH caMijfi nocTynoRT*, ROToparo ohh RacaDTca — ne saRJDiann^HirB bb 
ce6^ HH^ero HecoBiri^THaro cb aoctohhctboitb ABopaecRaro sbehía; se- 
ysejiH npoHSBOACTBO, BcerAa RpaáHe Tflseaoe h Henpi^THoe tffl o6bi- 
HaeMaro, sce-raRH ao.isho 6utb Ha^saTO, HeysejiH coópame ne kb upasi 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHKA. — BHTTPBHHEE OBOSPiHlE. 759 

iipoMo OTKJTOHHTB flBHO HeocHOBaxejBHoe o6bhh6hí6? GocjoBHoe y^pes- 
jj^eme, oCjeneHHoe AHC^H^JHHapHOK) aiacTBio, coeji^HHfleTB wb C66'b, b'b 
CHjy cBoero HasHaHeBÍJi, <i)yHBaÍH oÓBHHHxeJiBQoň saMepu h <f>yHEii;ÍH 
cy^a; npex^e hí^itb oepeňTH kb nocji']^ji;HHirB, oho aojsho ucqepnaTB 
nepBUfl, T.-e. jí,ojíxbo npHSHaTB, ^tto ecTB AOCTaTO^iHut noBo;^ Kb bos- 
6ysiieHii> npecjrbAOBaHifl. jI,pyroft Bonpoci, ne pasptmaeMuň saKOHOMi, 
saKno^aercH b'b toitb, b^ npaBi jih jthko, ocysAeHHoe co6paHÍeirB npeji^- 
BOAHTejeĚ H ^enyiaTOB^b, npocHTL ji^pAHCKoe co6paHÍe o nepecuoTp']^ 
pbmeEuň %aJo6a cenaTy MOseT:B Kacaibca tojbro HapynreHifl 4k)pm'b 
npoHSBOjíCTBa — H 8T0 coBepmeHHO EOHaTHO, noTOMy qxo upnaBame ce- 
Haia ne mrbeTb HH^ero oCn^aiK) cb npHSBaHÍeirB cocjioBBaro ^HCi^HnjH- 
HapHaro cy^a; ho ABopancKOMy co6paHi«>, sasrb HHCTaHiŮH Bucmeň no 
OTHomeHiD Kb co6paHÍK) npej^BOAHT&ieft h AenyraTOBi* h b^ to se BpeMA 
CB BHiTL OAHOpOAHod, cji^AOBajo 6u HpeAOCTaBHTB HOB^pRy pimeHÍfl no 
cyn^ecTBy, bo H86d^aHÍe npHCTpacrifl, Bcer^a BOdMoacnaro co CToponu 
He6ojibniož KO.oenH. H']teoTopod rapanTÍefi cjryasHrB TpeÓOBanie npH- 
cyTCTBÍfl B'B 3adMiaHÍH Bcixi npe^BO^giTejieň (hjih jihii^ hxi saMtEan- 
ihhx-b) h óojMnHHCTBa AByxx TpeTeň ro;iocoBT»— ho oho He^íocraToqHo 
oóesne^HBaeTb oÓBHHfleifiJX'^, oco6eHHo vb TbL% cj[ynaflx'b, Eor;i;a b'b 
xb^ BOSHHRaerB Bonpocrs npHHi^HniajnkHaro SHaienia. Tojlbo ABopjiH- 
CKoe co6paHÍe, npHTOirb, MOserB craraTBca aBTopHTeTHinrb BHpadHre- 
jieiTB BsrjuiAOBi, rocnoACTByE)n(Hx:b kb m%cthomi abopahcboitb o6m,e- 
ctbí^; ho AapoBfB se npaao HcsjíD^eHk XBopan^b ocTaeTca sa ABopaH- 
CKHtfB co6paHÍeirB, a ne nepej^aerca coópami) npe^BOAnre^et h A6ny- 
TaTOKB... Sajtbnswb, vb 3aRJ!no^eHie, ^to k^ A&iairb AHcipin.iHHapHinrB 
ej^BajíH npHii'bHHMo to npaBHjo HOBaro sasona, KOTopuirB ryóepHCEOMy 
npeABOAHTejíK) ABopancTBa npe^ocraajeno npHrjiamaTB B^saci^AaHia co- 
6paHÍfl npeABOAHTejiefi h AenyraTOBi, cb npaaoiTB coBŽni;aTej[BHaro ro- 
Jioca, cTapfcftniHxx h no^eTHMniHxi ABopasB ry(5epHÍH. YnacTie TaaHX-B 
jiHi^ MoseTi 6UTB nojesHO npn oócys^enÍH oónqixi BonpocoB^B, ho 
OHO 6iuo 6u coBepmeHHO neyirfecTHO Kb A^axi* jh^hux^b, pimeme ko- 

TOp£IX'B HOJSXaO 3aBHCÍbTB HCRJIlO^HTeJBHO 0TB nOJTHonpaBHUXl H BCJ^- 
CTBÍe TOrO OTB^TCTBeHHUXl UeHOFB KOJJieiiH. 



ry6epHCRÚi ;^BopaHCRia RaccH BsaHMonoMon^H, ycTpoflcTBO ROTopux-B 
npewcTaBJíeHO ycMOTpimK) ABopancRHxii cofipanifl, hmšiotb n$jíBK) osa- 
SHBETB irbcTHUifb noTOMCTBeHHtiiTB ABopAHaiTB-deMJieBJíaj^BuairB co;^- 
CTBÍe Kb HjaTesax^B no AOJrraMi, oÓesneqeHHUii^ sajroroirB hx^b hhšhíA, 
a TaEse no cJiynaD pasHuxi* 6ÍACTBeHHi)ix'B coóutíě. Ochobhoě aanH- 
TaxB RaccH oópaayerca, Meayiy npoHHJTB: 1) h3^ eAHHOBpeMeHnaro, npn 
OTRpuTÍH RaccH, accHrHOBaHÍa uKb cyHiTB rocy^apcTBennaro Easnanei- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



"n 



760 nCTHHBl BBPOnH. 

CTBa, FB paaiiipt, onpejd^aeMoirb no Henoq)eACTBeHHOMy ycMorpimi) 
Ero HHnepaTopcBaro BejH^ecTea; 2) mi> abophhcroS cejrarh, jctu- 
HOBJAeMoň Bi> oóuRHOBeHHoirb Hjra HMeiTHO AJiA Toro codUBaeMOiTB ^pes- 
BKqaftHOVB ^CBopaHCKOifb co6paHÍH, no nocTanoBJíeHiR) ne Honte XByrb 
Tperefi npHcyTCTBynn^Hxi bi» co6paHÍH xBopan-B, n 3) mrb eserojcHaro, 
Bi Te^enie a^cjith j6tb, noco6iii otb Řasnu fb pasiiiiprb ;^ftcTBiiTejn>- 
naro nocTyn^enÍA bi> Raccy sa npeAmecTBOBaBmift vojscb BumeyRaBaHHot 
j^BopAHCRofi cRJiaARH. 3anacHoft RanHTajTB Raccu cocTanjiAeTCfl hsi ?h- 
CTUxi npHÓujcefi en. Ccy^u na noRpuTÍe njiaTeseft Moryn 6utb Biaa- 
BaeMU Rasi^ nojcb sajiorB isxbmH, TacB h sa nopy^HreJBCTBoiTB jsjxjTb 
ÓJaronajitesHux-B ABopflHi&-3eMJi6BJiajr6.^Bi(eBx (ne cocTOflmHX'B saeini^- 
RaMH Raccu); wb nepBoirB cjiy^íA ccy^a MoseTB 6mh BU^AHa jramB 
Tor^a, ecjTH bm^tí ci nei> sa^oJsennocTb niffanifl ne ni)eBUCHTB 90^/o 
ero oirbHRH. Pasifip^ ccyxu ne AOJseni npeBumaTb 20^/o oén^eS cyrnni 
Bctx^B oóesneqeHHiixi sajoroiťb hmíbía aojtobi. HanÓojBunt cposB 
BosBpaTa ccyAU, Bu^aHEoft na noRpuiie njiaTe»e& — naTH^rbTnift, ccyAU 
no cjyHaiD čtACTBennaro coóurifl — AByxroxoBOĚ. Ccy^u nocjrbAnnro pojia 
BUfifijffTca H8'B cpeACTWb sanacnoro RanHrajra Raccu. Ilpn Bug^a^i ccyjqi 
noA'B sajors Euima Racca hjh ycTanoBJAerB na^sopB sa ero ynpasje- 
nien, hjih se npHHHMaerB ero vb cBoe ynpaBjenie Bnpe^B mjo nora- 
menÍA AOJira Raccb. Do xo^araftcTBy Raccu, bb ynpaBjrenie ea MoryTB 
TaRse 611TB nepeitanaemi niri^niH, sajfosennun bb rocy^apcTBennoirB 
ABopancROVB 6aHR£ H Hasna^sennHH hitb bx npoji;a»y ci nyójnqnaro Topra; 
jí^ífí sToro TpeóyercH nocTanoBjenie coB'bTa ji;BopflHCRaro 6aBBa, coctohb- 
meecji no CoJBmuncTBy AByxi TpeTeft roJOB'B, h corjacie ynpaBJUDmaro 
CanRoiTB. HeAOHMRH, jeacanUa na nirbnin, aojshíi 6utb, bi btoitb cjy- 
^a,% nonojinenu Raccoft bs Te^enie mecTH j^tb; Hna^e, a Taxxe npH 
HOBSHOci TeRyn^aro nojyro^OBoro njiaresa, nirbnie nasna^saercH vb npo* 
Aaacy ci nyÓJTHqnaro Topra. Ilpn ne^ocTaTO^nocTH aoxoaobi ctb ni«Ha- 
Taro vb ynpaB^enie hm^húi Racca Moseri^ OTcpo^HTB BsucRanie j^ByrB 
cj[tAyi)n(HX'B vb ea noiBsy bsbocobi. Ha pacxoxu no ynpasjíemR) mrb- 
meiTB MoryrB 6íitb o(SpaniaeMH, RpoMt í(oxoaobi c:b BDutnin, cpej(CTBa 
sáNtcnoro Rannraja Raccu. Racca mosotb npioÓptxaTB, no xo^aTatcTBy 
saeM^HROBiy, sajiosennun fb abopabcromi* 6anRt mxbmíL, no ne Haaqe, 
RaRx no corjiameniK) ci ji;pyrHHH RpeAHTopaMH, nperensin Roropuxi 
o6e8neqeHu sajoroirB hmíhíh hjih jiesaniHirB na neiTB sanpen^enieirB* 
Kaccb npeAOCTaBJíeHo TaRse ocTaBjíATB sa co6or) saiosenHiifl vb neŘ 
Hirbnin, ecjin ne cocToaTcn Toprn hjh Bucmefi npe^iJiosennoA na hrtb 
i^HOD ne noRpunaercfl j^ojtpb Raccb. Bb o6ohx'b cjy^aHxi npio6ptTeH- 
Hoe Raccod HMtnie ^^ojaRno 6iitb npoAano en fb Tepeme bath jítb, 
FB nojraoiTB cocrast hjh no qacTflVB, no bojbeoM ntnt hjh » ToprovB. 
JI^ijaMH Raccu saB^AyoiTB — noA'B Ha6jiE)AeHÍe]rB n npn HSBŠcrnoirB yia- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHBA. — BByTP£HH££ OBOSroHlE. 761 

ctíh ABopjiHCRaro co6paHifl, co6paHÍfl npeABOXHrejieĚ h ^enyTaTORs h 
ryfiepHCKaro npeABO^HreJUi ABopaHCTBa— upaEienie Kaccu, vb cocTaBJí 
npexci^Tejji h AByxi ^jieHOffb, HsÓHpaeKuxi ^^Pahcrhitb coópameirB 
Ha TpH ro^a, yTBepsAaeiam ry6epHaTopo]rB h noJU^syDmHxca bc^mh 
npeHnyn^ecTBaiíH cjysóu no BUÓopairB ABopancTBa. 

Ho cnpaBeAJiBBOMy saMtqamK) „PycesHxi* B^ouoare&^^ bhobb opra- 
HBsyeHua jiBopAHCKifl saccu jiMmb no hmohh npHÓjraaKanTCJi jvh cynne- 
CTByDn^HiTB y^pesi^oHiflifb BsaHMonoMon^H; obí hmídti ne npo4»eccio- 
BaiBHHĚ, a HCEjno^HTejibHo cociOBHuň xapaKTopi, nojiB3yE)TCfl n^eApuMH 
cy6cHAÍAifH co CTopoHU rocy^apcTBeHEaro saaHaHeňcTBa h oKasuBai^rB 
noMoiiq> ne tojbko «b cjiynai cMepTH bjih Óojtíshh, ne tojibko npH xo- 
3flĚCTBeHHux'B 6^cTBÍJixx, HO H opH 3aTpyAHeHÍax'B Vb yiuiaTt npomeHTOBi 
no safiMairB, oĎpeMeHADwarB hhíbío. Tj^BnaA (f^ynsiUfl Racci»— sto, 
eciH MosHo TasTB BupadHTbCJi, BpexHTi j^jui nouepsafiifl Rpe^HTa, aobojihk- 
TejBHuĚ Kpej^TB, npHBHTufi vh nepBOHa^ajiBHOiiy, h, BvkcTb ctb t^itb, 
onoKa Hai^'B neyir&jiuMH xosfleBaMH isan> cpe^H ABopflH&-3eiu6axa^'6jrB- 
i^eB^B. TpyAHO npoAnojiosHTB, ^to6u ncnojraeme btoí (t>yHKiÚH npHBOJO 
KB aceiaHHoň i^'kiH. Ecjm jbroTHuň RpeAHTB, co3AaHHuň a^a j^bophh^b 
y^pesAemeiTB ABopaHCBaro seMOJiBHaro óslbksl, upneecB noificTHOMy abo- 
pflBCTBy, no o6nieMy npHSHami), 6oJU>nie Bpejia, ifbma nojBSu, ynejiH- 
hhb^ saAOJaceHHOCTB ;(BopnHCKHX'B nirbnifi 6effb cooTBŽTCTByDnitaro yjy^- 
menÍH hx^b xo3flftcTBa, to kb anajforuHEUirB pesyjBTaTaiiB mosootb npn- 
BecTH H HOBHň BH^i* Rpo^HTa, noonipflK)ni;iĚ HeucnpaBHOCTB saeifn^HEOB^ 
H Tkwb caMiDrB yBejiH^HBann^ifi mancu ROHennofi, 6e3Haj(esHoft hx'b 
BecocTOATaiBHOCTH. PascHorB na noMon^ Kaccu cjHmKOMB jierKO MoseTB 
yMeHBHiHTB 3a6oTJHBocTB O cpoqHHXB ynjiaTaxi ABopAHCROMy H ApyrmrB 
sevejtBHinrB ÓansairB; ctlEUjjui bi ocToposnocTii h assypaTHocTH, h xenepB 
ne oco6eHHO cHjíBHHe, MoryrB ocjaÓiTB eníe Cojibnie. A Moa^y rfeiTB, ^ojisna 
se HacxynHTB, paeo hjíu nošeno, MHnyTa pacnjaTu; OTcpoqKaM*B bctb 
npeA^feJTi, nocTOflHHoe oroABHraeie Koroparo ji^ixeno ho bhfoaho wa 
saeimpsa. IIpeAoojiaraTB, hto npaBjreme Eaccu, npnHnB^ HHtnie b'b 
CBoe 3aB:&AUBaHÍe, nonpanHTB xbjísí BihjsíbjhafiL, 6ujio 6u Rpatne pncRo- 
BaHHO. He TaKi* 6jHCTaTejiBHa A'i^aTej[BHOCTB ABopnHCKHX'B oneffB h aa- 
3Ha^aeMux'B hmh onoBynoBB, qTo6a mosho 6mjo BoaiaraTB óojiBmiflna- 
MfixjsjA na aeajiorHqHoe y^pe«AeHie, npusBaHHoe onoBaiB B3pocjrux% 
BJSLxkjrbUfiVh H, npHTóiTB, onenaTB hxi npn o6cToaTejiBCTBax'B navo ójaro- 
npiaTHiJXB, cpoAH saTpyAHemfi BcxíRaro po^a. JI^onycTuirB, ^to abopah- 
CEOMy coópaniK) y^acTca naňTH TpexB jhi^, roroBux^B h cnocoÓniix^B 
BSflTB na ce6fl ncnojmeHie x^saiofi 3aji;aqH; ho bíjp> hmx hbjbba se 
ÓjflfiTb JTSiHRO saBt^UBaTB BctMH Hir6HÍAMH, BsaTUMH wb ynpaBJíeuie 
Kaccu. IIpu^OTCfl HCBaTB qecTUBLiLii H yM'kaEiix'B ynpaBiíflDn^HXB, naĚTH 
BOTopux'B ne jierBo Aase 3eMJIeBJIaA'i^JIb^aM'B, JinqHO Be^yn^HiTB CBoe xo- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



762 BSCTHHBX EBPODU. 

3flflcTB0. KoHTpojib iipasjíeHÍA (Sy^eTB jí,9JieKb h Majio ^^CTBETejess; 
EOHTpojL BJaA'kIB^a, ecJH owb ocraneTca wb hmíhíh, Jíerso Moserb 
noBjeu sa co6ok) pa^i* K0H4)jraBT0Bi, en^e Óojite ycjiosHflDiiiHrb no- 
jnoseme yiipasjunon^aro. ^ero ne AocTurb caM'b BjraA^Jiei^^B, npaMO sa- 
HHTepecoBaHHuft Bi yBejHqemn aoxo^ob^ h yHeHBmeHÍH pacxoxoBi, 
Toro e^Ba jra AOCTHrnyrs nocTopoHEin JCHi;a, BpeHeHHue h HenojHO- 
npaBHue xosfleBa mrkrns. HeH36'kKHO óyj^ers yBejffl^HBaTsca thcio 
HMtHÍfi, ocTa]Dm.HXCA 3a Raccofi — H KTb oÓAsaTejLHaji npoAasa ca'&- 
jaercfl HCTOHEnsEoiTB y($HTKOBi, TpyjijHO BOSHarpaAHMUxrb. IIpaB^a, npas- 
jeHÚD saccu npeAocTaBjuEreTca nospiiBaTB He^o^erB bi» ;^oxoAax'b varh 
cpe^cTrá sanácHoro KanHra^a Kacen — ho bí^ai> bc^ no^oÓHUA saTpaiu 
(íy^yrB npoHSBOAHTbCji sa c^evb Bja^iJtiía, yBejinqHBaa ero ^ojn* Kacct 
H yMeHBmaji b^^poathoctb ynjiaTU AOJira. IIoaoĎhhh nosaHMCTBOBaHÚi 
Hsi sanacHoro EanHTajra tí^itb ifeH'be xejiaTejrBHu, ^ro TOJibBo h3i nero 
HoryFB ÓUTL Bu^asaeMu ccyxu no noBOji;y Ďi^ACTBeenux^B co6htíě. ^.'iwb 
6bjihmsji ?acTB eanacHoro KanHraJia 6y;i;ei*B o6pameHa Ha noRpurie pac- 
xo^oBi no ynpaBJíeniK) hm^híamh, t^itb MeHBnie ocTaneTCH cyHirb jvui 
Toro BH;^a noMon^H, Koropuft cocTaBjraerx Hanóojrie cHiniaTHHHyi) ({)yHK- 
AÍd saccu. 3anacHue RanHTaju Kacci e^Ba jm, npHTOMX, ^ocTHrnyrB 
dHaHHTejTBHuxi pasHÍpoBi; OHH óyAyn cocxaBJíATBCfl HCRJiroqirrejiBHO 
H3i qHCTiixi npH6ujrež, BOTopufl, BaR^ BHAHO H81 Bcero cBasaHHaro 
HaMH Bume, e^Ba jh óyjíjTb nejiHEH. 

Ki* saKHMi 6u <{)aRTnqecKH]i'B pQsyjBTaTairB hh npnBOJia ^'i^ejbHocTB 

;(BOpflHCKUXl KaCCB BSaHMOnOMOm^H, HeCOMHtHHO OJÍflO: nOMi^CTHOMy ABOpflH- 

CTBy, RaRi o6n(ecTBeHHOMy KJiaccy, h ;i,BopAHaMi>, BáR'b OTA'&n>Hyiťb seiue- 
BJiaAtjbn;aHi», oui AaK)rb bosmoshoctb coxpanHTb h ynpo^HTb CBoe nojo- 
aeme. Focy^apcTBeHnaH BJiacTb, TaK^ MHoro c^ttjaBniaa js^a. ABopíiffb h 
paHbHie, npe;i;ocTaBH;ia iswb eme o^ho rpoMa;i;Hoe npeHMyn^ecTBo; fltrb xa- 
Koro aaxpyAHHTejibHaro nojroacenia, Hs^KOToparo ohh ne MorjíHÓu buSte 
cb noMoníbK) ccyA'b, fiojibrae híitb na noJOBHHy HMiron^Hxi xapaRTepi npa- 
EHTejbCTBOHEaro nocoóia. Ecjh coTpyAHHR-b „rpa«ji.aHHHa", B'b crarbt: 

(„MHCJIHABOpaHHHa"), líHTHpOBaHHOÍÍ HaMH BHffle, MOrb BOCRJHRHyTb, TpH 

MicaAa TOMy Ha3aJ^•b: „npocHTb (;i;BopaHCTBy) 6oJibnie ne o leirb — Aano Bce*. 
ecjra, no ero cjroBaMi, „b^ hobhx^b cepiax'b (juBopaHCKHXi) cofipamfi hc 
6yAyTb h ho xoJiaHLi óojrfee o6cy»AaTbca npHHi;HniajíbHHe Bonpocii 
6uTÍfl, HyaA'b H oóníHxi mejiaHift ABopancTBa" — ne aojmchh oÓcyaAaibCJi 
noTOMy, HTO OHH Bci y»e pasptmenu, — to tto ae CRasaTb Tenepb, 
nocjrt oÓHapoAOBania saRona o ABopaHCKHx-b Kaccax-b BsanMonoMoniH? 
He «CHO JIH, HTO ecJiH pacnpoAaaa ABopancRHxi hmíhíž 6jjí,&rb npo- 
AOjaaTbOí Bi CojibniHX-b pasM-fepax^, necMOTpa na bcí JbroTH, npesnifl 
H HOBua, TO 3T0 HyHřHo 6jjs,eTh npHnHcaTb HeyMiHbK) HJH HeaejaHii) 
BJlaAtJibu.eBx y^epsaTb sa cofioro cboh noMicTba? HeyaejiH He npeKpa- 



Digitized by VjOOQu -"' 



XPOHHBA. BHyTPEHHBE 0B03MHIE. 763 

THTCA, HaKOHei^, noxo^ peaRiuoHHoĚ nenaTH npoTHB'B KpecTBflecRaro 
óaHKa, BHHOBHaro toibko vb toitb, qxo owh noRynaerb hjlh noMoraeTL 
nosynaTB HMima, Roropuxi ne xotatb hjih ho Moryrb yiepsaTB 3a 
C0601) HX'B BJiajc&iBiiu? HeysejH tod se newTBK) no npeseeMy 6y;i;eTB 
npoBo^^HTBCfl liUCJB O Heoóxo^i^HMocTH HCsyccTBeHHaro saRpInjeHífl jsfio- 
paHCKHX'B HirbmĚ sa BJiaA^Bi^aMH h hx^b noTOMCTBOirB? Kto, BCTpfeqafl 
co Bcix'B CTopoHi MorymecTBOBByK) noMepaKy, Bce-TaKH MroTMca hmí- 
HieirB H msfiTh tojbso BuroAHaro nosynaTejiA, Touy He3a'9']kirB saRpuBaiB 
Buxo^ Hdi oÓcraHOBRH, ffh ROTopod oh:b h6 mosotb 6utb nojieseHi hh 
^ocyJ^apcTBy, hh cocjobíd, hh coÓCTBeHHod combí. 

3HaúTejn>H0 noHHSHJDiCB, vb noojii^Hee BpeiiH, rb nsLjsfimisfiij roto- 
pnA ne CTOJBRO caMH ABopffHe, CROJiBRO Hxi rasexHue a^^BORaTU Bosjía- 
rajm Ha saROffB 8-ro ídha 1901 ro^a, HanpaBJíeHHuň Kb Hacas^eHÍK) 
qacTHaro (npemiymecTBeHHO ;i;BopHHCRaro) BOHJíeBJíaj^Hia vb Gh6hph. Bi> 
qenipex^ ch6hpcrhx'b ryÓepníJix^B (TOÓOJiBCROJt, tomcroA, eHHceňcROĚ h 
HpRyrcKOĚ) Hafl^eHO boshoshumb otbocth ho^tb ^acTHHA BjaA']^HÍH Bcero 
118 Tucavb A6caTHH%, HTO AocTaTOHHO ji^si y^OBJíeTBopeniA TpeÓOBaniů 
capoKa TO.IBRO jusn,!*. ^o RpafiHOCTH ocxyA'bjrB sanaci somjih, npeABasna- 
qaeifod AJfl RpecTBflHi-nepecewieHi^eBB — h exo yse caMO no ce6^ nojaraerB 
npeA'&JB HCRyccTBOBHOMy pacnpocTpaHeHiio vb ChÓhph Rpynnaro seMJieBja- 
Aíhíh. ^yroe npenaTCTBie, yRasuBacMoe SHaTORaMH mícthhxi ycjoBift ^), 
saKUo^aeTCfl wb Towb, tto vb Chóhph, cb npoBeAeHÍeirB meirbsEOŘ Aoporn 
H pasBHxieMi npoMiinueHHOCTH, Bce Tpy^Hie h xpy^nj^e cTanoBHTca 
npiHCRanie cejTBCRHX'B paóo^Hxi, ^aJRe RpecTBAHCRHMH xosnficTBaHH, 
Hy8AaK)npiMHCA bi HaenHOirB Tpy^t. 



KorAa, BoceMHaAi](aTB jAvb TOHy nasajii*, BHHiiaHie Bucmeň BJiacTH 
6luo o6pani;eHO b'b nepBBíĚ pa3x na pojB AyxoBencTBa b'b pacnpocTpa- 
H6HÍH naHaiBHaro o6pa30BaHÍA, nocTaBjíeHHuft Ha o^epe^B Bonpoci 6ujub 
paspimoH^B Bwb oÓn^eycTanoBjeHHaro saROHOAaieJiBHaro nopa^Ra: npa- 
BHja i^epBOBHo-npHxoACRHXi mROJiaxi h mROJaxB rpaMoru 6ujm yxBep- 
s^eHU (13-ro íidhh 1884-ro ro;i;a) noMHMo rocy^apcTBennaro coBÍTa, 
no AORjaAy o6epi>-npoRypopa cb. cnno^a. TaRHifB se nyreMi Ówih h3- 
AaHU H npaBHJia 4-ro Maa 1891-ro ro^a o niROJiaxi rpaMOTH. 9Ta ano- 
usjíuí ycTpaneHa „HojioseHieirB o ij^epROSHHx^B mR0Jiax7> Bi^OMCTBa 
npaBOCJiaBHaro HcnoBt^aHÍa", npomeAniHirB qepesi rocy^apcTBeHmaĚ 
coB^Tb, Buco^saftme yTBep3BAeHHUM'B 1-ro anpkiA h pacny6jiHR0BaH- 
HuicB Bi> uojvb TeRyn^aro roAa. 0({)<{)hip&ibho npHSHano cyn];ecTBOBaHie, 
pflAOMi C'B HaqajfbHUMH n;epR0BH0-npHX0ACRHMH niROJiaMH h niROJiaMH 



*) Cm. CTaTbD r. B — Ba Bt J»ft 135 „C.-lIeTep6yprcKHxt Bi^OMOcieÉ". 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



764 B^OTHHK'^ EBPOmi. 

rpaiioTU, mKOJTb y^wiejhCKsofb — BTopcuaccmirb, hh^dii^hxii sa^a^eft 
noAroToasaTb y ^HTejied h y^HTejBEHi^ ji^a msoJii rpauow, h i^epsoBRO- 
yqiiTejBCRHx-B, ncnojmammysxh Ty se ^^Jhbi^i) no OTHomemi) kb i^ep- 
KOBHO-npHxoxcBHMi» mBOJTaiTB. Jt^oBepmaeTca, TasHirb o6pa3oin», c6jrase- 

Hie — (yh TOTOH 3pÍHk CHCTeHH H CTpoa — niKOJPb AyXOBHarO BÍAOMCTBa 
CB IQKOJiaMH CBŠTCKHMH. IlepBOHa^aJBHO np6An0Jia][UI0CB, ^TO nepBUfl 

óyAyTB A^cTBOBaTB npH ycjoBúixi cpaBHHTejBHO npocTui^B, npH Tpe- 
6oBaHÍim veH^e CTporHxi. Kypci y^eHBA vh i^epsoBHO-npirxoACKHrB 
inKOjax'B npoeKTHpoBaJCA ;^yxjiÍTHÍĚ (b:b AByxBJíaccHuxi — "seTupexjiT- 
híě), T.-e. SHa^HTejíBHo coKpameHHBid; npenoAaBaHievB bi hhx'b ^ojocmi 
ÓUJH saHHMaTBCA npeHiiyn^ecTBeHHO qjieHU icrapa; a^a npenoAaBaTejeĚ 
wb niROJiaxi rpaMOTU npHSHaBajacB nasHinHefi ne^arorB^ecsaji nojcro- 
TOBRa. DpaKTHRa CRopo AORaaaJia neBOSMOSHOCTB ocraBaTBCff npH TasoirB 
nopjw^'b — H 3aR0H% 1-ro anp^^ tojbro caHRiqoHHpyeiTB uepeirbau, 
npoH3BeAeHHBUi ciuoi) Beni^efi. KypcB y^eHBa wh ij^epROBHo-npHxoACBHxi 
nmojiaxi ycTaHOBjíaerca TaRot se RaR'B h wb mROJiiax'B cBtTCRHX'B— 
TpexjiTHifi jma biroxb OAHORjiaccHHxi, naTHJi^Tmň js^a mROJTB j(Byx- 
RjraccHux'B. yqamje vb i^epROBHo-npHxoACRHxi niROJiaxx H36HpaK)TCJi hsi 

JIEJ^^, HMtDnUHXl CBH;('bTeJBCTBO Ha SBanie y^HTeJia HJH OROHRHBmHTB 

RypcB cpeAHHxi HjiH BUcmHXT* y?e6Hux'B sase^eHift; oTCTynieHÍA otb 
3Toro npaBUja AonycRanrcji jhiiib iipn ne^ocTaTBib noAxoAAUi;HX'B Raa- 
AHAaTOBi. H^epROBHO - y^HTejiBCRifl niROiBi cooTBtTCTByDTB npaBHTexB- 

CTBeHHUlTB y^HTeJIBCRHirB CeMHHapiflMTi H SeMCRHlTB y^HTeJBCRHlTB mRO- 

jraMi; cb noc-stjíHMMH oh4 luAvyrb h ly o6myK) ^epry, hto y^ea- 

AaDTCH RaRl Jl^H MySqHHlb, TaSB H A^A SeHIECHHI*. Oco6eHHOCTBD 
OpraHHSaipH IiepROBHilXl* IDROJI flBJIAK)TCA TOSBRO BTOpORJ[aCCHUfl mROIU, 

Dpej^HasHaqeHHUA jsm no;i;roTOBRH yqanpixii vb niROjaxi rpaMOTU — ^h 
aro BnojiHt hohatho, TaRi» RaRi> bi b^jcomctbí MHHHCTepcTBa HapoAHaro 
npocBÍiaeHifl HŠTB HHHero aeajiorHquaro niROJiaMi rpanoTii. Cocpexo- 

TOqeHie dTHX'B mROJIl HCR;iK)qHTeJ[BHO Wb AyXOBHOlTB vkjífiUCTlA, UB OT- 

iťbHAeMoe H HOBiuii saROHoifB, MU npoAOJUKaeiTB cviTaTB cepBesHoň npe- 
rpa^oĚ Ha nyTH mHpoRaro pasEHTiji HaqajBHaro oópasoBaniA. E^Ba jh 

MOSHO COMHÍBaTBCA FB TOM'B, ^TO mROJTB rpaMOTU 6UJ0 6u ĎOJIBine H 

npenoAaBaHie vb HHrB 6ujio 6u nocTaBjreHO ijyqine, ecJHÓu npaBO oř- 
RpuTÚi HXT, npMHa^jiesajio h seMCTBaMx, h ropo^aurB, h ApyrHMi yqpe- 
mjífiEiAWb, H nacTHUMTb JIH^aM^, DOAi* ROHTpojreMi CB^TCRaro yqeÓHara 
HanajiBCTBa. He npiocTaHOBmiocB 6u Tor;i;a na^MHaBmeeca vb nepaoi 
nojoBHHi BocBMHjiecaTuxi roAOB'B cfiwOfseHie Mea^y mROjaMH rpaMOiu h 
npaBHJBHo opraHHSOBaHHoň HaqawiBHofi mROJoň 0; MeHBme 6u<io 6a 



*) Cm. BHyxpeHHia 06o3p4HÍa b-b W 5 „BtcxHHKa Eepoira** sa 1884-Hft h J# 8 » 
1886-oft roAi. 



Digitized by.VjOOQlC . í2'< 



XPOHHKA.^^BfiyTP£HHBB OBOSPAHIfi. 765 

mROTb rpaMOTu, ^hcjhaumixcji Toibso Ha čyiiart hjih BJiaqaa^nxi auui- 
Roe cyn^ecTBOBaflie, 6ei9h BC^soft noM6psBH h bhš peajBsaro HaA3opa; 
paHbme uaqaxcfl 6h nocreBeHHiiň ho^c^itb ypoBHA ihkojii ťpaMoru, 
cFjaasHBaDiAÍĚ paaxHqie Mex^y hhmh h mso^iaMH Bucmaro THoa. Koh- 
Byppenipji npHBejta 6u h sxhch Kb TaKmrb se noiesHiurB pesyjBTaTaMi, 
sasB H B^ o(!jiacTH nncojn i^epBOBHo-npHxoAOBHx^B h aeMcsiixi; He 6yjib 
nocjtxHHTB, H6 12JS1, 6ucTpo o^HapysiLiacB 6h, HanpHirbp^ He^ocTa- 
TO^HOCTB XByxjÍTHxro Kypca, ycTaHOBJíesHaro cHaqajia j^^ OAHOfuaccHoň 
qepROBHO-npHxoAc^cofi msoju. 

IlepBOBHUJi iDEOJUi— ^HTaeiTB MU B^b HOBOiTb saBOHž — npe^HasHa- 
Hanxca aj;i JiHqi npaBocxaBHaro HCHOBrbj^aHÍfl, 6e3% pasjnran cocToamA. 
Bb nusojnu rpaMOTu h ij^epsoBHO-npHxoAcsÍA, c^ paspiineBiji enapxiajib- 
Haro apxiepefl, MoryTB 6utb npHHHMaeifu h j^íte jn^b HHocjniBHaro 

HJIH HHOBipHarO HCnOB^A&fiÚ) a TaSSe paCBCaBHHKORE H C6KTaHT0B!B. 

He HCsoB%AyK)iaúi npaBocjiaBeofi vkpu fi,im npnHiiiiai>TCJi bi jbkoau ne 
Hfiaie, saiTB no HSiaBJíeHhi na to corjiacía hxi poAHrejieň kih jnii^'B, 
Ha ffone^eBÍH Roi^opux^ ohh Haxojwrcji. dra nocj^Haji oroBopna sa- 
CTaBJUieirb npe^nojiaraTB, vro a'^th He-npaBoejraBHuX'b poj^Texefi, Bcxy- 
HHKb vb niKOjy rpaMOTU hjih i^epBOBHO-npKxoACByD msojiy, He ocbo- 
óoacAaDTCJi OTb o6yqeHÍA sasoHy £o»ii) do npaBHJiairb opaBooiaBnaro 
HcnoB^^aHUi. IIoHaTHo, HTo aro MoiseTB y^epsaTb mhofhxi po^HTejreĚ 
OTB OTita^u CBOHXT* xkieŘ vh snojiy xyxoBHaro Bi^oMCTBa; bosmosho 
Tasace, ^ro npieifb hxI) vb TiuE^yx) msoxj bctp^thtb npenarcTBi^ co cto- 
poHH HanajibCTBa. Mu bhahmi b% dToirb caMufi CHJibHHft apryMeHTi wh 
noJiLsy Aonyii^eHiA mKOJrb rpaMOTU, He noA^HHeHuuxi AyxoBHOMy wb- 

AOMCTBy. He;a>3fl JIHmaTB paCKOJIBHHROBl, CeSTaHTOB^ H HHOB'&pi^eBl BOd- 

MOSHOCTH 3a6oTHTECA O Ha^ajiBHOMi o6yHeHÍH cBOHxi jsíkreŘ, AemeBoifB 

H J^JÍH BCbX^B AOCTyOHOlfB — H BirbCT^ (Tb TbMl> HeMUOíHMO CTaBHTb HIROJIU, 
jqpeSAaeMUfl paCBOJbHHKaMH J^E paCEOJIbHHROB'b, HHOBÍpEiaMH A^fl HHO- 

vbpnfiin,, noA^B Ha^ajbCTBo npaBocjaBHaro AyxoBencTBa. He pasprbmeffb 
BaROHoiTb 1-ro anpijA n ApyroĚ Bonpoci, BasHiiĚ ne toibso js,jsa hho- 
vbpi^eBi, HO H jí^a it hofhxi npaBocjraBHHxi (4>HHH0Kb, dcrofirb, jiaTumeĚ) 
ipeBOfiTb, MOJfAaBBHX, Óojrapi, rpysani, TaTaprb h t. n.) — Bonpoci o npe- 
HOAaBaHÍH Bi KepKOBHlirb inBOJ[ax'b hx% npHpoAHaro B3£iBa, na roto- 
I)Oin» AJui HHx^b coBepmaercji 6orocjiyseHÍe. Oho Morjo 6u 6uTb BBOAeno 
AJia Hx^b A'i^Ted B'b sair^Hi HenyasHaro hitb i^epROBHO-cjiaBaHCRaro jarsuRa. 
Hniero He BBMiaflerb hobuž daaoHi h vl nojioseHÍH, npHHBAJiesa- 
H^eiTb cBflmeHHHRy vh mepROBHo-npHXOACROň niKOjrik. EasA^Ji TaRaa 
HiKOja naxoAHTca bi saBtAUBamH iipHxoACRaro CBHn^eHHHRa; ApyrHMH 
cJioBaMH, noA'B ero HenocpeACTBeHHincb Ha6;iK)AeHÍeM'b h pyEOBOACTBOirb 
cocTOHTii yqHTe.2bHHua Hjn jHiiTejíh (npenoAaBanie saRona Bosia, 3a 
piAKHHH HCRjmHenÍJiMH, leacETb na caMoifb 3aBtAyK)iAeirb hirojor)). He- 

ToMi V.— OKTfiBPB, 1902. * 49/ta 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



766 BMTHni EBPOnu. 

yAo6cTBa droro nop^Asa tíiUH yRasaHu sanH eoi^e npH pasfiopt npa- 
BMJTb 13-ro ídm 1884-ro ro;^a ^). „OcoÓeHHo caMOCToarejiBHHMi" — ro- 
BopHJTH MU TorAa — „naioseme y^an^aro ne Moserb 6mh HaasaHo h 

Vb CB']bTCEOĚ HaqajLHOĚ HIKOJ^^ — HO BCe-raRH OWb BXbeTh UHVÍCTEJM} 

CBo6oAy A^cTBÍň, yse noroiiy, hto MHoroHHCjeHHue ero HaqaiBHHSH h 
Ba6jK)AaTejiH CToarb nooA&iB orb msoiu h hb BirbmHBaDTCH, eise- 
AH6BH0 H esenacHO, wb noApoÓHocTH npenoAaBaHÍA. OTB'bTCTBeHHmrb h 
HenocpeACTBeHHiiiirB pacnopjiAHTejieiťB cbítcroS HaH&ibHofi msojiu ab- 
jíaencň caiTB npeuoAaBaxejEL; aaKoeoy^iHTejib ctohtb pfl^oicb ci Hinrb h 
OTBÍuei*b TOJBBO sa GBoň npoAMerb; none^HrejB mKOJU ne inrbeTB 
HaHajEbHHqecsHxo^ npaBi; HHcneKTopi HapoAHUx-B yqHJHiub h ^lenu y<iii- 
jnin^aro coB^ia coeAHHADTb bi cbohxi pyKax'b daB^ABiBame MHormis 
iHKOjaMH, ne ynpaBJíoa npflMO hh oahod hsi hhx'b. CoBepmeHHO bhod 
npeACTaBxaercA pojB y^niTejJi bi i^epsoBHO-npHxoAcsoá msojrb: owb 
AMcTByen nocTOflHHO na rjtasaxib CBoero Ha^ajuniEa (cBameHHEKaX 
BECxom Ha CTeneHb npocToro HcnoJHHTejfl ero npHMsamft, Ob coana- 

HieiTB 0TBÍTCTB6HH0CTH HaCTO HC^esaeiTb O^HO HBl rjaBHiI£b QOÓyZAe- 

Híň Kb ycHieHHoS pa6oT& Ha^ canHiťB co6oi) h nax^ CBoei sa^^ei. 
OjiHO HS^E AByxo^: hjh cBan^oHHJunb Mosen nocBHTHTb sna^HTediBHyD 

HaCTB CBOerO BpeMOHH H CBOHXOb CHJTL SaBATiaiCE Vb I^epCOBHO-npHXOA- 

CKofi mEOji — Fb TaBOiťb oiynai ony cii^yeirb BSATb na ce(Sfl npeno^a- 
BaHÍe Jfb Hei; hjh ohi> cjHnucoirb norjoii(6H!b ApyrHMH npHxoAcsHMH 
A'i^aMH — Fb TasoiTb cjyHai pacnopa^Hrejeirb i^epROBHO-npHxoxcBoft 
HiKOJu cxbAOBaJo 6u npHSHaTb npenoAaBaTejifl. OcTaBaacb sasoHoyqH- 
TeieiTb, cBflinteHHHKb mrkrb úu nojmyv) BOSMoasHOcrb cri^^HTb sa xo- 
AOiTb A^ft Bi i^epBouHo-npHxoACROĚ niROjri^ h coxpaHHJb .6u, no otho- 
meHÍD Kb Hoň, Ty cTeneHb BÚiHk, ROTopaA npHHajuesHTb OMy bb 
cbítckoě HaqajbHoá jukojA^. Bb Hacroasiee Bpeiui, sas^b eairb Kasercji, 
9TH coo6paaBeHifl HMiiorb en^e óoibmyi) coiy, lasb saKb oópasoBaTeib- 
HbKĚ ujbBafb óojibniHHCTBa yiaii(HX!b bi> AepROBHo-npHXOACKHTb nucojaxb 
saa^HTOJbHO Bume, ifbui^ npeas^e. S^MixEMb eiii;e, hto vb HOBoirb sa- 
rohí HHiero ne CRasaao o nopflAR^ HasHa^eHÍA h yBOjrbHema y^amHxs 
Vb Haqaju»HHX'b KepROBHO-npHxoACRiiX'b niROJiax^b ^). ?iirb BaxHte pojb, 
ROTopyD, de facto, nrpaerb npH dToirb daslAyDuqĚ nucaioD, Ti^irb 6ojibme, 
ROHeiHO, saBHCHMocTb yqamHX^ HanoMHHirb, no dTOMy noBOxy, ^^ 
Fb seiicRHX^b H ropoACRHX!b HaqaxbHUx^b mROJaxrb ettóop^ y^amaro 
opeAOCTaBjeHx yqpesAenix), co^epsan^eiiy niROjy; HHcneRTopy iipH- 



') Cm. BflyTp. 06o3p'lHÍe bi 16 9 „B-IcTHiuLa EspooH* sa 1884 r. 

') dron npoótrb rlm ÓoiBine 6pocaeTCii vb riasa, hto nopjg^OKi Hasuvesif 
y^amHr& Bi BTopouaccHiixi ■ i^epBOBHo-y^HTeiBCKHrb msoian toiho oapexton 
taiQHom. 



Digitized by VjOOQU 



XPOHHKÁ. — BHyrPEHUEE 0BO3PftHIE. 76T 

HaAJresHTb donytneme ero Kb npeno^aBamK), yqHJHm;HOMy cob^tj — 
ymeepoKdenie ero vh y^HrejtCBOirB SBaHÍH. 

IlpH cavoiTB HSj^aHÍH iipaBH.r& 13-ro ívhb 1884-ro roj^a 6ujio pasib* 
jiCHeno, ^TO vh mícthoctaxi, rj^b yse ecTb niKOjni o^Horo Bij^oMCTBa, 
niBOJU Apyroro Biji^oMCTBa se aojshu 6hti> oispusaeiiu Óesib npej^sapH- 
TeiLHHSB BsaHHHUxi CHomeHÍĚ, „xaBi BavB A-M AOCTHaieHiH nojiHaro 
ycntxa bi npccBin^eniH napo^a noTpe6HO e^HEo^yiirie ices^y bcímh jh- 
^a]lH H yqpesAemaMH, npHSBaHHHira bi cjiy»eHÍD dTOMy x&iy^. Bro 
He noxtinajo, OAHaRO, MHOsecTBy croJucHOBeHÍft h He^opaayirlHiň, npn- 
BeADíHrB Blb TOMy, MTO B'b OAHHX'b cejiefilaxo^ cyn^ecTByDrb píiaovb, 

6e3% A'Í^f CTBHTaiBHOft B'B TOMl fla^OĎHOCTH, BIBOJU OÓOHXO^ B^j^OMCTKb, 

a Kb ApyrHXs msoju h^te bobco. OrKyia bcxoahih, Óojbrnen ^acrbD, 
OTcrynjeHiji otb ycraHOBjreHHaro naqaia — aro esbíctho ^HraTaiaiťb hb*- 
Hiero sypnaja; nepeBic^ bo BCBROirb cjryqat, ocraBajCA o6iiBHOBeHHO 
Be 3a seMCTBOirb, a sa ApyroD cropoHOD, ÓojrJte BJdflTejbHoio h Bjaciy 
HOD. HoBHifb sasofloirb oiipeAt^enie nopBAsa u ycjoBift otbputíji hb- 
^ajfbfluxi nnsojiTb oahofo b^omctbb wh M^^THOcrajo^, r^i yase HM%eirB 
cboh mBOJiH Apyroe, upe^ocTasjíeHo corjamemK) ofiepb-nposypopa cb. 

CHBOAa H MHHHCTpa HBpOAHarO IipOCBÍIl](eHÍB. QlTB se, COBBliCTHO ťh 

MHHHCTpOlTB BHyrpeHHHX^b A'^^, Bopy^eHo coo6pa3HTb BonpocTb o6i 0^* 
eAHHemH A'i^Tej[bH0CTH b^aomctb^ wh oÓJiacTH napoAnaro o6y7eHifl h 
npexnojioseHia cboh no 9T0My npeAnery bhocth Vh rocy^apcTBenEuft 
cobíti. OÓ^eAHHHTejibfliiA iiipu HaiiiqaDTCfl abobbíji: oahí^ — MorymÍA 
nocaiAOBaTb no coraameHÍi) B-^AOHCTBb, Apyria — TpetíyDn^ÍA paspi^me- 
fiú saBOHOABTejibHot BjacTH. E)b ^iHCjry nepBMX'B npHHaA^esHTb npeAO* 
craEieBÍe AOJSHocTHHirb jrai^airb oahofo B^AoncTBa npasa nocim;aTb 
HDCOjni Apyroro, ci ptjibD npio6p^TeHÍfl, nyreirb cpaBHeHÍA, noJiesHUx^ 
CBtA^&mfi, — a TBBse ycxpoficTBo nepioAHqecBHxi coB^n^aHift, vh boto- 
pux^b ynacTBOBajH 6u HJieHU yqirrejibCBaro nepcoHaJia o6oHX'b bíaomctbi. 
He HHa^e, saKrb vh saBOHOAaTejbHoirb nopBARŽ, MorjH 6h 6uTb yqpe- 
SAeHU o6núe MicTHue coBiu^aTejbHue opránu a<xb bcíxi* napoAHUxi 
WKOXh, vb KaKOMy 6bi BÍAOMCTBy oni^ hh npnnaA-^esain. Mu cju- 
majiH, 1T0 Wh HacTOfl^ee BpeMJi MHnncTepcTBoirb napoAnaro npocBÍn(e^ 
HÍa co(>HpaDTeB mhíhíji no STOMy npoAMeTy ryfiepncBHXx y^HJran^nuxi 

COB^TOBl. IIpHB'6TCTB0BaTb, KaBl HBlTb KaseTĎB, MOJSBO 6UJ0 6lL BCe 
TO, ^TO, COXpaHBJI CaHOCTOBTeJIbHOCTb H CaM0A:6HTejIbH0CTb RaSAOft K9r 

Teropin na^ajiBHUxik niBOJrb, nojrarajo 6u Bonei^ nonuTKairb BMima- 
TejbCTBa BTb HyacyK) o6jiacTb n 6jiaronpiflTCTBOBaJo 6u ApysnoMy CTpe- 
luemi) Blb OAnoň o6ni;efi i^n. PadCMaTpnBan, cl axoft to^kh sptnin, 
ycTpoňcTBO o6ui;HX'b MtcxHuxx coBÍkni;aTej[bHUX!b opranoB^, ku ne bh- 
AHiTb vh neirb nn^ero npoTHBopi^ian^aro HHrepecairb Ha^ajbHoň msoju, 
jiHnib 6u TOJíbBO npoesTHpyeMoe yHpesAeflie na canoirb jííkjA orpanH*- 

49* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



768 BbOTSfl«!L BPOflll. 

^HBa;iOCB HCKJD^IHTeJLHO eO^Vbt^CHmeAhHHMU ^YUEJ^MMM, a pdbmaDODuuK 

BJiacTB oeraBajacb bi^ pysaxo^ OTA&[bHzixi^ bíxomctbi. IIoHCHHm Hamy 
MHCJB npHMipovB. Ha ocHosaniH gt. 10-ofi aaKOHa 1«to anpd^a npeno- 
WBaHÍe vb i^epBOBHHXB ii[ROJrax'B npoHSBOAHTca no y qeÓHHRaiTE b pyíco- 
BOACTBaiTB, OAOÓpeHHinrB no npesAMery Saxona Bosů — cb. amoMfiyn^ a 
no npoqHirB npei^feTairb — y^iUHumiiiini npH cb. cHHo;db cobí^toitb; kb 
BOCRpecHuxi* niKOJiax^ npeno^aBanie Moxen npoacso;(HTb TaKze ir na 
yqefiHHKairB h pysoBOACTBamb, oAcópennum MHHHcrepcTBoirE napoAnaro 
npocBtni;eHÚi. Jí^a Bcbrb i^epBOBHuzi) msojii, KpoMi BOcxpeoHuťb, oj^o- 
6peHÍe MHHHCTepcTBa Hapo^naro npocBrk^enifl npEsnaerox, TauorB o6pa- 
aoiTB, HeAGCTaTo^HuiTB. HejiBSx ne bhaítb vh dTowh H'6ROTopyH) anoica- 
jÍD, ycrpaHHTB hjih yMeHBniHTB soTOpyi) Morjo 6u coBiricTeoe o6cya;ji;€K 
HÍ6 y^eÓHHBOB^ ynojraoMo^eHHUini ofioHxi. b^omctbb, coej^raennHMff 
Vb OAHoiTB GOBÍm;aTej[BHO]rB opráni. nocTano&ieHúi ero ne mrku 6u 
otfnsaTejiBHoft chjih, ho enocoóoTBOBajni 6u, 6e3'B covhíhíh, c((jiHseflii> 
BSTMiAOffb H o6ieAHHeHÍi> ueTo^oFB H npieHOBi npenoAaBaeiii. Bb co- 
oraBi irksTHUi^B coB^n^tTesBBBiKi opranoBi* — hmobho noTOMy, vto ohr 
TOJBBO coB^miaTeuiBHiiie, — motjih 6u 6utb óednpeaaTcTBeaHo h (tb Óojib- 
mon nojBdOD j^jui jífbiBí nae^enH npeAcrasHrejs oÓohtb y^HTejiBCsarB 
nepconajiOB^. 

Pasópocannufl, ycTap^jun h BpaftHe He^ocTavoraua npasHja o Tpy- 
Mfi^uxh apTejxx^B ycryuHJH, naRoneipi, icicro otfn^eny sasoey, ycranoe- 
jiaiD^eicy riasnua nanaia ycrpoicTBa h JC&n^eiBnooTH dTBXB Tosapn-^ 
mecKffiCB coxeoBfb. IIoApofinoe htb pasBHTÍe npeAocTanjuieTCfl, b^ Ka»- 
AOiTB OTA;bj[BEoirb cjiy^iai, ycTaBy aprean (ecjin ona j^^bftCTByerB ne na 
ocEOBaníto ;i;oroBopa Mesxy ba ^LienaMn). ycraBu apr&iei yrBepxj^aDTca 
ryóepnaTopoicB; ecjin offB bctpítetb npn aroinb BaK06-jra6o coMH^me^ 
TO npej^craBjMieT^ ero, vb Teqeme oj^noro vicai^, MHHHCTpy <)>HBaff- 
coBi, paspbmaDmeify ero no cor^amenii) <rB no^JiesanpíMH bIaox- 
GTBaMH. TaBOĚ nopflxoBi BHa^HTejtBHo o6jer?aerB h ycBopiireTB ycrpoi* 
CTBO aprejei, ao chkb nopi, 3a neMHonoiH HCBjnDHenijniH, saBHctBinea 
OTb i^eHTpajBHoá Bjacin. En^e MenBme aarpy^ReniĚ ono Cy^er^ ncrpk- 
^aTB Tor^a, Ror^a mhhhctpoitb 4>HHaHooB'B, no npe^ocTasjuennoMy evy 
saBOHOiťB npany, 6yAyTi namanu oópasi^oBue ycraBu jíjia or^bibuhob 
BHAOFB TpyAOBUx^B aprejeft. HeBOjnso, A^Burbe, h MHnmfajiBHoe tock^ 
jossib (naTB), xpeóyeMoe js^ y^pes^eHÍa apTejin. AprejuarB npexocraB- 
juaoTOL npaBa DpiiAHiecBaro JUi^a. ApTOJB ynpaBJTAercA oónpnrB co- 
(pameiťB ea qjienoBi*, H36Hpai)n(H]rB h3:b cBoefi cpoAU nenoG^ACTBen- 
HUXB pacnopajunrejieň A^ann aprejiH. ^encsie b3hocb[ AOJsnia ůatb 
OAHnaBOBU jí^a BdbTb y^acTHHBOBi apTejH. Ec;ih aprrejiBnoe HMyn^ecřBo 
osaserca He^ocraTO^HUiTB au nospuxia npHvrraD^HXca c:b aprejn 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHdBA. — BHyTPEHPEE 0B03P«flI£. 769 

cyímii, ea ueHu oTBrfeTCTByDTL, sa spyroBOD HopysoD, bcíitb jmHEUwh 
MTB HHyHiacTBoiTb, HeorpEHHqeHHo KJíH Kb npeA'^ax!b, ysasaHHux^B ycra- 
Bowb apTejni. Bci dm EOCTaHoaiOHÚi Bnojffb npasTHHHfii e i^bjíecooó- 
IMiSHu; Hoaiajto^ mojkho tojebko o toicb, ?to b^ ^iHCjy cnooo6oBi^ npe- 
Kpan^eHÚi cyiuecTeoBaHÍB apTejH oTHeeeflo TpetioBaaie rytiepeaTopa, 
xoTHBHpoBaHHOe HocorjiacieirB ea ^^bftcTBíň cfb ea ycrasovB juui c% o6- 
msMH saBOBam. Haaqe drorb Boiipoc^ paspd^niajicii BOMXHcdeK), co- 
craBjflDfli^eK) rpa»AaHCBoe yjoseflie ^X »M(KKao yeoMflHTBCJi" — csa- 
saso wb oóhBCEisrejíhBoŘ ea sanBCK^, — ^wb AOcraroqBofi m Mtpš 
oeToposHO npexocTaBJEBTB saspuTÍe TOBapHn^ecTBi a^niHBHcrpaTHBHoň 
BjacTH. WkcnEKa ry6epHCEafl BJacTo b^ ÓoxhnusBcvvk cjy?ae»B 
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THBop^^Hi^B JH A^kflT&XBBocTB TOBapHii^ecTBa o6a^ecTBeHHo& 6e3onae- 
HocTH HiH BpaBCTBeHHocTH; BaopoTHFb, A-M BpBBHJifiuaro saxjoo^emsi o 
rrovB, npe^eTasju^DTca m H3B&CTflUfl xhŘcTma itmipRii^ecTBa buxojuí- 
ntaMH H8% npejc&jroB^ flpexocTaBjeHBuzi eiiy no ycTBBy nojiBOMo^, 
«o MBorHXi ciy^aflxi TpetiyiQTcx oticroATejrBBHB DimAH^ecsúi nosFaBÍJi, 
BOTopHMi ry6epBaToprE, no CBodtetBy BoeioseBBuxi na šero o^mHx^B 
ofiflsaBHocTeĚ, Mosen h bo otija^aro— 3aBp£rrie ToitapamecTBa ho 
TOJiLKo Bpv9HfiaerrB sBaqBrejrbBue y6uTBH BctirE TOBapB^aMi, hs^b bo- 
it>pH7E, Moapem 6htb, MHorie BeBHsoBBU b% HenpaBH:fbBHX'B j^icTBih 
MTb pyB0B0XBT6Jieň TOBapan^ecTBa, ho b b% asa^iHTejiBHOft ereaeBH 
orpaataeTOH hb HHrepecarB TperBHXi jhicb, oi BOTopouB TOBapsn^e- 
ctbo Baxo;i,HTCH vh A'^OBiix'B 0TH0Bi^ň4ix'b". DodTOMy eooTaBHTejra 
npoesTB npBmjia vb yfito^ealD, hto Bcé sirrporHBaeMoe npeBpanieBieirb 
TOBapBfl^ecTBa EHrepecii CyAyvB b% AOcraToiHoA ebenem orpaJKAeHii 
aHBiB Bi ToiTE cxjhsl% ecjíu BpeBpan^eHÍ6 TOBapfli^ecTBa óy^erb no- 
crbMptvieirh ne pac^opaseBúi ajqiHHHCTpai^, a nocvaapBjeHiB cyAB— 
Ho cnpaBe^JHBOMy saiiiqaHiD „PyceciR'b Bíaohoct^^, npo6'LioM'B sa- 
ROHa BBjaeTca OTcyTCTBie BooTaBOKS^úiif o nopBffdb paspd^eHifl cojd- 
30B% aprrejr^, cocraBijoDmini o^bo wfb Moryn^eoTBeBBÉftniBxi cpeACTBB 
jKpbttJiefBisi H pasBBTis x:fiBTej[BHoeTB TpyAOBuxs TOBapn^ecTB^b '). 



Becuia BaacHoe dBOHOME^ecKoe sHatreBie hvIudto Buco^atme yrsep* 
mewma 20-ro mob BpasB^a 06% ycTpottoTBi BaHaai h ^qpyrBrb boao- 
opoBOABiiix'b coopyaceBifi Ba HysHxi seMJiBx^b x^ui ocymBTejrBBuxi, opo- 



^) Bi ocHOBasie sanoBa o rpyxoanu i^^rejuix^ nojosen se xpyxb bomioiccíh, 

a. npOeíCT^ COCTaBjeHHHft MHHHCTepCTBOMl (Í>IIHaHCOB^ 

O O^OTOATeJibUHft pasóopi saKOHa o TpyxoBHXi apTeiaxi mosho naftTH bi ^&>I 
30 H 31 „IIpaBa" (cxaTM I. B. TecceHa) h bi Wé 204, 206 h 215 „PyccKHxi Bi- 

^^ÓMOCTeft*'. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



770 McrrfiHKB ebpoioi. 

CHTeJTLHUXl U OĎBOABHTeJBHUXl IT&ieň. OhH SBa^HTeJBHO WHraDTB 

BnepejCB BOAHoe npaBO, pasBHToe vb Poccíh (sa HCKjno^emeirb híboto- 
puxi* oJspaxLWb) qpesBinaftHO cjia6o. Corjameme MesAy cocíj^am otho- 
cHrejLHO nojfL30BaHÍA boaod Mosers 6uTb AOCTHrnyro Aaiexo ae Bcerxa; 
HeoÓxoAiiMo ycraHOBHTb nopaAOs^, Koropufi nosBOiaJTE 6u, kb cjiyHa;^ 
Ha^oónocTH, peryjHpoBaTB OTHomeBÍH BjiaA'bJBueBi Bir&maTejbCTBOirb. 
npaBHTCJiBCTBeHHoft BjacTH. Ki coBAaHÍi) TaRoro nopflAsa h HanpaBieHEi 
npaBHjra 20-ro Maa. Ohh oupejiíhJíavjTh, npes^e Bcero, wro HMeHHO^ 
Vb EaBHX'B cJlY^BM^i^> h npH BasHxi ycjOBkxi^ MoaserB AOMoraTBca Bxa- 
A'bjrei^, HysAaDnúficH vb boa^ hjh, Hao($opoTi», crpa^avmíi otl es 
H36iJTRa; sarimb HAerB nepeieHB npaBi h o6«3aHHoeT6í o6oESh eja- 
jsjbxbneB^ — Toro, bi ^be) naiB3y ycTpaHBaDTCH coopysema, h xoro, na 
qBett seifjii ohh ycTpaHBaK)TCJi; ocrajrLnaa ^acTB apaBHXB nocBiuaeH& 
opraHHsaoiH h A^TejbHocni y^pesASBÍĚ, otb soTopux^ saBHCHTB ýbf 
menie cnopHuxi^ BonpocoBi. Bth yqpejRAenifl — yisAHUfl h ryfiepnesÍH 
kommhccíh, anajorHHHUfl, no cBoeiiy cMimaHHOMy cocraBy, ApyrHiTB npH* 
cyrcTBÍAirB h BOMHTerairB, BÍAai)n^HirB pasHbtfl cTopoHU yisAHaro h 
ryÓepHCBaro ynpaBJíeHifl: bo rjiaBi jisjíjnivh h ry6epHCiairB BomiHccift 
eroATB npeABOAHTejH ABopaHCTBa, qieBaMH utb Asjunorcji npexcraBH- 
TejiH aAHHHHCTpaioH H soMCTBa. JRajLoéu Ha y^AHUA bommhccíh pas- 
p£maiOTC4i OBOH^iaTejBHO rydepacsHiiH BOMMnecUMH, nocTaHOBieHia eo- 
Topuxi» noA^eauťFb o(SsaJiOBaHÍi) cenaTy tojtbbo bi cjiyqai H^)ymeHu 
Ba^OHa; ho cnopu o pasM^paxi^ h ycJOBiaxrB BOSHarpaaBAeeúi MoryrB 
611ITL npeAMeTOVB cyAeÓHaro padóxpaTejiBeTBa. K)pHAH^ecBÍt HHrepecB 
npaBHJLik 20*ro Hafl sasjD^aercji b'e toitb, tto oh9 en^e pasB ofina- 
pysHBaiyrB HeocHOBaTOJiBHOCTB aortphhu, npBSHaDn^eĚ sa HacTHot co6- 
CTBeHHOCTBi) aócojDTHUĚ xapaKTepi», 0TpHi(aK)n;efi saKOHOMÍpHoeTB orpa- 
HHqeHia efl npeAnHcaBÍ£iíH nojiosHrejiBHaro aaKOfia. ^aBHo nosoje&ieH- 
Haa naysofi, axa AosrpHna Bce eo^e HM^erB HeMa^io ctopohhhkob^ b^ 
npaBTHHecKoft asHSHH; mu homehm^, HanpHMÍpí, Basi b^ oxnoirB ua^ 
ry6epH£BHxi aeMcsHxi cotfpaHift, hícbojbbo xbvh Tony nasaAfB, npeA- 
joseHix) xoAaraftcTBOBaTB pacHuipeniH cogíacbhx<b npaBT> na nojiBdo- 
Banie boaod npoTHBonocTaBjajacL HMenno ccujuca na óesycjioBHocTB 
npaBi co6cTBeHHHBa, na npHHaAJeaKani^ee OMy jus utendi et abutendi. 
Bmíctí ch jri^oxpaHHTejiBBincB saBOHOiTB, npasHja 20 msjl aBxaDTca 
HaH(k)ji^ BpacHopiqHBiáirB onpoBeps6HieM!b noAO($H£ixa> BBrMAOBib. 



12-ro iiDBfl 1902'ro roAa Birco^aftme yrsepsArao MHÍ^Hie rocy^ap- 
CTBOBHaro coBtia o&b or;ranieHÍH onpeAtJieHiÉ nepBaro h BToporo Aen&P" 
TaMeHTOKB, AenapxaMeHTa repojiBAÍH h nepnaro oómaro coípama ceHam 
coAep»aiiuix'B Bi ce6i pa3i»acHeHie To^naro CMucjia AÍftcTByK)n(HXi sa- 



GooQÍe 



Digitized by V3OOQ 



XPOHHKA. — BHyrPBHHEB 0B03P^HIE. 771 

KOHOBi. G6opHHirB TasHrB onpej('kieHÍfi Ójjsfivb bhxoj^htb nepioj^H^ecKH; 
cBepx^b Toro H3AaH'b óyxerB cÓophhktb hitb sa npesnee BpeM^r. Othoch- 
TeJiBHO ne^aTanifl onpexi&ieHiĚ, cocroHBinHxcfl no a^bmb MHHncTepcTKB 
H rjaBHuxi ynpaBJíeuiĚ, mhhhctpb Dcnmín Bxoji(irrB vh CHomeme cb 
noAiesan^HHH VHHHcrpaMH h pjraBHoynpaBJíďiDn^HMH. Henpe^rBaBjeme 
vbjísmcrBaMK, vb Te^enie irk^i^a co BpeiieHH noc^AosaBinaro cHome- 
hLi, B03paseHÍft nponorB HaneqaraHiA onpe^ici^eHifl ne ocTaHaBJíHBaerB 
pacnopfl»eHÍfl MHHi^CTpa dcyhihh no droMy npe^MeTy. BasnocTB sse^e- 
Hia rjiacHOCTH Vb TaRyio c(])epy, sy^a ona ao chx'b nop'b npoHHRajia 
TOJiBBo cjTi^afiHo, o^OHL xopomo BucTaBJeHa na bh;^ bi „Ilpasi'' 
(}í 33, CTaTLfl r. H. H. JI.). „IIpH pasposHennocTH h necor^acoBaHnoeTH 
HaniHXi aAMHHHCTpaTHBHiixi saKOHOBi" — roBopHTTB ©pHjíHiecKaa ra- 
sera, — „npn oÓhjiíh wb hhx'b npo6&roB% no caMUMi cyn^ecTBenHBnťB 
Bonpocairb, TOJKOBania cenaTa nojryqarorB Taxoe sna^erae, ^ro 6e3i 

SHaROMCTBa CTB HHlfH nOHHMaHÍe MH0rHX'B 3aR0H0B^ CTaHOBHTCfl COBOp- 

meeno HeBOSMOsnmrB. Eesi bcakoA naTASRH MoacHO CRaaaTB, hto caMoe 
ycTanoBjeme jitĚCTBynn^aro aAMHHHCTpaTHBnaro npasa, ne roBopn jme 
o HayqnoŘ ero paspaCoTE*, ^'i^aeTCJi BOSMoanmi^ jhbil nocjii Toro, 
saR^B no ^annoMy Bonpocy cTanerb hsbšcthoh) npaRTHRa cenaTa''. He 
coBci^iTB Toinafl pe^aRi^A noBaro saRona voserb, Kb cosaji^nlH), no- 
laTB noBOA'B Kb neAopaayifiHkirB. Abtopb cxaTBH „IIpaBa'' AyMaen*, 
TTO MHnHcrpy DCTrmin npe^ocTaBjveno onpe;r&^XTB, RaRÍn h8i> ^mcxa 
ýbmeníŘy paai^cicHflDn^HXB Tonnuň cifucxB saRonoB^, noj^jresarB brjho- 
qeHin Vb cóopHHR^. Haifb RasoTcx, naotíopoTB, ^to neiaTaniio no^- 
jiesarB bcí pimenÍH, co^epsan^ifl b^ ce6i pa3'BAcneHie saBona; cJiOBa: 
„no pacnopAsenÍK) Hnnifcrpa dcthiiíh^ ej^Ba jih ynojinoMo^nroaDTi mh- 
BHCTpa ocTaBJHTB Vb fiesrjracHocTH, no ero ycMOTp*Hi», t4 hjh jpyria 
onpejíÍJieHiH, no^xo^n^ia noA^ ^ftcTBie saRona. Bcero jy^me Ďblio 6h 
npHHHTB 3a npaBHJTO, ^To Bonpoci o Toarb, HMiercH jh vb ^annoiTB 
onpeA'i^eHÍH pasiuicnenie saRona, padpimaercA cairairb cenaTOirB, 
npH nocTanoBjeniH onpeAiJienia; no h3i» Toro, tto ptmenie 3Toro 
Bonpoca npe;i;ocTaBjeHO MHnncTpy H)CTH^iH, en^e ne cjiijíyeTb, hto otb 
nero saBHCHTB He;^onyn]^eHÍe r'b ne^aTanÍK) onpeA'bjieBÍfl, HecoMn^nno 
pas^BACHAun^aro saRom. BosMosenx, ji^surke, cuopb o nocjij^CTBÍflxi bo3- 
pasenift, 3aflBJireHHUX'B iranncTepcTBaMH hjth rjraBHKini ynpaBJíeniAMH. 
3a orcyTCTBieMT^ b-b saRoni to^hhxT) na 3totb cierB yRasaniS, cjfe- 
AyerB, RaRx nairb Ra»eTCA, npHsnaTb, hto B03paseHÍH bíaomctbi ne- 

O&KaTCJIBHH JÍ,Jlň MHHHCXpa DCTHIíÍH H HTO OBH MOryTB RacaTbCJI TOJIBRO 

Bonpoca o toitb, 3aRJE)^aeTca jth vb ^annoiTB onpeA'6jieHÍH pasíhacnenie 
saRona. Tpy^no AonycTHTB, Tro6u orjiameHie hjth neorjramenie pasi.- 
Acneniž, HcxoAnni^Hxik otb Bucmaro aAMHnHCTpaTMBnaro cy^a, Morao sa- 
bhcítb otb iBefi Óu to hh 6ujío ^HCRpei^ionnofi BjracTM. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



772 B^CTHHSX BBPOmi. 

Jlfl CHxi nopi HpesBuqažHUfl seuczm co6paHÍfl paspimajraci) mhhh- 
CTpoiTB BHyrpeHBHxii xbJíTi; TenepB, wb ciijry Buco^vaAme yTBepsjí^eHHaro 
10-ro ÍDHa mhíhíh rocy^apcTBeHoaro cobíte, ohh Ďyj^yrb paspi^maTBCii 
ry6epHaTOpoirB. OrRasaTB, co6cTBeHHOK) BJiacrbK), vb co3UBt npesamaA- 
iiaro seMCKaro coópaHÍfl ryÓepHaTopi He wh npairb; ecJiH offB Bcrp^ran 
aarpy^HeHÍA vl paspd^meHiH cosusa, to npeACTaBJuierB o toitb MHHHcrpy 
RHyTpeHHffiCB A'k2rB. BojiBinoro ana^eHifl aro HOBOBse^eHie He Hiri^eTii: 
npH cyn^ecTBOBaniH Tejerpa(t>a, b6o6xo;(H]ioctb HcapocHTB pa3pi^ni6HÍe 
MHBHCTpa ocoóeHHoit Me^JieHEOCTH 8a co6ofi noBJíe^B ne Morjia. BusrpH- 
Baen otb HOBaro nopn^Ka ne ctoibro somctbo, cbojtero aAMHHHCTpaqia, 
ocBoóosA&eMafl otb HSjramHeft nepenHcsH. 



Post-scriptum. — Hame o($oBpÍHÍe 6wio yace saKOH^eHO, Boria mi 
ysnajiH h31 „C.-IIeTep6yprcKHXTb BiAOMOCTefl** (Jé 243, KoppecnoHAen- 
J^M. liVh KypcBa), ^T0 mhhhctp^ BHyTpeHHHxi xíjrh, fb óecbjsík cb npe^- 
craBHTejJiVH Kypcsaro seMCTBa, socHyjcA Bonpoca o nejKOĚ aeMCSoi 
eAHHHut. B. K. (|)0Hi»-njieB6 aaMÍTiLTL, qTO paBp&meflie sToro Bonpoca 
vb yTBepAHTejcBHoiťB cuiiiejrb BtpoaTHo ycTpaHHJio 6u sarpy^Hemfl juuí 
seMCRHxi ynpaBi wb xbjA no^^ifCKaHU 6jiaroHaAesHHX'B cjysamiirB, 
TaR!B RaRi co BBeAemeiTB MejiEOft seMCKOft ojichhhi^u paóoTu b^ ryóepn- 
CKOĚ H y^AHUxi yopaBaxx ynpocTHJiHCB 6u h coRpaTHJOCB 6u ^hcjm 
cjysanontB. Mhhhctp^ npocHXB npacjiaTB oMy j^ORja^ib nuirpoBCBott yia;^- 
HOit seiicRoň ynpaBU, rxb BcecropoBee oócys^aercfl mucjb o Heo6xoAH- 
MocTH BBejieHifl MejvRoft aeiicRofi o^hehiui h AORasusaeTCfl Heo6xoj[H- 
MOCTB ocyiuecTBjeHÚi efl, a TaRse A0RjraA'B no dTOMy Boapocy RypcRoft 
ybsjífioŘ seHCRoA ynpaBU, BUCRasaBineftcA npoTHBi BBej(6HÍfl MejRoft 
seMCRoft e;i;HRHuu. GiiAjerb Bax^TBCH, hto aro chmuotb sanpen, ea- 
jiosReHHud Bi H']^ROTopux'B ryóepHÍAxa^ Ha oócys^eme Bonpoca o mojroí 

SeMCROĚ eAHHHI^ BeMCRHVH C06paHÍfl]IH H HXIb ROMMHCCÚPIH. 



^ •♦ 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHKA. 773 

N 

yMMTEilbCHIE KYPCU M nPABM/IA O KYPOAXl. 

IlHObMO B^b PBXAKmi). 



Bi npomjioirb rojiy wb HiGsaiikBHxi acypsajax^ noasHJiHCb coo6meHÍA 
o6b oČmeo^pasoBaTejibtoxik jieRipax^b wb Taii6oBÍ 0. Kypcu, wh cocra^b 
xoTopiďb BXOAHJU dTH jieKuiH, cjTaraiHCb H8% AByx^b ^acxed — nej^arorn- 
HecKidl H o6a(eo^a3OBaTaibfl0(ft; nporpaipía o6meo6pa30BaTejbHoft qacTU 
óhUKL paQA'&JieHa na ABa roAa, Tarb hto Rypcbi 1901 r. AaB&iH jthuib 
sojOBHHy 6oj'be iuh nesrbe saBOHqeHHaro spyra 3flaHÍĚ. UpeADOJara- 
.locb, ^TO t£ ase caiiue cJiymaTejH vh Euwbamewh roAj cHosa abatca 
Ha Kypcu, ^To6u saBOH^mn^ paóory, HanaTyi) aa nepBUxo^ vypcax^b, h 
aarbwb ycTynaTi mí^to HOBOMy KOHTHHreuTy y^HTejeň m yqHTejfbHHi]^ 
XJU HOBaro ;^yxroAHHHaro UHKJa JieRitifi h saHjrrífi. Omirb npesHR^B 
jiítb nosHaBOMBiTB ycTpoHTeiieit RypcoBi co mhofemh nexoHH H nOABOJI^- 
HUMH BaMHflMH, cpe^H BOTopux'b npHxoi(HTCJi JiaB]ipoBaTi» ufH corjaco- 
BamH Tpe6oBaHift schshh cb npaBHjanu 1875 roAa h c^ npaKTHBon opra- 
Bowb MHHHCTepcTBa HapoAsaro npocBt^eHia. Kaaajocb, ^to dra He^eineBo 
BpioópbTeHHafl onuTHOCTb Mosen cijmxth rapaeiieĚ ycirbxa. Buje 
npe^ycMorpÍHU, noBHAHMony, BceBOSiioacHUA npenaTCTBia. TaB% sasi 
paHbme wn^e Bcero npHzoAHJOcb cTajiRHBaTbca ci nejnepsuemewh 
jeRTopoKb H pyKOBOAHTaiett, TO Ha ary cTopoar^ 6hjio oópameno oco- 
6eHHoe BHHMasie: 6um npiirjianieHU ucfuno^wt^jaBO jiHua, cocTOJlI^k 
Ba nejiaroni^ecBott cjiyasfit. XoxaTaftcTBO o Kypcaxa^ 6ujío HaopaBJíeHo 
ne 8a xpn irbcaua m aaiajia BypcoKb, Basi Toro Tpeóyion npaBHja 
1875 rouia, a sa qerbipe. ?to6u ABBa;eHÍe „^'bJira'' rAt-HB<SyAB ue octb- 

BOBHJIOCb^ HaBOAHJHCb B03M0SH0 WCTbIA CnpaBKH H BOCUJaJHCb HaOO- 

XHHaHJx. H HecMorpH ea Bce dTO» qpes^ AeaaTb j^seň nocji^ opej^nojo- 
xeHHaro Ha^uma RypcoB^ ry6epHCKott yiipasi npmuocb Hastn^aTb xejie- 
rpauanH y^Hre^eň h yisMfiua ynpaBU o Tomby wto Bypcu ^no aesaBK- 
canviirB oficTOJiTejiBCTBairb*' ne coctootcji. 

HGT<q>ia Taii6oBCEHX'b sypcoBi Tavb zapasTopsa a-m Tbx^ ycjoBíĚ, 
npH BOTopux^b coBepmaercfl b^ HacToan^ee BpeiiapaÓOTa no HapoABOMy 
o6pa80BaHÍK>, hto na Heň, no nasieiiy mbíhík), cjii^yerb ocxaHOBHTbCfl 



*) Cm., Manp., „Bícťhhki BocmiTaHiji** 1901 r., II, crp. 60—70; „Oapax. 3eHCK. 
Hexiw", 1901 r., ?é 80-83, crp. 102-^117. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



774 racTHHB% EBPonu. 

noxpoÓHo H Ha^aTB npH dxoirb ci nepsaro ssena j^heboř uíbaK dKcne- 

pHMeHTOBl, ^peSl ROTOpue npHHLIOCB npoftTH BOJIBHO HJH HeBOJBHO TaM- 

ÓOBCKOiiy aeiicTBy. 

Hsbíctho, ^to Haqaio ceuiiAecsTUTb voMfiVb 6iuo speiieHeirB eecuia 
HacTaro ycTpoftcTBa RypcoBi dotth bo Bceft seifCRoň Poccíh. ycrpoHBajro 
sypcu, HJiH, Ksxb Tor^a útl HasuBajH, cbfew, h xaMÓoBcsoe ryóepH- 
CRoe seMCTBo. Kypcu npoHcxoAHjH OAHOBpeMeHHo vb H^csojibRHx^ ropo- 

MfiXh — j^fl cifiepHUXl, UeHTpaJIBHNDCl H fDSHUXl fbSJÍfiVb OTjd^HO; B% 

sa^ecTBÍ pyK0B0j(HTeje8 npHTJianiajvHCB H3BicTHue neAarorH Toro Bpe- 
MeHH; Ha xypcaxi b^ JTHneipefi spoifi neAarorHqecsHx^B npejpíeroB^ ?h- 
TajacB rarieBa: „ j;jia osHaKOHJema y^HTejiež ci napo^HoiD rHrieHoi)*', — 
roBopHTca B^ OT^ert, — „óhjtb npHrjameH^íOKTopi Me^iHi^HHU Topejiefl- 
HeHKO**. Ha Kypcax^ 1873 r. vh TaiiÓOB* 6hjio 118 qejíOBtiPB yqHrejreft 
H „Hepib;(RO HaxoAHJíHCB H nocTopoHHífl Jiin^a^. B^b MopmaHCBt (luo 
50 qejroB^Ki, vb rowh m/icjrb 13 BOJiBHocjTyiiraTejieĚ. IIo TorAamuHirB 
BpeneHaifB n TorAamneMy qHCjry hiroj^ arH aH({)pu HecoMff&HHO cbha'6- 
TejBCTByron 061 ycnixi KypcoBi. H ryĎepHCKaa BeMCKaa yiipasa, h 
KOBfMHccia co6paHÍfl, iTpH3HaBajnf yqpesAeme KypcoB^ u^ryrB jre ee no- 
jeaeiftiDHirB a^Jioitb Kb yjiy^meniiD Hapo^Hiixi yqnjrami", h ci 1870 r. 
HO 1878 r. BKiroqHTejiBHo mn BCTpiqaearB eHeroAHO accHrnoBame na 
KypcH Bi ryÓepHCKoft seMCKOŘ cmít*. O^naKO, yae Tor^a nyrB ki 
OTKpuTiiD KypcoBi ÓujTh ji,SLneito HG rjia^KHirB. Bi 1871 roAy npe^ooja- 
rajfocB ycrpoHTB RypcH npH homoh^h npeno^aBaTejbCRaro nepcoHaja 
irfecTHaro yqHrejTBCKaro HHCTHryTa, ho cobítb HHCTHxyra ne namejrB 
yAO<^HUM'B ROMaHAHpoBaTB CBOHX^ npeno^aBaTejeft bi fbsjm, a BOSHa- 
rpa«AeHie pyKOBOAHxejiefl, „npoeaxHpoBaHHoe ryóepHCKOŘ ynpaBot co- 
BMtcxHO (TB AHpeaxopoiTB HHCXHxyxa, npH3Haj^ HeAocxaxoqHHiTB". fíbjío 
paacrpoHJiocB, ho vb c^^yDn^eM^ ro^y ryfiepncKaíi ynpana nocxapaiacB 
„HSHCKaxB ApyrHxi ne^aroroBi noMHMO yiHxejiBCKaro HHcxHxyxa"; Rypcu 
cocxoHjniCB vb TaM6oBÍ h lUaiirt, ho ho cocxohjvhcb fb JEnnei^Rt, Ran 
roBopHxcH Bi AORJiajít, „no HesaBHcan^HirB orb ryfiepncKOft ynpaBH 
oócxoflxejTLCxBaiTB H HO BosABHrHyxuiTB Vb Baqajrb xkjieL co cxopoHii 
HHcneRxopa HapoAHUx^ yqHjrHni:B npenHxcxBrniTB no HcnoJiHeHÍD h^ro- 
xopHncB ((řopMajBHOcxeS". Bi 1874 r., cocxohjocb pacHopHsenie TorAam- 
Hflro MHHHcxpa HapoAHaro HpocBÍnieHÍH, rpa(j)a Tojcxoro, <?b noatejrameirB, 
qxo6u „yHHxejBCRie c^fe^H hjih, ttó xo lne, RpaxRocpoHBHe neAarore- 
qecRÍe Rypcu ycxpoHBa^HCB, no wbpb bosmoshocxh, npn vtexHUxi y«!H- 
xejTBCRHxi cevHHapiHxi; nTo6u pyROBOAHxejflMH hjh npeHo^aBarejnuiH 
6íiJíB nacxaBHHRH cenHnapift h yqHxejH naqajBHuxi npn nvíVb fiHJiHiirB, 
npH yqacxÍH AHpeaxopoBi^ ohbixi*; ttoóu nporpaMMU h pacnpeA^jesie 
saHAxiJt Ha crBisAaxi 6ujm cocxaBJtaeifu neAarorHqecRHVH covtrsMR ce- 
KHHapifi, H qxo6u AeHBFH, Ha3Haqaeinui oóuRHOBenHo y^pe^HrejfliR 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHRA. — y^HTEJIbCRIB KFPCU H OPABHJU. O RFPCAXX. 775 

x?&feAOBi Ha B03HarpaaKj|6HÍe pysoBO^iHTejiefi ohuxi, no coritameHÍi) c% 
ynpeAHTejiiiMH, paciipexiJAjrBCB Mes^y AOJrafflocTHumi jHuaicK ceiCHHa- 
pÍH^. Mu yse roBopHJra BHise o Hey^aTOoň nonuTsš xaMÓoBCRofi ry- 
6eimcBoi s^fCRoň ynpasii BOcnojibBOBaTiiCH au RypcoB'b cuaiíH irbcTHaro 
y^RTeiBCRaro HECTHryra k o pimeniH npHrjaniaTB „^tpyraxi^ ne^aro- 
TOVb; ry6epHeRoe co6paaie, HecMorpa Ha noasejaHÍe MHHHcrpa, Banuo 
6oAÍe yxo6Biswh j^epsaTbCfl npes&aro nopjiAKa h yorponsaTb Rypcu 
HesaBHCHMo OTB HHCTHTyra. Kasb mu yse ynoMHHajiH, cpeAcrsa Ha Rypcu 
aecHreosajiHCb buotb ao 1878 ro^a, ho hh vb 1874-irB, hh vb Ojím- 
satmie cxb^yDmie row Rypcu ho cocToaJDucb, Hocvorpa na crapamfl 
sencTBa. Bh 1878 ro^y ry6epHCRafl ynpaaa ^OBjajmsajia cotipaníH), tto 
^BTB npofliojiseHie híorojimchxi aíts* Rypcu se mofjih cocTOjn^ca, no 
HeaaBHCflHiHirb otl ryóepneRaro seiícTBa npM^HHairB, h HasHa^aeMaji ho 
CM^Tairb rytiepHCKHx^ noBHHHoereň cyna vh nocoóie yidíHiurB seii- 
CTMorb Ha paczoAU no y^HTaiBGBHiťii cbisAaicB ocraBajiacB sa Bce BpeMH 
6en BCflRaro ynorpeĎjeniji, yBeuraHBafl tojbro co6od onpoAtJHeifue xro 
cv&rawb paexojpu^. C!o5p8HÍ€ nocTanoBH^o „noco6ie Ha n/bajm óojíie 
vh (ďrbTy HO bhochtl''. TasnirB o(^a80VB, xaR% pasi Torw, Ror^a có- 
craBJíajnicb noApočnuji opasH^ia o Rypcax^ h nocjii Toro, Rax^ ohh 

Ů^XB. HSAaHU, yCrpoACTBO RypOOB^ <})aRTH?60RH ORasaJOCb HOBOdMOSHUirB, 

BecMorpfl Ha HajiHYHocTb Ao6paro seiania y „ynpeAHrediefi^. 

npomjo ABamafb-rpH roxa npea^e, qiirb ne^arorn^ecRÍe Rypcu 
BOdoÓHOBHJiHCb B^ TaM6oBCROĚ ry6epHÍH. Hx^ ycxpoHJio na dTOTb pas^b 
Ha CBOH epexcTsa Taaf($OBCRoe ybsABoe seifCTBO. PyROBOAnrejieirb 6ujn> 
npaivianremb ojchhi h8& H3BÍCTHÍfinuix% pyccRHTb noAarorovb — H. $. By- 
HaKwi; na Ryx>eu Óujio ROMaHAHpoBano seMCTBOirb 80 y^HTO^eĚ, ho Fb 
A:6ftcTBHTejibHocn co6paJocb no otH^móaJibHOMy oT^ery 168; 6u jh npi- 

<6s»e HO TOJIbRO H3l APyrHX^b flBAOBl, HO H H3b APyrHX'b, HHOrxa O^OHb 

xajresHXB rydepflii, OAnaRo orpoioioe dojbonracTBO cocTaBjaiH npiixaBHne 
Ha seMCRďí HJH na cBoň cnen y«TedJ[ TaMÓoBCRaro yfe^a: o^obhaho, 
HorpeÓHOCTb B^ Rypcax'b 6iua BauRa. Mejigty rixb, HesaAOJro ao Ryp- 
eovb paspaóOTUBajnrcb Marepiajni niROJbHot CTarHCTHRH no TaMÓOBCROMy 

y&Ay, H npH arOITb BUAOHHJOCb, qTO BO BCeM-B y&8A'6 eCTb TOJIbRO OAHH^ 

y^HTejib, 6uBaBnnň na neiaroni^cRHrb Rypcaxb: bto 6euo mecTHAecarH- 
jrfrTHit cTapKKb, cjrysBBmifi vh Toft »e caMoň hirojií en^e ci navajia 
cemAdCjmixi roAOBi. Ecjh b% BÍRoropux^ ApyrHx^b y^iHTeuibCRHxrb orst- 
Tax-b Bcrpt^ajHCb yRasaflia: ^ůaxh na Rypcarb**, to H9:b Aa^HMnmxi pasi- 
HcneHiŘ otfnapyafflBajocb, ^to piqb HAOTb o Rypcax'b rHMnacTHRH, híhíh 
H oropoAHH^ecTBa, nojiBBOBaBniHxcfl Fb t^ BpeMena noo^penieirb h oao- 
CpenieiTb neAarorH^iecKaro na^ajbCTBa. Bx OAHoirb otbítí ynoMHHajiocb 
Aaae o ROMaHAHpoBRi yqHTejra a^h H3y«ieHÍH ornecTofiKHx-b nocTpoeRx; 
y^HTejib, noMicTHBniift BTorb OTBÍTb noA^ pyfipHROR): ^Óhjii jh rto-jih6o 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



776 MOTHIKl EBPOUU. 

Hdi) y^as^Hxik Ha yqjrrejfbCKHXT* sypcan", ne saityM^JCfl, nepe^Hd^x 
nATJiHXfiusi noco6iH, nocraBHTB, p^aovb ci rjoóycaitH h beptrhexh no 
pyccROň H cBAmeHHOň HCTopÍH, 6apa6air& h 6apa6aHHHa najiKH um npe- 
noAaBaHÍH BoeHHoŘ rHaraacTHSE — oócroarejbCTBO, CBHA*TejiBCTByi)inee ho 
MeHbmett vbpl^ o híckojilro crpaHHOirL BavpaBjeHÍH neAarorK«iecBHrB 
B3r;rflA0BrB yqirrejieA TaMóoBcsaro y^xa, cjyinaBmiix'B Kypeu no HHorHm 
cneiiiajrLHocTflirB, apoiri^ vexarorH^eeBOtft. 

HTaBi, norpetíHOCTb fb Kypeaxi Óujra BejHsa h osh óujiíí ycTpoeHH. 
Ho cROJibBHX^ ycHjrii sto ctoujoI Otbítb o paspii^BiH RypcoBi npB- 
mejťh Bi TOTB caMuft Aeflb, aa BoropuA 6Hjro BasHa^eao jdtb orspmie, 
nocjit TpexHicilHHaro oanr^aHÍA. Jifl paspšineHifl HHcneRiqfl Bocapomeii- 
jiacB paBCHJRi^ yqHTejrjiM'B irporpaKiiH Rypcosi h npiixos^raaro Kb nei 
CBHCRa BonpocoBi H Teirb jma inicLweBHUx^ coo6ii^eHÍft, Rosopna aojshh 
ůsiJiyi AaTB varepiajTb Ůecb^h na Rypcax^. y^HrejrA HBiuHCb Henov 
roTOBjreHHHMH, h Becb jsjíawh pafioTB pyROBOAHrejra <^HjrB Hapyiiesb. 
OrpevjíeHie oxpairarb Rypcu orb Roro-ro h orb ^ero-ro 6bio ran 
BejiiiRo, ^To Bo BxoAHOirb ÓHJierb tíuio oTBasáHo 6£iBiiieiry ropoAcsony 
rojioBib, BOTHpoBaBmeMy bi aeiioBoirb co6paHÍH Rpe^Hrb na Rypcu, sa 
TOifb ocHOBaHÍH, ^TO offb 6oJiie HO ropoAeR(dl rojTOBa h ho ^Msoh aai- 
CRaro coópanijf, a cjiAOBaTOjrbHo h ho coctohti bi ^noA „yqpew- 
TOJrefi" ^). DocjrfeAHee oÓCToaTejrbCTBo — MOJOHb, ho m&io^ xapaRrepHax 
j[^H TOŽ o6eTaHOBRir, b% Roropoft npiíxoAHTCA x'&floi!BOBaTb „y^e^HTO- 
jraiTb" RypcoBi. 

Ha Rypcaxn^ 1897 roxa y^HTOJiH npocHJni, ^To6a „€*as6oBCRoe sen* 
CTBO ycTpoHBajfo no^an^e neAarorHqecBie Rypcu h irote wb cocraai srb 
BXOAHJio o6Dieo($pa30BaTej[bHoe ^TOHie no npexMOTavb, mAw>mfiu'b seoo* 
cpeACTDeHHoe oTHomeme r% yqeOHo-BOCDHraTejibHOHy xtJiy^. Ha BCTpfb>ry 
BTOvy sejaHÍK) nonuro ryCepiiCRoe BeMcrao* B^ 1899 roxj cocrouocs 
nocTRHOBjíeHie ycrpoHTb Rypcu j^on 1900 r., H(}UwioaccHrHOBaHO ajs 
arofi nixa 5.000 py6. KaRi TojbRo HOCxanoBJíeHie cotipaHia 6u4o yrsep- 
SA6H0, ynpasa BCTynsjía bt. neperoBOpu ch pyROBOXHTeiaiiH; h^crojiux) 
jívíWb óujíH yse saHflTu; HasoaeiK^, 3-ro Mapra 1900 r. pymBOJiHTQXb, 
BupasRBDrifl CBoe cor^acie, 6ujrb irpeACTaBjreH'b Ha yrsep^xenie. 3to 
tfujTb OAHHi H31 cj[y»aniHrb seMCTBa, saHHHaBnritt BH^Hyi) nej^aroiv^e- 
cRyio A0Ji»cH0CTb; panie offb pysoBoxHjrb ffh Te^eaie i^ijwro pa^a jrbn 
RypcaMH B% HOoropoACRofi, ^epHHTX)BCROft H ROCTpoacRot ry6epHÍazs h 
TOASo-vro noxj^MJPh o<|Kf)BiriajfbHyK) (ÍJiaraxapHocTb flonOTHTejia y^efiearo 



^\ Hmo sawkniTii, iro sa fWh xo ftypcoBi, no HBHióaTni dtoto o^mfic^nwMMM 

XÍJiTej«, seMCKoe co6paHÍe oÓpaTRio BHiuiaBie na ^lacToe nepeiitiiieiiie sBcneKiáea 
yHBTe^eiy npoHSBOAHBmee BnenaxjiiHie Hrpu bi cboh cocíah, h noTpeóoBaio TOHoaro 
HCDOJHeHifl saEOHa, Bi cBiy KOToparo TasAn nepeifiiueHÍH aojxhu npoHCXoxHTb e% 
B'lAOMa H corjiaciii aeiicKoft ynpaBU. 



Digitizedby ViiQOQIC; "^ 



XPOHHBA. — yqHTEJB€EtB KYPOU H IIPABHJA O KyPOAXl. 777 

oKpyra 3ft iroc^ijade sypcii, na bot opurb Buerynajrb pyROBO^iHrejieifB. 
KasajocB, h6 6ajso Htcra covrtnifliob* Oj^aso, npoiHJio Aoa ctb nojio- 
BHHOi irbeai^a h laewifixro ao npeAnojioaBefíHaro saqajia Kjpcoe^b ea- 
jicHHJiocB, 9T0 npHTJiaineHHuft pynoBOXHTeJb ee óy^ors yTsepas^eHi. 
HaAO 6w^o oTucsfleaTB Apyroro, h sa arorB pa3i ynpaB'b nocqacrjH* 
BMJoeb sapyTHTBCx eer^adeiTB o^Horo HárK HSBicTHtiBiixi pyccBHX'b 
cneipajiHCTaBB no Bonpocairb HaiajLHaro oóy^eHifl. FapaHTied ycnisa, 
ni^sjcHMOMy HeeoMH^BHoft, 6fiLio TO oécTOtrejBCTBo, ^nro aro jh^o yse 
6iiJR> yTfiepacA6Q0 b% to ace caMoe j^to b% xpyroKB ropo^t Toro ae 
caMaro yqcHSnaro oi^yra. KypcH tíbUH oraoseui Ha ocobb, óyuara cb 
npe^craajieiiieirB nonija no HHcraHOiisirB, yqHxejfl h npeAcrftwiTejn aoH- 
CTBE SAaJiH, paxyaoB sapanie, qxo ysH^ai^ Ha RypcaxB gtojb bsbíct- 
earo ne^apora. O^Haso, npomjo AocTaroino BpeiieHH, hto6u c^^aTB 
HOBue noHCBH pyROBOAHTejH, a cjrJMoBaTBJBHo H caanie Kypoa — hobob* 
ifoiBffiíMH, H cHOBa nojfyqHJiCfl orsibrrB, usb soroparo aacTBOBajio, qro 

BOSHOSHOe BB OAUOMB FOpOA^ HOBOBHOSHO BB ApyrOMB, XOTA OT^^^ 

XOJO&ewb ůhiA^ 6u HcxoAHTb BB ROHeqeoKB e^erb, noBH^HMoify, otb o^Hora 
H Toro xe ópraHa BJracTH, RaEB a^a TaiiOoBa, TasB h j^ia Kypcca. Somctbo 
He Tepa JO aHepriu: Cujio pj^moHO Ao6HBaTBCfl KypcoB^ cHOBa bb 1901 
roAy; ryÓepBCKoe coOpaHie acc^rHOBajio na dtotb paarB 6.000 pytf., oaho 
H3i> yisAHHXB — 1.455 py6. OtímeoópaaoBaTejibHHe KypcH 1901 ro^a 6ujm 
noApoÓBO onBcaHU, h norovy vu h8 6yAeMs ocTaaaBJHBaTBCfl aa nofb hcto- 

pÍH,a ROCHeMCH JIHBTB OAHDĚ CTOpOBU, ROTOpaJI BB IipOBIJIOirB TOA? filUa CpaB- 

HBTejiBBo vajio saTpoByra. npeAiioj»rajiOGB, tto RypcBi 6yAyTB bo tojubo 
o6n^eo6pa80BaTejiBBUMB, bo h neAarorBqecRHMH, h Ba neAarorHqecRyi) 
cTopoHy óujio oÓpan^eBO Be ceHBme BBHHaHiB, qtarB Ba oói^eoĎpasoBa* 
TejBByiD. HcxoAH mi> onuTa npeABBAyin;HXB aeyAaqB, p6mHiíH Bu6paTB 
TaKoe JiHi^o, ROTopoe hmíjo 6u aa coóok) npHMŠpB yTsepacAOBia Be 
TOJiBRO bb ApyrHX'B ropoAax'B, xoth 6u toto ace xapbBOBORaro yqeÓBaro 
oRpyra, bo h bb caiioirB TaH6oBb, b Roropoe, cjiiAOBaTejiBBo, yAOB^e- 
TBopAJio 6íi Be TOJIBRO 6ojr6e hjh MeBte hbbícthumb oĎnqorB, bo h 
npoAnojiaraeMUMB cae^iaJBBUMB ii^^Buirb Tpe6oBaHÍAirB. TaRBMB jbiiomb 
6HJIB H. $. ByBaR0B'B, pyROBOAHBmi* RypcaMH bb TanCoB* bb 1897 r., 
AoeflTRH jrbTb wiwbcTHUŘ BdbiTB) BUcrynaBniift eoeroABO aa Rypcax% 
bbjiotb ao 1900 r., aBTopB oAoňpenBHX-B MBHHcxepcTBOifB yqeóBHROBB. Ca- 
MHĚ BospacTB BoqTeHBaro neAarora, noBHABHoiEy, BCRjnoqajTB scARyio bos- 

MOSBOCTB nepOHi^BH B^B HBMI, a CJlŠAOBaTeJIBBO H bb OTBOm^HXB RTB 

BeMy co cTopoBU aAMHBHCTpai;ÍH 3a sopOTsiň cpoKB CTB tíxi nopB, RaRB 
OBI BHCTynaj^ kb nocjrfeAHifl paai Ba RypcaxB bb TaMÓOB*, HasjíoBCRij 
flpocjraBjíi h Gabcc*. OnaTB nomjo no HHCTaHiUnirB „npeACTasjíeBÍe** 
H onaTB qepearb xpH irfecAua BuacBHJiocb cyni.ecTBOBaHÍe BenpeoAOJiBMbixB 

npenaTCTBift, A«^« KOXOpHXl B^ pyCCROMB E9UKÍ HaOÓptTOHB ocoóuí 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



.778 BMTHHSl SBPOmL. 

dBij^MBCTH^ecRÍfi TepMHHi: „HesaBEcxmÍH oóCTOHTejiBCTBa^. ?to6h coacTH 
Rypcu (npHrjfameHie pyROBOAHTejifl no pyccsoMy oímkj ^BHJOCh Heope- 
M^EHMiiik ycjiOBieiTb HX'b paspimeHÍA), ynpasa npiirjiaiffljra peiEOMeHJio- 
BaHHaro ei npenoAaBaTejA oahoě uvh mícthuzi^ rmiHasit, ÓUBinaro ape- 
no^asaTejiA y^HreJbcsoi ceMHHapÍH. Ohi 6ujn> oneHB 6iiCTpo yTBepsKAeETB, 
HO, Basi cooÓn^ajiocL en^e wh nponiJoirB roxy* enie csopie npeRparHA 
HanaTUfl saHATui, a nocji BypcoKb wh OT^erik, npexcraBjeHHoirb bi 
MopinaHCRyE) yŠQXHyi) ynpasy, y^HTejji-KypcHCTU nncajTH: „cnei^aju>H0 
AHAaOTHqecRaA lacTB 6iua Beesva HeyAOBierBopHrejBHa... o6pa8i^oBue 
jrpoBH HarjiAAHO noRasajH, Rasi He cjrij^yerb secTH saHATÚi wb msojri^*'.^ 
Otín^eoÓpasoBaTejiBHaa ^ctb KypcoBi h opraHHBOBaHHiui vb cbash 
cb RypcaMH óec^AU hm&ih orponnuft ycntob, sacBHXi&TaiBCTBOBaHHHi 
Wh BecBMa ropAHMXi Bupaxemflxi tíitb se caMum OT^eroirb MopmaH- 
CBHX-B y^HTejíeň, ROTopuň Tasí ne^ajiBHO orsEnaerca o xkarejíhBocm 
pyROBOAHTejiA HO pyccROMy flsuRy. O Towb se cBHA^TejifcCTByiorB otbhbs 
yqHTeJiei hsb ApyrHxi fbsAOWb, ot^ibu HtRoiopun hhhobi HHcneRipH 
H npeAci^aTejett y^ji;Hux'B ynpaBi, rotophitb npHHUOCb Ha6jDjiMkTB pa- 
6oTy rbrb x^ caMux'B y^HTejeS ao h nocjrš RypcoBi. 9totb ycn&cb 
HOSBOJiAJii 3a6uTb HeB03M0SHUfl TpyABOCTH H HoyAa^H; ottb BOSHarpa- 
SA&Jn> sa MyqHTejiBHo Txsejyi) paóOTy B'b ycjoBÚixi nojHot HeonpeA^ 

jeHHOCTH H H6H3BÍCTH0CTH H daCTaBJflXB eOOpeAOTO^HBaTB BCd^ miCJIH H 

Bce BBHMaHie na 6yAyn^eirb, na npoAOJiseHÍH h Aa^BHifinteirB pasBHiíH 
Toro, HTÓ oRasajiocb yAaHHuirB, Ha hoboitb BunoiíHeHiH Toro, qró óiuo 
HeBunoJiHeHo hjh BunojraeHO seyAaiHo. HacTofl^uBUfl aosejiaHÍA camixi 
y^HTejiefi, hxh eaAesAU aBHTBca kb óyAymeirB roAy cb eosHaTejn^HUioi 
H ACHO <))opMyjHpoBaHHuifH sanpocaiiH, cm noAroroBjreHHUirB MaTepia- 
lOMi H DJiaHoifB pa6orB — Bce aro oofiysAaJio aoposhtb MOHeHTOirB h 
CTapaTBCA HcnojiBSOBaTB npHHOAHAToe HacTpoeHie. 3hmoh) 1902 roxa 
OHHTB HaqajacB o6uHBaA paóora. Ha dTOTB pasi óujie npHrjianieHU 

pyROBOAHTeJIAMH H JieRTOpaMH HCRJ[K)qHTeJIBHO JHOa, COCTO^n^A Ha UeMfiL" 

rorH^ecROft cjíym&b, Óuxsi nojiyqeHU 6jiaroDpÍATHue ot3ubu hx'b na- 
^a^BCTBa, H, ofl^AOBaTejiBHo, npenflTCTBiň He Mor^o 6htb cb droA o6uŘ- 
hobobho caMoň onacHoft cTopoHU. IIporpaMMa jeRTopa ho pyccRoĚ jh- 
Tepaxypt, r. CaRyjrana, h nporpaMMa pyROBOAHrejfl no MeTOAHstpyccRaro 
jiBURa, H. H. AxyTHHa, pasocjaHHUfl y^HrezAirB, BOSÓyAHJiH orpoMmift 
HHTepecs H BusBajiH MHOsecTBo sanpocoBi. MeaKAy t^itb Bpeiifl nijo, 
oTBŠTa ne nojiy^iajocB, na^iajiHCB sanpocu o cyAB6d^ RypcoBiB, h bi rohi^í 
ROHi^oBi A^o CBeJiocB Kb nepeuHCRt, ROTopafl Mor^a 6u aatb hoboa^ 
AJA nsBicTHaro pascRasa ^exoBa „Mnoro ÓyMara^. Bnpo^eifB, TaH6oB- 
óRÍft BapiaHTB pascRasa (xx^AOBajio 6u osarjaBHTB: „Mnoro Tejierpaím''. 
XoAaxaftcTBO o Rypcáxi Óujio oocjiaHO 10 Mapxa. 30 aopi^ ynpaBa 
npocuja noneiHTejA OKpyra TOJierpaMMOK) o ero cyABÓi. Otbíti rja- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHKA. — yqHTEJBCKJB ByPCtí H lEPABBJIA O KFPGÁrb. 779 

cHJTk: xo^araĚcTBO orocjaHo vh MHHHCTepcTBO 3 anp'&[ii. Keři hbbíctho, 
npaBua o sypcars npexocraBjrflDrb oBOH^aTeji&Hoe pfaneHÍd Bonpoca 
caMOMy noneHHTejDO. CjrbAyDnpfi Teji6rpa4>Hufi sanpoci 6ujrh nanpaB- 
jĚBWh Kb xenapraMeHTE Hapoj^raro npocffbni^eHifl. Orsi^THaA xejierpaMica 
cooÓB^aia: ^OauiAaeTCA otsubi yneHaro soMErera''. HecMorpa na ycno- 
KoarejiBHua craTbH r. FeoprieBCKaro vb „Sypsajíš MHHHCTepcTBa Ha- 
pojCHaro npoeBÍuiieHÍA^, penyraiiúí BOMSTera »b cimcjťk ÓHcrpoTU ero 
A^TejLHocTH He cTOHTi oco6eHHO BucoBO vb FJiasarb npoBHHiúaJKHiirb 
jiíkxrejíeŘ h y^pesAesiň, h6 HiriDiipQCb bobmoshocth HaÓjDxaTB pafioTy 
BOHHrera bCjtobh, ho cy^Hmexo^ o HeĚ XHmb no eji pesy^bTaxairb. KpoM^ 
Toro npHÓJHsajocb BpeMA sypcoBi, na^o 6ujo Ha^uraaTb noj^roroBH- 
T6JU>HHJi paóoTu, H 16 Haa Vb BOMHTerb 6uja Tasse nooiaHa TOJie- 
rpaMxa, a 18 Maa nojy^oHa Tejierpainia hs^e nerepóypra 6e3^ noOTHCH, 
HO Hocaniaji HecoMHiHHHt xapasrepi OTBtia na sanpocb, oópan^eHHuň 
Vb BOMHTerB: „EypcBi pasptmeHu, apoiA HeropiH jHTepaTypH h hcto- 
piH SeMJH**. OCTaBBJOCb BOCnOXBSOBaTBCA TOD nacTBi), BOTopaa ohobhaho 
6ujia paspimena, T.-e. Mero^uncoD pyccBaro JiSUBa h ihbojbhod ruríe- 
Hoi, ho jms dToro Tpe6oBajiocb nojiyiHTE otbíte orb Ha^ajbCTBa, ysa^ 
saHHaro vb iipaBHjrax'B 1875 r., T.-e. orb noneTOTOM yqefinaro ospyra. 
Ha HOByi) Teierpamfy none^HTejb oTBi^airb: „^o nojyHeHia oapyroicb 
OTBiTa MHHHCTepcTBa Boopoct O Rypcaxi He MoaeTi c^HraTbca p6m6H- 
HbDTb". 3aTÍirb 5iua eo^e oj^Ha Tejierpamia noHO^HTejH) on 4 íiohah 
HOBut otbíti: „GeroAHA chobb cA^ajTb sanpoci AenapraMeHry*'; HOBaa 
TejerpaMMa ynpaBU 10 úoHa, h HaBoneicB 18 inna, nepesi Boceiib ahoA 
eocaí ope^qioaoseHHaro na^axa BypcoKb h ^6x111)6 cjraHOSoirb mícai^ 
nocjrb na^ajia nepenHcsH, 6ujrb nojty^oHib sasJíD^mrejEHud, ycrpaHHB- 
HiiĚ BcaBÍa coMHÍHÍa oTBirb — Toae no Te-ierpa<j)y: „Xo^aiaftcTBO o syp- 

taX% OTBJEOHeHO*'. 

Brb HacToan^ee BpeMa bi» jHrepaTypt ^) n vb AOBja^axi somcbhxi 
ynpaKb naaonHJiocb mhofo yBasaHíi Ha HeoÓxoAHMua Hsirbnenifl vb xiŘ^ 
cfíBjv)mjBx% npaBHJiax'b o Bypcaxi*. PesDirapyji nxii, mosho ycTanoBHTb 
aiÍAyK)nUa rjaBHMmifl Tpe6oBaHÍfl: 

1) Heo6xoAHHo, hto6u y^pe^HTejiairb sypcoB^ BasoBiiMH vb na- 
CTOHH^ee Bpena aBjaJOTca ry6epHCBÍa h jíqkbusl seMCTBa, 6ujío npe^o- 
eraBJíeHO npaBo caMHii^b npHTjamaTb jioBTopoBi h pyBOBOAHrejeň, na- 
MÍHaTb nporpaHMU Bypcosib h ox^&ibHHxi npe^MeroBi, bojh^octbo cjy- 
maxejefi, iax% cocxaBi h npoAOJSHxaxbHocxb. Ha npaBXHBŠ vb 6ojb- 
hihhcxbí cjyqaeBib Bce axo h ^'^aexca caifHMH seMcxBaiiH, noxoMy qxo 

^) yiuuKeirb sxtcB tojbro jfi^ Hexaseifl CTaiBn: bi „Bícthhkí BocnETank", ^ 4, 
1902 r., CTaT&D K dsHrani^eBa: „y^HreJiBCRie sypcH^ h fb „CapaTOBCsoŘ 3eMCKoft 
HeAtii" 1901 r^ J^ 42 — 45; CTaTBi) B. E. BaxTepoBa: „KypcH xu yHHT&ieft h yra- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



780 mcTBmeh bbpooou. 

bdojh:! ecTecTBeHHO, ^to jihi^i h yqpea^emfl, majoei^ AeHBni, sejaím 
ÓiiTb yBtpeBHUMii, <iTO AeurH noŘ^Th HMeHHO jífia to£ uíkxvL, Boropyi) 
OBH HíťkiH B% BHAy. ^McTByK>iAÍfl iipaBiua, noATBepsxeHBfiifl nexas- 
HHiTb ipipKyjiflpoM3» MHHHcrepcTBa HapoAHaro IIpocBid^eHÚ[ a&b otiflsaB- 

HOCTH AHpeKQÍH npHTJamaTB pyKOBOAHTeJI^ft, BaSlb HBBÍCTHO, TlACBTh 

HHoe, HO ne TpyAHo 6u») 6u pa^oirb npBmbpowh ^osasaTB, kb KasHirb 
nocjfbACTBÍJiiťb AOJSHO noBecTH CTporoe Hcnojraeme flpaBHXb h o^HpKyjupa, 
nepeAaDn^Hxi caMyB BaasHyi) ^acTb bi opraHHsai^ÍH sypooBi* Kb hckjik)- 
qHxejbHoe BŽ^beie jhijcb, (Mtaóo^eHHUxii rjaBHUirb oópasoMi, qxočiii ace 
oÓGTOAJio CÁKTonoxjnuo vb riasarb sa^vaibCTBa, h o^esb iiajo sasHrepe- 
coBaHHux'b B% Tom, icaRib 6yAyTi uspacxoAOBaHu seiteBiJi q>excTBa. Mn 
yDOMHHajiH Bume o luaieBHOĚ Hey^a^i neAaroratiecjsoi qacrx iia Taic- 
6oBCEaxi> Kypcaxi, scxb^cTBíe sair&Hu HeyTB^nBAOHHaro fiyflasoBa aecuia 
óucTpo H oxoTHO yTBepsKAaHHuiTb JHn^oiTb, o6pa8]v>Biie yposH soToparo, 
no OTSBiBy y^HTe^efi, mofjh cjiysHTb npMiitpoirb, BaKi» ae cjducyen 
AaBB^ ypaKOB'b. Rb raBeraxi coo6ii^ajiocb o HeyTBepsA6HÍH vb Tyji 
THxoMHpoBa H ByHaaoBa h o toitb, ?to sBantob Docji'bAHflro x^eaiqji, 
corjiacHO i^fpRyjiApy, pesoMeflAOBajia irbcTHaro EHcnearopa, o soropovb 
Hifterca coBepneHHo ToaK^ecTBenHiiiň cb npexh^AjíOfnrh otsuvl o4^h- 
ipajibHaro J^^a, Ha6jH)AaTejiui sa Óojkobckuih sypcami opioficsoi ry- 
6epHÍH O* 

2) QpaBiua o sypoax^b mjm^bu 6nTb ()>opiiyjiHpOBaHU TaK%, htoóíi 
Bi HTb paMKH yRjiaAUBajiGCb Bce pasHOoópasie Bui^iiHyTbix^ za3^>i> 
apocBtTHTeibHuxi cpeACTBi, opraHH3yeMbix'b vh cBaas ci sypcaiou aa* 
HJrria no motoarkí nepBonaqajibHaro o6y^eHu; oócysA^HÍe hobstb to- 
Henifi BTb ofixacTH ueji^arorHRH, flosicťb npieMOKb ofiyqeniA, noBurb no- 
co6ift, y^eČHHEOBi, pysoBojtcTBi H KHHPb fl^n BHiuaccHaro HTeBÍa;6e- 
GÍflfiL 06% opraHHsaiýu BH'&-niROJibHaro o6pa30BaHÍA, CHcreifaTHHecBoe 
osnaKonjenie ci^ cyn^ecTBy^meň ;^tcboí h Hapo^Hofi jfarepaTypofi, co- 
BMtcTHoe (Tb seMCKHMH A^^TejHMH o6cysAeuie xosflficTBeflHUXb Bjmx^ 
msojiu H xosatcTBeHHoň opranHBaitíH niBOJibHaro ;i^a; oón^eoópasoBa- 
TejbHUH jreRiýii; ycxpoňcxBo BbicTaBORib neAarorH^ecRHXi rhetb, y^e6- 
HHSOBi, HarjflXHuxi noco6i& h t. ;(. Bb sasB^oirb oTA^JibHOirb cjynai 
AOJsna AonycsaTbca jiv)6aA, cooTB^TCTByDn^aa Mfionmvb ycJOBioirb h 
AaHHUirb noTpeÓHOCTaiTb, soMÓHnaiqH ota^jbhuxi axeifeHTOBrb. Bhjo 6a 
HeyjuodHo, 6CJM6U, nanp., 6ujie padpfameHU o6nieo6pa30BaTejn»Hue KypcH, 
HO He HHaqe, RaK'b ota'í^ho oTb neAarorHqecRHxa^ osh ho HHa«ie, Ran 

Vb CBaSH (Tb hhmh. 

3) Heo6xo;^HMo ynpocTHTb npoaeAypy paspimenia RypcoB^. Rb Ha- 
CTOHiii;ee spěna 3eMCKÍa ynpaBu o6paui,aK)Tca bi* yl^^Huň y^HjHniHiiii 



^) Cm. „GapaTOBCKÍŘ ^HeBEEsi**, 1902 r., Jé 98, KoppecnoBAeHiqji asi Tym. 



GooQÍe 



Digitized by VjOOQ 



XPOHHRA. yTOTMbCKIE KFPCU H OPABHJIA O KyPCAXl. 781 

covbrh^ dTOTB nocxbjpii chochtcjí ctl AHpeKTopoirB Hapo^HHXib y^H- 
j[Hii^'B, </(HpeKTOp:E — Gb Hone^HTejeifB. Jl^ajiBHMiiiia „cHoméHÍa" npaBHjraMH 
He npeAycMOTptHU, ho, KSJSb mu tojibko-^to roBopnjra, npasTHKa HHorAa 
MjsfiTh jífiLihme npafiHJTB, h none^HrejiB b^ cbok) o^epeAB chochtca cib 
MHHHCTepcTBOM-B. GaMKirb ecTecTBeHHUiTB pimemeicb dxoro Bonpoca 
6Mja 6u nepe;^qa npaBa paspimaTB Bypcu yisAHOiiy y^BJíHm^HOHy co- 
BiiTy, ecjH Kypcu jiajsflue, h ryĎepncBOicy, e&iH Kypcu ryfiepncRÍe ujk 

H^eSOJBBHXIb jbSJSJBUTb SOMCTBl. ECJH SB dTO OKaSOTCa HeBOSMOSHUlTBV 

TO Heo6xoAH¥o To^iHoe ycTaHOBjeHie cpoBOBib, b'b Tepeme BOTopuxi a^* 
MjifiHCTpaTHBHEia y^pesA^HÍfl H mnjBiy pa3piI^aK)lI^A Rypcu, oúsasLEU AaxB 

nOJlOSHTeJBHUfl HJIH OTpHI](aTeJ[BHUŽ OTB&TB. 

4) HeoÓxoAHMo coBepmeHHO ycTpaHHTB h37» npaBSJíT* Bct rb nojio- 
seflifl, BOTopuA ocHOBanu na toitb, qxo cjiymaTejH BypcoB^ pasciia- 
TpHBaDTCjai saB^B yHeHHSH, ecjH ne HHsmaro, to cpeji;Haro yneÓHaro 3a- 
Be^eHifl apxaH^ecEaro inna. HHKaBHMH co({>H3MaHH nejiBSfl H3MtHHTB 
TOTB (j[>aBrB, ^To cjiymaTejiH — ^jidah BspocjiHe, caMH y^HTejia, h ^to h4- 

KOTOpue H31> HHX'B HM^DTB 3a C06oň MHOrOJrbTHÍ£ OnUrB m> TOWb a^jtI, 

pa^H BOToparo ohh abhjhcb na BypcLi. OTCH>Aa cjrbjíjeTb yHE^TOsenie 
oéiiaaTeJBHOCTH npH6uTÍH na Bypcu, oóasaxejBHoeTH ypoBOBi b^b o6pa3- 
i^oBofi inBai'6, — npaBHJia, orpaHUHHRanniaro ^hcjio cjiymaTejíefi coo6pa3Ho 
HHCJiy pyBOBOAHTejefi. 9to uocjťkjíflee npaBEuro b^b HacToan^ee BpevA 
ocoCeHHO ^lacTO Be^erB kb ne^íopasyMifliaM-B— npeayíe Bcero cbooh) ho-. 
onpeA:&ieHH0CTB]D. ?hcjo pysoBOjiiHrejieň js,oa«íeo Óutb hh b% saBOiťB 
cjry^ai ne MOHie AByx'B, ec^H BOJH^ecTBo cjryniaTejieft Cy^erB npocTH- 
paTBCJi jís) 40 jHi^, rjiacHTB n. 12 npaBHJi'B. Hto sto sna^HrB? Ha^o 

JH nOHHMaTB 9T0 TaBX, HTO eCJÍH pySOBOJíHTOJiefi ÓOJťke AByX-B, TO ^HCJÍO 

cjiymaTejieft MomerB BoapocxaTB HeonpeA*JreHHo, hjh ae naofioporB — 
OTCD^a cjr&Ay6TB BLiBo;i;i», ?T0 na Bas^ue copoBi cJiymaTejefl aoj^ho 
6bitb jíBa pyROBo;íHTeja, a na Ka»;^aro pyBOBOAHTCJia ;íoji»ho 6htb ne 
Dojíce ABa^ni^aTH cjrymaTejieft? Btotb nocjikjíjáŘ BHBOJ^'B nacTOJBKO npo- 
THBopi^HTB npaBTHBi, ^To oro Hc p4niaK)Tca A-kiaTB ;i;aate canue poB- 
HOCTHue HafijioAaTejiH. E^íHHCXBeHHoe sasjíro^eHie, ROTopoe ohh A^Jaroxi^ 
H3i 9Toro naparpa({)a npaBHJTB h noATBeps;^aH)u^aro ero ii;HpByjiflpa, co- 

CTOHTB Wb TOITB, ^TO Ha^aJIBCTBO HO Oj;o6pfleTB MHOrOJTlOJíHHXTb EypCOBTb 

H HTO OHH jíjQJimnu no Mtpi chjtb cTapaTBca o coKpameniH. 

5) CoBepmeHHo ne OTBinaerB ;^McTBHTeJIBH0CTH h j^ojixno 6utb 
ycTpaneHO npaBHjo, KOTopoe CTaBHTB Haó^ro^axeja wh nojomeHie na- 

^ajTBHHsa EypcoB-B. Oh-b MoateTB h ^ojihoh-b 6utb ho 6oji4e Bas-B Cajd- 
cTHTejieírB aasonnocTH. 

IIpaBHJia o Bypcax-B, saB^ cjKniHo, nepecMaxpHBaiorB. BecBMa b^- 

POHTHO, TTO HOBKW HpaBHJa Cy^yTB 6jlH»e E-B ^íiŽCXBHTeJIBHOCXH. Mo- 

seTB 6uxB, OHH ocymocxBflx^ HacxB yRaaaHHHx-B 3ji,ícb no»ejraHÍft, h 

ToMi V.— Oktbbpl, 1íK)2. 50/^3 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



^^7^ 



782 vhcmmffh ebpoiqi. 

6&arb coHHima acejiaTejbHO, ^to6u HcnuTUBaDmiH flaH6oji»mia HeyjB(o6- 
cTBa seMCTBa BLicTynnjH cb xo^aTaňcTBaím no dTOiiy noBo;^. Ho le 
cjAjíjeTb 3a6uBaTB TaBse, ^o ne wb oj^hhxti npaBiuaxi aíjo; ito ne 
nenie aasHO, Bási* Óy^yri npHM^HflTBCA npasHja: bi j^^jiaxi jih pas- 
BHTÍ& KypcoBi», HJiH HaoÓopoTb; qTO, HaBOHeK^b, ffh Bucmež CTeneHi 
BasHa yBŠpeHHOCTB kb toitb, qxo opraHflsaipji BypcoFb Óy^erB ^ 

CTBETeJIBHO SaBHC^TB OTB TbK% HULE JífiJTÍSXh o6mfill3Vh€TEtíai> IipaBEA 
H BHTJlEJÍfiVb, a He 0T1» CJ^iaňHIIXl H HaJIO nOHflTHUKB npH^HH^ Rb 

HacTOHn^ee BpeMA mu bhahitb, ^T0 oaho h to se xtaifi yrBeps^aercu 
pyBOBOAHTejieifB b:b o^oifB H He yTBepsAaercfl vb ^pyroifB ropo;(i Toro 
se y^eÓHaro oKpyra, ^fi roBopn yse o pasHm^B ospyrarB. Bb o^Hon 
roAy pasp^maDTCii o6nieo6pa30BaTejiBHue Rypcu, a na cJŠAyK^npi rox^ 
Wh ToiTB se ropoA*]^ ne pasp^&maDrcii. IIcEOBCKOMy ryÓepHCBOiiy seiceTBy 
ne pa3ptinaH)TB noAarorHHecKHxi sypcoB'B, a peKOMeH^yDn oóm^eoópa- 
sofiaTejiBHue, ApyrniťB — naoóopoTi*. YHenHĚ EOHHTeirB MHHHCTepcTBa 
npHSHaeTB Bypcu wb IlaBJOBCKi ch jtokipamh no HCTopin jrarepaTypK h 
reojorÍH „AOCTHraion^HHH Haiii^qeHHux'B ui^eĚ, orqacTH Vh cmucií no- 
nojmeníH snanifi ynan^Hxcji, OT^acTH h rjanmoTB oépasoirB vb cmucjí 
B036ya;^eHLff bi hhxi yMCTBenHBUCB HHTepecoBTb" („PyccK, Han. y^HT.", 
1901 r., ít 8 — 9, exp. 8), h totb se KOMHrerB BinepBHBaei^ Hcropii) 
pyccKož jrarepaTypii h reojroriiD h31 nporpaMMU TaM6oBCEHxi» Rypoosi. 
HŽHipi roBoparB, 6yAT0 CTpamnuĚ Konei^ Jiy^me fiesKone^Haro 
CTpaxa. PyccKHiTB ÁJOjiflssfb, xa^B hjth nna^e conpHBacannpoicfl jdb 
oÓjacTBK) napo^naro oópasoBanifl, B'lpoAXHO ^acxo npExojs^mrb vb roJiOBj 
BonpocB: mrb Jiy^me — cyponaa jh onpeA'&ieHH6cxB, hjih ycxpaHHDn^ui 
BCAByH) B03M0SH0CXB npe^BH^^HÍa H npeABapHxejBHaro pasc^exa ne- 
onpe;^eHHOcxB? 

Bj. IDÍepba. 
r. TaMÓOBi, 1902 r. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC;.^ 



.^^kÚ 



xPOBinu. 783 



NHOCTPAHHOE OBOSP^HIE 

1 omtíSipB 1902. 



Biyrperaú jcbia bo #panóH. — Bo6hbhř cyx^ wmj^ nonuMEnom xe-Oeiis-Peia.— 

Boftia eh uepoKaiaifH ■ piu moHCTporb.— IIpufépH caaiuracsaro exiiHema: co5h- 

tír Bi XopBaTÍH.— ]][oiiuTKH aM6piiiaHCKaro BMimaTejucTBa vk eBponeficKyi) nauTHKy.— 

Mex^cynapoxEiifi cyxi bi Faarb. — BepjraHcidfi TpaKTan h PymiHÚi. 

BouHCTBeHHaji noJHTHEa no oTHomemD Kh AjxoBEuwh KOHrperaip^irB 
BO ^aHiUH ne AOCTaBHJia cjaBU MHHHCTepcTBy KoMóa h TOJibKO BHecjia 
HOBUĚ pa3Apa»aH)ni.ift ajeMOHrb bx oCHHHyro BeyTpennroio 6opB6y Meay^y 
pasjíH^HUUH sjíeMeHTaMH (j)paHiíy3CKaro oCmecTBa. KiepHRaJBHuft Ayxt, 
rocQOACTBOBaBiniA ao chxi> nopB cpe^H apHCTORpaTÍH h bx BucinHX'b 
cioaxTb 6ypaya3ÍH, BoapoAH^i&a cb hoboř chjoh) h npioÓpkrB Moryme- 
CTBeHHyD noMopJKKy btb yMipeHHOĚ jiH6epa«iBHoS napTÍn; jijkaTejm mo- 
HamecKHxx op^enoBii h ocofienno noHaxHHH Boaóy^^HJH ktb ceói neoaH- 
;^aHHoe co^yBCTBÍe Asme bi HHSfflHx-B KJiaccax-L HacejieHÍn, b-l Ka^ecrBt 
aepTBi HecnpaBe^^HBaro roHeflia. Bo MHornxt MicxaxTb specTBane 
dHeprHHecKH sacTynajHCB 3a MonaxHHL h osasuBajiH ynopnoe conpoTHB- 
jienie BJiacTHiTB npH saRpurÍH H6j(03B0jeHHux'B niK0J7>. Busu xaRse 
cjiy^an HenoBHHOBeHÍA wb apMÍH, Kor;i;a BoeHHLie otph;(u npHBjresajHCB 

Kb ynaCTiH) BTb HaCHJTBCTBeHHOlTB HCnOJHemH npaBHTeálbCTBeHHHX-B A6- 
KpeTOBl. 

Btb HaHT*, vb Haqaji ceExaĎpa, pasÓHpajíocB wb bocehoitb cy^i HHxe- 
pecHoe j^Jfo, pacEpuBaDH^ee bch) rjry6uHy aHTaroHH3Ma Mea;^y Hunto- 
HHMH npaBHxejHiMH pecnyÓJiHKH h óojtniHHcxBOM-B B•fepyK)^^^x•L KaxoJiH- 
KOBi BO ^paHiÚH. lIpe(j)eKXT> MopÓHraHCKaro AenapxaneHxa no^yiHJB 
HSBicxie, Hxo aHxejiH o^Horo Mtcxe^Ka roxoBaxca Kb BoopyaeHHoĚ sa- 
mjiTb HonaxHHB, noA^eaaBmuxi* y;^ajieHÍH) hsi niBOJiBHaro s^anifl; oetb 
noxpeÓOBajTB noaxoMy OTb ^ícteslto BoeHnaro Ha^ajiBHHKa, renepa^a 
^paxfe, ^xo6li xox^ pacnopíanjca npHCJiaxt 9CKa;ípoH'B cxpijiKOBx h3^ 
6jiHaaĚinaro ropo^a IIohxubh. OxpflA'B j^ojíTRewb 6u^'b npHÓuxB Kb wkcrj 
Ha3HaqeHÍfl na cjrfejnyiomee yxpo, hto6u npe;i;ynpe;qrrb 6e3nopa;i;KH h 
j^axB BOSMoaHOCXB areHxaMit aAMHHHcxpai^iH hchojihhxb BOSJíoaeHHoe na 
HHXTb nopy^enie. FeHepajrb ípaxě nepe;íajrB 3xo xpeóoBame no xeje- 
rpa(j)y no^KOBOMy KOManAHpy, ro;íeHy jíe-CeHx-PeiiH, ci» npocBÓoro H3- 
bícthxb o nocjrfe;íyK)ni.eM'B; ho hojikobhhk^ ocxaBHJB ;i;eneffly 6e3i oxBixa. 
HicKOJiBEO 'lacoBi cnycxa, renepajiTb BxopHqno xejierpa(j)HpoBajrB no;i- 

60* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



784 fiftCTHHSl EBPOnU. 

KOBHHKy, cb TpeóoBameirb HeMe^JeHEaro oTBtTa, ho tove no npeaKEeiiy 
xpaHHJB MOJi^aHie. Ha pa3CBtTt renepaji onaTb nocjaj^b ^enemy cb 
sanpocoiTB, nojj^eai jih npHKasi h npHBOAHTca jol owb vb hchoj- 
HOHie; yrpoHib noJKOBHHKrs p']^mHJCJi nasoHem OTB'&'iaTB csoeny Ha^ajo- 
HHBy, ^To dCKa;(poHi oerajCH Ha it&ctš. Gootfni^HBit o6i dirowb npe^f^sTy 
H ysnaB^b orb Hero, hto npHCiLXRa Boftcirb Heo6xo,]i(HMa, renepajrb ^paxě 
BHOBB o6paTHJCJi vh HOJTROBEMRy Ae-GevB-PeMH C!L RaTeropHqecKmrb 
npHRasaHÍeifE TOT^acrB se OTnpaBHTb acRaApoob h AaTb snaTb o&b aroirb 
xejierpaMMoň; Tor^a noJooBHHffb npHCJí&n cjrbAyiHiÚfi OTB^Tb: „He nory 
HcnojHHTb npHRasi, ocRopóJuinnui moh ^yscTBa h hod B^py''. Fenepajiy 
npHmjocb npe^JosETb nojROBHHKy nepe^aTb nojnrb CTapmeiry wai^ dcsa- 

APOHHUXI ROMaH;^HpOBl, ^TĎ H ÓbLIO HCHOJIHeHO; SaT^lTb owb OTnpaBEJiai 

Kb noHTHBH, BusBajTb Ki^ ce6i Fo^eHa A6*GeH^-PeMH h npocHjrb ero o&h- 
acHHTb CBoe noBe^enie. nojROBHHRi 3aaBHJ^, qro óujrh cxpamao b3bojho- 
BaHi nojy^eHHiuťb npHRa30ii!b, qTO, RaRi BoeHHufi, 0H'b HHRor;i;a ne 3aHH- 
Maic^ nojTMTHRofi H He Morb npe^BHAiTb, hto 6yAerb npHBJíeqeffb kb yqa- 
ctíh) B'b H']bpax'b npoTUBi RaTOJH^ecROĚ uepRBH; offb pasMuniJifljrb i^yi) 

HOlb, H HHRaRl He ÓUJTb Bl COCTOflHÍH HpHMHpHTb CBOfi AOJIPb COJiJSfiLTÍL 

ch BHynieHiaMH CBoeň cobí^cth; tojibro nocj^ xasejoň Bnyrpennei 
6opb6u OH^ npnmejrb Kb ssjuivy^efáv), hto ne Moserb cnocoócTBOBaTb 
HcnojHeniro ;i;aHHaro ony npHRaaa. HojiROBHHRTb Fo^eHi ;^e•CeH^-PelIH — 
qejibBÍRT> yae neMOJiojiiofl; oht* nocxynHjrb na cjyaóy bi 1870 ro^y, 
npoinej['b Rypcb b-l ceni-cnpcROž BoeHHofi hiro^ h nojbsoBaJicfl o^eHb 
xopomeň penyTauíefi, RaRi ycep^HuS h ucnoJiHHTejibHUĚ o<{)Hi;6pb. Ilpe- 
AaHHufi cy^y sa HenoBHHOBeme daROHHUMB pacnopHaceHÍJiirb HanaibciBa^ 

OHI AepaaJIlt CeÓA Cb AOCTOHHCTBOirb H HHCROJbRO HO CTapaJCH CMflr- 

HHTb CBOH) BHHy. „SI SESUTb, 'iTO HOABeprHycb BamcMy cyAy, — CRasaxE 
OHb, — HO a 3Hajrb xaRae, hto ^pH;^eTca npe;íCTaTb eme npe^t ApyrHin* 
cyAOM-b, 6ojiie BaaiHLiMTb, — npcATb cy^oMt BceBHmHJiro". FeHepaj'b 4>paTé 
o6i>HCHHjrb Ha cyA'£, ^to, no ero mhíhí©, nojKOBHHRTb A^-Cenb-PeMH ne 
HMÍ^JB HaM']^peHÍA jíjíJiSiTh HOJiHTHqecRyE) MaHH(|^ecTai],ÍH>; ero jh^hua 
pejiHriosHUH qyBCTBa 6ujin acecTORO 3aA'i^TU nojyqeHHUM'b npHRaaoirb, h 
owh npeji.noqe-Tb noBHHOBaTbca CBOOMy ^o^ry xpHcxiaHHHa, BnicTOToro, 
qToÓLi HcnoJHHTb ofiaaaHHocTb cej^aTa. MaáopT>, npHHaBmifi otb nero 
ROMaH^OBaHÍe nojROirb, secbna xporaxejibHo pascRasajii), RaR7» OH'b ci> 
yaacoM-b Bi ;^y^Ii ptmaica HcnojiHHTb npHKaai, yói^HBniHCb Kb ero 
saROHHOCTH H B'b ero noATBepjRAeHÍH BUcmeK) BoeHHOK) BjacTbH). Hojí" 
KOBHHRTb ;^e-CeH^-reMH roBopnjrb eny, qxo ohb cb paafinxHMt cepOTeirb 
jioMaexi CBOK) ninary; npeac;i,e ^iwb ^epe;^axb eny nojiROBoe anaiia, ohi 
3,ojro Cb BOJHeHÍeM^ npH«HMajrb ero Kb rpyAH. Ilocat axHxx cbhaí- 
xejibCRHXTb noRasaniá aauj.HXHHRTb npoHSHecb ropa^yro piqb, bx Roxopoft* 
BucxaBHJix fijiaropoAHua no6ya£;i.eHÍa oÓBHHaeMaro h npocHJrb o nojHOitb 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHKA. — HHOCTPAHHOE 0B03MH1E. 785 

ero onpaBjíaHiH. IIojiKOBBHKTb ^e CeHt-PeMH, no cjioBairB aamHTHHKa, 
He xorkrB onoaopHTB ce6fl yTOCiieirb bi> nocTHAHOMT> j5,1^i HareaHiíi 
cBATiixi, fiessan^HTHHncB seHii^HHTi, H owh sacjrysHBaen 3a axo ue ocy- 
aK^eniji, a noxBajH; eMy cjrfeíyeTb BOSBpaTHTb nojKi, KOTopufl „owh, 
(JuTB Moaerb, noBe^erB na BoŘny B03Me3;qa". OÓBHHHrejb noAnepatH- 
BajB (j)opMajBHHe ;^OBo;^H, Kacaromieca BoeHHoS ahcixhiijihhh, h ;i;oKa3H- 
BajTB, TTO noA^iHHeHie saKOHHmrB Tpe6oBaHiaicB rpa»;íaHCKoS BjracTH ne 
MOserB 3aKjiK)qaTb vb ceói HH^ero nosopnaro. SamiHTHHK^ cb cBoeft 
CTopoHH HacTaHBajTB Ha TOiTB, ^iTO ^Cpaib niTypMoirB aHJHma Mona- 
XHHL — ^^0 nocTHAHoe juisi apMÍH, H, saHHMaa ee TaKHirB jijbjíowb, npa- 
BHTeiBCTBo HOApHBaeTb jnHcuHDjHHy H HSBpamaeTB BejHKoe HasHaqenie 
BoeHHoft chjh". CjiOBa 3am.HTHHKa ďujih noKpuTu pyKonjecKaHiHMH, 
KOTopHH e;íBa y^ajoct ocxaHOBHTL npe;ícÍAaTejiío. BoeHHufl cyi^ e;i;HHO- 
rjacHO npHSHajiT* nojiKOBHHKa ro;íeHa Ae-Cen-B-PeMH HeBHHOBHtnrB wh 
HapymeniH AHdíHnjraHH oxHocHTejibHO renepajia ^paiě h bhhobhumtb 
TOJTBKO wb HeHcnojiHeHÍH TpefioBania npe^CKTa MopÓHrancKaro Aenapxa- 
MeHTa, 3a ^to DpHroBopHJ^ oÍBHHaeMaro ki apecxy Ha o;i;hhb ;i;eHL. 
ÍTeme npnroBopa BcxptqeHo 6h;io eAHHOjnyniHWHH pyKonjrecicaHiaMH 

BCbxi npHCyXCXBOBaBfflHXTb. 

Ob 4>opMajiBHOŘ cxopoHH opHroBopB BoeHHaro cy;ía bt> Hanxt npe^- 
CTEBJíaexca coBepmenno HenoHflXHUBTB. IIojikobhhki jíe-CeffB-PeMH ne 
TOJBRO ne noA^tHHHjrca pacnopAsemcD rpasc^ancEofi BjacxH, nepeii.aHHOMy 
eMy reHepajioiTB 4>paxé, ho ocxaBHJiTi óeax oxBixa jíbí xejerpaMMH ero 
H oxBtxHJTB oxKasoiTB Ha xpexBH) ^enemy, 3aKJi)^aBniyH) yae npaMoe 
npHKa3aHÍe renepajia. Uocjvíaeíř cairB no;i;xBepAHJi'B na cy^i, ^xo b-b 
OTOÍ xejerpaMMi owh a^jtb nojiKOBHHKy 4>opMajiBHHÍl npHKa3T», KOxopoMy 
TOTB, ojíHaKO, ne noBHHOBajca. OxBeprayBTb fiescnopnuň ^síkte nenoBH- 
HOBenia BoeHHOMy na^ajTBCXBy h npncyAHBx oÓBHHaeMaro ktb xaKOMy 
HHixoanoMy HaKasamH), KaKX apecx-B na OAHffB ;íeHB, 3a HencnojiHeHie 
Tpe6oBaHÍfl rpas;i;aHCBoň BJiacxH, BoeHHui cy;(i>, b^b cyni,HocxH, npHHHZB 
cxopoHy HOjrKOBBMKa jíe-CeH^-PeMH h KOcsenHO ocyjíHJix AÍ8cxBÍa npa- 
BHxeJiBCXBa. Hb^ bcíxtb o6cxoaxejiBCXB'B jsííjisl 6ujio acHO, TTO nocxynoiTB 
CeHib-PeHH He iswbjn> nuRaBoS HOJExu^ecBod noj^oa^iSH h BuxeRaj'B 
HCKJK^iHxejBHO H3^ no6y»AeHÍft JH^HoS pejHrio3Hoft coBÍcxH. 3xorB 
xapaRxepx nocxyuKa oxnacxH oó^acHaexx xo^rey 3pÍHÍH cy;^a h npH;i;aexi> 
ero npnroBopy ocoCennoe 3HaieHÍe. Dojikobhhkx ;i,e-CeffB-PeMH hh^íitb 
He npoaBHJTB cBoeft cojiH;iiapHOCxH cb KaKHMH-JiHÓo napxiaMH, Bpam;iie6- 
humh pecnyfijiHKi; oh-b jíiScxBOBaji-B npocxo, KaKTb BÍpyH)ni;ili KaxojiHK-B, 
HOcxaBjeHHuft Bi Heo6xo;íHMocxB Bu6opa Me»iy bocahuitb AOJiroMx. h 
npe;i;nHcaHÍaMH pejiHrÍH. BoeHHHe cy^BH, pasÓHpaBniie ero jh^jto, — Bt- 
poflXHo xaK»e ne j^jMsum o nojrnxHKi, KaKi a CeH-B-PeMH; ho ohh xoHce 
KaxojTHKH H Wb dnowb Ka^ccxB*, OHeBH;^Ho, pasAiJiHjH ero qyBcxBa h 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



786 BftCTHHBl EBPOnU. 

COMHÍHÍfl, HJIH npHSHaBaJIH liXT> BnOJIH^ ecrecTBeHHUMH. $OpMÍUn»HUA H 

({)aKTH^ecKÍJi ocHOBaHía, no KoropuBfb xpedoBaioa 6e3ycJOBHO oÓbhhh- 
xejiBHiJĚ npHroBopi>, 6ujm na droTB pasi yMunuieHHO ocTasjemj btb 
cToponi, ycTynHBt m4cto oiipaBj;aTejrLHUMi» cooópamemairb, p4ji;K0 opu- 

MŠHfleMUM^ Wb npaKTHR^ BOeHHUXl CyjífiVb. 

H'&rb COMH^HÍfl, ?T0 BOeHHLlfi CJK^ B^B HaHTt flBHJCJi JHIOb BUpa- 

3HTejieirB HacTpoema, rocnoACTByDmaro btb pn^axi (j)paHuy3CKaro o4)h- 
líepcTBa, npeHMymecTBeHHO Bucmaro. Btb npHroBopi no aíjij CeffB-PeMH 
MOKHO bhaítb acHoe AOKaaaTe^BCTBO xoro, tto npejíCTaBHrejH apiiiH 
OTHOcaica nenpiasHeHHO ktb noJiHTHKi, npHĎiraionteS Kb BoeHHO-nojra- 
i^eňcKHMi HacHJiiflHit npoTHBi yqpe»;i;eHÍfi h ópranoB^ EaTOJiH^ecKofi 
uepRBH. EcjiH saBOHHLie oxpaHHxejiH Boennoň ;i;HcuHnjHHLi o<}Nt)H£^ajLHO 
onpaB;(LiBaK)TB es napyniHTejeň, bhhobhuxi* rjiaBHuiTB oópasoirb nepej^B 
rpas^ancKOK) BJiacTbio, to sto caMo no ce6i cjiymKrt BecLMa ceptea- 
HUiTB cHMnroMOirB pasjía^a ve&jij npaBHxejrBCTBOirB h BJíÍHTejbHoi) ^acTBD 
o6n;ecTBennaro mh-j^hía. MunHCTepcTBO ne Hirkio, Eoneqno, HHRaRofi na- 
AOÓHOCTH CTaBHTB xopomHxi H ?ecTni>ix'B o4>HuepoBi Wb nojoaceme, npH 
KOTopoiTB Aa»e naccHBHue ncnojiHHTejiH noBifHy»TCfl „cx yaacoiTB b^ 
Ayrai**; ne óiuro Boo6ni;e ocHOBania npespamaTt saKOH-L o Konrpera- 
i^iaxi Wb opyAie nana^enia h A*ftcTBOBaTL nacTynaxejiBHO (tb xaKOD 
nocniniHOcxBH), KaBi 6y;íxo xpeÓOBajiocb bo tio 6h xo hh cxajo BU3BaxB 
noioóie 6opb6h h iio6íau. SKnxejiH cejiBCKHXTb oón^HHx* wb Epexann 
;^aBB0 H3B']&cxHU CBoeK) Ha6o»HocxBiD, u Mosno 6lijo 3apaHÍe npe;(BH- 
A^XB, Hxo EpyxBífl Mi^pu npoxHBXt MonamecxBa ne oóoftAyxca xairB 6e3i 
RpoBaBUXTi cxojKHOBenifi. ^yxoBHBiH niROJru, npH3HaBaeMUA HCAOSBOjen- 
HUMH, cyn^ecxBOBajTM MHoro AecaxHJitxift, h HHKaKÍe HHxepecH ne xpe- 
60BSJIE j/ix% HeMeiJieHnaro HacHJBCXBeHHaro 3aRpLixifl; orb npaBHxeJB- 
cxBa saBHctjfo nasnaqHXB jiBroxHLie cpoRH h oÓJierqnxB jHRBn^aiiÍK) 3a- 
RpLiBaeMiJxi 3aBej(eHÍJt, hjih ^axB hitb bo3mo»hocxb npHir6HHTBCA kb 
HOBHiiTb npaBHjam, — bmícxo xoro, ^xoíh npeAnpnnHMaxB 3RcneAHitíH, 
HanpaBJíeHHBiA RaR^ 6yji;xo npoxHBi pejHrio3HLix'B qyBcxs^ h npHBuqeiTB 
Hacejreniji. He xojibro wb apMÍH, ho h cpe^H ^HHOBHH^ecxBa 3a]d&qajocB 
pa3Apa»eHÍe, AOxoAHBmee ao HenpiaxHHxx roh(J)jihrxobi,; npaBHxeiBcxBO 
Birayasjueno Óujio cM^n^axB HeAOBOJiBHiix'B, h bi> RjepHEaJiBHiift jareps 
nonaiH Mnorie h3'b xixi, Roxopue nKRor^a ne cqnxajTH cp6jí KJiepHRa- 
jaMH. Do axoMy noBOJíy ^oJimen-B ďujtb, no cjryxaM^, bhSxh wb or- 
cxaBRy (j)paHiíy3CRÍfi noco^-B npn nexepóyprcROiTB ABopi, Ae-MoHxe6ejjo, 
xaRi» RaRi OHit, 6yAxo 6i>i, npoxecxoBajTB npoxHB^B nsmanifl MonaxHHB h3B 
niROJiH, naxoAamefica wb ero HirbniH. B'b ne^axn npoAOJiacaexca cxpacx- 
naa nojoMHRa Mex^y paiHRajiBHiiMH oÓjmqnxejHMH RjepHRajiff^iia h 3a- 
UJ^HXHHRaMH HeorpaHHqeHHofl CB060AL1 npeno^aBanin; H3B'bcxHuA pe^as- 
xopB „Revue des deux Mondes", npo4)eccopB íepAnnaHA^ BproHexBeprBt 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



j 



XPOHHKA. — HHOCTPAHHOB 0B03P*HIE. 787 

ropjarao orcraHBaerb jHÓepajbHHe npHHUHHH b^ raseTHHxi cxaTLaxi, 
xora SHaHurejiBHo oc-iaÓjaeTB cboe) apryMeHTaniro oDpaB^anieiTB yqeÓHO- 
BocnHTaTejibHoĚ AiaTejBHocTH ieayHTOB-B.lIpoTHBi BpiDHeTBepa onoj^H- 
JHC& nepeAOBue nporpeccHCTH; nojeMHRa, no oÓLiKHOBeHiH), BepTHTca 
OKOJO BonpocoBi, He isxbmniíAxi» npaMofl cbash cb npeAMeroMt cnopa, 
OropoHHHRH MHHHCTepcTBa KoM6a HeycTaHHO npoBOAflTB Ty apocTyi) h 
fiescnopnyi) mhcjb, tto saEOHi o KOHrperaiuax'B, najíJeaainiHirB oópaaoirB 
o6Hapoj(OBaHHuň, nojy^HjB ofiasaiejBRyio chjtv h AOjaeHTb 6bitb npH- 
Bejs,eE'h vh Hcnojraeme, h ^to hhkto ne HMieirB npasa npoTUBHXBca 
aroity sasony; ho ^"^0 HneHHO bi tomi, nio iipoTHBOA'^ňcTBÍe busu- 
BaeTCfl He TescToirB saBona, a cnocoóaMH ero TOJBOBaHia h npHMiíiHeHifl. 
KaxojraKH B03Mym.aK)TCJi h npoTecTyK>rb ne npoTHBi saEOHOjíaTeJbHtix^B 
HOcraHOBJíeHiň, a npoTHB'B cypoBBíx-B iiHHHCTepcEHXTb AespeTOB-B, Hapy- 
maiDHiiHxi 3aB0HHUji npaBa oóuBarejeň 6e3i j^ocTaxoHHurB kb Tony 
ocHOBamfl. PaayMterca caMo coóoro, hto wb zoEníb kohiíob'b noóiw 
ocTajacB sa npaBHTejiBCTBOirB; ho Hyano jih 6ujio sarfeBaxB BoAny npo- 
THBi ROHrperai^it bi xaKofl 4>opM* h BOSBHCHJica JIH aBTopHTeTB pec- 
nyÓJHBH nocjii (j^^K^H^^Karo TopaecxBa HaA'B mhhmhmh ea BparaMH, — 
Hajíib aTHiPB He saíyMHBaroTCH nyĎjnmHciu, BOcxBajaron^ie nenpeKJioHHyH) 
TBep^ocTB MHHHCxepcTBa KoMÓa. 

HejiB3fl 0TpHi;axB, hxo cxpannaa BHyxpeHHaa nojiHXHKa HHffbniHaro 
<t>paHiqr3CKaro npaBHxejiBCXBa BH3UBae9rB He^oyMiHie wb EBponi h hc 
Moxevb cnocoficxBOBaxB yopo^eniiD nojraxffiecKHXx cHMnaxiS Kh $paH- 
uíh bx xixi KOHcepBaxHBHWxx c(|)epax'B, koxophmh onpeA'fejraexca na- 
npaBjíenie MeaycyHapoAHOĚ ;íHnj[OMaTÍH. ípaHuysu Boofin^e 6e33a6oxHH 
Hacqexi* xoro, itaKoe BneHaxjiiflie npoH3BOAaxi hxtb jííbŘCTBm h pi^n^ 
rpaHHiieft; axo bhobb noKasaJH fffeKOxopHe H3t» mhhhctpobi, 3aroBopHB- 
mie nofeMy-TO BOHHCXBeHHUirb xoHOirb o BHfeniHHXi> jíjíjislxTí. FenepaJTL 
ÁHApě, npH oTKpLixiH naMHTHHKa Vb HecxB naBHiBX^B BOHHOBib 1870 ro^a 
vh BHJiB(j)paHni'fe, CKasaJFB, tto „cojmaxu 6yiyn;aro aBaxca McxHrejraMH 
3a nopaaeflie oxe^ecTBa h BOSBpaxaxi cxpant ea MaxepiajiBHoe Moryme- 
cTBo; OHH ;íoji»hh Bce npHHecTH Vh aepxBy poAHHt, ^aae cboh jra^niia 
j&bxAeBÍa^. MopcKOŘ mhhhcxpb, KaMHjjB IlejibTaHt, na óaHKex* 12 cen- 
Ta6pfl Bi» Aa^^o, npoHsnecrB cHHq'B, bi> ROXopoMi odiacHHjrB BasHoe 
crpaxerHHecKoe sna^enie KopcHRH, o6pan^eHHoft cbohitb bocxo^hhitb 
no6epeacBeirB „ki caMOMy cep^i^y HiajiiH". „Moano saMixHTB, — roBo- 
pHdTB OHI fl;aji4e, — Bospoa^enie BOHHCxBeHHocxH y HapoAOBi, noRiOHa©- 
HlBxca rpyóoá chjí. CpejíHseMHoe Mope — ne (j)paHiíy3CKoe o3epo, ho oho 
npeji^cxaBjaex^ ma $paH^iH cjHniROiTB ÓOJBmofi HHxepecB, ^to6u mosho 
6aA(y npeHe6peraxB- HM'b, h KopcHRa cjyaHTB rapaHxieio namefi 6e3onac- 
HOCTH. Heo6xoji^HMo nodxoMy BoopyaHXB aroxi ocxpoBi^; no (i)HHaHCOBU& 
RPH3HCB ne no3BOJiaeTi» cpasy hchojihhtb nporpaMMy npoAnojioaeHHLix^B 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



788 MCTHIIB^B EBPOIQI. 

BoeHHuxTi M%pi. Mh cA'^aeirB Bce, ^to bosvosho, jí^a oóesne^emfl 
HacToamaro h fíy^íymaro*'. Híckojbko ;i;HeĚ cnycTa, vb BmepA, Qexb- 
T2LWb yse OTpeKCA orB npHnH(5aHHi>ix'B eny cjioffB oTHocHrejBHO HTaiíH, 
cocjiaBniHCB na cboh BcerAamHÍA cHunaiÍH kb nTajn»flHCKOiry sapoxy, ho 
3aT0 ynoHHHy.rB o nopa»eHÍH ^paeipH „repMaHCKHMH BapsapasH** h o 
npe3p']^HÍH KB upaBy co cTopoHu Ahfjiíh; bi to se Bpena om> HasBEjn 
BnaepTy „HOBUirb KapeareHOJrt" h HaMeKeyjTB Ha BOJUKyro poJB (f^pan- 
nyscKaro Tynnca bt» fioptói sa npeo6jra;íaHÍe vb Cpe^HseMHOiTB Mop^ 
^Mi onaTb ssLA^kJTh HTajííio. TasEsrb oópasom, noj^ npe^gíoroirb onpas- 
;i;aHifl CB0HX'b HeocTopoaHHX'b cjiobi, CKasaHHHXTb Vb nepBoň ptm, Uexb- 

TaH'B BTOpHHHO 3aTpOHyJI'b HHOCTpaHHUA A^psaBU H 0T03BaJCfl BecBMa 

pÍ3E0 o repMaHÍH H Ahfjiíh. CjOBa ero o repMaHCBOH'& BapsapcTBi 
He tforjH cepbesHO ocrop6htb HaiqoHaiBHoe qyBCTBO Erí^m^eB^, ho no^ajH 
noBOAl^ Kb osHBjeHHuiTB TOJiRaiTB HiMeuRHX^ Tss&rb Ha Teiry o He- 
HcnpaBHMOM^ ocji^njieHiH h inoBHHH3ir6 4>paHay30Bi. 3aMtqaHÍe o 6pH- 
TaHCKOM^ HeyBa«eHÍH k-b npany nanijro cooTBÍTCTBeHHHĚ ottojocoki 
vb anrjiiAcKoS neqaxH, ROTopaa BocnojBSOBajracB cjiyqaeirB js^áe jiaobetoA 

XapaBTepHCTHRH 4>paHI^CRHX!B fiíkjTb H (f>paHKy3CRHX'B MHHHCrpOBl. $pa3H 
o Cpej^HSeMHOlTB Mopi HanOMHHaJIH HTaJIBHHIXairB CTapUfl 4>PaHI^3CKÍ4l 

npHTflsaHÍfl, HecoBMi^cTHMUA c^ coBpeHeHHinTB HeacAynapoj^HiiirB nojo- 
senieM-B ETajoH u cb hob^^ěiehmh npoABJeeiiiHH 4)paHR0-HTajiBflHCE0Ě 
Apy»6H. Ob KaROio itLibh) HaroBopHJTB Bce 3to DejiBTaHB — HeiroHaTHo; 
BÍ&pHÍe Bcero, hto oh^ npocTo yBJíeRca cbohbtb RpacHopiqieiTB h saóuxB 

o CBOOH^B 3BaHÍH MHHHCTpa, BOr^a npOHSHOCHJTB 3TH YAHBHTeJBHhlH p^^H. 

n^e )H;i;eHTB coB']&Ta mhhhctpob'b jifiJixiewb 6ujrb BMimaTBca bi» xiio ^ux 
trpéRpamenia nenpiaTHofi nojeHHRH, BUdBannoĚ pi^qaHH nejiBTana; Ha 
óaHROT^ BTi Maxá, 20 ceHTHÓpa, ofb sa^BHjrB Óee^ BCflEHX'B crbcHenit, 
qTO ne cjii;íyerB oópamaTB BEHMania na cjoBa, cRasanniM ríitb-juióo 

H3'B MHHHCTpOB^ HO BOUpOCaH^B OÓU^eft HOJIHTHEH, TaRl KaRIB HO dTHirB 

BonpocaMx hhrto ne ynojiHOMO^eHi* BUCRasuBaTBCJi ny6jrHqR0, Kpoirfi 
rJiaBLi RaÓHHeTa. 

OTRpoBeHHoe 3aaBjieHÍe KoMÓa bhojth* yAOBjerBopnjío HHOCTpaHHyD 
neqaTB, ho nocTaBHJO Bb cM']^niHoe nojroseHÍe TlejiBTaHa h pasoÓja^Kio 

BHyTpeHHDH) mETROCTB BCOrO MHHHCTepCTBa. ECJH OAHHl H3T> MHHHCTpOBl 

nyÓJTHqHO BHCRasHBaexB bsijihah, otb eotophxi npHxo;íHTca oTRpenui- 
BaxBca ero ROjjeraiTB, to 3to CBHJíÍTejiBCTByerB npesj^e Bcero oííb 
oTcyTCTBÍH ejHHHCTBa Bi cocTaB* DpaBHTejBCTBa; caMHe BsrjiaAH Tepaiyrb 
3HaqeHie 0(})(j)HuiajiBHHX'B, npaBHTejfBCTBeHHHxi, ho ocTaroTca bt» Bucmei 
cTeneHH xapaRTepHHMH ofipasqHRaMH H^eft h nonaTifl, rocnoACTByron^Hxi 
en^e bi> o6pa30BaHHOM'B (t)paHiiy3CR0M'B o6ni;ecTBt. IlejBTaHi—cTapuft h 
onuTHug uapjiaMeHTCRJA a^tojb, Bu;i;aK)n^iĚca opaxopi h sypnaJHCTB; 
OH'B nonaj-L b-b mhhhctph ne cjiyqaiÍHo, a wb ch^ CBoero bjií^hía h 



Digitized by V:iOOQIC 



XPOHHKA. — HHOCTPAHHOE 0B03MHIE. 789 

no;ioaeHÍa fb jm^y nepe^oBiixt pecnyfijHKaHiieBi; — tíitb ne Mentě 
OffB oÓHapyaHBaeTB nopaaHxejibHoe jerKOMucjie h coBepraeHHoe Heana- 
Hie nojcHTH^ecKHXi ycjoBÍň coBpeMeBHofi EBponu. ?t5 csasaTB o B3rjfl;i'b 
Ha HÍMueBi KaiTB Ha BapsapoBi? B-b 6ujioe BpeMa, Kor^a hímiíh enie 
BO MHoroiTB OTcxaBajH OTB (j)paHiíy30B'B H CTapajHCL noApaxaTb hmi, 

MOSHO ÓUJIO C^HTaTB OÓn^enpHHflTBnTB BO ^pani^ÍH BUCOKOMtpHOe OTHO- 

ineeie kl repnancRoft Ha^iH; ho vb HacTO^n^ee BpeHfl npeHe6pe»HTejrB^ 

HUft 0T3UBI O HtimaX'B, Vb yCTaXl <Í)paHi;y3a, H HPHTOITB MHHHCTpa, 

npoHSBOAHTB Bue^aTJÍHÍe ^ero-TO neB^poaraaro, tíitb 6ojiie Kor;ía 
8T0TB OTSUBTb ítiaoTca Bi nojHTH^iecKofi pt^H, npe;i;Ha3HaHeHH0Ě jíjra 
nnipoEaro pacDpocxpaneHifl. HejiBTaHTb npHSHae-PB ce6a npHHunniajiB- 
BBnrB npoTHBHHKOiTB boShii, h HO pa3x OH^B pasBBBajTB Hj^eR) Bceoón^aro 
MHpa; HO dra H^ea ysHBaeTca y Hero cb mucjbk) o HetfHHyeMOM'B booh- 
HOii'B TopaecTBt $pamiÍH HaA'B repMaHiero. Oh'b npe^Jiaraerb Boopy- 
zaTBCA npoTHBit HTajÍH, xoTJi no 3ApaB0My cMuc^y AO^sem 6wn> 6u 
CToaTB 3a TicHoe c6jH»eHÍe oh neio b^ BHj^ax'B 6oAÍe ycnímnoĚ 6opb6h 
ch wkiieufiímE BapBapaMH; ohx OTpnuaTejBHO othochtca e'b Ahejiíh, 
xora onaTB-xaKH bcakíIí ctopohhhkb „pesannia*' AOJraem* 6w.tb 6u 
crpeMHTBca vb nojwepatKi anrjiflcKOĚ jípymÓBi. DejBTaH-B HaxoAHTB KaKB 
<!yATO B03M0XHBni'B BoeBaxB oAHOBpeMOHHO CB TpeMa Be^HBHMH ;i^epsa- 
BaMH,— qero ne AyiiaerB, BipoaTHO, h JI,epyjiejrB. H no^odHaa cÓhb^ih- 
BUfl naxpioTHqecKia <{)aHxa3ÍH HSJíaraDxca pecHy6jrHKaHueMi>-paAHRajioirB, 
saHHMaDoiHirB nocxi MHHHCxpal K01161 o6'BacHflexi coj^epsaHÍe 3xhx'b 
pinefl xiiTB oócxoaxejBCXBOMTb, ^xo OHÍ npoH3Hocaxca „bx ocoóoft axMo- 
c4)ep* ÓaHKOxoB^"; ho xaKaa axMOC(J)epa pacnojraraexi k^ oxkpobch- 

HOCXH, H Vb dXOMl CHLICJlt MOUCHO 6UXB yB']&peHHI>I]rB, ^T0 IleJIBXaHli 

BBipasHJTB cBOH,HCKpeHHia nojHXHqecKÍa Mninia. Hxtb, pa3yM'feexca, ne 
pa3A^aexi (()paH[iy3CRÍft mhhhcxpb HHocxpaHHux'B jífkjrb ^ejiBRaccé, o6a- 
saHHuft 6uxB ÓJiaropasyMHLiMi h cjnepsRaHHUirB; ojí,esluo óoJiBniHHcxBo 
4>paHiiy30Bi pa3cyacAaexi» o BH']^mHeĚ uojij/ltekí^ bi j^yxi IlejíBxaHa. 

MeqxBi o Óy^yn^HXi BoenHux-B noót^ax-B nacxojiBKO nepenjrexaroxca 
Cb H;i;eaMH MHpoJiotíia bo ípanuin, qxo hhkxo yace ne npHAaexTb cepBe3- 
Haro B^ca BOHHCxBeHHUMT. B03rjracaM^, BupuBaK)iiiHMca MHona y 4>paH- 
ity3CKHX'B opaxopoBx H nyóJiHííHCxoBi. íaKXHqecKH <l)paHiiy3H ropas^o 
6o^Bme 03a6oqeHu coxpaneHieMTb Bnimnaro MHpa, qiBTB jípyrie napoAw, 
a CBOD HOxpeĎHOcxB Bi BOHHcxBeHHuxi npeAnpiaxiax'B ohh y^OBJíexBO- 

paDXl BHyxpeHHHMH CXOJIKHOBeHiaMH H EpH3HCaMH. Bl ROXOpUX^B HHROr^a 

He ĎHBaex^ neAOcxaxEa. Ha^axHft noxojni npoxHBi RjiepHEaJioBx oroh- 
^Hxca ne CRopo, h nejBsa ne CRasaxB, qxo ofb 3a;i;yMaH^ 6ujb npn 
MHHHCxepcxB* HecpaBHeHHO 6ojťke aBxopHxexnoM^, qtMi^ HJUHimHee. 
BajTBAeR^-Pyccó ej;BajiH npe^BHA-krB, ri RaRHMi nocjrtAcxBiaM^ npHBe- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



790 raCTHHRX EBPOHU. 

ABTb oAHOCTopoHHHA aHTHKjepHsajibHafl noJiHTHBa vb pyEaxi ero npeeii- 

HHKOBl. 

CjiaMHCKoe ejíHHeflie AaBHO yaite nepenuio y HacB fb oÓjrctb yrpa- 
"^eHHLixi HJijriD3Ífi, H O HBiTB B^Ba BcnoMHHJH HO noBOAj HCTeKinaro 
ABamaTHnHTHJt^Tifl co BpeHeHH pyccKO-Typeipcofi Boňnu. ^ersepTL bísíl 
TOMy Ha3aA'B Hama neqaTB BtpHja eme vb bto eAHHeme h yBJíesajiacb 
Hifb; TenepB o ópaTCTB*! cjaaaHx TpyAHO roBopHTB HHa^e, Bas^ vb HpoHH- 
qecKOMi tohí. HamH OTHomema ct Bojirapiei) CTajH Buojrai Apyae- 
CTBeHHUMH TOJUbRO wb uocskjíflie TOflji, EOF^a iipaBHTe.o KHasecTsa 
OKOH^axejbEO, noBHAHMOMy, ydi^AHJHCB B^b irpeHMyiE^ecTB'^ pyccEofi jí;pjx6u 
nepe;rb aBCTpificKOK). nojuiTH^ecsiů pasc^erb sacTasjAerb 6ojrap^ h 
cep6oBx noMepsHBaxb ÓJiHSKÍa cbjibh cb PoccieH), noMHMO BCJOcHrb 
TeopiA cjiaBflHCRaro e^HEenifl. BsaHHHaji posHb Mesj^y oT^ciJbHUHH cja- 

BAHCKRMH BapOAHOGTAlfH A^^Tb Ce6fl ?yBCTBOBaTb EOBCDAy Ha BajRaH- 

CKoiTb nojyocipoBiH Fb ABCTpo-BeHrpiH. CepĎH Bpas^yDTb <yb 60-1- 
rapaMH, h conepEH^ecTBo hxi BupasaercH bb caMuxi pa3Hoo6pa3Hurb 
<j[)opMax'b; BCABÍň ycnixi dojrapnb pascMaxpHBaeTCA Kasb ney^a^a ajm 
cepóOKb, H naoCopoTb. 06* napojiHocTH ne^yrb Mes^y C0601) rjyxyi) 
6opb6y wb MaKe^OBÍH, npE^eirb nepeB'&c'b ocTaexca o6fiiEHOBesHO na 
cxopos* 6ojibe asepniqecBHXB h HacxofiqEBUx^b 6o;irapi. To se caMoe 
MU BHAUHi H Wb ÁBCxpo-BeHrpÍH, TA* HexE He AOBipHiDxi nojuocairb, 
axopBaxu bok)H)xi cb cep6aHH. 

HoB£ifi E irpHxoiTb Kpaňne rpycxnuň npEHtpnb cjaBHHCBofi posHH 
npeACxaBjraiyrb neAaBHia coĎHxia B-b XopBaxiH. XopBaxu h cep6u npH- 
EaAJesaxi wb cyn^HOcxE vb OAHOMy h xony se cepócEOMy njeifeHH; 
Hx-b pa3A'&iAexi» xo^EO pejEiiA. MeacAy xopBaxaiíE-BaxojEKaifH h npaso- 
cjaBHunH cep6aME cyn^ecxByex^ nenpEMEpEMaa nenaBECXb, npE^HHU 
Roxopofi ne uoAAaDxcii xoHHOMy ODpeA^Jenii). XopBaxu BUA^i^JflDTb 
ceófl Bi oco6ufi HapoAb e Me^raDx^ o cBoeirb xopBaxcsoirb BopoJtes- 
cxbí, noA'b r^aBencxBOiTb ra6c6yproBib; aBcxpificRÍe cep6u EaA%K)xca na 
B03posAeHÍe Bejranaro cep6cBaro i^apcxBa, cb i^eHxpoiiB bx 6^rpaA& 

Bb nojiOBHHi aBrycxa opraob cepÓcBoft naidoEajibHoS napxin vb 3arpe6i, 
„Cp6o6paHi>^, Hanenaxaji-b cxaxbH), bb Boxopojt BUCBasaHO MEinie, ^xo 
xopBaxu ne cocTasjunorb oxA'i^Hofi HapoAHOcxE s npEHaAJesarb Kb 
AMcxBExejbHocxE BB cep6cKofi HaiÚE, y Boxopoň saEMcxBOBajra e nsurb. 
Cxaxba BosfiyAEja CHjbBiflraee BeroAOBaHie cpeAE xopBaxcEExi natpio- 
xoBi; HaBonHBmaaca sjrofia npoxHBi> cep6oBB Bupeajacb napyzy, h Ha 
yjEi^axx 3arpe6a pa3urpajiHCb secxoBÍa ci^beu; xojna 6pocHjacb paa- 
ÓEBaxb cep6cKÍe MarasEHU e BO(i>eftHUfl, ysETroauLia EMyn^ecxBo cep6oBB, 
HanaAaJia ea exb AOMa e SEJiHn^a, cpuBajia cepÓCBÍJi bubí^ckh h coBep- 
majia pasJíH^flua tíes^EHCXBa e nacEJiin Bb xe^enie xpexi AHefi; Boen- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHKA. — HHOCTPAHHOE 0B03P*HIE. 791 

Hse H nojHi^eňcKie orp^u osasajHCB ÓeacHJiBnuMH h b'b HÍ^ROTopHx:& 
nyHSTax'B aojishu 6ujib caMiť cnacaTbCfl óircTsoMi*; Bos^HrsuiHCb ^ase 
6appHKaw npoTHFb nojnmÍH, h tojbko Ha qeTBepTuS jifiBb npHÓuBniHifB 
BoécKaiTB yAOJiocb npeKpaxHTb fiesnopa^KH. Btopb čeanomaAHuS pas- 
rpoiťB ne HirkaT> rpaÓHxejiBCKaro xapaKxepa h HanpaBjeHi 6ujrb npo- 
THBX Bcix^B Booóine mícthuxi cep6oB'B, KaKi ĎoraTHxx, TaKl H Óijl,' 
Huxx; osecTO^eHÍe ne hmí^o Apyrnxx mothbobi, BpoMÍ Ha^íoHaJ^>HO- 
nojHTHHecKHXi. KoppecnoH^eHTu HiMemcHx-B raaerB yTsepaK^aroTB, hto 
xopBaTu ^c^ScTBOBajH TaBse no^i^ BJiiflHÍeiťB 3aBHCTH H KOHsyppeHiriH; 
cepÓH, KaKB jnofíi 6ojie npe;i;iipÍHM9HBHe h anepra^ecKie, ycniniHO 

BHXtCHaJH XOpBaXOBl Wb paSHHXTb OTpaCJIHXTb npOMUmJieHHOCTH H Top- 

roB^H, H OTJHqaJiucB cpaBHHTeJiBHOH) sasuTO^HocTBK), Tor^a KSLKb Mes;iy 
xopBaxaMH npeo6j!aAaK)TB 6ÍAHaKH. KaKi 6u to hh óblio, CTpeMjieHia 
H nopuBLi iTB rpa6esy ne HrpajíH xyrB 3aMÍTH0Ě pojTH; HMjniecTBo 
yHHqToaaJOCB hjih BHÓpacHBajiocB, a hc pacxHmaJiocB, — ecjiH ne chh- 
TaTB OTA^BHux'B CÁY^hewb, ycBOJiBdHyBinHX^B 0TB BHHMaHÍA RoppecnoH- 

ACRTOBl. JI^BHSeHÍeMl pyKOBO^HJIH ÓOJBmeK) ^aCTBH) HHTejJIIireHTHUe 

jDj^H, y6is;i;eHHue xopBaxcKie naTpioru, h vh axoiťB BaKJiiD^aexGfl canaH 
ne^aJBHas cxopona 3arpe6cBHX'B cofiuxiž. EcxecxBeHHoe Hai^ioeajBHoe 
^BCTBO, BHpo»AaacB B-B y3KÍfl Han^oHajniSM-B, npioópixaexx ^epxu, ne 
msiiom\a HH^ero oóniaro <7B jik)6obbk) Kh po^HOHy njeiieHH; jdCobb ei 
CBoeMy nepexoAHXí» bí 3Jo6Hyro HeHaBHcxB ktb qyasoMy, h xo, hx5 aojí»ho 
ÓHJio cjysHXB Kb B03BumeHÍK) H ycoBepmeHCXBOBaHÍK) HaiqoHajBfioň 

SH3HH, CXaHOBHXCJi HCXOHHHKOMl HpaBCXBOHHOS DOp^H, C03HaxeJBHarO 

6e3cefJí,e^ia. h xHmHH^iecxBa. ^ímb MeHBme napo^HOCTB h ^íitb comhh- 
xejiBHie ea npaBO Ha caMOcxoaxejiBHoe o6oco6jieflHoe cyn^ecxBOBanie, 
xiiTB jer^e 0Bja;i;:&BaK)x^ ev> hhcxhhkxbi Haii.ioHaj[BHofi nexepnHMocxH h 
naxpioxHHecRoň 34o6u. Xopfiaxu Haxo^flxca en;e noA'B BjacxBio Ma^Biip^ 
H orpaHHHHBaDxcH noRa Me^xaniaMH o xopBaxcROirB RopojeBCXBi^, a 

MeSAy XÍM'B yse B0H)K>XI Cb pOACXBeHHUMH Cep6aMH, CB ROXOpHMH 

npH3BaHU acHXB wb 6j[H3ROirB cocfkjí,cTBÍy ecjH ne b'b o6ui;eHÍH. 3xo o;i;Ha 
H3i MHoraxi HJJirocxpaiíifl npecjíOByxaro cJiaBAHCRaro eAHHema, o ro- 
xopoMit Rorj^a-xo xaRi mhofo h ycep^Ho pa3cy»Aa<3H cjraBHHo<{)Hjru. 



UpaBHxejiBCXBo ciBepo-aMepHRaHCRHxi* Coe;i;HHeHBHX'B IHxaTOBB na- 
HHHaexTb Bce ^ame npHHHMaxB pyROBo;iiflni.ee yqacxie b-b MeayíyHapo;^- 

HUX^B A^&X'B H B0np0CaX'B, RacaDH^HXCH He OAHOi ÁMepHRH HJH BOBCe 

He JixÍJomjixTi Kb Hefi np^Moro oxHomeHifl. IIpeaHj^eHx^ PysoBaiBxn^ 
;^aJ•B nepBHŘ xo-ihor'b kb npaRXHHecROMy npHMÍHeHÍK> BejHRaro npHH- 
líHna, ocBanxeHHaro ^^pacaBaMH na raarcRoft R0H(j)epeHitíH: offB jiiocxa- 
BHJTB nepBiiň npoaeccB HOBony MeatAynapoAHOMy cyAHjnmy, opraHH30- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



792 B^GTHHKl EBPOmi. 

BaHHOMy wb Faari bi, CHjry KOHBeHiíiH 29-ro irojia 1899 ro^a h Tmeroo 
oaHJ^aBI^eMy ao cHX'b nopi npaKraqecKaro jiíbjí&. 

EsponeftcRie ;i;HnjiOMaTU ne cRpuBajiH CBoero h6aob'&píh h He^oópo- 
atejaTejLCTBa kl HOBOMy yqpeajteHiro, caMoe cymecTBOBaflie KOToparo 
cJiKUíKOWh pt3K0 npoTHBopi^qHTB BCJ^iTL Tpa^^Hi^iAVB Mesj^yHapoj^Hoft no- 
jihthkh; ohh ne BospaaajH npoxHBi cyAefíno-TpeTeftcKoft opraHHsaniH 
B^B irpv[Eixiiu% HO cMOTpiLiH Ba Hee KaiTb Ha MepTBopos;i;eHHuA npoAyKTB 
BosBiiuneHHoS 4>i^-^&Hi'PonÍH. B'b AHnJioMaTH?ecBHX'b RaHi^ejflpiflxi hobh* 
fljiuoKj ycTaHOBHJCJi B3rjHA'B, qxo Hexcj^ynapo^^BiJĚ TpuóynajTB b'b raari^ 
ne nojyqHTB npaKTHqecKaro snaqeHÍa h yMpears ecTecTBeHHoro cMeprbD, 
aa otcyTCTBieMx TaKHXTb cnopHuxx jífbjcb, KOTopua 6ujm 6u nepe^anu 
eHy saHHTepecoBaHHLiHH ^epsaBaMH. Ukvh He;i;ocTaTKa wh CTapux'B, ne- 
pasp-lmeHHUxii e^e MexAyHapoiHuxi cnopaxi, BnojH']^ noAxoAflniMX'B si 
KOMneTeniíiH raarcKaro Tpnóyflajia; ho AHnjioiiaTia ne AaBajra eiiy pa- 
6oTU uojí,% BjriaHieiTb pyTHHti. IIpaBjía, 3totb TpHfiynajrb Hcno-iHajB yae 
paa^ (j)yHKiíÍH xpeTeflcKaro cy^a, ho tojibko do jH^HOMy noinny cy;^BH, 
BHÓpaHHaro CToponaMH eni.e btb 1898 ro;i;y h HM-feron^aro nocToannoe npe- 
6uBaHÍe Bi raari. 

^To6u noMepmaTB cHMnaTH^iHoe yipeajíeHie, oópeneHnoe AHHJiOMa- 
TaMH Ha fieanjoAie, opesH^eHrB PyseBejtrb nopyqHJTB CBoeny CTaicv 
ceKpeTapro no HHOcTpaHHUirB j;'hjiaM'b, Fero, npÍHCKaTb KaEOĚ-HHÓyAB cnop- 
hhS BonpocB H ycxpoHTb nepe^a^y ero na paapinieHie raarcKaro xpa- 
Cynajia. ^íjio BCKopt nanijiocB: sto — cnopx Meat^^y CJoeAHHeHHUMH HlTa- 
TaMH H MeKCHKOH) HO DOBO^y coBepffleHHaro H*KorAa MeKCHKaHCKmrb 
npaBMTejibCTBOM-L aaxBaxa jtyxoBHUxi HMymecTBTb btb KajiH(lK)pHÍH, ko- 
Topaa Bi> TO BpeMH ÓHJia eme noABJíacTHa MeKCHK*. MeECHKancKoe npa- 
BHTOJibCTBO oóaaajiocb ynjiaqHBaTb jtyxoBencTBy onpeA^feJieHHyiD exeroA- 
HyH) peHTy B3aM']^H'b OTOÓpannux!* i/i^ini% ho nepecTaJio njiaTHTb dra 
AeHbFH uocaí npHcoe;(HHeHÍa Raj[H<i)opHÍH Kb doe^HnennuirL HÍTaTairb. 
^yxoBencTBO oCpamaJiocb (tb cbohmh TpeóoBaniaMH kx oOíhm-b cropo- 
HaMTb, HO ne Morjo uojiyqHTb y^íOBJíCTBopenia hb bi MeKcmA, hh bi 
BamHurroHt, vb be}s,y B03HHKnjaro cnopa o Toifb, Kb KOTopoň hsi iBjrb 
ji^epacaBi nepemjio ynovanyToe ^^eneacHoe o6a3aTejibcTBO. IIo npe^iose- 
híh) BaniHHrTOHCBaro Ra6HHeTa, bi usA Tesyn^aro vojsfi, MescHKa corja* 
CHjacb nepejíaTb aíjio Me«AyHapo;i;HOMy cy^íy wb raarfe. Kas^aa uarb 
CTopoHi BLiópaja cy;i;bJiMH juByxi H3i» qHCJia hoctoíihhijxi qjienoBi Tpii- 
Cynajia, h 9th qexBepo jíOjraHH Óhjth coópaTbca bi Faart 1-ro cen- 
Ta6pa (hob. ct.) jí,jia H36paHÍa cynep^-apÓHTpa, KOTopoicy npHHaiue- 
KHTb pojíb npeAci;íaTe;ia. O^^HHirb H3'b cjjí^bř co cTopoHH CoeARHeH- 
HHxi miaTOBT, cocTOHTb npo(|)eccopi 9. 6. Maprencb. Hirb coMfffeHia, 
^To nonHHx npesHAeHTa PyseBejbia Haft;i;eTb noApaaaTejreS h hto espo- 



Digitizedby VjOOQIC [ 



XPOHHKA. — HHOCTPAHHOE 0B03P*HIE. 793 

neĚcKÍH AHUJioHaTH^ecKÍA KanuejHpiH nepecTaHyrb HrHopHpoBaxB TaKoe 
nojeanoe yqpeaweflie, krk^ nocToaHBuž MeaAynapoAHHfi cyA'B b-b Faari. 
Cisepo-aMepHKaucRoe npasHTejBCTBO o6HapysHBaerB fotobhoctb Birb- 
niHBaTBCfl H wb Tasifl A^a, ROTopuH OTHOcaxcA K% oÓJiacTH Bceniijo 
eBponeicBoň nojHTHSH. B^b uemsuii ceHTfl6pji oho hoj^hajo BonpocB o 
no^osenÍH eBpeeB'B bi PyMUHÍH, BUHya^aDiineirB MHoruxi hxi hhxi 
BucejiHTBca Bi ÁHepMKy. Bi» i^HpKyjuÉpHoň AHoioiiaTHiecRoň hotí k^b 
ni>eACTaBHTejiairB A^pasaBi, noADHcaBniHxi 6epjiHHCKÍft TpaKTarB 1878 
ro^a, CTaTci-ceKpeTapB Feft HanoMHHaerB, hto OAHOBpeMeHHO cb npn- 
SHaHieiTB He3aBHCHM0CTH PyMUHÍH Boaiosena Ha nee ofiasaHHocTB co6jid- 
AaTB npKHBjíwb paBHonpaBHOcTH SHTejeft 6e3i pasJíH^ia B']^poHCDOB'j^aHÍfl; 
HO PyMBiHÍH HapymHja stotb npHHOHn^B no OTHomeuiK) Kh ehpeawb, 
^jbrB npHHHHJierB ym[ep6'B ^pyrHirB cTpaHaM'B h npeat^e Bcero Cce^H- 
HeHHUirB [QTaTaiTB, rjííb pyMUHCRÍe enpen Hn^yrnb ce6t npiDra. Xora 
CoeAHHeHHue IIlTaTU ne y?acTBOBajH vb no;i;HHcaHÍH óepjHHCRaro Tpas- 
xaTa, oAHaKO BamHHrroHCEiž Kadnnen saHEiepecoBaHi vb ero Hcnoj[- 

HeHÍH OTHOCHTeJTBHO pyilUHCBHXl BBpeeBlb, H OOTOMy 06pamaeTCH ITB 

AepsaBaiTB cb iipocB6oE) oÓpaTHTB BHHMaHíe na 9toti» BonpocB h npH- 
HJiTB irbpu Kb Ha;(jresaii](eHy ero ypery.iHpoBaHÍK), Tro6u hojoshtb 
npejíí^jrb HCKyccTBeHuo BusuBaeMoĚ aMHrpai;ÍH eBpeeBi hsi PyMUHÍH. 
Coe^^HHeHHue IIlTaTU oxotho npHHHiraHyrB aoópobojbhhxii HHocTpaH- 
HUx^B nocejeHueBi, ho He sejiaH)rB ^asaTB y ce6H yÓ&SHHie TasHifB, 
soTopux'B HairfcpeEíHO sacxaBJíHiOTB noEn^aTB otohoctbo npn noMon^H 3a- 
soHOAaTejn»HHX'B crbcHeHÍň h npecji'bAOBaHÍfi. TyseMHue enpen b^ Py- 

MUHÍH np0H3B0JIBH0 OTHeceHH Kb KaTeropÍH HHOCTpaniíeBX, xora OHH 

HecoMH^HHO QpHHaAJiesaTi> Kb HHC^y HCROHHincB iri^CTHuxTi SHxejiefi;- 
HecnpaBe^JiHBbie saROHU jHmarox^ hx^b Aocxyna ro MHornirB oxpacjiAirB 
no^e3Haro xpy^a, wb xoitb ?HCJi'b h peMecjieHHaro h (t)a6pHqHaro, Bcjrkjir 
cTBie qero 8MHrpaiU« B-BAnepHRy aBjaexca pesyjBxaxoirB npHHyaAeaiH, 
a He Ao6po& bojh. BamHnrxoHCRÍfl Raónnex^ ccujaexcH h na moxhbbi 
qej0BÍR0JiK)6ÍH h nojHXHHecRoň MopajH, ho no3BOJHK)ui;ie oxhochxbca 
paBHOAymHo r^ nojoacemio eBpeeBi> vb PyMUHÍH. 

TaRi» RaR^ ejHHHCTBeHHinrB ({)opMajiBHBíMi» aoboaomi^ b'b nojfB3y bmí^- 
maxejiBCXBa bo BHyxpeHHÍn ^'feja PyMunÍH Moaexx cjyanxB óepjrHHCRÍň 
xpaKxarB, ne noAnHcannufi Coe;i;HHeHHUMH QIxaxaMH, xo AHQJiOMaxHqe- 
csifl marB c^Bepo-aMepuRaHCRaro npaBHxe^BCXBa ne hmí^'b 6u cepBes- 
Haro SHaqeHÍH, ecjiH6u 3a hhmi> ne nocj']^AOBajio o^HopoAHoe oópau^eme 
AHTJiin Kb AepsaBaMi>, cb npHMoio ccujiroe) Ha aMepHRaHCRyH) noxy. 
OqeBHAHO, CooAHHeHHue nixaxM 3apaHÍe 3apyqHJHCB wb drowb cjiyqai 
C0A'6ftcxBÍeMi jOHAOHCRaro Raónnexa, qxo npHAaexT> A^jy cobcími ;i;py- 
roĚ xapaRxep-B. Cy;íB6a pyMUHCRHx-B enpeesi, Roneqno, He H3M'feHHxcji 
no;^ BJÍaHÍeM'B HOBt&meň nepenHCKH Mea^y Ann^oMaxaMH, xtM^ 60^*1^6 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



794 BlbCTHHRl EBPOOH. 

^TO caMLiž Bonpoci e;^Ba jh saBHCHTB tojibbo otb npaBHrejEbCTBeHHun 
;^TejieĚ PyMUHÍH; noiuiTRa npesHj^eHTa PyseBejiLTa Hiriia nosa jDsmh 
TOOTB pesyjttTarB, hto pyMUHCKoe npaBHxejTBCTBo DpespaiiiJio Bnnany 
dMHrpaHTCEHxi* nacnopTOBi eBpenirB. 

BuTb HoaceTB, 6ojrke ÓJiaronpiATHue maHCU ycn'6xa hmíjio 6u wěHt 
maTejTBCTBO ci^Bepo-aMepHBaHCBO^ pecnyÓJHBH bi samHTy Typei^EHTB 
xpHCTÍaffb H oco6eHHo apMflHi, aaÓHTHx^ eBponeftcKo© AHiuiOMaTieiD;— 
TaBoe BMtmaTejBCTBo Óujio 6u bhojthí^ bobmoxho, ecjHÓu oho ochobh- 
BajocB Ha npeABapHrejBHOicB corjamemH c:b ÁHrjieH). BacTynniraecTBO 
airepHKaHi^eBi 3a ĎesnpaBHBixi noA2i;aHHux'B Typeipcaro cyjiraHa 6ilio 6u 
;^dcTBETejrBHo hobuitb ({)aBTO]fB Mex;(yHapoAHoft hojetheh h mofjo 6u 
Hifj^TB wb Bucmefi CTeneHH 6jraroTBopHUfl nocjitACTBiA, ecjra ne vh na- 
CToameiTB, TO Bi Óy^ymeMi. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



IHTBPATyPHOB 0B03raHIB 

1 OKTÍlŮpň 1002. 

— n. FoiOBaHOBi, ChÓhpb: Ilpopoxa. J[dxh. JKeseb. H^. K). H. EasaHOBoft. Mocebe. 1902. 

SaMÍTHO ycHjraBineeca b% nocjiij^ee spěna cTpeiLveHie kl H3yHeHÍio 
Hamero oĎnmpnaro ore^ecTBa Bumio 3a npeji(ij[u cpaeHHTejibHo ne- 
6ojshmovo Kpyra Hay^rao-oópasoBaHHUX^L jno^et h cTajo pasBHBaTBCJi b% 
csMux^B pa3Hoo6pa3HUX!B cjoaxi pyccRaro o<5ii(ecTBa. Esjí,sí.besl pyccEoe 
oón^ecTBO ynpeKajH wh toitb, tto oho cJHiiiKoirb Hajo ssaerB cboh) po- 
XHHy, H3X Hero saBjnoHHjra n o He^ocraTEt 3;i;paBaro naipioTEsna; ho ecjra 
BAyvaTBCfl FB ocHOBanie Toro, ttó nocTopoHHeiiy oasy MorJio nosasaTBOJi 

TaKHlTB HeAOCTaTKOMl, TO HeJIBSA HC npHSHaXB, HTO Blb CJOBaXl „JTK)60BB 

KB poAHH'&" Bpoercfl oco6eHHO no OTHomemK) k% nairB, pyccsHiTB, óojl- 
mafl Heonpej^eHHOcTb, ne pasi ^aBaBinaa noBoji:B Kh caMUirB pasHO- 
očpasHuiTB HeAopasyMimflMi. Ob jerEoi pysH KapansHna, jk)Cobb r^b 

pOAHHi Hepi^KO OTO»AeCTBJ[flJiaCB (yB ^yBCTBOlTB nOJ[HTH?eCKOň caHO- 
Ha;^HHOCTH, H HSB^THO, R!B RaSHirB ropBBHUTB paSOHapOBaHÍHlTB H 3a- 

ČjysAeHÚnrB npHBOWJO no^ofinoe ysKoe noHHManie, Kor^a oho nepeno- 
CHJiocB BT» c<})epy o6mecTBeHHHX'B, noJiHTHíecKHxx H Aaate nayHHo-Teope- 
THqecRHX'B nocTpoemň. 

JIdÓobb icb poAHHib úoJFÍe ^ÍM% RaKoe-JH6o Apyroe qyBCTBO ne mo- 
seTB AepacaTBCA tojbbo na oTBjreHeHHoiTB npeACTaBjeniH, Bo ;i,0JixHa 
onHpaTBCfl Ha npo^tHoe, vh H3B']^cTH0irB cMucjr]^ (()aBTH?ecRoe ocHOBanie. 

FjiaBHUA npHHX^HHlb es. CTaHOBHTCA ECeWb, eCJIH ;^UI IipHM']^pa B3flTB 

OAHH% H31 HeCojiBniHx^B Hapo^OBi, Tjijb 3Ta JiH)6oBB cjTyjKHTTB HarjiaOTHAn» 
ABHraTejeMi na^ioHajBHaro pa3BHTÍji, cBa3HBajiCB o;i;HHaBOBO bi* pui^ap- 
CBOŘ OTBarfe H HapoAHoS repoH^ecRoft ntcni. TaEOsa upocjaBJíeHHaa qep- 
HoropcRaa Ao6-iecTB, cb ^aBHiixi nopB ;íaBaBmafl co;i;epaaHie HaiíioHajTB- 
HincB ntcEaiPB h B036y»;íaBinaa cnpaBe;íJHBoe y;íHBjeHÍe. J[jia ^lepno- 
ropc^a 3HaTB CBoe oTeqecTBO, jío Maji4ňinHX'B no;ípo6HocTeS, co bcíitb 

KpyrOlTB HCTOpHHeCKHX'B ^aKTOB-B H npe^aHÍĚ, CBa3aHHHX'B CB cy^BÍaMH 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



796 MOTHHK'b BBPOefil. 

^epHoropÍH Bi> eň uíkjiowb h Kas^aro yroJKa bx otaí^bhocth, o^esb ee- 
xpyAHo: nepnoropeií^ noaerb JierKO oóoAth irbmROirB cbod „poahhj", 
ROTopaji ecTb H ero „OTe^ecTBo^; ero HCTopin HeMHorocJOSHa; Haceje- 
Híe o;i;HopoAHO no Asusy, B^pi, o6unsx> h t. jí,.; ero jd6obb kb ,po- 

AHH^**, HHCTHHRTHBHaS H HeCJOSíHaa, eCTeCTBOBHO COBAHEflOTCA CB HO- 

jTHTHHecKHirB naTpioTHSMOM^B. Ho jí^si cysA^HÍfl o Poccíh Tpe6yi)TCfl 
HHue MacniTafiu bi oTHomeHÍE h reorpa<|)HqecEaro npoT;iseHÍA, h lue- 
MOHEoro cocxaBa, h HcxopHHecRaro pasBHTÍa, ho h ona ne irpeACTaBjflerB 
HCRJTDHeHÚi H3i> o6ii^aro npaBHja: bx ned ocMucjeHHoe ^yBCTBO jdóbh 
Kb poAHH'6 Tpe6yeirB jnmih HeHSMipuMo 6ÓJBinaro h BcecropoHHflro Hsy- 
neHÍA. dxa mucjb, a^bho yRasanHan bi jrHTepaTyp]^, AOcraTono co3HaHa 
vh HacTOAmee BpeMJi, h 0TeqecTB0B'!kA'bHÍe roTOBHTca saHATB oaho hsi 
nepBUxi látcTb Bi Rpyri Heo6xoAHMux'B npeAMexoFt Hamero cpe^BJíro 
H Bucmaro o6pa30BaHÍa. 

OrpoMHoe pacnpocTpaHeme Hamero OTeqecxBa pijijLO ROMy AaexB 

B03M0XH0CXB JífiMe HOBepXHOCXHO 03HaR0MHXBCA Cb pa3HOo6pa3Hoi npH- 

poAofi cxpanu h (i>opMaMH 6uxa, ne roBopa yse o ea cjioshuxi bhj- 
xpeHHHxi ycxiOBÚixi, H3^ Roxopuxi* cRj[av]i;uBaexca coAiajiBHO-dROHOMH- 
HecRii cxpofl H xyxoBHoe coAepsaHíe shshh. 

iHxepaxypa, cb CBoefi cxopoHU, npnxoAHXx Ha ^OMo^^B, h ea Tpyjiu, 
nocBam,aeMi>ie oómj/iwb Bonpocairb nsy^enia Poccíh, r^t no^BO^HTCfl Hxoru 
ox^tjibHuifB ]ioHorpa(t)ia]rB h cnei^iajiBHUirB H3ucRaHÍaM'B, bi» nacToan^ee 
BpeMa HMtiDxi cyn^ecxBeHHoe 3HaqeHie. K^b xaRHirB xpy^aiťB, cee^Hnai)- 
H^HiTB HayHHocxB EpieMOB^B CB AOcxyHHocxBiD H3J[oaeHÍa, H noxoMy npcA- 
HasHa^eHH&UTB rib fflHpoROMy pacopocxpaneHÍK), oxhochxch RHHra r. Fojo- 
Ba^eBa. 

„npH COCXaBJieHÍH 3X0Ě RHHra, — roBopHXX aBxop-B, — ^a. hmíjih Vb 
BHj^y AaxB o6H^yK) KapiHHy npHpoAU h shshh Ch6hph na ocHOBaníH 

J^OCXOBtpHUXl H CB']^HX'B A&HHUXl. ^H dXOFO MU nOJB30BaJHCB COOXBÍT- 

cxByDH^HMH RHHTaMH H 6pomK)paMH, BUmeAHIHMH B% cbíxi 3a HocjiiAHee 
AecjiXHjtxie, cxaxBJíMu b'b o6mjix% h cnei4aiBHUx'B HS^amax^B, xbsxíl 
MorjiH AocxaxB, noAxo^an^MH cxaxBHMH h 3aM'!kxRaiiH vb ch6hpcrhxi 
ra3exaxi> sa uocjiijíflie xpn ro^a, yRasaniaMH cneiúajiHcxoKB|... Josnib, 
3aHHMaBmHxca na M'&cxax'B H3y^eHÍeMB pasJíH^Hiixi* cxopoHi npHpoAU h 

SH3HH CnÓHpH, H, HaROHei^^B, COĎCXBBHHBIMH Ha6j[IDAeHÍHMH H BHe^aTii- 

hí^mh. npH OHHcaHÍH npHpoAU, a xaRse h 6iiixa HHopoweBi, mu oóurho- 
BCHHO npHBOAHMii QOAJiHHHUH cjiOBa xoFo HJiH ApyroFO QyxemecxBeHHHxa, 
Roxopufl, EaRB oHeBHAeii.^, AaeTB npaBAHByro h apRyi) Rapinny Hsoóp^- 
aaeMoň M'bcxHOCTH HJH »H3HU HacejeHls^... 

DpHBeAeHHua cjoBa onpeAtjaioTi cocxaBB h xapaRxepB RHHra, pac- 
na^aion^eňca no cfioeny co^ep^aníio na xpn ^acxH: nepnaa nocBan^eHa 
onncaHÍio cHÓMpcKoň npnpoAU, ({)Jiopu h ((^aynu; Bxopaa saRjn^iaerB vb 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHBA.— JmTEPÁTyPHOE 0B03PBHIE. 797 

cetit cB^A^HÍfl O pa3Hoo6pa3Hux^ njreiieHax^B h Hapoj^axi, Hacai^iDiipacB 
Ch6hpb, h h» BsaEMHUJi OTHomeHiax^B; ipersa nocean^eHa HCTopíH 
3acejeHÍA Ch6hph, (tK)p]iairB 6uTa h aBOHOMHYecKHiTB jcjobíhitb nace- 
jiOHifl. ABTopi> Besjífb ofipan^aen BEraiaHÍe aa BsaHMHUJi OTHomeHia pyc- 
CRaro H HEopoA^ecBaro nacejieHia, npH^eiTB omi^aeTB Kas^b nojiosH* 
TejiBHUfl, TavB H orpui^aTeiBHUfl cTopoHu syjBTypHaro Boaj^cTBia 
pyceKHX'B. Bb nocil^eirB cjiyqat aeropy upmoj^HTca omi^aTB BecBMa 
rpycTHHfl ABJíeHiA. y nKfsovb, Hanprarbpi, noA'B pyccBHWB AiiameirB, 
pacnpocrpaHHJHCB bopobctbo h oÓnairB, ABHjacB Haj^oČHocTB vb pocirac- 
saxB H BeBcejax'B, pasBiuocB cyrasHiraecTBo, cxajia ocjíeL&bBSLTh BsaEMHaa 
noMoiUB H rocrenpiHMCTBo. He HSiriHaercH kb jiyqmeMy, ecjH bíphtb 
aBTopy, H AyxoRHaa, HpaBCTBeHHaa cTopoHa luprasi; hxi pyccsie co- 
eixH — KasaKH, :i^bHHBiie, HeB'bKecTBeHHue h sa^Hue, h nepecaieHim 
H3^ Poccie, na ROTopBfxi EMpraai cMorpnirB BaB^B na sparoB^ JHmaK)- 
mMxi> ero sjunxpb yroAií; Booóme, Báňáme pyccsHx^B na jiyxoBHoe 
iipocsin^eme HHopomeBi bbtopb ne CHHraerB SHaHHrejuHuifB h npoq- 
joath. 2Eh8hb vh Gh6hpm, aaiii&qaTejBHo ocjioanraBinaaai sa uoesbjífiee j^e- 
csTHJFkríe, noj^^B Bjdflmeirb TaBHX'B MoryiHXi <{>aBTopoBi, saKB nepecejietrae- 
esoe jífiWEieme h sejrbsHaa j^opora, CBas&xacB na xosattcTBeHHOMi ójiaro- 
cocTOflHÍH 6poAffqaro h seiaex&iBHecBaro HacejeHÚi yse sair&THuirB 
yna^QcoifB. IIepexoA'B eaTypajiBHaro xo3AňcTBa b^b A^HeacHoe, ycEjeHHoe 
H HepascHeTJKHBoe js,o6uB8Lme cupBa pacTHrejiBHaro h SHBOTHaro npoHC- 
xoa^eHifl npH hoctoheho B03pocTaK)iD;e]f% HaceiemH — Bce 9to cos^^aero 
TaEla jcjioBia, Boropiu MoryrB BpaftHe tatoctho orpasHTBCJi na TBop^e- 
CBoi iip0H3B0AHTaiBH0CTH cHÓHpcBaro HacejteHÚBí. EUHHCTBeHHmrB cpe^- 
CTBoiTB, npH noMoniH EOToparo asropi c?HTaeTi» bosmoshuitb jiflCTumh 
DOBumeHÚL 6jiarococTaflHÍA h cosHaTejBHoeTH vb OTHomemH dBcnjryaxaipH 
CHJTB npHpoAU, flBJífleT&a no^HATie ypoBHa o6pa30BaHm vb CTpaH^ h 
ynopfl^ioqeme o6ii^ecTBeHHofi shshh nyxeiTB otm^hh ccujbh, yjyqineHÍA 
cy^^eÓHoň h MeAHmracBoĚ qacTeň cepBesHUHH MtpaMH mn oxpaHH cb- 

BepHilX^B HHOpOWeFB H mHpOBHlTB paSBHTieiTB mBOJIBHarO A^A* „TOJBBO 

no^^Bem h yjiy^ineHie achshh Ch6iiph bo bc&x^b OTHomeHÍflX'B h co Bd^x'B 
CTopoHi, a He oAHOCTopoHHee ji(o6uBaHÍe h bhbo3!B na or^i^aieHHBie puHBH 
ea aKHB0THUx'B H pacTHTejBHUX'B óoraTCTBi, — TaB^B saBaHqHBaerB cbod 
BHHry r. FojoBaHeBi — Moryu ynpoHHTB ^jrarococToame 3toě cípaHH h 
c^C&saTB ee APftroirbHHoi cocraBHoň qacTBio Poccíh". 

Ri BHHrb npHJoseHU jffiib Bapna h mhofo ^TOTHnHqecBHXi^ Hajiio- 
cTpaiqft.— E. X 



Tom y.— Oktotpb, 1902. 61/u 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



798 BiMTTflHirL EBPonu. 



— Yue^ TMaHTbl.. noBicTL A. A. JyroBoro. (CnÓ. 1902). 

8to npoHSBeAeme r. Jlyrofioro, Ha Hanrb bsfjua^ aobo^ibho crpae- 
Hoe, HasBaHo noBicTBi), ho e^ea jih npaBHXbHo: hobícth, T.-e. pascsasa 
6iorpa(|>H?ecRHX'B co6uTÍfi HSBŠcTHaro THnH^ecBaro zapasTopa, s^ficb sirL, 
EJH o^eHB Ma^o. 3to CKopte mosho 6iuo 6u HasBaib ofiBHHHreAHion 
asTOiTB, HcxoAAH^HirB 0Tb „jMepniaro TajiaHra^ (wb nocAxBie ahh ero 
shshh) h sanHcaHHUiTb cfb ero cjobi Tpy^^aiiH r. JlyroBoro. 

UpOTHffb KOrO HiapaBJíeffB 06BHHHTej[bHUĚ aST^b? 

HaAo 6li o6paTHTbcji Kb (|>aBTaM'B, Roropue oC^bxchhjh 6u eairb 
JHUOCTB „TajaHTa^ h HCTOHHHKb eix) o6BHHeHÍň. Ho HHBaKHTb acmoTB 
(t>aRT0Bi MH HO HaxoAHiTB vb paacBast r. JlyroBoro. Asrop^b coo6mjBíeTb 
ToiBKo, Vb nepBuxi cTpoRarB: 

„CeroAHfl MU noxopoHHJiH ero, a en^e wb nponuyD cy66oTy si cjoi- 
maxb botb sxicb ero tojiocb, — cjaóufi, Ha^^trpecHynifi, ho asHBoft m sce 
eu^e no npesHeny ysjíeBaTejBHiiĚ h cTpacTHufl; a bha&tb nepe;rB co6ot 
ero jHxopaAO^o ropan^e h bk^tí cb tím'b ne^aiBHue rjrasa; a xy- 
MajTB o paspymasnieň ero opraHH3Mi> óoiíshh, ho uwb ne xortjocb 

BtpHTB,— Hfrrb, ÍL npOCTO OTrOHflJTB CBMJU) MUCXb H BOSMOSHOCTb CBOpdt 

cMepTH ero. 

9 A Offb npHXOJI(HJ'B npOCTHTBCfll^... 

KoF^^a aBTopB BepHyjcA cb noxopoffB, y nero neoTCTynno ssynajH 
Vb ymaxi k^^itb-to csasaHmifl yipoiTB cJOBa: „yifepB Tajanril* 

„YMepB TaianrB! Eaicaa Tam^Jisji oTBiTCTBennocTB vb cyiiqiocTH 
AOJSHa 6u na^aTB na Tbsi>, kto HH?ero ne cx^ajTB, htoóu iii>€ao- 
xpaHHTB dTO Hapoj^oe AOCTOflHíe orb npeaj^eBpeiieHHofi rHĎara*'. 

ÁBTOpi npoAOJsaeiTB: 

yH a cnpocHJi npexAO Bcero caMoro ceÓH, — hto cA^arB aju 
dToro a? 

„Hn^ero. 

„A owb eusfi HasBiBaxB MOHa camurB 6dH3BHiťB ony HejOBÍRoicBÍ 
Ovb cb dToro HaiajTB, Ror^a vb aroTB CBOň nocjriMgúft npHXo;rB so mhž 
daroBopHJTB o cBoem oAHHO^ecTBi^"... 

Ho aBTopi CA^a.TB Apyroe. Ohb saiiHcajrb nocjribxHDD (5ecÍA7 cb 
^TaianroiTB*', KOTopaa, BnpoqeMi, 6ujía tojíbko MOHOJoroiTB; aBTopB jhbib 
H3pijpca BCTaBJAJTB BaBOO-HHÓyAB saM^iame; h droTb MOHOJorB (Susb 

HM OHHO OÓBHHHTeJKBHUirB aSTOMi; 0H% HO^TH i;'&IHBOM'B SaHOJUHeTB BCD 

KHH»By r. JlyroBoro. OÓBHHeme nanpaBjíeHo npoTHRB ujbxoŘ coBpeiiee- 
Hofi jHrepaiypu, a oco6ji[hbo npoTHB'B ea npaRTH^ecKHX^B x^barejei, 
HSAaTejeň h acypnajHCTOBi. Ho mh^híd „TajaHTa*, ohh HMeHHo olSasaHU 
6ujii noMopsaTB ero, h ohh ne noMopsasH. OÓBHneHia — BaieropH- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHKA. — jraTBPÁTFPHOB OBOSnHIE. 799 

^ecKÚi H QryjiBHHUi; — caici pascBas^iarb HHorAa saKB Ójjiiro aro qyB- 
•CTBOBan, H ecjiH HBorAa jsí^jisufl BoapaseHLi, to onenb HepimsTejbEUji. 

npHBOAHm HJ^KOJELSO npHlri^pOBl. 

Bb canoiTB Hafali cBoeft (|>hjiíiiiiihbh, „TaiiwrB^ saMi^aerrE o CBoeirB 
^owHOHecTB^*: „7 ueua h%te ehrofo, Ch Kbrb 6u n fiujrb oco(56hho 
jtpyseHib... a aro TasB CBsepRO... xasib Tiisejo 6iiTb saHSHyruirb", h 
cor^a Bcrt;^ saTtol obi roBopHn: „a snaD 6ojAe kih ]feH'6e ďe^ 
BaHTB AumepamypfMú MÍph^ (bb soropoiTB ohb ne HamejTE hh q^hofo 
^ejOB&ca, soToparo yaoctohjl 6h cbomitb aob^píoitb), HeBOi[&Ho jrajflerca 

JOICJB o (OJrbSHeHHOJI Sej^HOCTH HJIH se o ÓOjriteHeSHOlTB CaMOMHÍHÍH 

^Tajanra^. 

^ň 3Hai) 6oj[fte HJH Menie Becb HanKB JurepaTypnult iiipB... h Bcer;i;a 
^n> rpycTbi) santqafB, sasi Majo kb hbitb HCspeHHOCTH. RaKQĚ-HH6y;(b 
— xoTfl 6u rpy(k)ft, uiiHHUofi, zora 6h boiujioě, ho tojbko nojHoft, 
-CMibjofi HCRpeHHocTHl Bc6 pascHHTaHO, pasxipeHo. B&b, Aase namH 
j^HHHKH, xojvrrb rycBKOiTB Apyxsa sa Apyssofi, no npoTOirraHHiiirB ao* 
possan... Bosjcyxi tto jth y»B xaicoft noxasjuDiiófi, soropuirb loi 
j^iimHirb''.^ 

KaKoft jyHCKpeHHOOTH* sejíajTB „T&iaHTB", ocraerca HeacHo h mcxb 
j^ubhMibhxi ero oÓBMeenifi: 

„Fa^ TyTB 6htb HCspeHHHirb, Bor^a aa^o npHenocoÓJUTBca Kb cpexb, 

Vb BOTOpoft SHBemBl HcspOHEOCTBl... RaKOft BSAOpBi... CBOJtbBO 6u HH 

roBopHiH o cBO<k)At TBopqecTBa, MU — pa6u caifurB hhttoshuxb o6ctoa- 
TejBCTBB... íl roBopD HO O i^eHsypi. ?T0 i^ensypal MajieHBBoe sbbho 
VB o6n^ei k^oh CKOBUBáDHVUTB naci ths&ihxb ycjoBÍň nncaTejEBCsaro 
xymecTBQBaHiH. Kaxjtuft hsb hbcb seboitb vl Ha^esAÍ, ^to arn ycjioBu 
flsirkurrcH ne ceroAHH — sanipa, ho Aase caMue y^aucHBiie hs^b nacB 
flHsorxa H6 BiidiÍ3ai)Ti> hstb óojiora komhpomhccobb, a bb cyn^HOCTH... 
„Ohb ne AoroBopoTB"... 

3aT6HB, BCDOMHHBB „UpopOSa", BOTOpSft H3B TOpO^OBB 6&KaJB HHI^ifi 
41 MlAJTb BB nyCTUHÍ, ^TaJiaRTB*^ BOSHerOAOBaJTB: 

„He Mory y6isaTB a bb nycTUHK)! 3a?%arB, nepej^B stuB h 6yAy 
fionÍHTB xaMi? Ebitb npopoROMB H Mory tojbko Mos^y jdabmh, jces^y 

T&MH HMOBHO JX>ABMH, KB ROTOpUMB npEHa^Jesy H CaMB HO CBOOMy HO- 

josenÍK), no CBoeMy ciuaAy yiia, no eBoeify TOMnepaMeHTy. Be3B pe- 
j^iriqS, 6eBB sypnajOBB, raserB, 6e3B HS^aiejieň, KHnronpoAaBi^eBB — st 
He Mory cym^ecTBOBaTB, to^ho TasB se, sasB ne nory c]rn(ecTBOBaTB 
^eafB BHHroneqaxHBixB CTaHROBB. A bu caMH snaere, mosho jh 6uTh 
:HcspeHHH]rB BB BTOt cpe^i?** 

ABTopB, r. JlyroBOĚ, noATeepAHJTB: 

r, — ]ífi,, 8T0 no MeHBmefi irbpt pHCROBanHo''. 

Haioóu „TaiaHTa* cxaHOBHTCA satfaBniniH: ohb Hn^exB „Hcupen- 

61* 



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800 VhfflBBKh EBPOmi. 

uocTH^ Gb pe^aKTopaMH, RHHTonpoAaBitaiiH, G% npe^CTaBHTeJIflMH „kehto- 
ne^aTHUx'B CTaeKOBi^, T.-e. THnorpa4»CKHXH (|>aBTopa]ni, Haóopmmcam, 
HaKJiav]i;qHKaMH, KoppeKTopaMu... TpetioBaHúi Ejsjrb cjraniBoirB jíjtLxeKO^— 
HO OBadUBaercfl, wro „TajiaHTb'' Bnepe^^B yse bhxrtb coeeioieHHyD ne- 
B08M0SH0CTB „HCBpeHHocTH^, HanpHirbpi, (TB pe^aBTopaMH. 

„EaBi» nory a 6mh HCxpeHEHirb, Bor^a a snai) (?), hto vb saxAiit 
j^eHB Bas^ro nicaiuBí, Ha xas^ofl yJHiií^, v^b noirbn^aeTCn KaRaA-HH<$yi;& 
pe^aKipa, tí^raDTB HSBÍbcTHue h BeHSBÍ^cTHue mhí 6paTBa-nHcaT6jra h 

BUHDXHBaVm^ BepXHHVB H HISHHH^ HyTBeiTB (I), Hd AaDTB JIH T^ir 

HHÓyAL TpHwaTB cp66peHHHR0KB 8a TO, HTotiu «oro-HH6yAB npeA&TB, H 
HO cJuxaTB JIH, Koro Ha^o npej^aTB h BOMy HMenno h bi RasoĚ 4>opMÍb^..' 
CaiPB r. jlyroBOŘ, Baserca, yBHA*JrB, too ero fl^yra XBatHXB ^epess 
Kpaft, H BospasHJTB: „Bu yse cjiHHiBOirB (5e30TpaAH0 cHOTpnre (!) Ha no* 
josenie Beni^eĚ" (co^ctbobho roBopn, t. JlyroBoft mofb 6u csasaTB: „bu 

rOBOpHTO BBAOpi*'), — H SaTtlTB HpHBOAHTB 06X4iCHeHÍ6 CBOOFO ípyiH: 

„ — npocTHTe, — npepBajTB ora MOHa: — 6aTb mosotb, vb xpyroe 
BpoMfl, H caM% 6u BospasajTB Ha to, ^to y mobh TenepB cpuBaereii 
CB H3UBa... HO H B^^B ÓojiBHofi, yMHpaDiiuň... H, Moacen 6utb, ohih- 
6aDCB. H b^ab tojitbbo nepe^ai) Bam moh sneqaTJii^Hifl... 6e8CBji3Hi>ui, 

OTpUBO«IHBIfl... HO dTO BCO TO, HTO rOAaMH HaSHH&fO Vh Xím% H HMeHHO 
BaiTB dTO AOJSHO 6UTB HOHflTHO. Mh& BaiSeTCH, ^TO Kil Bd^ qyBCTByeM^ 

xyxoTy aTMOCit^epu, BOTopan oBpysaerB naci, ho mu cbubjihcb cfb neár 
USA Aase 60HMCH BHTJHHyTB Ha BOjBHufi cbítb Hsi-HOAi* Hamoro bos- 
AyniHaro sojoROJia"... 

SaTÍiTB Apyi*B r. JyroBoro o6paTHJB pasroBopi na jqpyryK) TeMy: 
„ — CorjaeHTOcB caHH, Jienco jni pa6oTaTB nHcaTeiK), Borxa ohb co 

BCtx^B CTOpOHB TOJIBBO H CJIIiiniHT^ O TOiTB, ^TO MU nepeSHBaeM*B BpeMX 

yna^pca jnrrepaTypu! Ha^o hm^tb m^^ahuí Ao&b hojobhhhho 6e8CTUSíe 
rjasa (t), hto6i cnoBofiHo BUcjyHiHBaTB, Ba^B BaMi roBoparB npaMo vb 
jhuo, iTO Bu npHHa^JiesHTe Kb BupojquurB (?). A bto ycranoBH^B 
TaBÍe BsrjHAU na coBpeMOHHyH) JiHTopaTypy? Do BaBOMy npasy? Kto 
naniH i;'6HHTe^H h cy;^BH? Jl^a ^inrajiH jih ohh HaoB? 7m&ih jra ohh npo- 
^ecTB TO, OTO y naci Hanncano?*'... (??) 

ÁBTopB BaKB 6yAT0 xonerB cMarHHTB pasApasHTejiBHOCTB cBoero 
;q)yra, ho vb cymHocTH eme ero no^sajíopHBaeTi: 

„ — Bce aTo npaB^a (?), — saMÍTHjrB a, — ho bto vbsjb TacB fiusaio 
&o ecfb epemena (?). Bt^B ecn, noBOJribnia roBopniH o&b yaaAsi jraTepa- 
Typu Vb vLb BpeMa, a ona Bce mjia BDepe;rB h BnepeA'B. 9to, bípohtho, 
opraHH^ecBoe cboSctbo pocTa JHTopaTypu. TpyAHo csasaTB, kto co- 
3AaerB 9T0 nojoaeHie"... 

noojT^AHÍa cjoBa BU3BaJH utjui BspuBi osecToqoHHaro uero^oBania 
co CTopoHU Apyra. 



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IPOHHKA. — ^JOlTEPATyFHOl 0B08P«HIE. 801 

9 — Pe^aBiÚHl OrcyrcTBie vh peAaRTopaxi> wIk>6bh kb MTepaTypi,— 
BOTB ^iwb co3AaHO dTO nojio3K6Hie. y HainHX'B coBpeiieHHUx^b pexasuift 
H&rb Aftse iipocT(A jk)6bh kb hctohí, — ^y hhxi sce 8to saiiiHeflo rpo- 
moBUiťb caMOJD^ien, xiQecjmBleirb, noroHeá sa peBwiaMoft, xaacAoň óojtl- 
moro qHCJia no^drac^HBOffb''... 

fljBLxhe^ Ha ujbjme xecjnsH crpaHHi^ vfirb o6BHHeHÍe npoTHVb „pe- 

JUUUíjdí^j KOTOpUfl ORaSUBaDTCfl BHBOBHmiH B^ otcjtctbíh bcaboR JDÓBH 

JBB iKrepairypi, Bib rHycHoft dBCiuyaTaipH JHrepaTypnaro Tpy^a h vb 
rmÓejH TajiaHTOBi. 3a HeBosMoamocTBi) jBasaTB cnojíHa ofiBHHHrejaHue 

liyHKTU, npHBOJILHirb HÍCSOJIBTO OrpBIBBOFB. 

, — yBpeiLBt yna^pcal" ÁHHKOMy h b^ rojH>By He npHX0AHi*B nojcyiiaTB 

o TOt flOHBt, O TOITB B4HMaTÍ, BaSOfi COBJ^aJH pe;i;aKiaH (O JÍAÍl npoHd- 

pacTamfl jETepaTypaurs npoH3BeA6HÍ& Bíab arH npoHSBeAemji ne po- 
jmroí H He pocryrB fb BOBxyxi, — hitb HysHa noHBa, vb soiopyi) ohh 
norjH 6h yrjyĎHTB cboh kophh, a SHorAa TpeĎyercA h yxoA^B sa hhmh. 
y HacTB, 6jaroj(apfl ycjoBÚDTB i^eesypu, peAaB^iH OBpysHJiH caMH ceós. (?) 
opeojoiťB MyqeHHqecTBa. Ho hhbto usi rocnoji'B pe^anropoBi ao chtb 
nopTB He Aoraj^ajiCA conoeTaBHTB totb ysacHuĚ photb (?), soTopiiiň Jie- 
sHTb na JHTepaTypi bb beaí i^eHsypu pe^aRi^ioBHofi, He Hutnii^efi hh- 
«iero o6ii(aro fb cbohxi ocHOBankrB cb j^ensypoň npaBHTejBCTBe^Hot. 

„Ohi cxBaTHJíCfl o6'&hmh pysaMH sa rojoBy, to^ho bb npnnaAKt 
roJOBHoĚ 6ojH, H no^TH-iTO npocTOHajiB (!): 

9 — O, dra ueHsypa JiHqHuxB cmoiaTift h aHrnnaTÍA rocno^iB pe* 
jtaRTopoBB H HSAaTejieĚI" 

EMy npHxoAHja ^ase mucjib, hto xopomo 6u cocTaBHTB sHHry o 

«6e806pa3HUX'B, 6e3I][ÍJBHUX'B, óeSCMUCJeHHUXB npHT]^HeHkX'B", KaBÍA 

iieDLiTUBaDTB „TajfaHTU** 0TB pexaRTopoBB H Hs^Tejieň". 

r. JlyroBOĚ „yjHĎHyjca" n aaMixHJTB: 

„ — Jífi,^ Bu npaBu: ecjHtÍB naiiHcaTB Tanyx) KHsry, KaprHHa nojiy- 
«iHjacB 6u cHJEBHaH H flpicaa*'. 

j^aiBme, noBaa TeMa: 

„ — IIpeACTaBBTe ce&b noJioseHÍe MOJOAoro Ha^HnaDn^aro nncaTejui, 
HAyni^aro fb namn peAasuÍH, rxk octb oaho sejanie — aaiB ne d^Bme. 
Jífi, CBasHTe uwb: vxb peAaKi9Ji, cA^^aBrnaa xotb RaBož-HHÓyAB hocIbb? 

Pa3UCKHBaDirB (?) OHŠ T&saHTU? nepecaSHBaK)TB (?) HXB BB 60Jthe HJIO- 

j^opoAHyx) noiBy? yKpusaDTB hxb otb nenoroAuV noABepraH)TB oh6 ce6ji 
pncKy neypoataa? pHCKy rnCeJH saipa^ennaro Tpy^a? PHCKy o^ManyruxB 
HaAeaM7>? Hítb, bcí bth phcrh opeAoCTaBJuiDTCA oahhmb TaianTaiTB, 
pacTyuunrB Ha bojk) Boadx), a peAaiuÚH... pe^aKiÚH chaatb HenoABHsno, 
sasB TypsH (!), noA^aFB hofh Ba^raqHKOMx, h, noKypHBax xajiBflHi cano- 
jlOBOJEBCTBa, noASHAaDTB, ne npHAeirB jh rto HoeeHBKift, He npHHecerB jol 
qero xopomeHBKaro"... 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



802 BAOTHHKb SBPOmi. 

r. JlyroBOĚ cnpocHJii Apyra, ^ero se owb co6ctb6Hho xoqeirB on^ 
pe^aKitífl? 

„OffB cABHHyjTB 6poBH, uocMOTpkrb Ha Hena h cyxo npoH3HecB: 
„ — H, coficTBeHHO, HOTero ne xot^^... A tojk»ko AJMai), oto Moser^ 
6uTh 6hiJio 6h jynnie, ecjH6ii owb ne saHHMaiH vb JiHrepaTypi h^io* 
Ao6aK)ii^aro mrh irbcTa, ne asjísuiECh 6u caxosBaHHUMH (?) BAOXHOBHre- 
jflMH (?) iiHcaTejeft h pyKOBOAHTejEflHH UHcaTejiefi. R Ayusjo, ?to 6HJia 
6ii jyqme, ecjii6'B uHcaTejiH BHcryoajiH cb cbohmh npoHSBe^^emjDíHr 
KaK'B BUCTynaDTB xjj^oshhkh Ha BHCTaBBax^B — Ha apTejBHHxrb Hana- 
jaxi*. A TasB... ?ero mh% xot&iocb 6u otl hhx'bI.. H HH^ero ne xo^..^ 
a yvHpaD... a xo^j tojbbo pyraTBCJi. ň ovJOAUBBLDCh Ha npcĚj^eHnui 

nyTL H MOfi, H MOHX'B T0BapHia6Ě, H MHÍ AY^aeTCA: CBOJBRO HCTHHHUX^ 

H fiojTBmHX^B Taj[aQTOB'B vinÓE&rb vh caMom sapoABinri^ otb ;i;EixaHÍa 
caMyna bi nycTuni HamHx^ peMRipft. IIocToňTe, a BHsy, bu xoTvre 
BOspasHTB MHÍ HSÓHTofi (t>pa3oň: „HCTHHHiift TajaHTb HHBor;i;a ne nonf- 
6aeT%, HCTHHHUĚ TajaHrB Bcerj^a npo6&erB ceůb Aopory h AOCTHrneTB^ 
CBoero pasuBiTa". KaKofi BS^opBl — npocTHre Hena. Jía, ecTb MHoro npH- 
HŠpoBi, HTO fioJTBnrie TajíaHTBi npoÓHBajiHCB, necMOTpa na ney^a^H. A 
STO cmsT8Ljn> H oir&HHJTB i^xiy BOTopue He npofiHJíHCL H noraÓJiH? 
JI,0J!SH0 6htb, jmmnie 6ujsii**... 

Jl^ajibíHe onaTB H^eTB A^HHHoe o6BHHeHÍe „pe^^a^uiň**: ohí coBep- 
meHHO paBHOAymHu vb HHTepecairB jnrrepaTypEi, roHHTca tojtbro sa na* 
XHBoit, BKcnjyaTHpy KTb h yrHeraDTB „xaJiaHTH" h t. jí,. VejsjasuJM 

OÓBHHflDTCa B'B TOMl, ^TO He 3a60TaTCH O pa3UCRaHÍH TaJiaHTOB^, He 

nojuepsHBanxi uxi* „aBaHcaMH**; mhmoxoaoitb o6BHHaeTca jrarepaTyp- 
Hufl (t)OHA'B, Bu^aDn^iA cjiHiHKOirb Majuia nocotfia. Domhíhík) ^TajiaHTa''^ 
pe^aRiýH HMeHHo ofiasanu BU^^aTB „aBancH^, h ji;a»e ne noHHMaDT^ 
co6cTBeBHaro HHxepeca vb nouepaRRt TajaHTOBi aBancaMH. ^ajiBme, 
„TajanrB** pacnpocTpaHaen dTy oiSasaHHocTB pe^aRipS na i^oe o6me- 
CTBO, Astace rocy^apcTBo: „xajiaHTU^ aojskhu 6uTh j^oporn jím i^bJíoft 
Ha^iH, H ecjH Tenepb cxpoara „Hapo^HÉie AOMa", to „nopa noHaTb, 
^TO HysHU ABopAU (!), Vb ROTopue RasAufi nHcaTejTB, ;i;ocToflHufi sToro 

HMCHH, MOrb 6h BXOAHTb RHRl Bí COfiCTBeHHUft AOBTb*,— H T. Jí,. 

He óy^eirb ocTanaBJíHBaTbca na Toirb, cymecTBouajTb jih wb a^í* 
CTBHTejTbHOCTH dTOTb yMepmm TajaHTb (B'b coBpeMeHHofi jíHTepaTyp^ 
Rpynnuxi* TBJraHTOBi TaRi neMHoro, ^to hxi mosho cocHHraTb no najib- 
j^aifby—a o6'b TaR0M'b „TajaHT^^, RaRoro H3o6paauterb r. JyroBoft, mr 
no RpafiHefl Mipi ne cjHxajra), hjih sto — (t)HRiíia, ofíoómeHie h3b4ct- 
Haro Bdoa^a, HacTpoenia, cyn^ecTByDuiiHxi vb jrETepaTypnoirB Hípb, k 
ROTopue aBTopb xoT&Tb H3o6pa3HTb. TaR^b HJIH HHa^e, aBTopb ne ocrajica 
o6i>eRTHBHU]n>, 6e3y^CTHUirb pascRas^HROirb; nanpoTHBi, owb BH;nf¥0 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHRÁ. — MTEPAiyPHOE 0508P«HI£. 805 

co^iyBCTByerb ne toibbo JiiiQy, ho h ero pt^am, KOTopuMH h nanoj- 
BMJTb q&iyK) BHHry. 

Hjb npHBeXBHHHXl 06pa3^HB0B% MHTETeJB MOrB BHA'ÍTb, 4T0 3TB 

pi^H Hep^ABO HpesBU^aftHO CTpaHHii. IIpaBxa, aBTop^b HHorAa npepu- 
Baers vrb BOspaseHÚnra, ho str Bospaseniji TaR^B Hecyn^ecTsenHU, tto 
TOJLBO ^00I^pHI)Tl opaTOpa: „Ta^anrii** ne oópamaers na hhx-b bhh- 
ManÍH, H necerb CBoe... Bospasenk MorJH 6u 6utb cepBe3HÍe: 6iitb 
Mosen, OHÍ^ Morjra 6u vh TaBoirB cjiy^a'^ AocxaBHTB „TajiaBTy** h3BÍct- 
Hoe HpaBCTBOHHoe yAOBJíeTBopeHie h ycnoBoniH 6u ero; hjh, ecjra „Ta- 
jiaHiTB'' ecTB <|^HK^iH H ojrai(eTBop6HÍ6, SApaBUfl Bospasenifl MorjH 6u, 
FB HHCTO TeopeTHHecKOirB oTHomemH, nočyxflTB Kb 6ojie cepBe^Hoiry 
noHHMamD jsíbJíSi, T.-e. caiaix'B cyn^ecTBeHHurB HHrepecoBi jiHiepaTypu. 
Ecjffl „TajiaHTB** xoT&TB TOJBBO ^pyraTBoa", to pascysc^eHia ci hhitb 
6e8nojie8HB(. Gam r. JlyroBoi, B'&pojenrHO, AOCTaTO^HO noHHMaerB yno- 
lUHynie HHTepecH JHTepaTypu, h mosho 6li 6ujio AyMaTB, hto bo mho- 
rHX'B cjiy^aflTB mopb 6ii h ycnoKOHTB CBoero JCpyra, h ne bboahtb b^ 
dH6sj3iMfimíL cBoero UTatejui. 

HanputpB, MU ynoiUHyjH Bume, hto cobc^itb ho noHHMaeiTB, 
RasoĚ „HCspeHHocTH*' AO^HBajcfl „TaiaHrB". Ecjra npocTofi, acHTeňcRoS, 
jq)yzecRofi HCKpeHHOCTH, to aro — jsíkjio ^hcto JH^raoe, nacrnoe, wb 
ÓojBmoĚ wbpb jííkiio co6cTB6HHaro xapaKTOpa. Ecjh se pi^B H^erB 
o<SrB HCBpeHHOCTH jTHTepaTypHaro h o6n^ecTBeHHaro j&bm,eEÍ]í h xkŘ- 
CTBÚi, TO „TaiaHrB** Bssexb na „BecB jraTepaTypmiŘ Hip%", Óy^TO 6u 
eiiy HBBtcTHuft, BecBifa HecRJiaAHoe o6BHHeHie, h bhahmo dToro Mipa 
Aase HO 8Haji'B. F. JlyroBoĚ 6e8% comh'6híjí snaerB dTOTB MÍp^B Jiy^me, 
H MorB 6h CKasaTB CBoeiiy necHacTHoiiy Apyry, tto a^Jo ne TaKi Cea- 
Ha^eatHo, hto bi> JHTepaTypt Kb CHacrii) Bcer^a ÓHBajra jk)ah HCKpeHHie, 
npoAaHHue bhcokhitb sa^anaiTB jíHTepaTypu, MysecTBeuHo san^HmaBHiie 
ea AOCTOHHCTBO, HaKOHen;^ jhhho AOCTofiHue h npaBAHBiie. ?to6h ne 
roBopHTB o coBpeMeHHHBax'B, r. JlyroBoň mohb 6h b:b ne^asHeMi npo- 
nuioiTB HasBaTB HMeHa IlBana ÁKcaKOBa, JIjocToeBCRaro, CajmiKOBa^ 
Bj. C. CojioBBeBa; b'b 6ojrbe AasneirB npoDUioirB mopb 6u nasBaTB Ha- 
CToamaro repofl jh^hoA h jrarepaTypnoS HCKpeHHocTH b-b B-krancKOiCB; 
MOPB 6u HaaBaTB Jío6pojiH)6oBa h MHoraxi Apyrnxx... 

JÍ^BLjrbe, r. JlyroBOŘ mofb 6a oÓiacHHTB cBoeMy Apyry, ito cjoBa ero 
o i^eH3yp:&, KaicB „MajienBEOMi SBent^, coBcbwb ^lerBOMucjeHHu. CaM'B 

„TajraHTB** mopb ho BCTpfeTHTB BJífkCh HHKaBHXl* HCy^OÓCTBl J^S. CBOHX'B 

TBopenifi; ho j^jik níkioŘ jrHTepaTypH, ajíh BaaHiflmHxi BonpocoBx na- 

y^HHXl H ofimeCTBeHHUXl 9T0 „3BeH0" HpeSBHiaiHO BaSHO. Ob HHMl 

npesA6 Bcero CB^sanB caMsfi o6ieMi> npe^MeTOBi, AonycRaeMiucB hjh 
HeAonycKaeMuxi AJa JiHTepaTypu, T.-e. ajh oÓmecTBennoŘ h Ha^ioHaJB- 
Hoft MUCJH, WH npaKTHHecKaro napoAnaro HHTepeca. „Sboho" ctojb cy- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



804 BMTHHIKB £BPOnU. 

luecTBeHHO BasHo, ?T0 noHTH noxBŽKa TOMy Ba8aA'b, b'b duoij „bcjdi- 
KHxi pe<tK)p]n>", caMa ejiacTB coHJta HyacHUM^b oÓpaTHTB BUHxaHie na 
dToiTb Dpewen H npeAnojosHJia wbpu aah ciásm&Bisi i^eBsypa, T.-e. 
jg;^ H3B^THaro 0CB0(k)SAeHÍii jiHTepaTypu; Mipu ne 6hUM iipoBe;^eHU 
AO ROHi^t, HO o^HOBpeMeHHo Cb dTHiťB, iioji,T> sjúiEíeiTb o6nífiLTo HacTpoe- 
HÍ£ o6pa80BaBHMinHZ'B jiDAefi i^essypa, npaBTH^ecKH, CTajra Mentě xpe- 
ÓOBaTejiíBHa h npHT£cHHTejn»Ha, cxajia óoxbe BHHMaTejBHa kb noTpeÓHO- 
cTJDfb jrarepaTypu h npecB^meHÚi, — h fijiaroAapa droMy Hama jHrepa- 
Typa c% mecTHAecATHxi rojífivb ofioraTHjacb MHOsecTBoirb HayqHHXB 
coHHHeníĚ (xoTA 6u wh (oJUDHHCTBt nepeso^Hiai*), Hs^anie BOTopiixb 
6hiJío 6u pan^ coaepineHHo neBOSiioaKHo: oqeeHAHO, dmwb ORasana 6iua 
BejrHBaji ycjiyra HameMy „npecBtn^emio". 

„TajiaHrB** aroro ne noHHMajrs, h cHHTa.rB Bonpoci coBciirb nesas- 

HUITB — Cl> TO^BH SpŠBÍB TOJTLKO CBOHXl CTHniEOBl> HJIH HOB^CTynieKb. 

Jíajiie, r. JyroBOŘ mopb 6u oÓTbacHHTB CBoeMy Apyry, too tojikh o6rh 
„ynaw^ .iHTepaTypu^ co3AaHU BOBce ne pe;i;aKnjuuiH. ,A sto ycTBHOBHjnb 
Taide Bsrjijij^u na jiHTepaiypy? IIo RaKOvy npaBy? Kto naniH i^HHTejH 
H cyjíBH?* — AonpaniHBaerB „TajaHTb". ^a ycraHOBoiH ectbj norony hto 
BctifB BHAHO, qTO coBpeMeHHafl jHTepaiypa HHBaBHirB o6pa30M'b ne no* 

SeTB paBHBTLCA CB TÍWb BH paSUB^TOirb, BOr^a Bl OAHO BpeMfl.aBHJHCL 

vb Haň TaBÍH Moryn^ecTBeHHUfl AapoBaHk, BaKi> Typrenesi, roHqapoBi», 
Ga^TUKOBi, jl|ocToeBCKÍfi, OcTpoBCBiň, RWL^ s^paBCTByioiujň rp. JI. H. Toji- 
CTOĚ: jBíjsoíe npn MajoirB JiHTepaTypnoirB cmucjiš npHOLiocB 6u wny- 
CTHTB, ^To coBpeueHHaH JHTepaTypa (soropoů bcí, Kone^HO, sejiaDT!E 
BCHBaro 6jiaronQjiyHÍJi h ycnixa), ne MOserB paBHflTBCx cb dTofi 6oraTO& 
HCTopHqecKoft njieaAoS. „Ho KaKOMy. npaey^ cyABn o(řB ynajpci jhtc- 
paiypu?— cM^mHoň BonpocB: — no npasy Kas^aro ^HTarejui cocraBjíflTB 
CBoe MHÍHie o npoH3BeAeHÍHx% jHTepaTypu, a 8aRjrK>^eHÍfl 06^ „yna^Ki^ 
buboApAtca npocTo hsi topo, mto Ha aroiTB coana^aerB Macca ot^íjb- 
HJbix'B Bne^aTJiiHiS. 

npnroBopH „TajraHTa" o „peAaKuiax-B* xaKace mooh 6u no(5yAHTB 
r. JlyroBoro nponi;e ofiiacHHTB CBoeiiy Apyry AiftcTBHreJBHoe nojioseme 
Ben^eft. „Pe^aKnÍH" HasuBatOTC^ y „TajianTa** tojibko „ToproBo-npomun- 
jeHHHMH"; OHt TopryDTB „MOAHHiCB jíHTepaTypnuiTB TOBapoifB*'; OH* 
HeBi^ecTBeHHEj, ne hmídtb HHKasoS ji]d6bh b'b jHiepaTypi, oBaau- 
BaDTB Bonii)ffl;ee „neyBaateHie ki» aBTopcKOMy Tpy^y" h t. a. Bx npoTHBO- 

DOJIOSHOCTB HITB, HHCaTeJB eCTB — „ ^ej[0B'6K'B, EOTOpUŘ HO SaHHMaeTCfl 

HH^tiTB, KpoMŽ nocpe^HH^ecTBa Mes^y seMJieĚ h neÓoirB (I), Bpoiii 
pojKACHÚi HOBHxi H^eft, 3a BKCHJiyaTaipK) KOTopux*B Apyrie 6yAyT^ no- 
jy^aTB noTOMi npHropniHaMH ^dt 6jiara seMHua... ht5 TaBoe nneaTeju? 
HyatejiAHoe pacTeHie! HapasHrBl" 

BxoAHTB vh noApofínua oÓTbacHenia no noBOAy „ToproBO-npeminijeH- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHRA. — JniTBPATyPHOE OBOdraHIE. 805 

miTb peAaRiúi^, „HeyBaseHÍH kb aBTopcROMy Tpyjcy'', „nocpe^HEHecTBa 
M&aaj He6om h seMjel*" — híte HaAo6HocTH. OrpaHHHHMCfl XByiifl- 
Tpexa saMtvamjofH. 

^TajfaBTi*" BHAHMO mAerb o^ohb cMyTHoe npoAcraBjíeHie o sypna- 
aax!b H pexamiúixB. He 3HaeHi», vh ^en h ssxb o6flsajiH ero pe^aR- 
nm HeyBaseHíeirb Kb aBTopcKoxy Tpyxy; c^HTaeirb Aa»e BosiiosHinťB, 
<nx) pexasiÚH A^ajra odihósh kb oi^^ekí^ iipoM3BeA6HÍfi, — omHÓaTBca mo- 
sen KasAud, — ho „TajaHrb" bhxhmo H6 noHHMaerb caaiaro cymecTBa 
Haimx^ sypnajiOBi. ,9^ nero sypHajrb BaBi 6yAT0 HadHaneHi tojilko 
Aifl CTHXOBI, noBicreĚ u poManoBi, — a xaKse aja BUj^a^H aBascoRb 
HaqHHai>iii;H]fB TaoraHraiTB — c% i^bd ^pasucsaflU*', „nepecasHBaeia hx^b 
Ha 6ojrite njiOAOTBopHyi) noHBy'', „yspusaHiA otb Henorow'', h t. a. 
Ho cx jcaBHAro BpeMeHH pyccRÍň sypnajrb mť^oTb xapasTepB bobco ne 
oepioAHHecKaro cóopHHxa ĎejjíerpHeTH^ecRHx^b iipoBSBe^emĚ, a xapas- 
leph c6opHHKa o6ii^eo6pa80BaTejbHaro, ch ocofie&HuirB cTpeiuieHieiťb cb 

H3yHeHÍK> BOnpOCOBl 06meCTBeHH0CTH H HapOAHOĚ SHSHH jyb mupoKoiTB 

CHucjrb cjiOBa, nacKOJbEO dro bo3mosho no Bwkmmswh jcjíobísim%. ^yp- 
HajTb, BwícTb cb raserofl, ciysHTb BupaxemeM^ o6ii^ecTBeHBaro mh^hía, 
BOTopoe He HMierb ApyrHxi ópranoBib Kpoirb jiRTepaTypnux^b — no rixb 
BasHHiTb npeAMeTaM'b BnyrpenHeft shshh, KOTopue ne Moryrx ne yBje- 
xaTb HJH He TpeBosHTb SHBiňmmrb ofipasoirb Bdte'b pasyiiHurb h npo- 
CBi^n^eHHurb Jio^eft o6n^ecTBa, — Rasi ocHOBHue npeAMera oón^ecrseH- 
Haro H HapoAHaro ($UTÍa. Hh OAHB'b KpynHuň xypHaxb (n hh o^na spyn- 
Haii raseTa) ne abiajica, sa nocJitAHie nojrb-B^Ra, hjh xaze ropasAO 
Aajbme (nanp. ao ABaAiiaTUX'b rojífivb npomjiaro ctojítía), 6e3^ 6ojrbe 
njOL MeHÍe onpeA^eHnaro oTHomeHÍA Kb dmwb npeAMeraHi, hjh 6e9B 
onpeA:&ieHHaro „nanpaBjíeHi^i*'. drn ny6jHipcTH^ecKÍe HHTepecu ÓiraajiH 
BasHbc ne Mentě HHrepecoBi hhcto jrarepaTypHuxi*, nepiAso h coBna- 
Aajra Cb HHMH, OTBUBa^cb na noA^opi ÓejiJierpHCTHHecBaro OTA^a h na 
spETHst sypnajia: aro HasHBajiH „TeHAeniuoaHocTbi)"; „Taiann" r. Jly- 
roBoro nasuBaeTib dxo naprÍBMH h HHKaRi ne hosotb noHHTb, oTsyAa 
oni óepyrca h sa^farb cyn^ecTByrori. Owb npeHe6pesHTejbH0 roBopHTb 
o ^KaEHxi-TO HanpaBjemjixi*", ne pasyir]^, hto vb 3thx% „HanpaBje- 
Hiax'b** coBepmajiacb HCTopifl namero oón^ecTBennaro cosnaniH, B'b ko- 
TopoiTb mjio H Hanie jiHrepaTypnoe pasBHTÍe. „TajranTb" KaK-b 6yAT0 ne 
SHaen* npomeAmaro HaniHX'b sypHajioBi, pa^ ci» ABaAii^aTsrb foaobi 
XlX-ro B-^Ba TaBHMH A'i^Tej[flMM TeHAeHixio3HiJX'b sypnajOB^b, hjh „nap- 
Tiň'', 6iiBajiH IIojeBoň, HaAeasAHHi, IIoroAHHi, EtjHHCsiS, CTapue cja- 

B«B04>HJTU, nOTOlťb HBaffb ÁBCaBOBl*, KaXBOBl, JI^OCTOeBCBiň, CaJTUBORb, 

— saKb ÓBiJTb B'b CBoe BpeMJi Aaace OaAAefi ByjrapHHi. „TeHAeHiáo3HOCTb'' 
B&iHHCKaro 6ujia BejHKHirb h nJtOAOTBopninrb ({)aBToirb bi pasBHTÍH pyc- 
CKOi HOBtftmeň jraiepaTypu... 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



806 BftOTHmrE sBPOini. 

EcJiHÓu „TaiaHry** vb pasroBop'^ ci „pexaKipjnfH" cjy^HJiocB bsio- 

»HTB CBQH nOHATÍfl O H6Hy2KHOCTH „HanpaBJíeHifi*' H ,,IiapTÍĚ^,— H6 (OUO 

6u yAHBHTejBHo, HTo OFO MucjiH Óhuji 6u TEKse coTFeHu sa npHSHaxB 
yna^Ra,— noToxy tto, spoiit orcyrcTBÚi CHJibHux^ AapoBamĚ, spoiii 
AeKa^eHTCTBa h noAoÓHUxi Hsepan^emfi, „ynaAOBib" jraTepaTypu qiaBHii- 
xewiBHO cb npesHHiTb Bupaacaercfl Taiuse vh HenoHHKamH nponiexníaro 
Hamefl jiHTepaTypu h bi óesnpHHi^HiraocTH. 

F-wh JlyroBoň ne ysasajrB eiiy aroro, a OTHOCHrenHO^ynawa JHre- 
paTypu*' nojsitBepaíjsjBurb ero H^eH. Mes^y npo^HirB owh xbxaerb Tam 
ccbijibh: 

„...3to vbjí}> TasB ŮUBSuío bo Bcb BpeMBHa. BibMfi ecfh noEOJňmM 
roBopHJH o&h yna;qr6 JiHTepaTypu vh hx'b npeiia, a ona Bce nua sne- 
peA'B Aa BnepeA'B. 8to, BtpoarHo, opraHH^ecsoe cboActbo pocra jnre- 
paTypu. Tpy^^HO csasaTL, sto cosAaerB aro nojoseme''... 

„TajraHrb", BonenHO, TOTnacrB coofipasorB: 

„— Pe^aKiúH! OTcyTCTBie wb peAaKTopaxi jidóbh vb jHTepaTypi, — 

BOTB ThlTB COB^aHO 8T0 nOJIOJteHÍe", — H T. A- 

Mu sBMfkTnuai Bume, hto ^sto nojroseme coa^ano BOBce ne pexas- 
TopaMH, a o^n^HiTB roiocoirB. Ho omsÓOHEU TaKse h cceukh Ha „Bcb 
BpeiieHa''. Bo „bcí BpeiieHa'', Bor^a JHTepaxypa 6iMa vh jcUctbh- 
TejBHOiTB pa8i]^T&, oHa BOBce HO BíouBajia xsao&b Ha „ynaAOKB*', a 
HanpoTHBHb, 6uBajni npej^feroirB rop^ocTH h 8a npomjoe, h sa Hacrofini^ee. 
Bo BpeifeHa nymBHHa BOBce ho sajeroBaiHCB na yna^OBB JHrepaTypu; 
BpeMH Foroju nanojraHJio Bi^ncKaro BOCTopseHHEnrb yfi&KAenieHi, tto 
y HECI „ecTB jrarepaTypa"; vh naTHAecaTiix^B h mecTHAecaTUXi ro^arB 
ne npHxoAHjo vb roJiOBy AyMaTB, ito6u Tor^amH^ia cjraBnan lueflAa, 
HaHHHaBmaji cBoe nonpHn^e, npeACxaBJUiJa yna^osi JHTOpaTypu. H vb 
ApypExi jHTopaTypoxi xasse — bo BpeiieHa Kopnejui, Pacftaa, BoATepa, 
ne sajioBajHCB Ha yna^osB: nanpoTHBB, boph4^h (|>paHQy3CKOi jorepa- 
Typu 6bijh npe^HeTOiTB Hai^ionajrBHOž ropAOCTH, sasB y nbímeBiB b&tb 
FéTe H niHJiJiepa, u t. a. 

T'Wb JyroBoĚ, B'6poaTHO, 6jHse CBoero Apyra dHasoMult cb MaTepiajb* 
HOĚ cTopoHoĚ sypnajiBHaro A^a, mopb 6u BosAopsaTB ero otb xHorHTB 
HecBjaAHii^B, BOTopBifl TOTB HaroBopHJTB. „ToproBO-npoMuiHjeHHUH'' pe- 
AaBiuH, — ecjH „TajiaHxy" xotj^ocb TawB nasuBaTB iiaTepiaiBHyD, ac- 
HeacHyi) CTopoHV H3AaTejfBCTBa, — cyntecTByDTB vb xasoirB bha^^ bo bc^xb 
CTpaHax'B cBÍTa, noTOHy ^xo Hnaqe cynKecTBOBaTB ho MoryrB: nasa- 

TaiBCTBO H6B03K0SH0 663% A6HeSHBIX'B aaxpaTB, XOTOpBIA AOJrSHU 6UTB 

Boaiiin^aeMu h, BaBi> bcakoo Aonesnoe npeAnpiaTie, MoryrB npHHocHTb 
AoxoAB, 5ĎJiBnnfi hjih HeHBniii; h^botopbia npeAnpiflTÍfl h coBcfarB He 
AaDTB AoxoAa, ne B03HarpasAaK)rB caiiux^B sarpaiB h naAanrB. Fobo- 
pHTB, qxo ocHOBanie ^Rypnaja ecxB BcerAa tojtbko a4>epa h rpy(Saa 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHKA. — JHTEPATTPfiOE 0503P«HIE. 807 

dscniyaTaipfl, dEimETh — roBopHTB HenpaBAy, noTOMy ito mo»ho yEasaTL^ 
XHOsecTBO npEif^poBi jsfixe b'b pyccRoň JHiepaTypik, rjsíb sypnajn^naa 
jiíbarejihEocTb BHsuBajiacB meHHo jnDÓoBBD vh jrarepaTyp^ h sejia« 
HÍevL B03AMcTB0BaTB Ha oóii^ecTBO Vh t6x'b hjh HflUDCB ofimecTBeH- 
mxa HHTepecaxi. „TajairrB" ne noHmaeirB arofi cropoHU acypnajia, ho 
Hepéwo HMeHHo 9Ta cTopoHa 4iBJiJV6TCfl VB aKypHajri rocDOj^CTBynn^efi 
EJH iipeo($jaAaDmeĚ. Pe^aRTopci, no (uoBairB .TajaHra*' norOwioBHo He 
mri&Diqíe HHsasoft jiid6bh kb jrarepaTyp^ h hb HiliDiitíe yBasoHia vh 
aBTopcKOMy Tpyxy, CuBsum h 6iiBaK)n, soHe^Ho, pasHiie; hq MesAy 
HHVH ÓHBajH H TaKÍe, KaKB Gajsrmjovb, RoropoMy MHoríe „TajaHTu" 
AonsHu 6wm 6utb 6iiaroAapHu sa ero „Hepasede kb aBTopcsoMy 
^y^^> T.-e. 8a ero HcnpaBJíeme hx^b pysonHcefi... CoBepmeHHo ne- 
BipoaTHo, HaROHei][;B, ^to6u „pe^asiÚH'' ho aopo»hjh hcthhhhmh A&po* 
BamaMH,— xoTa 612 cfb to^bh spinúi „TaJianTa", hto6u hsbjbtb h3^ 

HHX'B BHTOXy. 

ToTHO TaBse, xu AynaeirB, hh bi oahoě ^acTH CBtxa „pe^aRiaH^ 
ne 6epyirB Ha ce6a „pasucBHBaTB^ TajraHTU, „nepeca^KHBaxB na hjoao- 
poAHyo noHBy", „yKpHBaTB on HonoroAH* h t. a., wó AJia naniHX^B 
peAABuifi c^HTaeTB oÓflsaHHocTBD „TajiaHiTB". H jtBJCb peAaBiÓH ysHaTB, 
t[TO Kb Hoň npHxoAHTB TajiaHiTb, TpeóyDoiiĚ TaBHX'B noneqemĚ, — ecjH 
owb aBuerca (tb npoHBBeAemeiTB, Boropoe eĚ ne HpaBHTCJi, ho sasercA 
TajfaHTjHBBDTB? KaKB peAasi^H „pasucsHBaTB'' TajraHTBi? 

r-B'B JíyroBOfi, no Hameny Bne^aiJii^mK), — ecjiH owb xot&tb H8o6pa3HTB 
Mjm A^iCTBHTejBHo cyn^ecTBOBaBmifi 4^aKrB, hjih HacTpoeme, — HanpacHO 
AaxB Taxofi TOH^ cBoeň khutí, ho bhocji HHBaRoro npoTHBOB^a pas- 
cyacAemairB h HeroAOBamAirB „TajiaHTa*'. Besi dToro, p&iH „Tajianra^ 

aBJflDTCJI HHOFAa TaRHMH pefiflqeCBHMH, TTO ^HTaT&nD MOserB npHATH 
Vb rOJOBy: — MOFB JIH 8T0 6UTB A^CTBHT&IBHO TaJtaHTJHBHi ^BJlOVbíffb? 

HaKOHei^B, en^e niKOTopoe neAoyMime. 

B'B nepBux'B CTpoBax'B BHHrH MU qHTaeiTB: „CetodN/rMunoxopoHHJH 
ero, a en^e b-b nponuryK) cy<k5oTy a cjrBnnaji» botb baí^b ero rojoc^" 
(exp. 1)... TasHiTB o6pa30]rB, BHHra na^axa „ceroAnA**, vb camiň a^hb 
noxopoH^. Bi» nocjrJ^AHHxi* cTpoKax'B KHHrH, saisoH^HKB p^^H ^yTajaHra**, 
r. JlyroBoft nHmei-B: „A euepa mu xopoHHjrn ero, h b(A hobtopajh: — 
yMepB TajaHTB*' (cTp. 139). HeysejTH BHHra B^b 139 CTpaHHi^ nanH- 
cana kb oakhi aghb? — Jí,. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



808 BMTHHR'E BBPOIOI. 

B. 9. BpaHXTB. ToproBO-npoMunueHHHft spesHci bi aanaxHoft Espont h bi Poccíh 
(1900 — 1901 iT.). HacTb nepBaji. ToproBO-npomuiueHHHt spiisHci vb savajCBoi 
Esponi. GnÓ. 1902. 

rjaBHofi sa^a^eft r. B. BpasATa 6ujío iisy^eflie npouniueHBaro 
BpHSHca, nepea«BaeMaro Poccíeň, Ha^HHax cfh 1899 ro^a. Ho Tasí xaKL 
BCjrÍATi sa Ha^ajioirB BpHSHca vh Poccíh nocii^HÍt paspasEJicfl h vh 
rAaBEtíkmuvb rocf;i;apcTBax'B sana^oA Esponu, a corjiacHO h'&kotophh 
TeopeTHHecKHirb cooGpaseHÍaifB ocHOBama upoMHinieHHHxi sph3hcob!B 
cjiijíjeTh HCsaTB vh ycjoBúm oprarasaiUH spyneoi BaiurraucTH^ecBoi 
DpoMuniJieHHOCTH Boo6ii(e, TO npesAe ^iirb H3JiaraTB Hcropii) h cojiep- 
saHÍe pyccBaro spesHca, aBTopi c^eiib nojesBiurB Hsy^HTB BpH3Hcrb sa- 
naAHO-eBponeficBÍA. IIioaoiii* aroro Bsy^eHÍB no jraTopaTypnuirb hctoi- 
HUBaii'B H na MicTax'^ bbhjcb yBasaHHuA vb sarojOBB!]^ HameA sanfoBH 
TpyAi>. CoAepsame aroro Tpyj^a, Biipo^eifB, niHpe Toro, ?t6 mosho ope^- 
nojaraTB no ero sar^raBii). OnHcaHÍK) noci1^j:HBro BpHSHca npexnocjiaHi 
spaTBÍfi o^epsi HCTopÍH npo]fUBLi6HHux'B BpK3HC0B'B npeAmecTByDmaro 

BpeMOHH; TBKb EaBlb BUiCTh Qfh rtlTb BBTOpi BUCSaSfilBaerB 0flp€!X^eH- 

Hoe Bosspbme na npH^HHU m ycjroBui BOBHHBHOBeHÍB npoioimjieHHuxi 
BPH3HC0BI vb HOBftftniii nepioA'B xo3BňcTBeHHoft HCTopÍH H noJBraen, 
HTo ero „TeopeTHiecKÍB pascysACHía bhojthí noATBepxAanTCfl 4>aBTHHe- 
CBHMH AaHHUMH*', jnwb npnBOAHianfH« BBKb o npomjnaa^ tbei^ h o hobM- 
meirb BpHSHci vb sanaAHoA Esponi, to ero co^iHHeHie — npH y^a^mon 
BunojHeHiH,— Morjo 6u 6uTb HsertAOBaHÍeirB o npHHHHaxi h ycJtOBiím 
npoHCxosBAeHÚi npoiounjieflHia^B bphbhcobi wb HOsMnieA HCTopÍH Esponu. 
PascHaTpHBaemiĚ Tpyj^i*, oahbbo, A^JieBo ne mA&rb Tasoro aHaHenúi. 
Kb upeAHCJioBiH Kb cBoeMy co^mhohík), r. Epan^Ti roBopra^: ,He 
tiyAy?H cTopoHHHROirb OAHoft KaBofi-jH6o cneiuajirBHoA TeopiH (npoHCxo- 
3KAeHÍii BpHSHCOBi), BBTopi CHejTB nojesHuifb fljBiTb noApo6HuA anajDisi 
rbxi (i>aBTopoBi h ycjOBÍfl bi& coBpeMeHHott opraHB3aii;iH napexHaro xo- 
dflňcTBa, coBOBynHoe ^McTBÍe soTopuxi, saBi^ wb o&iacTH npoHSBOACTBa 
H noTpeójeHÍB, TajTB h bi o^jbcth pacnpeA^JieHk h oóMtea, nepiojtv- 
qecBH Be^erb vb dKOHomraecKHirb BpHSBcairb". HecMorpa na TaBoe sa- 
TeropHqecBoe orpeiiaHie npHHajuiesHocTH b^ onpejcijieHHOMy Ray^Boiiy 
jrarepK), mu ne Moacem ne sbhí^thtb, ito asropi npHAepsHBaeTca co- 
BepmeHHO onpeA'i^eHHofi TeopÍH spHSHca, h HneHHO Tofi, BoropaA ne- 
OAHOKpaTHO pasBHBajacB wb pyccBoň .iBTepaTypi^ h en^e He^aBso cjy- 
acHJia npeAMeTom oacecTOHesHoŘ nojieiniKH, — TeopiH, BHAan^eA rjasHyi) 
npHHHHy BpHSHca bi> sbboh^ pacnpeA^eHÍH, cBoAcTBeHHOirB BauHTaiH- 
CTH^ecEOMy cTpoH). IIpaB^a, 8*6 npHBeAeHHoft uHTaTi r. EpaB^Tx, — na 
pBAy CB pacnpeA^fejemeiTB — fb EaqecTBt DpHqHH'B EpnsHca BUCTaBuierB 
ycJOBÍA npoHSBOxcTBa, noTpe6wieHÍH h ofiMŽHa. Ho vbj^h h rb nHcaTeiH, 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



IPOHH&A. — JGtTEPATyPHOE OBOSPfiHIE. 809 

KOTopHe oTspHTO saflBjunoTE O cBoei opHHajuíesHocTH Kh „pacnpe^^H- 
TeiBHofi*' T6opÍH spH3HC0Bi&, HH Majo He orpai^tiOTb coyqacTÍfl Wh npo- 
ii3Be;^e&ÍH j^airaaro iiBjeHifl MHonunb ApyrKxx npHqHffb, rjaBHMmiii mafh 
KOTopiJXL (oieByjunpfl) cjtl npoHSBoxmfl t^i se saKOHOKb pacnpejcb- 
JI6HÚ HaipoHEABaro óoraTCTBa. 

CosHaxejBHoe hjh 6e3C03flaTejbHoe canoycrpaHenie B. $. BpaHATa 
QTh yHeflifl, Fb ^flcTBHTejQ»BOCTH HKB pftsj^^bjfleiiaro, Biipasaercji He 
TOKBKO Kb BamenpHBeAeHHot Buxepssfi (h bo xHormrB ApyrHx'b nojio6- 
mm^h vifftBXb ero Tpyxa), ho h re Taxoirb HaioseniH ero Boaspinii^ 
BOTopoe He xosen ne saTeifHHTB ocHOBHyD mn^ H^ei). Ta^b, Basiifi- 
oran ({laKTopoirb nars HKCja iipoHdBOivniunrb si«3Heb r. BpaHjrrb cvh- 
Taen „fincrpoe HaKonjieHíe BanHrajioRb, Hi^yiipnrb noMtn^emfl bo ht5 6hi to 
HH crajfo" (cTp. 12), otifbJíCHBfl, HTo TaKoe flBjíeBie ecTb „HeHsfi&KHuft 
pesyATaTB sanHrajiHcnraeeKaTO xosflf crna eb ero TexHH^ecmnnr yco- 
BepmeHeTBOBamjniH h cb ero pacnpedfbAemeMb Ha^ioHaJIbHa^o Aoxoj^a 
MeacAy npoHSBOwrejibHuirH BJaecaira''. IlepexoAH saTftirb kb mothbh- 
poBsb dToro yTBeps;^eHÍji, bv&cto npjnoro s&sBjíeHÚi o Toirb, hto^ojth 
pa6o^HX'B KiaccoBi wh naiiioH&iBHoirb ^oxo^t Hej^ocTaTOHna js^jb. jj^o- 
BJieTBopemfl wAtb vxh noTpe(^ocTefi, a jíflJíH BJiaccoBi Bjia3;i^i)iipxs 
DpeBocxoxHTb HXb noTpeÓHocTH— F. BpaH^rb BeAen ap^yMeHTa^iD Ta- 

SHKb 06pa80M*b, HTO OCHOBa CJIOSHOĚ BOMÓHHaipH ^BJieHÍfl — aaKOHb RanH- 

TajHCTHqecKaro pac^pe;^4Jrema ;íoxoAa-'yKpiíBaeTC4at sa npocTHirb (|^k- 
TOJTb ero ooTpe($JieHÍJi. „JÍ*jio wh TOirb, — pa3'bflCBaeT%^ aBTopi» — qxo npo- 
HBBOAHTejiBHOCTb Tpy^^a H KanHTajia bi> coBpeMeHHux'b ByjibTypHHx^b ro- 
ejAapciBaxi Bospocxaerb ropas^o 6ucTpbe HaiuoRaibnaro norpefijiema 
vh ero ickioirb*'. Ecjeh pa6oqie BJiaccu „oóUBBOBeHHo nompeČAsioím Bees 
CBOŘ AOXo^Tb, TO dToro OTHK^b iiejhss CRasaTb o Rjracci BanHTajrHCTOBx. 
Bxh AOJB vb HaiúoHajbHoirb jifizojsib „o6iiKHOBeHHO ropasAo SHaHHTejrb- 
Hie T&Li saTparb, KoiopuA ohh j^^aion js^íl CBoero Aunnato nompeú^ 
AeniHj BEJD^ax cn^a a^xsbj^ npe^MeTU pocsoniH. Bca ara npnóHJS 
HH*emi TeH^eHEÍ© vh cfiepeatenii)** (crp. 14). Db cTpanaxi, HacumeH- 
HHX'b yse BanHTajoirb, ,,KanHTajH3aiqii npHÓnjiH BUsUBaercH ho noTpe6- 
HOCTbX) HapoxHaro xoaaficTBa m> H0BUX'b xamiTajiax^, a norpe^Hocrbio 
caMaro BaiiHrajia b^b caMoyBejfflqeHÍH, CTpeMjenieiťb KansTaJHCTOBi no- 
cpoACTBOiTb c(5epeseHÍB en^e 6o^e yiiHoxaTb cboh aoxoah** (cTp. 15). 
ÁBTopb ABa pasa boaxo^hti m> KOHCTaTRpoBanii) TOHAem^H sanHTajia 
Kb c^pesemi), nyreirb o6pameHÍH ero Ha HOBoe hpohsboactbo, ho bh 
pasy He 06'bacBflerB KaTeropH^ecsH, ^irb oóycjioBJíHBaeTcji dxa xen- 
AeH^úl; noTOMy jol BanHiajHCTBi MeHbme TpaT^iirb na cboh norpeÓHocTH, 
^brb CKOibRo HOJT^^aiyrb h3% Ha^ioHaJ[bHa^o aoxoab, hto aojisl HX'b B'b 
dTOirb nocjiAHeiTb npenocxo^HTi hxi» n0Tpe6H0CTH, h.ih js^jia aroro 
HKJtorcji BaKÍA-jni6o hhua ocHOBama? Hirb y r. Bpan^Ta pasrbACHeHifl 



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810 MCTHHBl KBPOnU. 

H Toro, ?TĎ osHavaerB (|>am norpefijeHia pa6o^HiiH Bcero urh aoxoaE? 
SBmuTb JH 8T0, OTO, no saKOHEiTB RanHTajHCTň^ecKaro pacopeA^^iemf, 
OHH nojy^asxrb poBHO ctojebbo, crojilko hitb BysHO, h npHÓaBoiTB xo- 
xo^a Bce paBHO oópaiiUH 6h, xasb h BanHiajEHCTU, na iipohsboactbo; 
aiH norpeÓHOCTH BToro uacca aa^^ko en^e ho noiyHUH Hajuesai^aro 
jAOBjíeTBopeHia, h BosBumeme htb xo^kh vh naii^ioHajBHOirb aozox^ 
HMtio 6u nodTOMy cjrbxcTBieirE yBejEHOHie hx% norpeCjieHk. BonpocH 
dTH Hiri^DTi cyn^ecTBeHHoe SHaneme M^a noHmanui coBpeMeHHHxi sps- 
BHCOBi. EcjDi noTpe6HOCTH o6oJsxb uaccoffB npoHSBOAHTejfeft nojynaimb 
HajureaKan^ee y^oBierBopeme, a saipoHajrbHHS aoxo;^ iieiucy tíitl npe- 
Bumaen cynicy Tpe($yi)ii^HXCfl j^lsí btofo npe^MeroBi, to nepenpoHSBOA- 

€TBO UpOAyKTOB^b HO MOFJIO 6fil 6UTh Vpejljnfe^ĚÍJÍfiBĎ BHBaRHirB ffpac- 

opextieBieirb Aoxo^a ues&xj npoHSBOAHrejBHuiiHBJíaccaMH", h rjiaBHyD 
npHHHHy KPH3HC0BI — »KaKb HeHsdisHaTo pesyATaTa HaBOiueHÍ£ Kamna- 
jiOBi, Hii^yiD^HXi noMŽiQeHLi H ne HaxoAflmHxi ero ch oÓuqHoft npe- 
6huths>^ (cTp. 14) — cjiiAOBaJO 6u Torxa HCEaTb bi Apyrofi xapasrepH- 
cTH^ecBOĚ ^epri ^coBpeiieHHaro saoHTajiHCTHqecBaro xo3flicTBa*, ^vh ero 
TexHH^ecKHxi ycoBepmeHCTBOBaHkxi h ycnixarB*'. Ecjn se y pa6o- 
qaro uacca ecn mhofo norpeÓHocrefi, ne yAOBjíerBopaeMuxi 3a orcyr- 
CTBíeiTb noRynaiejiBHiixi cpoACTBi, to HHoe pacnpeA&ieHie HaipoHajb- 
Haro AOxoAa Morjo 6ia SHaHHTeAHO CMaruTb hjih BOBce ycTpaHHTb RpH- 
sMCMy H Bi TasoiTB c^qat rjaBHyx) npE^HEy noeiÍAHHX'B cj&AOBaJO 6u 
HcsaTb Wh sasoHaxi saiiHTaJiHCTH^ecBaro pacnpeA^emfl npe^ysroBrL. 
HaiHniHe, RaseTcn, noacHaTb, tto wb AMcTBHTejbHOCTH HMterB iribcro 
dTon nocyitAHÍĚ cxynaft, a ecjH Tas^b, to r. BpasATy Hejn»3A 6ujio ne 
yRasaTB na HecooTBÍTCTBÍe aoxoaob^b paÓoíHxi hxi noTpeÓHOCTaifb. Osh 
H cA&iajrb TaBoe ysasame, ho — coraacHO CBoeity o6uHaD — ne npflMo, a 
noAB BHAOMi cooTHomeHiji MeaLAy noBynaTexBHofi CHJiofi paóonaro sjacca 
H HaipoHajbHuirB AOxoAOirb. „EcjwÓu BOspocTame nosynaTejiBHOft chju 
SaHJITHX-B paóOHHXt*' — rOBOpHTBOHl Ha CTp. 16 — „boomí cootbítctbo- 

lajo H36uTKy HHCTaro AoxoAa, nojry^aeMaro otb hobhxi npeAopuiiS, 
TorAa AJífl npeAupHHHMaTejeĚ He 6ujo 6u pesona noirbntaTb i i 86uTgii 
xaHHTajia vb HOBoe npoHSBOACTBO, Tasí Kairs oho ho AaBaJo 6ii hkb 
HHRaBoro AOXOAa*. 

Ecjh TeopeTHHecKaji ?acTB khhtu r. BpaHATa ne cBo6oAHa otb He- 
AOMOJBOKB H HeacHocTefl, TO HOJibSfl cuTaTb fiesynpeHHOĚ h 4^aKTH- 
qecsyi) ea ^acTb, „Boojnib uoATBepa^aDniyiD^, 6yAT0 6h, ero TeoperH- 
qecBÍA paseysA^HÚi. ,9^ noHcneHÚi Hameft mucih ofipaTHVCA irb rjUB- 
HOMy npeAMOTy bhhfh r. BpaHATa, nocjiAHeify KpH3Hcy vb FepiraHiH. 

Bi TeopeTHqecKoĚ ^acTH EHHra r. BpaHATb pasBepTíiBaerb cjrlAyi>- 
n^K) KapTHHy npoMumjieHHaro osHBjíeHifl, sasaH^roaroni^aroca spHSHcoB^ 
^KoFAa B^b CTpani HaBonjueTCJi sHaHHTe^bHuĚ RanHrajrb, ne noMtn(f»- 



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XPOHHKA. — jnXEPÁTyPfiOE OBOSraHIJS. 811 

HUň BTb npOH3BOACTBO, TO ^OCTaTO^HO BHiniHArO nOBOMt — ^3aSJIK>HeHÍfl 

BuroAHaro ToproBaro TpaETaTa, oTEpuriii HOBaro puHsa xja cfiura, ho- 

BUXli TeXHHqeCBHX7» H306pÍTeHÍfi, KOHBepcifl °/0 djHarb, — 1T06U dTOTB 
BftHHTaJTB yCrpeMHJCA Bl npOflSBOACTBo''. OAHaRO, „BCaSOe npOHSBOXH- 

TejBHoe npHir&Heme Hosaro KanHTaJia Ha^HHaercA ne c% HenocpeACTBOH- 
Haro npoHSBOACTBa npe^HeTOffE norpoójoiiiji, a cfb o6opyAOBaHii[ caiaixi 
iiI>eAopiaTÍfi''. „BcjiŠACTBie aroro, npes^e Beero pacnrapaDTca t6 orpacjiH 
nxK>H3B0ACTBa, BOToputf iipoH3BOAfli*B CTpoHTejubHuĚ MaTopíarb A-Ifl HO- 
Biixi» npe^upiaTÍĚ — seiÍ3o, BHpnnqi h t. h. SaTim paenmpflDTCA h 
XPjTm orpacjH, npoHSBOAanpH npeAueru norpedjemn pa^ouxa^, xoth, 
Bnpo«ien, vb ropa^AO MeHbmeS CTenenH. IIoRa coBepmaercji 9totb npo- 
nficffh otipasoBaHífl Hosaro ochobhofo KaaHTajia bi npoMiiniJieHHocTH, 
nocjríbAHflfl oÓHapysEHaeirb bc^ npHSHaBH osHejienÍH. Ho botb npoxo- 
jusTh roA'B, ABa, xpH... hobuh npeAupiaTÚai HannaiOTb A&BaxB ejtoau, 
H bmícto npesHAFO cnpoca na TOBapu ohh npeACTaBJuoon yse npe^- 
joseflie nocj|ÍAHHX'b*^. IloRynaTejiBfiafl cHdia HacejiemH, o^naBO, yBejH- 
HHjacB AaieBO ne nponopipoHaiBHO dřou y npe^JioseHÍD, h noroMy TOBapu 
oepenojiHADrB puHOsi, jsimi hxi naji^aixrB, pa6oTa ccMipau^aercfl, osh* 
B.i6flie ciri^eTCH saiyroeirb h t. a- (cTp. 18 — 19). Hscjri^AOBanie npo- 
mnnjieHHaro spHdHca vb FepiiaHiH, noATBepav^aioHi^ee aro ToopeisHecKoe 
pascyaiAeme, ao^sho 6u HoyasaTB, "íto, vb Tepeme nepio^a osHBiefiia 
npoiomLieHHOCTH, sa^b ^'^CTBHTejiBHO HM^o mícto npoHMyoiecTBeHHo 
„otipasoBame HOBaro ochobhofo Kaonraja npoMuniJieHHOCTH*', a npoHs- 
BOACTBo npeAMOTOBi HenocpeACTBeHHaro noTpe6jeHÍH Hacejeflúi nporpeo 
cHpoBajo B'B MajioĚ CTeneHH. Sxa sa^a^a, OAHaso, coBepmeHHO ne bu- 
nojHona aBTopoMi. O npoHSBOj^cTBb npe^MeroBi HenocpeACTBennaro no- 
Tpe6jeHÍH Macci» vb keeií r. Epan^Ta ho iipuBO^HTCfl HHRasHTb ^an- 
Huxi; TTO se sacaeTCJi iipoH3BOACTBa ochobhoio KanHTajia cxpanu — 
aBTopi rojocjioBHO ccHJiaeTCJi na pocTb repnancKaro cy^oxo^CTBa, pac- 
nmpenie sejri^HO^oposnofi c^th, cocpysenie rpaHAiosHUxi B0K3aji0Bi, 
Ha HenpepuBHUfl bosehua h MopcKia coopy»eHÍJi h jiHniB oTHocHTejiLHO 
djesrpE^ecKoJl npoMuouieHHocTH hphboaíítcjí híbotopíul (i)aETH9ecBÍfl 
jUBiWEhLň, onpaBAiiiBaDn^k TeopeTHqecsoe 8aKJiK>^eHÍe o pocrb ochobhofo 
RanHTajra cTpaHu. Jí^jvjswb hcto^hhbobtb npoHinojreHHaFO osHBjieHÍA 
repHaHÍH Bo BTopoJl nojiOBHHi HCTesmaFO ;i;ecaTHjr]^TÍA 6ujlo saE^noneHie 

eK) BUFOAHUXl TOpFOBBIXl A0F0B0p0B'B CB COC^A^HH, 06jeFqaBniHX'B c6urB 

ea Jísjí^jáŘ sa FpaHHi^y. B^l ^acTHOCXH, no othohi6hík) Kb dJieKipH^ecKOĚ 

OpOMUHLieHHOCTH, HSB^CTHO, HTO TepHamH 6uja nOHTH HOHOnOJIHCTOMX 

no oÓopyAOBamK) cooTBiTCTByDn^Hxi* npe^píJiTÍŘ vb paara^BHXi rocy- 
AapcTBaxt EepoiiH. Ho M ^la cTopona npoMHmjeHHaro oaHBjemfl Tep- 
ManiH noHTH ne pa3CM0TpÍHa cxaTHCTH^ecKH, h, BpoM^ cyHMapnuxi 

UM^pb O eB BB03% H BUB03Í H AByXTi-TpeXl yKasaHÍfi Ha BUB031> híso- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



812 B ACraHKl EBPOniI. 

TOpUTB npOATKTOBl, P. 6paHA1*B He JífiieTb HHBaBHrB (Í)aRTHqeCBHX'B cvb- 

j^Hifi no dTOMy npe^MeTy. 

OcTaBHBTB wb CTopoHŽ co6cTBeHflo npoH3BOACTBo H ToproBJíK) TepHamH, 
H8CJiÍA0BaHÍ6 KOTopux'& npeACTaBJXJfocB 6u EBMÚojrbe HRTepecHum h ho- 
BHVb, — no KpatneĚ vbpb wa pyccKaro ^HraTejw, — r. Bpanxrb saTo 
ocTanoBHXb oco6eHHoe BHHManie na BB^nraeiTB BiipaseníH npouHHueH- 
naro osHBjreniH — na yHpexHTejiBHOĚ, 6HpseBoft h 6aHKOBofl jc^aTeiv 
HOCTH, na rpBRnepcTB* n cneKyjWHíffl, T.-e. na npeíMeraxTb, o KoropurB 
óojihme Bcero nHmercfl jsfiúse vh pyccRHTb HaAanÍHXi h yqerb RoropurB 
ne npeAcraBJíHerb oco6eHHiiix'B sarpy^^nemĚ. Ho h no OTBomeHix) vb 
dTBWb npe;pfeTa]rB aBTopi, vb 6o.iBniHHCTB% cjiynaoBi, orpaHH^HBaercfl 
AaHHUMH, Kacaronpnmcfl nepio^a osHBjíeHiA, h JiHmaeiTB Taiuoii» o6pa- 
30irB ^HTaTOJiA B03M02KH0CTH cyj^HTB cvďk nocjri^AHATO cpasHeHieiTb e& 
otiu^HHifb Te^enieirb Ben^eft. 

Cj']kAyK>in;n]rB xpy^oirs B. $. Epan^^a ůfjsfiTh mcjFÍAomme upomini- 
jieHfiaro spEsnca Vb Poccíh. Hojibba, nosroMy, ne BUCsasaTB noseiank, 
qTo6u ara pa6oTa 6uíjra cBOÓoAna ovb ne^ocTaTROBi, cBoftcTBeHHHX'B paa- 
CMaTpHBaeMOMy Tpy^y. OcoóeHHo BaiKHUirB npe;i;cTaBJiAj[ocB 6h bhachb- 
HÍe CTaTHCTHqecKHiTB nyToifB hcto^hhkobi osHBjeHífl pyccRoft npomnn- 
jieHHocTH, npeAmecTBOBaBmaro BpnBHcy, h npjiHoro hjih EOCseHnaro yu- 
ctía ()>HHaHCOBaro si^oMCTBa b-b y^pexHTejBHoft ropiraci. dyseCnoe 
nojTOsenie aBTopa oTBpiiBaen eiiy jtfic^jwb jeb TaRiorB MaTepiajiairB, 
saKHXi HanpacHo cTajTB 6tí HCsaTB ;ipyroft mcjrbfffib^Texb AftHHaro 
mjiemH. — B. B. 



B'B Tepeme cenraÓpA Mtcai^a nocTynH.iH kb Pexasioi) cjrbAynnMJi 

HOBUA BHHFH H 6poniH)pu: 

AectbeuKo, B.—JIidmi h xhbhb. IIoBtcTH H pa3CKa3u. Cn6. 902. U. 1 p. 50 k. 

AAMaaoei, B. H.— PoiaHA'B. BojibhhS nepeBo;^^ Apessei (l)paBiiy3CK. noaiiu. 
M. 901. 

AnópececKiú, G. A.— JlHxepaTypHiie o^epsif. 2-e Aonoxn. us^anie ^JlHrepa- 
TypHHTB HieHiĚ**. Cn6. 902. !(. 1 p. 50 b. 

Ape0a^ H. H.— HBcxpyKuia nojumeftcBHMi ypaAHHBaiťb. Haji. qeTBeproe. 
Cn6. 902. Cxp. X + 188. Hi. 1 p. 

ApHOAhdu, A. K.— HcjH. OnHTB npaKTHqecKaro pyRoacACTBa e-l ycipoicTBy 
rtTCBHXi flCJeS. Cn6. 902. 

Ahkocosi, AieKcM.-— nicHR pyccBHXi DHcaTeieft o boií. M. 902. U. 75 b. 

BcuimaAomy II.— IlocoÓie xiii nrrepaTypHHxi 6eci^ h nHCBueHniixi paóon. 
M. 902. a. 70 K. 

Beuya, Aiescanipi.— HcTopia pyccBoíi sebodbch bb XIX-mb b^k*!. HsAaiiíe 
TOBapHmecTBa „SHaHie". 1. 11. Cn6. 902. 

EotdOHoeuuhf K.— jIJBa nepeci^eHÍB naBnaro KaBsascBaro xpeóra; Ob Baproi, 
3-iifl TaóiHQBHH paapisoBB H 27 pBcyuBaMii bb TeBcrl. Grp. XXVIIl4-209 



Digitized by VjOOQU; ' 



XPOHHRA. — *aHTEPATyPHOE 0B03P%HI£. 813 

(17»— 209 no-HiMeAKH), in 4*. (Tpjm TeoJorHq. KoMHTeta- T.^XIX, lé 1). Cn6. 
902. a. 3 p. 

Bpandeci, F.— Co6paHie coíHHeHÍB. DepeB. ch Aafcsaro M. Jly^i^soi. T. V: 
HaTypaiHSMi vb ÁBriiH. \iiewb. 902. II. 12 tom. —5 py6. 

Bypdoj J.— Bonpoc> o xbshi. O^epsi oó^efi ooiiioioríH. Ob Htii. E. Upex- 
TeieBCKiS. Ca6. 902. II. 1 p. 75 s. 

EnMme^, A.— Aosropi HlTOKiiaHi, xpftva Hóceea. YpaiBCKi. 902. O^epsi 
(■31 rasem „YpaiBcKiS JEecTOirb*'). Grp. 11. 

Btepncmepne BbepHeoafth.—OBiĚme aamei coni. Apaiia. QepeB. B. Merrepea 
H n. BopOTBHKOBa. M. 902. IX, 50 kou. 

BapnaxoecKiU, H. A.— Pbióojobctbo Vh 6acc6ffHÍ piKH 06b. On6. 902 
I^. 50 Kon. 

B. B,—K7» HCTopÍB pyccKofi oÓiuHHH BB PoccÍB. (MaTepíaiH no BcropÍH 
oÓiRflHHaro semeEiajiiHiji). M. 902. Crp. 160. U. I p. 35 k. 

BepMCMt O. O.— Hcaasx EjLhuvb JleBATani w ero TBopqecTBO. Gn6. 902. 

BuHOtpad09%j H. B.— Teopia MipoBOro pasyiia. Tyja. 902. Crp. 196. 

BuumepHuufb, npo<t>.— KynaBin, bb oóme^ocTyneon^ QSiozeHíH. (DpujoneHÍe 
K-B aypaaiy „HapoABoe 3;ípaBÍe**, Jfe 33). Co6. 902. Orp. 31. 

JToHaem, D. F.— Odhtb oaAopoBjeeia AepeBHn. Ob 5 BjuDorp. h Bcryner. 
CTETBeK) P. OeiieflTKOBCKaro. Cn6. 902. 

FeiccAU H Mapmum.—Up^KTE^ecKisi saRjrriH nosoojoria h fk)TaBHRt. Depes. 
H. nerpoBCsaro, U. OymsHHa h U. RoiBUOBa. Ob 342 pec. M. 902. U. 3 p. 50 k. 

Fei^h, ^.— 06i OTBomeBÍH Bi. O. OoJOBBeBa kb eapeicKoiiy Boapoey. Ob 
npEJoscBieiiii. 2-e b3A. M. 902. II. 30 a. 

Jle-BoAAatfh^ Pperopii." noiBaa nama. Hsb ceifeflHoft xpoBHKH HoraftQeBuxB; 
Cn6. 902. A. 1 p. 25 k. 

JfepwotcuHCKíiff B. 8.— Cyie(5HHe Jí^aieiH o6b yBHBepcHrercKoft uoipotobk* 
MOJOAHXB lOpHCTOB-B. On6. 902. 

JUAyccKiúf R. M.— FoBepajii OBarpeBRo.^BÓJiHSH RposaBiirB KaMseft.— IIo- 
TepflHHafl óyuara.— HeflCTomHHaH cBia. PascsasHi. On6. 902. U. 1 p. 

JlpyoteuHUHh^ El. O.— AsÓyaasaKOBOBiAi&HiB. HsBnRflBTHBspocjnEixB^ M.902. 
Utaa 10 Koa. 

^MKoehy H., CBJím.— FoAB Ba *Kpeftcep4 „AjnawpaiB HaxHMOBi". Cy^osiiii 
san-i^TKE H BoeqaTJitBiH 1899—1900 r. Ob 20 pne. bb leKcrfe. U. 1 p. 20 k. 

JlMxoHoea^ Q. H., npeaoxaBaTeJBBHua OaiiapcKofi sencsofi rHHsasiii. KpaT- 
Kafl pycciuui rpaifMaTBEa. BrEMOJorín b CHErascHcrB. PyROBOAcrso aih MJaxníBrB 
SJaccoBB q>eABHXB yieÓBHXB saBejieBÍfi. RasaBB. 902. Crp. 154+17. U,, 60 k. 

JlwpuHthi Ebf.— Bucmee meacKoe 'oópasoBaflie h yBBBepcHreTU. Ob hím. 
J^. PeaTMaBi. Cn6. 902. A- 40 k. 

XcAfbSHoei^ B. H.— QqepKB nojrareqecKOft 3KOboiiíb. M. 902. A. 3 p. 50 k. 

datocKumj M. H.— CoÓpaeie coíHHeeiS. Haflanie A. A. IlexpoBH^a. Ranra II. 
UpHJOX. Ki aypBajy „PoflBaa P*qB«, 1902. On6. 902. Orp. 288+69. 

3apu«b, A.— Caapeí Boe yfeio. HcTopHHecKaHnoB*cTi>.{„BcxoAH**, 1902,^ J4). 
Orp. 181. 

SacoduMCKiúy JI.— Bt* shm flia cyiiepKB. 06opbhkb óuBaiBn^BB, pascsasoBB h 
cAsoKB. M. 901. A. 1 p. 50 K. 

dydepMomj F.— Aa BApaBCTByeTB «h3bb! Apaiia bb 5 aai. IlepeB. A. 3a6ioii- 
io8. M. 902. H. 60 K. 

Eaúu>po^oe^y AM.—Hai po^floi apapo^u. XpecroMaiifl jgu mema vb msorb 
B Bi ceMBi. Oa6. 902. I^. 1 p. 50 k. 

ToMi V.— OKTaBPB, 1902, 62/a5 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



814 BMTHHIKB EBPOnU. 

KoAAamtt, B. B.— H. B. ToToib m ero UHCbiia. M. 902. 

^yKOBCKo-ForoieBCKafl uĎHieĚHafl iiiepaTypa. M. 902. 

Kapp^y G— SCHpoHAa. dbioioi noiri^yfi Han h xpyrie pascKasH. Gn6. 902. 
Iltua 75 Ron. 

Eapubceb^ H.->y^eriHaa &HHra HOBofi EcropÍH. Ob HCTopHqecKHMH Kapraioi. 
M8A. Ti)eTbe. Cn6. 902. Crp. VI+348. 

Eaj^mcxiú, E. — QpoTHBopt^ luaccoBHxi KHrepecoBi bi 1789 roAy* IlepeB. 

I. BHCKa, n. p. B. BoAOBosoBa. Ob nopTperoirb asTopa. Kievb. 902. £(. 35 r. 

SuHSbKoeh, C— KaR% Ha^aicA pacsoii pyccsoft uepsBH. HcTopH^ecKÍi o^epsi. 
M. 902. H 35 !£• 

Eedpum, K H.— IlyrH <!oo6meBÍa C.-4IeTep6ypra. (AoBJajcb, vrraHHHft 19 asr. 
1902 vh OÓmecTBi ařa coa^Bctbíjí pyccsofi npoMunueHHOCTH h ToproBjt). Crp. 26» 

KoeoAeecKi^^ M.— Pyccsag HcrópíA. PysoBOACTBO h nocoóie. M. 902. U^ 15 b. 

OíepKi BceoÓmefi h pyccRofl HcropÍH. M. 902. II.75 k. 

KooKeenuKoehf f. A.— PysoBoj^CTBO Sb 80oiorHHecRH]i'b dKCsypcuiir& h coópa* 
híid 800ionraecEHX'B sQuesiiii. M. 902. U,, 1 p. 

KoHpa^^^ npo<|>.— CípaiOBaniii, «b oóiuexocTynHOinb H8ioseHÍu. (Upiuoseme 
Bi sypn. „HapoABoe dApaBie"", J\& 32). Caó. 902. Crp. 47. 

SÓpcaKoea^ E. ^.•— Oóy^eHie poAHOMy flSHsy wb ceiaA („BeiiHBionejufl ceifeft- 
Haro BOcnHTaHÍH h oóycEeHifl**, Bun. XLYIII— XLIX). Ca6. 902. Crp. 61. I^. 50 k. 

KpyKCi, BHJIBJUfb.— O npOHCXOSAeHÍH XHMH^eCSHXl 31^eHT0B'E. M. 902. 

n. 50 Kon. 

EydpsecKÍu, A., iipo4>. KaRi shjh idah vb CTápusy. OiepRH aepBOÓHiHoi 
RyibTypH. HiA. 2-e. JOpbevh. 902. II. 40 r. 

Ey3He^06^^ H. Ji,.--09epR'b pyccRaro puóojoacTBa. Gn6. 902. U. 40 r. 

jKioj»5ti%, JI., A-pi.— OTBťrb Ha hcrob^ab spaná Bepecaesa. Gi hím. M. 903. 

JlaeptiMoewih, K). H. HapoxHoe o6paaoBaHie Bb Herepóyprt. Qo uobomj 
25-itTHflro ynpaBioniii IleTepGyprcRoB AyMU ropoAcRBMH nucoiaifH. Gn6. 902. Hsa- 
peAaRAÍH sypaaia ^TexBHH. OCpasoBauie''. Gip. 46. 

.^ame, F.— Gtq ahbothuxi. Ouiirb RpaxRoi aooiorÍH, no AaTCROny yneÓHasy 
npo<t>. A. ^exJiepcoua. M. 902. I^. 50 k. 

Jli4m6UHCKiú^ Q. A.-~HayqeHie npHpoAU MaiHira A'bTBiiH. („BaiiHRioneAiii 
ceMefiHaro BOcnuTaHLi h o6y<[eHiii^, (bboi. XLYII). Gn6. 902. Grp. 41. U. 30 k. 

JlwůuHh-KoMypoeit^ I.— KapiuaRH coBpeiieHHofi j&ushh. Ob 37 pse. M. 902. 
I^iHa 35 Ron. 

Ua aapt.— GoH'b Bb pyRy. ^sa pascRaaa. Ob 12 pne. M. 902. I(.20b. 

MaKopenicOy A. A.— IIpoMucii RpacHofi pu6u na p. Anrapi. Gnó. 902. 

II. 75 Ron. 

MancuMoeh^ E. JI,. — yqeÓHo-noRaBaTeiBHUA MacrepcRÍn bb paxy APyrHxs 
y^esj(eBiň peifecjeHHaro oóyneHúi. Gn6. 902. 

JUflwo, FeRTopt.— Bb ceMbt. Uobíctb. Ilepes. cb ýpaHu. H* II. („Bcxoah", 
1902, J^ 12). Ob HiiK)CTpauú[iiH. Orp. 148. 

Meupaa, K.— BiJiue sasoesaTeiH Mcrchrb. Ob auri. H. Aa^OHOsoffl ^. I. 
(„Bcxoabi", 1902, J^ 16). Gn6. 902. Ob HurocrpaioaMH. Orp. 141. 

Muxfbeei^ B.— PascRasu. M. 902. I(. 60 R. 

MoiuAHHCKiúy Mhx.— MHpasRí. Ap. B'B 3 A* Kb npeAcraBieHÍK) xo8BOjeH§. 
Gn6. 902. M. 50. r. 

Mopee^^ A. A-^OqepsB ROMMepqecRofi reorpa(jl)ÍH h xo3aAcTBeHHofi CTaii- 
CTHRH Poccíh cpaBHHTeiBHo CB APyruMH rocyxapcTBaMn. BunycRB nepByff. Hax. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHKA. — jraTEPATTPHOE OBOSMHIE. 815 

cei^BHoe, vcnpaBjeBHoe no hobíSoihmi eB'i^A'^BÍJiM'b. Gn6. 902. Grp. YlII+ieO. 
H. 1 pyÓJiB. 

PjKOPOACTBO nojramecKot esoBOniir. 6-6 mjí,. CnÓ. 902. H. 2 p. 

Mopo906h, U.^MHHyiimifi Bt.Ki. JBrepaTypHEie oqepKH: Hsi HciopÍH saps- 
KaTypH.—PyccEaa iHTeparyrypa XlX-ro BtEa.— ílyinBHH-B.— Ilorr-fexHHi.— OcrpoB- 
eKÍi.—repaeBi. Cn6. 902. U. 2 p. 

Mycum-IIpmicuHih^ rp. A. A.— Him xoiXHa 5ijtb Hama cpexHeo6padÓBa- 
TeJiBTiafl HiKoia. Cn6. 902. Ctp. 44. 

Haofcueum^ Ha.— Aemesiie iioj^h. Oiepsa h pascBaau. M. 902. I(. 1 p. 

HeepatíeKiií, 6. O.^OrqerB o kombejcdpobrí ji^ir H3j?eBifl p. Rypii h osepi 
Tii<t>iHCCEofl ry6epHÍii h Kapccsoft oGjacTH. Cii6. 902. £[. 40 s. 

HeůMaůpij M., iipo(|).— ByiaaBH h aeMjerpacenia. IlepeB. ch rtM. C. IL 
^epDoaa. C-b 98 pncysKaiiH vb Teacrb b 2 sapraMB. (IIpBiom. k% sypHaJíy 
,Caiioo6pa30BaHÍe"). Cn6. 902, Cíp. 277. 

HuKOAoeeh, n.— Boapocii shsbb bi coBpeMeHBofi iHreparypi. M.902. I^. 2p. 

HoeuKoeh, A. — O cejBctto-xosa&CTBeBBurB Hys^arB Tyncsoft ry5epHÍH* 
Cn6. 902. 

OCAOMxoffh^ n.— RpaTidft yHeÓBBKi reorpa(|)ÍH. Kypci I. 0(^ifi oóaopi sen- 
Horo mapa. Hs^asie TpexBe. Ob ^lepresaMH h pacynsasra Bi Teřccrfe, ch npHio- 
xeHÍeifB Tpexi Kaprt. Cn(S. 902. Crp. 102. U,. 10 il 

OeesmtKO-KyÁUKoecKiií, Jí- H.— BonpocH ncnxojoríH TBop^ecraa. QymKBHT*. — 
refae.— rěre.— ^exoBT>. Ki ncHxojorÍH mucjib h xBop^eciBa. Cd6. 902. Utas 
1 py6. 50 Kon. 

CHBTaitcHci pyccaaro asuKa. Cn6. 902. II. 1 p. 75 a. 

OtAOÓAtim, H.— KpacBoapcaift 6yBTB. 1696—1698 rr. Tomcki. 902. 

OoteemKo^ BjHsa.— CoópaBÍe coinseBiff. Qepea. ch noiBcaaro n. p. C. O.* 3e- 
jHHCKaro. T. YIII: AproHaars. I^. sa 12 tok. 4 p. 

Chepoe^, Hb.^ npo4>.— HrorE asoBOMBqecEUiro pasBaiia XlX-ro Biaa. Cn6. 902. 

RoBAoecKOH^ P. A., A-pit. — Oqeps^ cospeMeBearo BoioaeHia ^'^jia óopbóii 
<?s 6yropiaTKo8 vh Poccíh. Co6. 902. 

IluAhUib^ 3pH.— 3aAa<{n h Bonpocii Aia HaÓjioxeBifl ORpysaE>n^eft npBpow- 
flocoóie xia Bejtenix oópaaoBaTeiBHiincB ecrecTBeBHO-HCTopBiecBHxi nporyjOK'B 
fl ^fl caMOCTOHTejiBHHxi 8aHHTÍ8 yqeHHKOB-b* IlepeB. CB hím. n. ^pefióepra. 
M. 902. n. 50 B. 

noAeeaů^ II. H.~HcTopHqecKÍe pascBaau h bob^ctb. G% 65 oparHHajBHUMK 
pitcyBS. H BnBBeTKaMH. K. jleóejteea. 2-e mjí,, A. $. Mapaca. Cn(5. 902. H. 5 p. 

nomaneuKOj H. H.— ílBecíK ^h3Bb.— ^y»ie.— Bojimeónaa CKaaaa.— JIumeH- 
Bsfi npaBi.— ByaeTB.— Ha joh* npBpojíH. (IJepaHa xpH h bocjíahíh ab* ;^o8bo- 
leHU Kb npeAcraBieHÍE)). Cn6. 902. I^. 1 p. 50 s. (CoHHBeHia H. H. Ilora- 
neHBO, T. VI). 

Ihinum, A. H.— Hcropia pyccaoa JBrepaTypií, fb íeiEipex-B TOMaxi. T. II: 
ApeBBaa BBCBMeHBOCTB.— BpeMCHa MocaoBcaoro i^apcrsa.— KaHyn-B npeoópaso- 
Baeii. Hají. 2-e, nepecMorptBBoe n AonoinenHoe. Cn6. 902. U. aa 4 TOMa— 8 py6- 
j[eff, no noABBcsi^. 

Patoauna^ 3. A— JípeBHtftmaa HCTopia BocToaa. Hcropia Xai^^ea cb or^a* 
jieHHtSmBxi BpeMeai ao BoaBumeifla AccBpÍH. C% 113 pucynaaiiB b 2 sapraiiH. 
Hba. a. ^. MapKca. Cn6. 902. Cxp. XV+422. n;. 2 p. 50 a. 

PaetfCfťift, B.--BoTaBH?ecKia dRcsypcíB. RHBsaa xia otfpaaoaaTejBBUxi Epo« 
ryjOKi (TB A*TBMH. M. 9C'2. H, 2 p. B^ nana*. 

52* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



816 maimnsíb EBPomi. 

FaicoeuKh, U.— Fpaj^ Apas^a. jl.paMaT. cofiKu m'h XVIII-ro sisa. Cii(L 
902. U. 1 p. 

Pe6hep%^ A.— RypcB dieiieHTapHofl TpHroHOMevpíH h coÓpaBie npHMipoBx b 
ynpazHeHiB. Hepes. H. Ae-SCopsiB. Hax* 3*Be. Co6. 902. II. 85 roii. 

FeUcb^ n., npo4>*— OcBOBU í^hshkh, MeTeopoioríH h MaxeiiaTHqecKofi reorpa4»iK» 

Ci hím. n. H. JlypBe-fHÓepifaBi, n. p. npoi^. Feaexyca. Ci 160 pac. Ca6. 902. 

FemHh^ 3pH.— GoÓpaHie co^HHeaifi. Ci ((^paBii. n. p. B. H. MaxatioBa. 

T. YI: I. OpoflcxoxAeBie asusa. II. ^to lasoe BanJui. III. Hcropa^ecidii crarwH* 

RíeBi. 902. n,. 8a 12 tom. 5 py6. 

FuMom^ F.— MysHKaibflHfi GiOBapB. nepeB. cb bím. B. DpreacoBa, aoooj* 
BeBBiiB pyccBBH-B (nfíbiowh, b. p. £). ^Breia. Bub. VIL M. 902. Ho boab. 6 p. 

Footcumiitíy ^. K., BpaHii sasaca apHiH.—GKeiexH xapasrepa. noByupBHt 
BCRXoiorHHecRifi OHepsi. flliTOMipi. 902. Orp. 44. I^. 50 b. 

FooKKoei^ H. A.— FopoAi b ^epeoBB vb pyccBOft BCTopiB. (KpaTsii o^ps^ 
dBOHOMBHecBoft BCTopÍB Pocci^). Cfl6. 902. CŤp. 902. Orp. 84. II. 40 B. 

FydoAb^ H.— RpaTsaH xapasTepBCTBBa pyHB£[x'B sasjíTifl vh yqeÓBHrb. 
8aBeAeBÍAXi> sa rpaBBuefi b y aaci. Gn6. 902. 

Fndwíb^ R. K.— HBOBa „HeApeiiaBBoe oso**. U. XapBS. 902. 

O XBMeBUxi^ CBBABsaxi, BocryflflBuinxi vb pacaopaseflie KoMarefa. 

BO ycrpoficTBy XII ApxeoJoni^ecBaro CBisxa. XapsK. 902. 

RpBTBKo - 6B6iiorpa4)H^ecKifl saifibTRB bo BCTopÍB H q[>xeojoría 

BCKyccTBi. XapBB. 902. 

HcTopia BCKyccTBa b pyccsia xy^oxecTBeaBUJi ApeBBOCTB. Xapbs. 902. 

Cenm^ I. A.— C<|»epH?ecBafl TparoBouerpia. DepeB. M. nqK)SBOBa. Cbó. 
902. II. 40 K. 

CoKOAoeh, C. H.— yciaBii o6'b aKdBSBHxx o6opaxx. HacxB flepBafl, Orp. 
CXVI+720.— HacTb BTopaa. Crp. 838+624. Cn6. 902. H aa o6* qacTB 5 p. 50 b., 
(Tb sepec. 6 p. 

CnacoeuKb, B. A.— CoiBBeBía. T. X. Cb6. 902. U- 2 p. 

Onacoeuvb, B. A*, b IluAhHz^ 3.— OqepeABue Boapocu bi> I](apcTBi UoibCKOVb. 
BTopoe BdiaBÍe. T. I. Cr6. 902. U;. 1 p. 

CfbpotueecKiů^ B.'IIoiBoe co6paBÍe aoBtcTefl b pascBaaoirb. T. II. M. 902^ 
UtBa 1 py6jB. 

ToMKoe^, H. H., apaTb. — Phbbb Baftiia ceiBCRo-xosflficTBeBBuxi paóo^BXb 
Ba Drb Poccifl, bi caBSTapsoMi OTBomesiB, a Bpa«ie6flo-BpoAOBOibCTBeHBU6 
flysETH. Bbib. 1: BpaqeÓBo-BpoAOB. ByBKTu AiH npHuuuxi pačoHBxs B'b XepcoB, 
EKaTepHBoci.» CaMapcB., CaiiÓBp. b ap- ry6. Cn6. 902. 

TcAemoeiy H.~B'kiaB iiafljfl. Caassa. Ci HJUDcrpaiiiiiVB. M. 901. II. 25 b. 

Elisa Mbtpbhb. 03x sbbbb cbÓbpcbhxi BepeceieBAeBb. Ob BjuDcrp* 

M. 901. U. 25 K. 

Tpecne, I., h CnaccKiů, B.— RpaTRoe pyBOBOXCTBO kb yxo^y sa KovBaxHiíMfl 
pacieBÍaiiB b ycrpoBciBy iibítbabobi bi AOuamBBxi ab^biixi ca^axi b baib- 
caxHHKaxi. M. 902. I^. 1 p. 25 b., bi BaoRi. 

TpouHKiií^ B. n.— BjÍBflie RasesHofi npoAasB bbbb bb 5jarococTOBBie bb- 
ceieBiii Bi 35 Ty6epfliflX'B, vb 1898 r. Tomcri. 902, 

TpyóemcM^ KB. O.— MaTepiaiH J^sl 6iorpa4)iH rb. B. A. HepRaccRaro. T. L 
Rb. B. a. HepRaccRÍfl fl ero yqacrie wb pasptmealB RpecTBBHCRaro Boapoca. 
HepenacRa cb D. 6. CaMapBBUMi, A. H. Rom&ieBUinb, (L G. ARcaROBUMi a np.» 
H^ ApxBBa RH. ^epRaccRaro. RflHra 1-b. M. 902. U. 2 p. 50 k. 

0aMbee^^ H. O.— I^íja BOBBCRaro BaRasaflÍB. Cb6. 902. !(. 3 py6. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHKA. JHTEPAXyPHOE OBOSMHIE. 817 

0íuadeAb^ roAyÓoú. 3aiioEi AOBapcTBa ii iio6bě, IIodMa. Ha KásKasi. Cn6. 
^02. Orp. 32. U. 15 K. 

UaúKoecKtú, M.-atH3BB DeTpa BLjbhw HaflKOBCKaro. T. III. 1885—1893. 
Bunjcn XX. Cxp. 241—320. M. 902. 

9«xa4eMiro, £.— Po3MOBe npo ceJBCica xosaIctbo. 2-a KHHSRa. Gn5. 902. 
I^-^na 6 KOfl. 

Mapanoeiy Cepribfl.— Co^hhchíh. Biin. 20 (t. VÍI). ypoaafl. M. 902 II. 30 k. 

JUeputůHeewn, L—Y^eónuiLb pyccsaro rpas^aHCKaro npasa. 4-e hja- KasaHB. 
902. U. 5 p. 

I^e%M>eumo9^, G. F.— DpHJoaLeBie eo BTopoMy nsAaBÍio Topo^OBoro Qojio- 
-xeaiiL 1892 roAa. QoBoe pocnucaHíe KBapTHpeurb osia^OBi xi^ bohhckhxi hh- 
HOBi H Bp. HsA* Beo(|)<|>HiUaiBHoe. Cn6. 902. Cíp. 36. !{. 25 k. 

— Le chemin de fer Trans-Alasca-Sibérien. Extrait da Rapport de M. 
l'mtendant militaire Pavot Paris. 902. Cíp. 17. 

Bosehberg-Lautensack.—Ber Hofrath erzfthlt Mtlnchen. 902. Crp. 188. 
Vuibert, H.— La Reformě de Penseignement secondaire en France. Par. 902. 

— BoáiioTeKa, cocTOJin;a£ noA'^ aBrycriífiniHiii iiospoBiTeibCTBom Ea Be- 
jRHecTBa rocyiapHHH BifnepaTpHiiu AieKcaHApu GeoAopoBBii IIoneHHTeiBCTBa 
o xoMaxi TpyAoiif)6ia h pa6oTHHxi AOMaxi. Cn6. 902. Crp. 115. 

— reojorRHecKÍfl BSďfeAOBaHía bi soiotohochbixi oCiacraxi Ch6hpb. £he- 
<^ficKͧ BOiOTOflocHufi pafioBi. BunycB^B III. Ci KapToft. Cn6. 902. Orp. 31 . 
U. 65 Kon. 9 

— riaBflifimia npCABapHTeiBHiu a&bheui nepeuHCH r. Mockbh 31 hub. 1902. 
EnnycRii I. MoesBa. 902. Orp. 35. 

— FoAOBofi OTierb Biicoqafime yrBep^Aesnaro 2 mba 1869 roAa OCn^ecTBa 
j(jB pacnpocrpaHeHia cb. IlHcaHis bi» Poccíh sa 1901 toai. Gii6. 902. Orp. 92+XI. 

— ' AaBBHii o poABBmHxcfl H ópataxi bi Mockbí^ aa 1901 r. CocraBjeHO Mo- 

"CKOBCRHVl CTOJlUHHIIMli H ryÓepHCBHMB CTaXHCTHqeCKHlTb KOMBTeTOMl. MoCKBa. 

902. Cíp. 24. 

— AeBiiTuB roAOBOft orqerb MocsoBCSofi ropoxcaofi cagerapHofi CTafliiiH aa 
1900 roA'B, noKh peA. npo<|). O. O. ByOaoBa. MocEsa. 902. Orp. 174*241. 

— AemeBafl Bsóiioresa: J^ 348. M. H. 3arocBifHa: RysBiia Pomafli, bob. 
H;. 10 K. Té 349. Benepi Ba Xonpi. I^. 12 k. J\& d5a Bp^Hcsifi Mch. I^. 30 s. 
J^ 351. Dpifl MnJiocjaBCKi8, pon. II. 25 k. Jé 352. PocjaBJeBi. H;. 25 r. J^ 353. 
AcBoibAOBa noniia. n. 30 r. 0u6. 902. 

— BeujB H ea aiBSflB. OÓmeAoeTyaBHa RBHacRH, n. p. A. HBaaoBCRaro: 
1) Bi^uHfi cflin B Jiex'b, G. AHHcaiiOBa. 2) OoiBiie, O. GaEMaaofi. M. 901. 

Do 10 ROO. 

— HsBtoía BocTonaro HBCTHTyra, n. p. A. IIosAHieBa. T. II, bud. lY-fi. 
BiaAHBocTOK^. 901. 

• — KBBra pascEaBOBi h cr^xoTBopeHÍft. M. 902. I(. 1 p. 25 s. 

— RpaTBiŠ oóaopi AiareibHOCTu ncAarora^ecRaro Mysea BoeBHO-y<t66flHx% 
BaBeAeBifi sa 1900—1901 r. (TpBAHaTB - nepBtifl oósopi). Gn6., 9C2. Grp. 179. 
II. 50 R. 

— RpaTRÍa cnpaBo^flHa CBiAtaia o h'^rotop£1xb pyccKHxi xoaaficTBaXB. 
EaA* BTOpoe. Bunycxi ipefiĚ. (Hsa* mhb. 8eHjeA'^ia h rocyA* BMyn^.). Ga6» 902. 
Orp. X + 518. 

— HoBufi BOAflufi saROBB. PyROBOACTBo, CB npHioseBíeifB Texcra saRoaa 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



818 BftOTHHirL BBFOnU. 

20 Ma£ 1902 r. CocraBHjH BHaB.-arpoBoiii C. JI. Korapcsífi h noM. npHC noBÍp» 
M. B. XjeBHBCBÍĚ. Gb6., 902. Crp. 46. U. 75 b. 

— OmeTb OčBiecTBa no ycTpoIcTBy BapoABUxi ^xeflil vb r. T«m5obí h 
TaiíCoB. ryóepHÍB sa 1901 r. Tauó. 902. 

— On&rb OxeccKofi ropoAcsoii ynpaBU sa 1901 r. no sapoAflOvy oCpasoBa- 
bíd. 902. 

— Onerb o AiaTeitBOCTH oómecTBa „AircKaíi noMomb" sa 1901 rorb. Cn6* 
902. Cíp. 62. 

— • OrqeTi o A'i^TeJ[i>B0CTB XapBKOBCBofi bombbccíh no ycrpoficTBy aapox* 
Buxi HTeBift sa 1901 r. XapbK. 902. 

— OrqeTb o cociobbíh BanajbBaxi aapoApurb yqBaum ApaHCKaro yisia 
BaTCEofi ryóepBÍB sa 1900—1901 yq. roA^ Barita- 902. 

— OTHeii o c'B'l3A'fe yqBTeiefl b y«iBTeiBBH]i'B BapoABuxi y^EiBBii ABBepif. 
yÍ3Aa, Beccapaó. ry6. Ox. 902. 

— Orqerb oencioBsod Kaccii BOibnonaeMBiixi ciysan^axi no KaaeHBot npo- 
WBsA BHiefi sa 1900 roA'B. llepBHA oTHeinuA roAi*. ^acTbL0T9erbct>BBaHC0BHfi» 
Crp. 58. H. II. y^pesA^BÍe naccH, očsopi ea A^BTeibEOCTB u cbíaíbíb o6% yqacr- 
HBKaxi. Cíp. 77. Cn6., 902. 

— Ornerb PiisaBCsaro oÓn^ecTBa ycipoftcTBa napOABUXb pasBie^eHÍi sa 
1901-1902 r. Pas. 902. 

— OqepeABue BonpocH BiIlapcTBi UojbCKOMii. Brniii b BSCiiAOBaBla bqav 
pexasaieio B. CnacoBB^a h 3. HBJbiia. Biopoe BSAaaie. ToM'b L Cn6., 902. 
Cíp. Vil + 261. n. 1 p. 

— namiTBaji RHosuca TeaBmeBcsaro yqBXBn^a vb G.-Uerepóyprt sa 1900—01 
yqeÓBiifi roAi. FoAb I-ui. Cnó. 902. 

— BepMCKafl ry6epBÍA wh cejbCBO-xosiiicTBeBBOMi OTBomesiu. Bunycsv 
iperifi. 1902 roAi. Ok EapTorpamioi). Hsa. craTBCiHqecKaro OTA^JeBía IlepMCKoA 
ryóepflcsoi sencxofi yDpaBU. Ilepiib, 902. Crp. 50. 

— IIojTaBCKoe yisABoe seMCTBo.*-OxieTi> no BapoABOMy oópasoBaHio sa 

1901 r. OoiT. 902. 

• Onen> o MiponpiaTÍnxi no coa'^íctbíi) dsoBOBBqecKoiiy 6iarococTOi- 

HÍD BaceiesiB sa 1901 r. Uojt. 902. 

— npBpoAa B XH)AB Poccíb. OÓmeAOcrynBNB bbbskb, n. p. A. A. HnaBOB- 
CBaro: 1» Octbbb, A. JioópnBOBoi. 2) JKfliejH KaBKasa:AB^iiH. A. Coxoaobbb- 
soBa. 3) iflByTH B 10% cxpaBa^E. PoMaAOBOBCKofi. 4) BoxasH, M. KaiaeBa. 5) By- 
pjiTU, H. BecejoBCBoi. 6) HyKiB, H. flBbmBBOBa7)npH6aiTÍIcKitt apafi, H. Dh- 
paMBAOBoft. 8) CaMotAU, E. IIojTopaBOsofi. 9) Ruprasii, 3. Byxb(i»coB'b.lO)Allyp- 
C]Lifi ^aft H BamB nepeceieBuu, £. BaqeciaBCBoft. M. 902. Ilo 10 soo. 

^ nyreBOABTeib no OKpecTHOCTXiii CHerep^ypra. OÓpasosaTeibaHn a*^ 
CBÍB uporyjBB. CocraBjeBi spyssoMi yqamnxi bi naqajbBUxi BapoABHxi jhbt 
XBUiax'b r. C^-DeTepCypia. reorpa4>BqecBifi naTepiaii pexahxupoBaHi upeooA. 
H. H. MBxafiJOBUMi). Cx KaptaMB, njasanB b pac bi TeBcri. HsAaaie Topoji- 
CBofl Rovmbccíh no aapoAsovy oÓpasoBaaiK). Cn6. 902. I^. 75 xon. 

— CeJbCEo-xosiificTBeBHaa xposaxa XepcoBciofl ry6epBÍB sa sBVBÍfl nepio;ib 
(Aesaópb 1901 h bbb.— (i)eBp. 1902). XepcoBV 902. Qrp. 65. 

— CTaTBCTBHecsiA CCopBBKi no .BpociaBCBOĚ ryÓepBÍB. Bhb. 11. ^poci. 

1902 r. 

— TpyAu OOmecTBa pyccBBxi» Bpaqefí b% ^C.-nerepóyprib, cb npBxoxeBiaik 
npoTOKOJOBi sactABBifi OÓu^ecTBa sa 1901—1902 r. II. p. M. ^eibi^OBa. .9bb.-* 
4ÍeBp., Maprb— Haf. Foxh 69-ufi. Gn6. 902. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



ZPOHHKA. — JHTEPÁTyPHOE 0B03MHIE. 819 

^ TpyxH 1-ro Ob^xa yHaii;HX'B h no^6THUx'B ómcTRTeiei mEOJ'B CH6up- 
CBoi xax. xoponi vh r. Tomcbí. Tomcbi. 902. 

— TpyxH OómecTBa pycciuixi BpaieM wh G.-]IeTep6yprft, cb npEJioxemem 
npoTOKOJioBi 3acb(aHÍ& OómeciBa sa 1901 — 1902 roAi. EŠeiiicii^Hufi isypHaJ^, 
H8AaBaeMHA uoKh pe^. A-pa M. M. ^eiBiioBa. Hojiópb— A^Eaópb. To^-h 69-iifi. Cn6. 
902. Crp. 107—263. 

— TpyAU no dKcnepímeHTaiLBoff oeAaroraqecKofi ncHxoioriu cjiyDiaTe.ie8 boo 
naraTeiBHiixi KypcoFL npH IleAaroni^eGKOMi Mysei B0ii>H0-y?e6Hux% saBeseoiĚ. 
D. p. A. n. He<iaeBa. Sun. 2-ě. Ob LXXXV laÓJ. Fb Tescrb. Gn6. 902. £[. 60k. 

— THCA^a-AesaTLcoTb-BTopoA roAi bi ceibCBo-xosiiAcTBeHHoirb oTHomeniM, 
no oiBtraiiXy nojyHeHBHMi ot-b xosjíeBi. Bun. I'u II: CocTOJiHie xjí6obb bb 
Hanarfe Maa h Tpasi b% cepeAHHt ÍK>Hfl.— I^tea na paóonia pysH. Cn6. 902. 

~ XosutcTBeBflo-craTHCTH^ecidft oósopi y<t»HMCBotf ryóepflíB sa 1900—1901 
roxk- Marepiajiu no Tesymei CTaiBCTHsi sa 1900—1901 xod^ftcrseHiaid roA>. 
XoxB yi. Bun. II. HsA* y<t)BMCB0Í ry6epHCK0Ě ynpaBU. y(t»a. 902. Crp. III + 
63 + 483. H 1 p. 25 K. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



820 BMTHHBrE EBPOmi. 



HOBOCTH HHOCTPAHHOfl AMTEPATYPy 



Gustav Frenssen. „loro Uhl". Crp. 524. Berlin, 1902. (G. Grote'8 Verlag). 

McKOJiBKo micAUfiiífb TOMy HasaAi, Buineji7» wb cbíti nÍMeipcit po- 
MaHi iroA^ sarjiaBÍeBTB: „IepH'E 7jil", Majio HSB^kcTHaro npeac^e raca- 
Tejifl, PycTasa ^pencena, h cpaav HirkrB BUAaronuficA ycir]^x'B. IlepBut 
EpHTHEi, oÓpaTHBmiň Ha Hero BHHMaHie, Óujii, Kapjx Bycce, nocBATHB- 
mii eny BocTopseHEjK) CTaTLH) bi „Tag^, a bcji'^^'^ sa hhitb h KpH- 
THRa, H ny6jiHRa CTaiíH e^BHO^yinHO yBjreKaTBCJi npoHSBeAemeirB hobo- 
oTKpHTaro TajiaHTa. 9totl ycnixi rbirh 6oj6e SHaMeHaTejeFB, tto po- 
MaHi ^peHcena 6e3KOHeHHo ^aJieR^b h otb cjian^aBOĚ nonMOCTH, Koropaji 
TaRi HpaBHTCA H'bHeirRoft nyfijiHKi, h otb BCARaro pojna „hobhxi" Te- 
^eHifi, KOTopua rocnoACTByron TenepL bi jiy^ineft tocth JwrepaTypH. 
Rb Bewb wÍTb HH HHi^meaHCTBa, hh ncHxojioríH acTeTH^ecRH yTOH^en- 
HHXíi Haxyp^, hítb OTRpoBenifl hoboů Mopajra, — hítb HHRaROĚ <{>hj[0- 
co<j[)ÍH, RpoM'b TOŽ, ROTopaa BUTeRaeTB H31 BHHMaxejibHaro, HCRpeHHHrO K 
BAyMqHBaro HsyqeHia npocToS aHSHH. Ycnixíi poMana „lep^b Yjib" ne o6y- 

CJOBJieH'B, TaRHHl OÓpSSOWb, HH CeHCaiÚOHHOCTBK), HH CX^AOBaHieiTB HO- 

BUiTB jrarepaTypHinrB MO^aiTB, a oCxacnaeTca HCRJio^HTejíBHO qHCTO- 
xyAOsecTBeHHUMH j^ocTOHHCTBaicH poMana. 

„IepHi> Yjib'' saAyMaHT* o?eHB niHpoRo: na npoTAseHÍH 6ojrbe 500 
CTpaHHiTB npocTpaHHo H noApoÓHO pascRasana cy^BÓa AByrB óoíhnarb 
ceMeň, HJH, B^pnie, AByxi poAOB'B, cocTaBj[flK)ni;HX'B Hacejienie hícrojib- 
RHx-B jíepeBeHB bi TojiniTHHiH, nocTeneHHHft yna^ORB h pasopeme no- 
T0MR0B'B B03ropAHBmarocA óoraTaro po^a h BosBumenie sH3Hecnoco6- 
Huxi, ycTofi^HBHxi, TpyAflo^HXCJi H 3HaK)ni;HX'B 2CH3HB HOTOHROBib ;q[)y- 
roro. Il'&[ufi pfl;^ thuh^hiix^b <j[)Hryp% HSOÓpasoH^ vb pOMaH^, h CHia 
aBTopa 3aRj[H)^aeTCH b7» yM^HBt ocAsaxejBHO h apRO npejg^CTaBHTB cjjíjbóu 
jiiDAeĚ, BHHRaTB B'B npH^HHu na^eHífi H no;^eMa ^ejfOB^^ecRoň xyniH h 

HSBJeRaTB MyApOCTB aRHSHH H3'B Ha6jIlDA0HÍA HpOCTOŽ X^CTBHTOJIBHOCTH. 

Ho MaHep'b ESJíoseniA „Iepfi'B yjB*^ npHMURaerB r^b .lynniHirB peajHCTH- 
^ecRHMi poManaiTB; vb newb octb JI^HRReHcoBCRaa HpoHia wh Hsoópase- 
híh rpycTHUxnb sH3HeHHiíX'B ROHTpacTOBi, HO OFB ^ysu^i ceHTHireHTajiB- 
HOCTH Jl^HRReHca: ^penceHTi HHRor^a ne sepxByerB xpesBoS upa^xot 
paj(H ^yBCTBHTejiBHux'B 34)(()eRTOBi. HÍROTopuH M^^CTa vb poMaHi Ha- 



Digitized by VjOOQI( / 



XPOHHSA. — HOBOCTH HHOOTPAHHOfi JHTEPATyPH. 821 

noMHHavTB Manepy JI. H. Tojctofo no 3RH3HeHHod onpeA'&ieHHOCTH h apsofi 
njiacTHHHOCTH xapaRTepoBT» H no ncnxojiorH?ecBOi npoHHBHOBeHHocTH, 
coeAHBeHHoft (tb 6ojBinofi npocTorofi. Ho, Bwbcrb Cb t£m%, y ^pencena 
MHoro BnoJHt HHjiHBH^iyaiBHaro. TasoB-B npeasAe BCero jupHsirB ero po- 
nana, CBflsaHHiit cfb ero novrH^ecsoň jd6obbd vb noTOi, kb npHpo^i 
H JD^HiTB ero poAHHu — FojonTHHiH. OnHcaHÚi ;(epeBHH, hícthhxb o6h- 
^aoBi H npasxHecTBB npoHHBHyTU Heo(>UBHOBeHHo& CBiiacecTBi) H nod- 
siefi. JlHpHsirB ^eHcena esadUBaercfl TaR»e bb h&bhomb H9oOpaseHÍH 
saposAaDmarocji ^lyBCTea' jidÓbh nesAy mojtoaumb ^icbByinRaifH h k)ho- 
maMH TOĚ npocToi cpe^u, Boropyv) obb oiracusaeTB. Uoja Tefise, rb 
Bane^aTaBHOHB HejiaBHO dhcbhí kb aBTopy „lorn Uhl^, o^bhb sipHo 
OTM^^aerB dry lepry Tajianra ^poHcena: „bh oÓJia^aere oootíHMB 
yMiaBeMB*', — roBopHTB ohi, — „HeoÓURHOBeHHo o6ajiTejbHO HsoópasaTB 
cepAeHHoe c6^HaeHÍe jnoóamHxi". Kb ocoÓeHHOCTirirB TaJiaHTa $peH- 
eena othochtca TaBse ero MomHUfi, BupasHTejiBHHft asubb, ero yirbHBe 
c»aTO npeAcraBHTB BHor^a Ha o^Hoft crpaeintt u^&tryi) qeJOB^^ecKyio 
cyAB6y, a rasse yfitjmreuiBHocTB h hojcbomb ero nponoBtj^eft Tpy^a h 
^iHCTofi »H3HH. SÍBhíKh ^eHcesa BinirpHBaerB bb cHjrb h Bpacor^ ÓJiaro- 
^apfl yiiijoMy o6pameHÍK) cb vbcTHHVB nap&^ieMB (Plattdeutsch), h8b 
soToparo 0B% saHMCTByerB ho a^xt^KTHHfl cjroBeqisH, a KopenHUfl h xa- 
paKTepeuji Biipasema, oqeeB yiťbjío nepenjreTax vkcTEUŘ ^aajieBTB cb 
o6incHOBeHHOĚ Htneii^icoĚ pb^íhB bb ^uajioraxB BíSofipasaeiiurB hmb mi- 
BiTHHCKHXB KpocTBflHB. Bb dTOMB OTHomeHÍB OHB ropas^^o 6ojrbe coójay- 
j^eTB ^ryBCTBO wkpu, ^fbM%, Hanp., raynTHaHB, h^rotopha xpsMu bo* 
Toparo HanHcaHti cnjoiuB Ha CHjescBOMB Hap^^ h Tpe6yiDTB nepoBo^a 

Ba oOUBHOBeHHUĚ H%MeKBÍft BSUKh. 

ÁBToprB poMana „lepHB Yjo*^ — nacTopB, ypoasenei^ toě rojramiHiH, 

KOTOpyi) OHB TaSB JIK)60BHO OUHCUBaOTB B% CBOHXB npOHBBeAeHÍilXB. OhB 
-pOWMSl BB AepeBH* BapJBTB, BB IMRHOMB JÍHTMapni*; OTOITB ero — CTO- 

juipB. nocj['b o^OHB cqacTJiHBaro A^TCTBa, npoBeAeHHaro bb a^P^shí, 
OHB BOH^HJTB BypcB rHMHasÍH BB Fysyifi, a noTOMB npomejiB yHHBop- 
cHTercBift sypcB bb FerTHHreHt h BepjiHHt, Hsy^aa 6orocjiOBÍe. Bb na- 
cnonmfie BpeMfl ohb saHHvaeTB mí^to nacropa y ce6u na pojinat, bb 
cejri remrb, co^erafl nacTopcBÍfl oÓJisannocTH cb nHcaTejiBCBOĚ xta- 
TejiBHOCTBD H Be;ía — no oTSHBy nocin^aBniHXB ero JiD^et— choboShiií, 
c^acTjniBHJt oópasB «h3hh, cpe^H cbohxb npnxosaHB, OBpysenHiifi pa- 
jíjmBoi H 6oApoň ceMBeft. RpoM'6 senu h xbret, npn hoitb sHBerB 
crapHBB orei^, 6iiBnrifi crojiAprB, CHJBHuft, yMHuň, paCoranói hojobí^bb, 
HanoMHHaDmjĚ THnH^Hsir (t^nrypii rojnnTHHCBHXB RpecTBanB bb HpoHs- 
Be;(eHÍjancB cBoero cuna. dra npocTaH h cB^Jiafl SHSHeHHaH oÓcraHOBBa 
oi^CHAeiB aTMoc4)epy poManoBB ípeHcena, bb ocoCeHnocro „leprt 

Yjh", bb BOTOpOMB OCTB MHOFO aBT06Í0rpa(j[)HHeCBHXB ^OpTB. 9tO — BHHTa, 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



822 B^OTHHKB EBPOmi. 

npoHHKHyrafl nporecTaHTCRHiťB jíjxowh, nponoB^ABK) cypoBoň Mop&iH, 
Tpyj^a, cHHpeHifl nepoA^B cyxbóoi h HcnojiHemfl AOJira. Tepoft poMaas, 

lépffB Jjlhy Vb xbl!CTB% rOTOBflCb Vb K0H<t^Upifai4H, HOHEMaeTb pejHiii) 

TOJbBO RaB'B pflA^B npasTHqecBHXi npaBHJi shshh; EBaHrade CBo^HTca 
jíjui Hero TOJBBO Kb nponoB^AH xpy^a, xpesBocTH h yM^sbA ^ecTHo h 

A06pOCOBÍbCTHO CnpaBJflTBCA Cb CBOHMH XÍJISME, BdOOJTÍ^J^CTBÍH MOpaJTB 

ero paciQHpAeTca — ohi HaHHHaerB noHHMaTs 6e3KopucTHoe OTHomeme 
Kb JiK>jsAVb, HayqaeTCA npHHHMaTs éesnb ponora cxpa^anie h „oópasyerb 
cbqk) Aymy^, AoxoAfl ao bucoboA ryiiaHHOcTH h ao nojHaro npHVHpeHifl 

Cl SH3HbK). Ho TOXbBO dTa ^eJlOWb^eOíBía CTOpOHa XpHCTÍaHCTBa ÓJHSBE 

eicy, H Ha btoicb oh'b Tsep^o ctohti, OTBepran cjiHinsoH^b oTBjeqeHHui 
AJfl Hero cnnpHTyajiHdifB EBaHre^ia. H^efl KHHrn cbo^htca bib Tony, 
?To6u noKasaTb, Rairb Bb BocnpÍHmHBoi Aynit oópasyerca cpe^H Tpy^a, 
CTpaAanifi h HeH3($toRux^ HCKymeHÍA h na^eHilt Btpfloe oTHomeHie Kb 
SHSHH, H Eas^b AOCTH»eHÍe HpaBCTBeHHara paBnoBiciin hphuochtb mhitb 
H r;ry6oRoe c^acTBe, KajcoBu 6u hh ówiii bhíhihííí oGcToaTejiBCTBa. 
MucJTB 3Ta oqeHb npocTa^, ho Tainb KBXb ^penceH^b ne BUCKasuBaerb 
ee wb BHA$ HpaBoyHeHla, a ona caxa co6o& xxBCTByeTB Hai ero dnones 
TpyAOBoň H TJUsejioA shshh, to ona CTaHOBETca apaayMHTejibHOŽ, sas^ 
caMa AMcTBHTejibHocTb. DoBicTBya o iiHoroiHCJieHBraxi nenajibBuxb 
CTopoflax'b SH8HH, ^peHceHib, oAHaso, MeH!be Bcero necoBMHCTGb. Haapo- 
THB'b Toro, wb cHjiy CBoero ii;:kibBaro HpaBCTBeHnaro iripocoBepiiaHia, owb 
oqeHb cwbiJio h 6oApo othochtca Kb sh3hh« ne CHHTafl sjio óesHao^ez- 
HUieb; 0H'b B^pHTb B^b anjiy HejiOBt^ecRHX'b crpeM^efliA Kb Ao6py h vb 
HpaBCTBeHHyK) iio6^jí,Y Ao6pa. Guucjrb KHHrn BiucHaercH yse na nep- 
Boft cTpaHHiJ^i poMana, b-b RopoTROirb BOTymr^ÍH, onpejic^flAnieirB 
mrjíaAb asTopa na cTpaj;aHifl h pa^ocTH »h8hh. dxa cxpaHHi^ o^enb 
xapaBTepHa; mu ee npHBOAHifb h Kas^ o6f asmsKb MaHepu ^pencesa, . 
H RaKi onpeA^jeHÍe aa^ann, nocTaBjenHoň h Ójecxanie BunojHeHHoS vb 
poMani: 

„Mh óyAeM* roBopHTb b-b 8T(^ KHHri, — DHineirB ípenceffB, — o rop* 
H TpyA*. He o TasoifB ropt, BaBoe 6ujo y nHBOBapa Sm& ToprcaHa, 
ROTopufi o6iniaji'B yrocTHTb cboex'b nocbTHrejreS oco6eHHO xopoDie& 
puóofl, H He cMorb cjiepsaTB cJOBa, or^ero sarpycTHjrb h yixan Kb 
QIjieaBHrB. H ho o to&tb ropt mu ójji.ewb roBopHTb, RaRoe HcnurajTE 
óoiUTuA specTbJfHGRiJt cuwb, caycTHBHiiS Kb ojífiwb Mtcai^ Bcb on^OB- 
críji AeEbrH, TaR^b RaRi ho ir&iuM%» AHHM'b ópocaj^B cepeÓpHHUii mo- 
HeTU Kb npyA^. Mu o Toirb rop'b Óy^eirb HHcaTb, Roropoe Hiri^a 
Kb BHAy CTapynma Beficraapb, roBopji o cbohx'b BocbifepEucb ai^tíixb: 
Tpoe wďb HHxi wie»ajiH na EJia^^HHit, oAHH^b Ha xb^ CtBepnaro nopfl, 
a ocTajbHUJBí ^leTBepo Kb AnepHRi^, upH^ieMi ABoe yaie mhofo jrkrb nepe- 
CT&iH efi HHcaTb. R o Toň 8a6oTÍ, na ROTopyK) cŠTOsajrb Fepb J^ooae, 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHKA. — HOBOCTH HBOCTPAHHOft JHTEPAXyPH. 823 

Bor^a, aa TperiĚ j^ohl noaii 6htbu npH Fp^Bejorr^ owh ne mopb yne- 
peTB, xoTA y Hero 6ujia fb cjnssb yaKacHaa pana. 

„H xoTfl MU Haiii^peHU roBopniB o cTOJib ne^iajibHUKi h Óesea^es- 
Hux-B, no MH^HÍD MHOPHXi, co6uTÍarE, Bce^se MU 6oApo npHcryoaeirB 
KB nHcaHti) 8T0Ě EHHPH, noTOMy HTO MU Ha^^Mca ooKasaTL, qxo TpyA:b 
H ne^ajB Bcixi JiK^^efi ee HanpacHu''. 

IIocjí dToro cepBesaaro BCTyojieHia, HawHaeTca »H8HeoiiHcaHÍe 
repoji, HanojiHflDmee bck) KHHry. ^hshb ero aBxopi noroMy cHHraeTB 
AOCToftHofl onHcaHia, hto, npH Bcež cfioeS npocTOTi^ h Heaspa^HocTH, 
ona He npomja rja^RO, a cocToajia nofh MHona'B saÓjysAeHiS u Hcna- 
bíě, h jihoib nosAHO npiBaia kb rapMOHÍH; »h3HB dra 6ujra B^yM^HBoň 
H co3HaTejn»floft, nocToanHo oópan^ennoA bo BHyxpb, h norony Bce, ht5 
BTB HeS cjiyiaioeb, THnE^Ho h noy«iHTejBHO ji^ía bcíx'b, Hiuyiii;HX'B npaBAU. 
IIoBd^BOBaHÍe HaHHHaeTca cb onHcaHÍa Mja^eflqecTBa lepsa Yjia, cuna 
6oraTaro BpecTBaHHHa Kjiayca Ym. Poicb YjieĚ o^eHB BaniRB; owb 

BCKOHH SHBerB H DpOIVS^TaOTB B'B FOJUnTHHCBOfi AepeBH'b BeHTAOp<trB 

H oKpysaDn^eĚ mí^cthocth. Ha necoiHincB Aiosaxi*, no 6jui3octh otb 
dTHx^B Aep6BeHB» SHEOTB Apyrofi poA'B, Kpeif, Hapo^i npeAnpiHMHHBuA, 
jyKaBuň H ToproBuii; y hhx'b hítb seMJiH, sarb y Yjieů, h noTOMy ohh 
saHHMaDTCA ToproBjeĚ, pa3B03HrL n^OTRH H pasHiiA MejEÍň TOBapB no 
j^epeBHiíMi, seLBMcsiTh OTh óovHJUx-h Yjeň, ho oTHocaica bt» mufB aio6Ho, 
crpaAB^ (yn> ex^b BUCOKOMtpia. Yjuí bcí chji^ts wb CBOHXib 6oraTUX'B 
yHacj[ÍAOBaHHux'b ABopax^B, nBflHCTByDTB, TxjmxTCH HB^ii KpeavH H 663- 
pascyAHO TpaT^Ti cboh AOCTaTRH. CaMBiň BucoBOMipnuň h óesnyTHuft 
H9B Bcix^B yjeft— KiaycB, KOToparo soByn „sopoJieMi BeHTjíi;op4)a''. Oitb 
TBRTB ropA^B, qxo npH pacnaarb c^ paÓowMH, h ^aae Kovm 6My nysno 
DJíaTHTB 6ojihmui cyMMu, OHB Bcer^a BUHHMaeTB abhbfh npaMo h3'b 
SHJieTHaro sapMEsa, ^to6u nosasaTB, ao ^lero eMy ^enirn hh no^evi. 
Oh'b npoBOAirrb apoMa b'b ubHEcsvk, nojieoMi 6edA'bjb'b h ^acro 'bsAHrs 
vh ropoA^; b'b dTOM^B — Hec^cxie h ero, h Apyrax^ qjenoBib o6mHpHoft 
ceMbH YseŘ. Bcb ohh cTaHOBaTCH Ao6uqeň jobkhx% ÓHpseauxgb jifkjib" 

HQVb, KOTOpibie JIBCTarB HXI BUCOBOMtpiD, 3anyTUBaiDT:B HXB B1^ paSHUfl 

A&ia H paaopaiorB BXb. Bi poMant padCKasuBaeTCH o nocrenenHOM^ 
na^eBÍH 6oraTux'B iq>ecTBaHCBHX'b abopobb vh BeHTAopcirb, T.-e. o pa- 
8opeHÍH Bcix'B YjeŘ H rjiaBHUM'B o6pa30Mi» lUayca, nepecTaBmaro sa- 
6oTHTBCfl o seMjA H npe^aBuiarocfl paaryjiy. Kpen, HanpoTHB'B Toro, 
npoABÍTaK)TB — ^no xpaňHefl M'bp'6 MHoiie hs^ ubx'b; ohh npasTHHHu, 
KonflTB A^HBrH H aar^Mi 6ojiBBieft qacTBD dMHrpHpyK>'rb b^ ÁMepHKy, 
a. noTOMXi BosBpan^aDTca h HOBynaB[)TB seMJD paaopHBniHxca y^efi* Y 
Envb, HeHMyHpTX'B, CH^Ha jao6oBb Kb ^eujii, H B(A Hxi MBiCJTH HanpaB- 
jroHU Ha TO, ^To6u ctbtb oo^M^mh EpecTBanaMH. 

y lUayca Yjia xpH cuHa nonuH b^ ori^a, TyneflACTByK^TB, nbDTB h 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



824 , MOTHHBIb EBPOmi. 

ycBopaioTB vEÓBJíh OTUfii. OAHH^b TOJi&Ko, ^eTBepTHž, poAHjefl sasi 6h 
AJUfl Toro, wro6u HcxyiiHTb rptxH CBoero ceMeiCTBa h BoscraHOBHTb tas- 
KHiTB Tpy^íoirETO, ^TÓ DoryÓHJiH ero orei^^ h 6paTbA. 9to — lepHi ^jb, 
maAmifi chh% — repož poMaea; ero MaTb— THxaji, tí^ib^Hafl seHoíHHa — 
poAoiTb H3'B jtajieicaro jtcHoro cejieHiii; ona—cecrpa qyxaRa-BpecTbaHHHa 

ThCR, KOTOpUĚ CHAHTB Wb CBOeiTB fH^A^ H coejpxBňeTh HeifCBOpeHHVyD 

jívyóoBh vb po^^HOMy n^CTy cb nocTOHHHUMH ()>aHTadia]fH o AajeBHTB 
nyTemecTBÍAX'E. Bdb bth nyTemecTBÍa ohx cosepinaeiib y ce&i bi sou- 
Earb, oÓBtmaHHoň reorpa4)H'9ecRH]ni Bapraioi h darpoMos^eHHOĚ bbh- 
raMH o pasHuxi tiyTeniecTBÍHX'E. Thcb HHBorAa ne pibmajicfl chatka 
ci vbcTa, Aaase ^to6u no'bxaTi> vh FaiiÓyprB, ho oh'b THXb xopomo 
HsyqHJTB AifepHRy h Hhjph), no pa3HU]n» BHHrairB, qTO MUCJieHHO 2Bk- 
BeTb B% AOJOEHxi Kpaiix'b* Ero cecrpa ne Morja y3BHTi»CA vb ceicbi 
Yjieň. Ee HOAaBjrAJTB 6e3iiyTHHfi, ^ys^ufi eft no jiyxy Myarb; nepnus 
A'6th — To»e ^sía ;(jfl nen. IIoToirb oHa npocHyjacL kb caifocTOATeju- 

HOň aKH3HH H CTaJia SHTB CBOHITB OCO^inTB MÍpOlTb, BRJiaAUBaff CBOD 

;i;yniy bi poAHBmarocA uocJFb eň ^ymoBHaro npo6ysAeHÍA MajieHbKaro 
lepna. PoAHBmn noc^ťb Toro en^e o^ny A^Bonsy* SxhCÚe, ona yiiepjra — 
coócTBeHHO no bhhí MyaRa, KOTopuit, BiťbcTO Toro, ito6h nosBaTb aok- 
Topa, oTnpaBHJCA KyrHTB vb saÓaKB. 

lepFB H 9jiBc6e BupocTaKyn, npejrocraBjreHHhre cainnrB ce6i. MipB 
HiTB RasercA ^y^ecHuirB; ryjiAH no jťbcAWb H no nojunrB, ohh OTiepu- 

BaDTB pa3HIIH JIHKOBHHU H HU^yn Vb CBOein» ^^TCROITB C08HaHÍH Otiv 

ACHeHiA Bcero, qxó bhaatb, TaKi Basi y hkxi hhbofo hí^tb, vb Roiry 6a 
OHH MorjH ofipaTHTBca sa oó-BHCHeHieiTB. Hx^ exHHCTBeHHoe o6n^ecTBO — 
cjyasaHKa Brttohi, soTopofi vaTB, yimpan, hxi nopy^HJia. Ona hitb pas- 
cRasuBaeTB cTapuH cRasRH h BcejHen vb hhx% Bi^py vb ^yieca, osi- 
AaHÍA HyxecB b^b nnsHn; hx^ TOBapHU^ — ofljswb hsi Kpeftesi, cMmue- 
H£ifi ^HT9, paBBOSiinqň TOBapi no ^lepeBHHifB h pascEasHBaDn^iĚ hvb 
no BenepaiTB npo cboh, ÓoJibmei ^lacTBH) BinnnnjieHHUH, npHBJDqeHÚi. 
$HTd oTHOCHTCfl npaRTHHOCRH Kb cRaBRaiTB cJiyxaHRH; Ror^a offB ro- 

BOpHTB O rnOMaxi, A06UBaK)niHX'B BOJTOTO A-VA CBOHXI JDÓHimOBl, OHB 

TO^Ho cnpaBJíaeTCH o toitb, v^b mosho naňTH Rjiaj('B, noTOMy ^o obi 
yse d A'i^TCTBa snaerB níbEj AOHBrairB h Me^raerB o toitb, saKB 6u 
pasÓorar&TB. BpaTB h cecTpa BiipocTaH/rB o^enB pasHHMH vb cBoet 
j^HBott o6cTaHOBR'b. Bb MaienbEofi 3jiBc6e bhhhtb fiypnaA BpoBB YieS; 
ee TOMHTB sasjía nacjiasAeHiĚ, h no ne^ocTaTBy jífiCMOTptL h MaTepHH- 
CBaro BJiianifl ona craHOBHTCH sepTBot yHac^AOBaHHUX^B HHerHHBTOB^ 
Ona pano HaiHHaen yBJíeBaTBCH Tam^aira h pasaie^eHiaMH, BJiD^jmerea 
Bi óesnyTHaro OAHocejiB^aHHHa, ne cjiymaeri hhhbhxi ynin^aHit, ooo- 
pHTCA CB IepH0H'B, ROTopufi BcbiiH cHjaifH cTapaeTCH ee cnacTH h €b 
9ToS n^JBD nocejrAOTO ee y en ;íaah Tnca. Eř o^enB Jierso yjiaercA 



Digitized by VjOOQIC , 



XPOHHSA. — HOBOCTH HHOOTPÁHUOĚ jniTEPATyPU. 825 

ycKOJibSHyTb if3i»-no;^ Ha^dopa AflJ^H, h ona yÓiraerL co cbohmi bos- 
joDÓjesHuiTb vb FaMÓyprb h orryAa bi» AiiepHRy — Ha CBoe coÓCTBeHHoe 
rape. BpomeHeaA CBOioťB BoaiDÓjranuicb, OHa BeMj&Th sajsyi) seseb 
cib peÓeHBoin^, He pimaflcs flfijoie Tom BepHyTBca aomoA, va% o^HaKo, 
6paTi> H AflAfl SAyTL ee, ynoTpe6jflji set ycuÍA, qTo6u pasucRaTs 
&kriiimsj. Orapuft Thcb no<ybjufJB ^ase eBOD CTpacTb vb AOMociACTBy, 
HOCTOEHHO iswTb Bi FáM^yprb H 6iraerb no yj[wairB» na^ribacB naArH 
njieMaHHSiiy. Ona BosBpan^tercfl nepesi mhofo jlítb, HeevacTflaa, pas* 
6iiTaji cyAB(5oA, h SHBeorB y ahah, npe^cTaBJíAJi coóofi en^e ojsjswh npa* 
Mi^pi> rnóejui combe Yj^. 

leiffilk — ejIHHCTBOHHOe HCKJDHeHÍe Vb CBOeft COMBÍ^ 0H!B BeCB Vb HaTB 

H c:b caMaro paBHEro ;ri^TCTBa sebotb oossaTejiBHofl AymeBHOň sh3hbk>, 
ncHHMaa ysacx HoposoBi CBoero OTaa h CTapinHX'B 6paTB6Kb. Owb ^yB- 
CTByen esl ceó^b ofiflsaHHOCTB BOScraHOBiiTB múwjmiŘ aomi h hohth 

HHCTHHSTHBHO OTBaSUBaOTCJi yse Vb paHHeA DHOCTH OTB BCJIKHXl JH^- 

nuTb pa^ocrei, Ayiiafl tojbko o j^ojfí. A AOin y nero to^ibro oahb^^ — 
patfora. OffB snaerB, hto vb Heft — cnaeefiie. EMy paao npHXOAHTCii y64- 
AHTBCfl, HTo MaTepiaJiBHoe nojioseme on^ pacmaTano, h ohi xoqerB 
npe^oTBpaTHTB nojnioe pasopeme. nepByn sepray eicy npHxoj^xcfl npH- 
eecTH o^eBB paao. Owb ci ^'i^TCTBa MeqTajrB oOb yieHB'6, h bto sejia- 
uie Vb HeiTB noMepxHBaJOCB i^ase ero ÓesnytHiurB oti^ohi. ^.To6a. 
noJBCTHTB ero rop^ocrn, ospysaDope roBopiUH Kiaycy Vjao, tto ero 
MJiaAiirift cuwb óy^oTB „Landvogťon'', h dra ioicjib ony noHpaBHzacB. 
OffB ýbniBJFb, TTO IepH'B Óy^eTB y^HTBca vb raMHasÍH h yHHBepcHTert, 
H eocTaBHTib ropAocTB ceMBH. Ohi nocujiaeTi ero vb nacTopy a-m hoa- 
roTOBHTejBBuxi saHHTÍft, HO, HO CBoeft 6e3neuocTH H nojHOMy paBHO- 
AymiD ETb HHTepeeaiTB cuna, jí,Bxe ne cnpaBjaercH o TOin», ho Kaiunf^ 
npeAMeraiTB ica^B^HKy upH^ercH AopasaTB dKsaMeffB js^ia nocTyndieniH vb 
rHMHasiK). DacTopB jdóhtb anrAftcRift hsuki, h noToicy oóyqaerB lepna 
HMesHo 8T(my coBepnieHHo HenysEoicy eny asuKy. Kor^a nysHO 'bxaTB 
ua dRsaMOHi, Kiaycb Yjib nyraercA bosmoshož ney^a^H h ornpaBJuerB 
CBBa ci> jíflflfiŘ. ORasajrocB, ^'i^cTBHTejBHO, hto xpe^yercA JiaiHncBÍft, a 
He aHrodicsift asawb, h MajBHHBa ne npHHHMaiDTB. V nero ocTaeToa 
ropBKoe HyBCTBo Kb OTi^, BOTopiift flfiixe cb HHiťB He HoiteafB H ne 
ysHajrB nporpaMiru. 60 BpeMfl y^eHBfl y nacTopa, lepH-B cjyqaftHO ycju- 
maJTB ero pasroBopB cfb owHirB nociTHreJieirB h ysnaxB, hto orei^ 
HrpaerB na 6Hpaci, h hto 9to boactb kb pasopefliio. Bce aro BM^crb 
no6ysAAeTB ero OTRasaTLoa otb saB^THaro sejianÍH y^HiBca; oh-b ýb- 
maerB hchojoíhhtb 6ojrbe cypoBuft Mfixrb, ocvaTBCA AOMa, yxepsaTB OTi^a 
on MrpH h CHacTH aoitb orb pasopenia. Oreixb cna^iaja nero^yerB, — 
emy oChaho, ^to cuvb o6MaHyjrB ero To^ecJiaBie. BpaTBa h hjtb TOBa- 
pHHi^H cM^DTea na^B IepHOMi>, KOTopuft .Ao6poBOJbHO HpeBpaxHjica b^ 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



826 BMTHHK^ EBPOim. 

npocToro pa6oTHHRa, ho DHoma TeepA^b vb cjŽAOBamn cBoeiiy AOiry h 
6epeTB Bi pysH j^oHaniHee xosaĚCTBo. 

JtfriHaH SH3HB lepHE neqa^bHa b^b dhocth. Eiiy HpaBHTCJi BHyqsa 
nacTopa, Hi^naH, THxafl JlHcÓen, ho owb óohtch ca yiiCTBeHHaro npe- 
BocxoACTBa, cqHTaerB ee cjHHiBOirB „ÓapsniHeĚ*' Axa ceúsi h HHEorjia 
ne BU^aeTB cbohx'b ^yBCTBi vh Heft, xota h ona ero ji)6htl: obh Ha- 
Aojrro pacxoAflTCA. lepvB crpacTHO BJiK)6ji;ieTCJi Bi BpacHByK), crpaHHyD 
A^ByoiBy, KOTopajei ooonipjieTrB ero, iroóu no6opoTB b^ ce6t Hec^acrnyx) 
jrjD6oBB R^ ApyroHy. lepei óojň^e cwkFh cfb axofi paBHoft eny OAHOcejiB- 
HaHKOž, AOÓHBaercif en jhidóbh — ho dtotb poManiv^ecBiň dnR80x:B sasaH- 
^HBaeTGH OTspoBeHHUM^B o6iacHeHieirB A'i^ByniBH h rpycTHUiTB Apyse- 
CB»irB npomanieiťB. lepffB pimaerB OTKasaTBCA orb seHHTBÓn: Ta, ko- 

TOpyD OBI JfDÓHJTB Bl xbTC/rB% CT9JÍ2L BUJ ^SOft, HOTOMy qTO OffB HO^- 

irbTHJTB Vb Heft cHHCxoAHTejiBHO - noKpoBHTejiBCTBeHHoe OTHomeme s% 
ce&b, — a A^ByniBa, npoÓyAHBman vb není qyBCTBeHHocTB, oKaaaJiacB 
CBflTofi. Owb onjiTB yrjiy6j[fleTCJi wb mucjíh o js,oj[rb h HanparaerB Bcrb 
CBOH CHJU Ha yjTy^menie pascTpoeHHaro xosflĚCTBa OTi^a. Ero hohhm anie 
HpaBCTBeHHaro AOJira pacxoAHTCA ci noy^eniAMH nacTopa vb KepnBs: 
Taní offB cjlumuTb o ÓJiaseHCTBÍ B'&pyK)o^HX'B, o ToiTB, HTO B^pa Baa^ 
H^ jííkjn> H T. H. — evy se RaHercfl, ^to Bhójíd cji^OBa jo 6u cocraBHi^ 
H8i noy?eHiĚ, 6ojiie 6jih^io RacaDHiiHxcfl shshh npocruxi xD^eft, wb poxfi 
TaBHxi; Hanp.: „totb, bto npHjesHO paóoraeTB h yMHOsaerB CBoe Ójaro- 

COCTOHHÍe, TOTB Óy^OTB CBaceHl"; HJIH: „BpeCTBAHHHl^, BOTOpHĚ He BH- 

puBaeTi HJieBejTB na CBoeifB uorb, ry($HT% cboh) sh3hb";hj[h: „aa Kas- 
ABift BeqeprB, iipoBe^enHiift vb jsaóbkí^ y ^ejcoB^sa oTHHMaeTCH roj^ cna- 
cenia" H T. H. 9to eBanrejie Tpy^a anooji^cTBiH pacniKpaerca vb ero 
óoj^be npocBŠTJieHHOMi cosHaHm; owb na^Hnaeri noHHMaTB 6e3SopfiieT- 

HyD JIDÓOBB Iffb APyrHlffB — OHI BHAHTB BpHirbpU efl Vb SH3HH, BHAHTB 

HpeAaHHOcTB cocTapHBmeficH y hhxi wb jifiiA cjysaHRH, BOTopaa or^aia 
OMy H ero cecTpi bch) jinfioBB, b(A chjiu CBoeft Aynni, h cairB coapi^ 
BaerB jí,Jia noABHroBi jtidóbh r^b Ójhshhitb. 

EoJiBmyK) poJiB vb AynieBHOirB paaBRTÍH lepna HrpaK)TB hí^crojibso 
M^^i^eBi, npoBeAeHHEixi Ha Bodni. Ohi cjiysHTB coixaTOirB CHaqaia 
Vb MHpHoe BpeMH H npíoóp^TaeTB o6n^ee oji;o6peHÍe Ha^ajBCTBa h Jih 
60BB TOBapHH^eft CBOHifB yM^UMi HcnoJiHeHieifB oóasaHHocTeft h CBoeft 
yaHBTOBOCTBH); Ha Boftny (1870 r.) oh^ hactb y»e pesepBHCTOirB, yqacr- 
ByerB b^ cpaseniH npn rpaBeJon*, ctohti oo^b MeTiíOiTB h Opiea- 
HoifB — H o^eHB spierB AyxoBHo Vb RopoTRoe BpeMii. BoĚHa H3o6paseHa 

Blk pOMani 9nH30AHqeCRH, Hp OneHB CHJBHO — Cb TO^RH Sp^HÍH RpeCTBfl- 

HHHa, ROTopufi He noHHMaoTB en SHa^emfl, a tojibro nepesHBaen no- 
TpHcaK)Hi,iĚ RomMapi, BHAH, ^To Ras^oe cpaseme cboahtch vb ropan 
TpynoBi H BepeHHi^airB HorHJTB. Owb npHcyTCTByerB npH'CMepTH Toaa- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHRA. — fiOBOCTH HHOCTPÁHHOS IHTEPATyPH. 827 

pHJ^efi, Apyseň A'&TCTBa — h bi ero co3HaHÍH yRpinjiAeTC^ hucjb o xa- 
Eom-TO OTBJíeqeHHOMi AOJiri, npoTHBop^Han^eifB ero He3ii6jieMod ao 
Toro, HHCTO npaRTHqecROĚ MopajH. nocji'b boěhu oh'b en^e B^yM^HB^e 
OTBocHTCJi Kh Bj7BijífiiMi> jsfjvjnx^h JíDjífiŘ. ^ĎMa A'i^a yxy^maDTCfl. Otci^ 
lepna norepajrb Bce CBOe cocroame h BnajTB wh cjaóoyvie; cTapmie 
ópaTLA ymjH hsi» AOMy h ^bjiadtca tojílbo 3a AeHbraMH otb BpeMeHH 
AO BpeMeHH. Q6nyfHa nepe^aeTB 6uBniifl ABopi CTapHRa Kiayca ero 

CHHy lepny, Cfb OÓ^SaTejBCTBOlTB BUOJaTHTB AOJTH. Oh1» TpyAHTCH H30 

Bc^'B cHJi, HO ne MomeTb npej^oTBpaTHTB oROHHaTejíBHoft nfCeJui, noji;- 
roTOBjeHHofi ;i;ojiroJi4THHjffB óeanyTCTBoiTB orita. Mnoro HeCTacTiž roTo- 
BHTB eMy cy^BÓa: neypoxaŘHHe ro^u napajínsyiorB ero ycHjia, aaTtiTB y 
Herc ynHpaeTi sena {owh seHHJCA na Becejroň, ÓOApoň A^Bymsi); na- 
BOHei^, noauipi HCTpeóJfleTB onj^OBCKÍd aomi. lepHi en^e 6oj^e na^aeri 
AyxoHx, yrimaflCB tojbbo j[H)6obbk) ki CBoeMy MajreHBKOMy CLiny, nano- 
iíHHaH)nieMy eMy seny. JIocjA nosapa ohi nocejjieTCfl y cBoero Aujífl 
THca, — h TaM% Ha^HnaeTCJi B03posA6HÍe ero nocjrb nepeHeceHHUXi ne- 
CTacTifi. Owh BHAHTB MHOFO jik)6bh h caMOOTBepaeHÍa BOKpypL ce(5a, h 
ero coÓcTBeHHuS xpy^t Toace HaqHHaen WBaTB xoponrie peayjiBTaTH. 
yMCTBOHBajaí ero »H3Hb pasBHBaeTca, — offB npoBOAHT^ hícko-ibko Bpe- 
MeHH vh FaMÓypr^ jí^ň ycoBepmeHCTBOBanifl wh TexHHqecKHxi> SHam^rB, 
TaKb KaffB eMy nopy^ena ÓojiBmaH crpoHTejiBHafl pa6oTa; owb HaHHHaerB 
HOHHMaTb SH3HB H HpHHHMaTL cxpa^aníjsí 6e3'b ropeHH. Bce ero cyn^e- 
cTBOBanie oĎHOBjaercn. HacTaero A^a nero h HOBaA nopa juoÓbu, Owh 
cHOBa BHAHTca CB HOApyrofl CBoero AtocTBa, JlHcfier^, ysHaeTB, ^to ona 
ero Bcer^a jiDÓHJia, sKeHHTCA na net, itb BaiHRofi pa^ocTH CBoero Ma- 
aeHBBaro cuna, EOTopui noJiDÓHjrB ee RaRi MaTB,— h vh MajeHbROMi 
AOMí cocTapHBinaroca Tnca, r^i Bca ceMBa nocejaeTca BMŠcrt ch Bep- 
HyBHieflcji Ha po^nny 9^c6ofl, BO^BOpaerca cqacTBe h 6jiaroaojiyHÍe. 
Ayma lepna o^nn^ena cxpa^anieM^B, ero HpaBTH^ecRoe noHHMame AOJrra 
B03BUCHJI0CB ^0 BUcoRoS ryMaHHocTH, H ci> dTHMi eBaHréjdoMi Tpy^a 
OHI 6e36oa3HeHHo h cbítjiio rjraAHTB wb óy^yn^ee, ne óoacB y^apoBX 
cyABĎH. 

TaROBi» aroTB poManB, ROTopuž nopasaerB ne H^efinoft rjiyÓHHofl, 
a B^yM^HBiurB h npocTUMi H3o6pa3ReHÍeM^ xhshh. Hcropia npocToro 
roJiHiTHHCRaro RpecTBaHHHa — rnnH^naa Hcropia qejiOBiqecROŽ cy^BÓii. 
EpecTBHHCRyio SH3HB Tofi SCO M^CTHOCTH H3o6pa»ajH H^^EOTopue ^pyríe 
cooTqH^H ^poHcena, kb ocofiennocTH FpaWe h Teo^opi ElTopMi, ho 
^peHceni npeBOcxoAHTB hxi vb poMaHi „lepHB Yjib" chjiož hchxojio- 
rH^ecRaro aHa.iH3a h hihporhmb saxaaTOMi cBoefi anoneH xpy^a. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



828 ncTHHXi EBPomi. 



n. 

Adolf Bartéls. Geschichte der deatschen Literatur (1902. Leipzig, £. Avenariiis). 
T. I, CTp. 616; T. II, exp. 860. 

AAOJiB<{rB BapTOJLCi, esbíctbisř E'kiíeufii& hctophki» jHrepaiypu, 
3aR0H^HJx B% HECToamee BpeMa óojtmofi, HHrepecHui no cbohitb aa- 
Aa^an TpyA'B-'iiCTopÍK) Hiiieii^Koň jmrepaTypu otl fla^ajia eji ao na- 
niHxi j^aeň. BecB sojoccajEbHuft MaTepiajrB owb paspaóorajrB vb Asyrs 
TOMaxi, npHqeifB nepBud, óojťbe spaTidfi, BMin^aeirb bcd jHrepaTypy 
Ao BOBi^a XVlII-ro Bisa, a 3HaqHTej[bH0 Óojrke o6i>eyaíCThA BTopoA toitb 
nocBjiíi](eH'B XIX-Mj BÍRy, xasi^ hto bi cynpocTH sarjiaBie ne bdojhí coot- 
BiTCTByert coAepaaHÍK). 3to CKopie Hcxopia jmrepaTypu XlX-ro Bisa, 
AonoJHeHHafl oiSsopoM^ ]CHHyBmHX'B b^kobi. 

Ha EapreJBca MeH^ Bcero mosho 6utb vb npereHsiH sa HeHcnoj- 
Heme cjHniBoirB m^poBoA nporpaMMU, naiiiqeHHoi vh 3arjiaBÍH ero 
Tpy^a. RI^Tb HH^ero 6e30TpaAH^ orpoMHUxi HCTopiž jrarepaTypu, crpe- 

MfllI^HXCJSÍ Kh (})aBTHieCBOÍ OOJHOTÍ; OHÍ^ HeMHHyeMO CBOAATCfl JSh 

nepe^Hi) (})aBT0Bi h Hiiturb jussah 6H6jiiorpa(j)HHecKyi) bc6hhoctb,— sa- 
Aa^a se HCTopHsa JiHiepaTypu sauD^aercA bi rpynnHpoBsi, vb hoa- 
BeABsÍH HToroBi pa3JH«iHiiirb JHTepaTypHmrB Ha^BHaniairb, h saribirL, 
BOHe^HO, Bi xapaBTepHCTHBax'B oTAtjBmixi UHcaTeiiei. HcropHCB jh- 
TepaTypu, Boxopuň xo^erB AOCTHrnyTB aroft i^h, ho jísw&ewb rHaTBCJi 
3a nojiHOTOfi, a BJu6HpaTB Toai>Bo caMoe cyn^ecTBOHHoe, iipe^ocTasJua 
6H6jiorpa(})a]rE HcqepnuBaTB (t>aBTHiecBÍň MaTepiaji. Eaprei^cb HMesHO 
xasi H noHHMaerB cbod sa^a^y, BuacHaA dTo bi up^hcjobíh. Oh!b ho 
co6upaeTca yBOJuqHBaTB AOCTaTo^Hoe h 6ed^ Toro BOJH^ecxBO HCTopii 
HÍMemtofi JiHTepaiypa, T.-e, BTopraTBca wh oÓjacTB, paapaÓoraHHyD mho- 
secTBoiTB TajaHTjflBux:B y^eHuxi. HanpoTHBi Toro, oetb xoierB ocbo*> 
60AHTB CBofi TpyAi* OTB BceHcqepnuBaH)n^eĚ yqeHOCTH, cocraB^aDmet 
HHOFAa TAsejBiň 6axiacrB, h aatb Bsairi^H^ dxoro o6m;jv) BaprHHy pasBH- 
aJA H']^eii;BoA JHTepaxypBi, buachhtb saAa^H ea h noEasaxB saBHCH- 
MOCTB noAi»eMOB% H naAemň JETepaiypnaro TBopqecxBa ot:b cjd^oBaHU 
HauioHajiBHUMi saAaqaM^B hjih yBioHesia orb hhxi. 

Oco6eHHocTB BHHrH EapxejBca saBJíioqaexca, rjaBEUirb oÓpaaoirB, fs 
rpynnspoBEŠ Maxepi&ia. Owb coBepmeHHo Bipno saicfiqaeT^ bi npeAK- 
cjobíh, qxo caMua pacnpocxpaHeHHUfl bi TepnaniH HcxopÍH JHxepaxypu 
HSJíaraDxi qpesBuqaňHO noApoÓHo JHxepaxypy MHHyBinuxi bí^bi npH- 
6.iH3HxejiBH0 Ao xpHAi^axHjrbxHefi božhu, a Bce Aa<i^>H^niee pasBHxie ea 
nocjTJ^ Fexe hjih coBepmeHHo ocxaBjaK)xi 6e3:B BHHMaHÍa, hjih nepeAaDTB 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHRA. — HOBOCTH HHOOTPAHHOtt JHHTEPATFPH. 829 

VB camiTB o6mjáTh qepraxi. BapxeiBCB ze HaHÓoxbe noApo6Ho H3Ja- 
raerb JiHTepaTypy XlX-ro siíca, omi^ax vh npeAinecTByDí^HX^B BtRax!b 
jHHib TO, HTO coxpaHHJio 8HaveHie H A^ifl Bamero spenenH. 

KHHra Baprejibca othochtca, noaroiiy, CKop-be Kb pasp^^y co^Heemt 
HO jnrrepaTypš XlX-ro B'6Ka, Roropiix^b Tose m, nocjr6;vee Bpeiui 
vHoro HanHcaHO vb FepMaBÍH. Ho h on hhzi KHHra BaprejBca pasHHŤca 
vb sHa^HTasbfioĚ crenenH. Tanb, HanpH]iipr&, „HcTopis iHrepaTypu 
XIX B^sa'' PHxapxa Mefiepa — ropasAO 6ojAe Hc^epouBaDmafl ho cbo* 
eny ij^aKTH^ecBOKy tOM,epKhmfo; vb ue& 6oxbme otx&ibhuxi xapaBre- 

pHCTHITb H OfiH^RTB O^OpKOVb dT&HHDHlHXtH JIHTepaTypHUX'B Te^OHÍft^ 

Hi^ROTopufl xapaBTepHCTHBH HHcaTejiei y MeĚepa 6oji'6e 6jecTAnp[ h 
opHFHHajiBHU, HO HpeHMyHi^ecTBo BapTOJCBca — vb 6ojAe y^a^^Hofi rpyn- 
HHpoBidk. Meňep'B hpoebbojbho pa3A'6JVHjrB XlX-ft Bteb Ha j^ecATnurbÚE 
H cTpeMHTCJi HaftTH JiHTepaTypHyD <t>opMyjy a^íh sas^aro AecATOxim 
Bl> OTA^&XBHOGTH, TTÓ Be^en Kb nOCTOflBHHHl HaTncBaiTB h joichhitb 
cys^emHiTb. BapTejiBci se HHsaBHxi hobux^ neperopoj^oKb ne npHAy~ 
MíjBaerb. Owb ^aero xapaRTepHCTHKH rjiaBHiui TeneHiĚ XlX^ro B^Ka, 
povaHTH8Ma, peajnisHa h HOBMniHX'B jrarepaTypnurB msoji, otiie^H- 
BaeMuxi Kb nocji'bAHee BpeMH vb FepiiaHiH noxb yAOÓmnrB HasBanieirB: 
„Die Moderně^, h, npHxepsHBaacb Kb o6n^eirB bthx^ ochobhux^b xb- 
jienift, bhocutb jihhil Koe-Kam HSM^Hemjaí Kb noApa3;i;'&ieHÍii 9thx'b 
ocHOBHHXi rpynni. Tasí, HanpHM^pi, npeACTaBHTejreň po]faHTH3Ha oh'b 
jííbjaiTb na crapo- h HOBopoManTHKOB^, a „mojo^id FepiiafiiK)** cb ea 
HOjraTH^ecHHirb JiH^epajirovoirb c^HTaerB yBJOHeHÍeirB orb HCTHHHaro 
poMaHTHBMa; noKbimji} Hitoemcyi) jrarepaTypy cfb mecTHjtecdTuxi ro*- 
;(0B% xo KOHi^a XlX-ro BteaoHi» A^^^KHTiHanepioAB ^^eKaj^anca Kb mecTH- 
jsfitoTWLb H ceMHAecflT£ixi TojífiiXb, BUD^aH cD^a H HaTypajtHsiTb, pas- 
BHBmidcfl HOA'B BjdaHieifB 4>paHii;y30B^, h na ^HOByD msojiy*' (Die Mo- 
deme), co Cpe^mHH BOCBMH^ecaTHXl TOAOKb; Kb neS OHB BH^HTL B03- 

po»AeHÍe Hai];ioHajibHaro ntiieipcaro Ayxa; CHMB0JH3irL k UEc^mnmwb 

H-^KOTOpUKl COBpeMeHHUX^b nHCaTOJOŘ OH'B C^HTaOTB SaHOCHilVl H HO- 

cepBesHtiirB aBjenieMi, homhmo BOToparo Kb HOBifinieĚ nbifei^Roň jih- 
Tepaxypb octb B^opoBiie HaqionaJiBHue d^enenTH. Mu yBHj;HirB, pasena^ 
TpHBaa 9Ty ^acT% Tpyj^a BaprejiBca, ^to owb chjibho sanyrajca b'b onpe- 
;i;^eHÍHX'B H0B'6fniHxnb TeqeHÍfi; nosa se omiTHirB tojbbo csoeoópas- 
HOCTB ero rpymiHpoBKH. 

B'6pHafl HocTaHOBKa sa^aiH cocTaBjaeTTB r^aBHoe ^i^octohbctbo RHHrH 
BaprejiBca; ho kb coaajiHiK), npH BHnaiHeHÍH ea, owb Boa^aeTi b^ 
^acTua saÓJiíysAeHia BCJilACTBie oiHniBOirB TeH^^eHuiosnaro oTHomenia 
iPB jraTopaTyi*. BapTOJiBírB — nanionaiHcrB, Aoxo;^lH^Ě ^o KpaSnocTeĚ bb 
CBoeiTB npocJiaBJíeHiH HŠMei^uiro Ayxa h Kb cBoei HenanHCTH btb hho- 
poA^ecKHiTb djfeMOHTaiťB Kb wbMenjíOŘ jiHrepaTyp^. Hsi bcíx'b npoaBjote- 
Tom y.— OKTJiBPfc, 1902. 53/26 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



830 BftOTHHKl BBPOini. 

Hii BjJiBTypHod SH3HH jHxepaTypa Exberb EtiaŘoxbe oÓnieqejiOBtqe- 
GKÍ& xapaRTeprB, h bi nefi BsaHMOAi^CTBie pasjraqHHxi uaaii vb buc- 
mež CTeneHH i^hho. To, msb AOCTHrnyTO oahhiii HapoAOiTB, craHOBHTCA 
j|ocT(MiHÍe]r& Bctxi, Tasí ito BJiiamio ojiHoft JHrepaTypu na JipyryD 
MoaKHO T04BBO paAOBaTbCfl. Otl oúiAusl Hxeň c!b ApynoíH cípanaiiH 
HaiúoHajn»Huň xyxi^ ue crpa^aeri hh b% oahoě CTpaffb, a BanpoTHffb 
Toro, pasBHBaercfl, ^epnaa hsi hjshxi .iHTepaxypí to, ttď cnoco5- 
CTBjerB ero coécTBeHHOMy pasBMTÍK). Tojibko yasit moBwaBsan> ycMaipH- 
BaoTi onacHocTb vh AyxoBHoir& ejumeEiH oahoě cTpaHH cfb f^jnsuB h 

peBHHBO OXpaHJieTB HenpHSOCHOBeHHOCTL HaipOHaJBHUXl TpaAHIQŽ Vb 
JHTepaTypi. BapTOJBCl, kb COaiUUtHÍK>, . CTaHOBHTCA HMOBHO Ha TaEyD 

ysRO-naTpiormecKyK) TOHKy BptHÚi, npeMcnoíHesb HaipoBajiBHoi ropAO- 
CTH H cTapaercA ^OKasaTB, ?to Bcer^a Fepiíamji mia Bnepe^H bc&tb 
HapoAOBi. Tasí, HanpHMiprB, roBopa BHHrb IQjeňepMaxepa, na^aB- 
maro nponoB']^B xpECTÍancTBa vb jiHTepaTypb ao niaToCpiana, ofFb boc- 
K^iHi^aerB: „mu, hímuu, BcerAa HAeii'B Bnepe^H''; cb tímh se QaTpio- 

TH«ieCKHMH Il^^MH OETB AOKaSiraaOTl, HTO OČn^eCTBOBHlIfl TOOpÍH lepOMÍH 

roTrejrB<|)a Bume yneHÍA Tojctofo, ito re66aiB SHa^HrejiBHte H6c6Ha 
H T. A- Jifiasie ecjiHÓu dTH mhíhúi óujol cnpaBeAiHBU (a bí^ HHsoKy 
HO npHAeTB AMcTBHTejiBHO vb FOJioBy craBHTB FoTrejn^A Bume Toj- 
CToro), TO H TOPAa noAOÓHiu HaTpioTHqecRÍA jEBOBasÍH 6ujiH 6ju HeAO- 
cTofiHu cepBesHaro HBCjiAOBaxejui. JlHTeparypa ho TaÓeJiB o panraxi, 
H B'B nefi BaacHa ho noroHfl 3a nepBOHCTBOirB, a haoh, bhochmuh Kaz- 
AioTB iiHcaTejieMi. HaiqoHajrasirB BapTejBca cKasiiBaeTCfl Tasse b% ero 

nOHTfl ROMH^eCBOlTB aHTHCeMHTHSMi, BOTOpUŽ 0H7» jMyApaeTCfl npojD- 

jiflTB Ha KaxAOifB máry. Bet oTpHi^aTejBHBUi ajueEia, bi h'&m eioLoi jh- 
TepaTypd^ XIX BÍRa owb npHOHCUBaerB eBpeňcsoiiy Bjá&mn. EBpoH 

BHHOBaTU B^B TOITB, UTO UOCJTÍ^ TOCHOACTBa HHCTOA pOMaHTMKH Vb Top- 

MaHÍH Ha^ajicA, vb 30-xrB roAaxi, nepioAi yBJteqeHÚi otin^e-eBponeicKinrB 
nojiHTMiecKHirB jHfiepajusMoirB h paAHicajiHBMOicB. OqaroirB droro abh- 
senifl owb c^HTaoTB cbaobu hbbícthuxi „HHrejuHreHTHBirB eapeesii', 
PaxHJH BapHrareffB h aPm CTasa TaicHifB o^pasoirB kb bhhy E^bMenjsoyj 
OBpeňcTBy noABJíeHie b'b hxi cpoAÍ AapoBHTUxi h o6pa80BaHHiJX'B sen- 
usflwb, 8noxy AeRaAOBTCTBa— a TaKOBoň okb HasuBaerB 60*Eie h 70-ue 
roAU — H BJiiflHie pasHysAaHHofi ((>paHi](y3csQĚ JUTopaTypu BpeiieffB bto- 
poĚ HMnepÍH owb Tose o6i»acHJierB rbiTB, qro OBpoH npHBHJH wb Fep- 
MaHÍH BEyci jeb óyjíBBapHofi jiHTopaTypt h k% onepoTst. O FeAne Bap- 

TOJIBCB rOBOpHTB nO^TH Cb HeHaBHCTBK), OTpHI^aeTl OFO BJDHHie Vb lA- 

ifeuKoň JHTepaTypd^, cwraen ero noApasaTejem BpenTaHO h pasHHii 

MaJIO HSBtCTHUTB ffbMOipUIXlk pOMaHTHJCOffB; CB TaKHMl SO nfeMj6ÍM' 

AeHÍein» owb othocutca bo mhofeitb HOBiftmHiťB nHcaTej^irB, BoropuxB 
owb nocTOflHHo HonpeBaerB hxi ceMETH^ecsHiTB npoHCxosAQHieirB. O 



Digitized by VjOOQ IC - 



XPOHHBA. — HOBOCTH HHOOTPÁHHOft JIHTEPATyPH. 831 

niHHTi^epb, ro4>MaHCTajib h ap* owh ho roBopHTL HHaqe, Basi ci yno- 
xHHaHieirB xamAuft pasi im esp^cTea, h nonpeBaerb hírotophxi 
nHcaTeiei xase m nojiEy-eBp^cKHirB npoHcxoa;;(eHie]r&. Kaa^uň pasx, 
roBopii o noj& FeĚse, oh% BasueaeTB ero „Halbjude**. Bce axo, o^e-* 
BHAEíO, coBepmeHHo Heyir&CTHo wb H3JioseHÍH JHrepaTypaux^B 4)aRT0Bi&; 
aHTHceMHTHSirB BapraiBca — eni^e tfojrbe jumnifi dajuacn bi ero BflHri, 
q&Tb y^enocTb, KoropoĚ owb xaBi TOi^aTaibHO H36ira6TB fb cbobitb 
Tpy^ 

IIpH BCÍX'B DTHXB He^OCTaTBaXl, CriCHflDII^HXlk CB060AH0e OTHOme- 

Bíe Kb HST^aeMUirB jHrepaTypBinrB ABJíefliHirE, sHHra BaprejTLca imieTb 

H MHOrO XOCTOHHCTFB. Ofla HB 6^601(611 iipBHMH XapaSŤepHCTHBaHH 

ot;^:&ii>hb[X'b BHcaTejieĚ. BaprejBCi cjHmsoiTB yxi ((ohtca y^esocTH, 
;i(aeiTB o^enB Majio cvbjí,ÍBit oOh OTxbshBUTb nHcaTejurarb h ne^ocTa- 
TOHHo onpeA^jeHHO <i)op]iyjiHpye'FB hx^b jri^TejOíHOCTB h 3Ha«ieBÍe. Bx 
BToiTB oTHomemH BBHra Mefiepa Óojrbe HETepecna. MefiepB oqeHB hhah- 
BHAyajieH'B kb cbohx'b cysABHíflxi, h ero xapaBTepHCTHRH HHor;^a jsfii- 
ABKK úTb HCTHHU, HO Bcop^^a apKH, Me»Ay tíitb bbbb o^epsH Bap- 
TeJiBca ne jífiiiyrb noJHaro npejucTaBjeHiH o nHcaTejuxi. Ho o6msi xa- 
paRTepHCTHBH i^BHUx'B uepío^^OBi y BapTOJiBca 6oj&e HHiepecHu, 06- 
cTOATejBHu H opHrHBajibBU. JlHTepBTypy XlX-ro Biíca OHI pasi^HerB 
Ha TpH ocHOBHuxi nepio;i;a, na pombethsitb Haq&ia e^ksl, Mon^Huň oe- 
pioAi peajH8Ma oti» soni^a j^BawATUxi Ao ceMHAecaTuxB foaokb, h 
HOBtíhnyi) jiuTepaTypy, noApa3A'bJAeMyK) hitb Ha hícbojbro rpyna^B. 
CaMoĚ njOAOTBopHoň h sHaqnrejibHOĚ nopoň H^Meipcoft jHreparypu 
XlX-ro B*Ka offB cqHTaeTB nepio;íB peajHSMa, ;i;ocTHrffliĚ anorea kb 
SO-xi ro^axi; BaprejiBci BujsfbiEeTb hsi Hero Asa no6o^HHxi TeieHia: 
TeHAOHiposHoe TBop^ecTBO „MOJio;^oň repMaHÍH^, bi nepsofi hojtobhhí 
aroro nepioji;a, h aHTH-TeHAeHiíio3Hoe 9KJieKTHHecKoe „HCKyccTBo jí^jio. 
HCByccTBa** MDHxeHCBoĚ niKOjru (IIojiB Fefiae, FaHiiepjHHrB h Ap.) bo 
BTopofi. HoBifimyro JinrepaTypy offB A*-5HrB na nepio^B A^Ka^eHTCTBa, 
T.-e. na^eHifl TpaAHipd ni^Mei^Earo Ayxa ho^b BJiianieMB ^pani^iH spe- 
KeHB BTopoň HMnepÍH, čencai^ioHHocTH, neccuMHSMa, upoMunuennaro 
OTHomenk kb jHTepaTypi (Tasoe onpeA'fcJieHÍe ACKa^eHTCTBa ne hmíotb 
HH^ero odn^aro cb o6u^num> npeACTaejreHieirB o hom^b) h na Bospos^e- 
HÍe H']^Mei^caro ksxb, bb óoapomb, ch^ibhomb h hhcto naaioHa^BHOMB 
TBop^ecTB* TaK«xB nHcaTCJieĚ, KaKB rayiiTMaH^B, $0HTaffB, JlfiTjie^- 

4K)HrB-J[HJIÍeHKpOHB H APyrHXB. To, <It5 06£IBH0BeHH0 HaSUBaeTCfl ji;6Ba- 

jieHTCTBoifB H CHMBOJIH8M0MB, T.-e. no93ÍK) H3£icRaHHuxB on^yn^eHÍň Ha 
uo^vb HAeajiHSMa h MHCTHiiH3Ma, BapTej[bCB He c^HTaerB chjbhumb h 
caMoÓUTHUMB iiBJTeHÍeirB, a opHnHCUBaeTB sarpaHH^HUMB bjíhhíamb, h, 
bb oÓh^omb, yA'kvjieTB ohohb Majio BHHMaHÍH BceĚ niBOJ'b; jiy^HiHXB se 
HHeaTejei btoí rpynna („Die Moderně") ohb othochtb eb DpeACTaB?^ 

63* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



832 BiOTHHRX EBPOmi. 

TejflMi HEipoHajiBHaro Bospoac^eBijsr, c^Hraa OAHHirB inrb ero ocHOBare- 
jefi Hmqne. Bfb o6meirB, dra cxena Hiife^voĚ jíHrepaTypu XlX-ro siia 
npaBHnHa, c^ hírotopumh, anpo^eirb, oipain^eHúniH. EUBa jdi mojkho 
OTjif^ATh „M040AyD PepifaHiD^^ a bi ^acTHocTH FeflHe, otb poMaa- 
THSMa. BapTOiBCib dro A^aen tojtbbo hsi aBTHcemiTHviecKaro upexj- 
6ÍMAfiB\a npoTHBi reflee, vejiafl jhhihtb ero xBop^ecTBo BcaBaroqflcro 
xyAOsecTBeHHaro SHa^eHÍA (nodsifl reftHe--?HCTO poiiaHTH^ecKafl) h npa- 
SHEBafl ero toji^ro rjiamaTaeifB xemeBaro (})paHi^3CRaro jnHÓepajDiSMa. 
O^OHB npoH3BOJbHO TaBso OFO oÓpamoHÍe CB noBHTieirB o xesajieHT- 
CTBt H ero OTHomeme icb HORMmeň H^xemcoi jrarepaTypft. HeJbas, 
EAKb owb dTO jíibAB.eTh, EBsuBaTB A^Ba^eHTCTBOicB vb TepnasÍH yna- 
AoiTB peajHCTHHOCRaro poMasa noxb BjiameirE, c% oxHoft cropoHUi nec- 
CHMHSMa, BUSBaHHaro nojHTHqecRHMH QpH^HHaiiH, a cb xpyroi cropoHU — 
noroHH sa cencai^ioHHOCTBK), h cMimeo HasHBaTB AesajieHTaMH IQiiiub- 
raroHa h MapjHiTb, en^e 6oJsbe nyraa sto aoHJiTie OTHOCHrejEbHO hho- 
crpaHHUx^ BMcaTejiefl. Ohi othochtb kb xeKa^eHTCTBy h onepersa 
04Kt)eH6axa, h nopHorpa4^HqecKyK) (}>paHi(y3CKyE) JvrepaTypy, h Bo^iapa, 
npHqeicb cb ropAOCTbD saHBJflerB, qTO FepMaHia HHjsorj^a Haq^ojnjco 
He na^ajia, htoÓu kb neĚ 6híjn> BosMoacesi noarB vh po^b Bo^iapa. 
OroJiB se CTpaHHO ero npeACTasjíenie o HOBMmiixi* TeqemAXi. HHiqne 
exY AopoFB, RaffB nponoB^AHHirB chjiu h HaiúoHajBHoft ropAocru, h qo- 
dTOMy OHI ero npE^HCJJSíerB btb imcaTe^AirB BoapossAeHia. OaMinarh^ 
HTO HHiune Bi ero rjia3ax:B — iHcro-HaiuoHaJiBHufl HiMeuBift iracaTejiB, 
H ero cjaBAHCBOMy npoHcxosAemio owb ne upH^aerB HEsasoro snave- 
HÍfl, MesAy T&iťB Bamb Aase Fežse ohi^ Buj^fajfleTB hsi naiuoHajbHoft 
jHTepaTypu, BasB nojiy-eBpea; rayBTnana owb Tose npHqHcj;ierB rB 
oÓHOBHTeJiairB JHTepaTypu, h bl to se spěna o^obb 0TpH^aTeJlBHO 

OTHOCHTCa Vh T^CHO CBJÍSaHHJUlťB CB^HHMB JfHTepaTypHUlTB aB^eHifllTL. 

npoHSBOJiBHOcTB BOApadAt^eHiA JHTepaTypHuxi nepioAOBB npH b^ 
HOCTH o6ii;eJt cxeifu cBasana y EapTOJBca cb ero noHJBMaHíeirB Haipo- 
HajBHi>ix'B HAeajoB'B. Bb npe^HCJOBÍH kb nepBOMy TOMy, okb BŽpHO 
onpeA'i^aerB xapaRTopB HŽMeiJ^Rofi AyxoBHoA shshh; ea ocHOBHaa qepra — 
HHAHBHAyajiHdiTB, upoTUBonojosHiiifi coiuajn»HOMy xapaRTopy poiraHCRoft 

RyjIBTypN. B'B HÍMemCOft JIHXepaTypt, BUpaSHTOJIBHHI^-ik RyATypHUTB 

oco6eHHocTeň naiUH, npeofijaAaexB 6opB6a, bb to Bpeiia KaKB poMaH- 
CRaa JHxepaTypa cxpeMHTca rb rapnoHÍB. Bb BHAy SToro RopeflHoro 
pa3JHqia AByxB nai^iň, sMa^H vbuenjsjoŘ jHrepaiypu npoxHBonoiosHu 
jiHTepaxypHiiiBrB HAeajiaMi> poMaHCRHXB cTpaHB, h BcaRoe ajname nocjrM- 
HuxB MoseTB 6uvb TOJihKO HaHOCHuifB H, 00 mhíhík) BaprejTBca, nary6- 
HUMB, OTBjreRaDn^MB OTB BunojHeHia naiiioHaiBHUXB aa^avB. HacxaH- 
3aa Ha aToft o6oco6jeHHocTH n^MeipcoA jHTepaTypu, BapTejBC^B bu- 
acHaoTTi OTAtjiBHua ?epTU nai^ioHajiBHož niMei^Rofi JHTepaTypu. O^Bop- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHKA. — HOBOOTH JBHOCTPAHHOfi JIHTBPÁTyPH. 833 

Hut xapasTeprb irbMeipcofi JiHreparypu obi Bnwpb vh iipeo6jiaAaHÍH 
ťo^epsEHÚi HajTB 4k)pmoě, hcthhu HaA'B KpacoToft, xapaBTepoBi na^i 
rapvoHieĚ, HHAUfiHAyajBHaro nsíjnh o^n^e-Hai^oHajibHuirb, HHraiJiesTyajib- 
Haro Ha^^ HyBCTBeHHinrB ajieiieHTOirB. Ohi yTeepa^aeri, hto vl Fep- 
MaeiH ropasAO Hevbe utiBHiirB jrarepaTypHHrB Tezemi, ^iwb BiAPy- 
THXB, oco6eHHO vb poMaHCKHxi cTpaHaxi, HO qro Bi Hefi saxo Óoiune 
xapasTepHaro HHji^HBHAyajibHaro TBop<iecTBa. Hirb vimeujioA japanu, 
Karb ecTB HcnaHcsafl, <t>paHiiy3CKaa ;q>aMa, ho ecxb Teaxp^ JleccHHra, 
niKuepa, FpHJiBnapiiepa, ho cjiHBaDnijecji vb vhmo OAHopo^Hoe, ho 
cuihvue H CBoeo6pa8HU6 sasAuft bi otaíjibhocth. To^ho TaRse h 

Cpe^H pOMaHHCTOBl eOTB MHOrO RpyirHUX'B H piSKO 0]IpeA6j[eUHUX'B 

HHAHBHAyajBHOCToft H MajTO o^Hopo^Hiix^b Te^OHífi. Ob aTHiTb npeo6ja- 
AameiTb HHAHBHAya^nocTefi eBAsana h Apyraa SHaiieHaTejibHaA nepra 
H^vouBot jHTepaTypu; ea pasBHrie cbo^htoi Bcer^a «h 6oph6% kb Tovy, 
^iTO noTTH sasAoe jnrrepaTypHoe nosojri^me sa nocjiÍAHie Asa Bina 
Hifivei*B CBOD dnoxy 6ypii h HaTHCsa. 

Tasoe noHHMame nai^oHajBHaro repKancsaro jíjls. oapeA^^eii^ otho- 
meme EaprejBca kb pasjíH^Huirb »noxaM% v6Heipcoň jrarepaTypu. Yme 
vh cpexHOB^KOBod nodsíH obi Haiiinaerb crpeMjenie kb caMo6uTHocTH 
is. pasHopoAHocTL OTA^JBHUx^b TaiaHTOBiu MoH^e Bcero ero y^OBjexBO- 
XMien 9B ero HamoHajnsoiTE nyBCTB^ anoxa sjaccHi^sMa cb ea cxpeM- 
aeHieirb kb rapMOHÍM h spacoT^ <tK)pirb. PonaHTHSirb Hanaja F&Ka 
OWB c^Hraerb BosposA^BÍeirb Ba^ioBaibBaro Ayxa, uo&kMfiA repifancTBa 
Haj^ aHTHHHocTbX), ocBotioacieHíeirb <t>aHTasiH h AynieBHaro nox^beira, 
cKOBaHHaro vb sJíaccHnecRyK) dnoxy cTpeiijreHieirb vb aHTH^floĚ rapMO- 
híh. JlHTepaiypy poMasTViecKaro nepio^a Baprejnbci craBKrb oqenb bu- 

CORO, BHAH VB Hefi HinHHUfi pacaBirb HHAHBHAyaJHBlia H, BlfbCTi CB 

Ttirb, sanai^cB peajusifa, T.-e. co3HAaT6jbHoi ojiacTHqeeRofi cejoj, roto- 
pafl AiH Hero Binne bcarhxi HAeajracTH^ecsHxi oTBieienBocTefi. HaH- 

60áÍ^ BbfCOBO OBI CTaBlTb CTaptfiHIHXl pOMaHTHBOBl, VB 0C06eHH0CTH 

FejbAepjiHHra h HoBajHca, cb hxi qyTRHMi oTHomeHieirb kb npHpoA'& 
H CB WKB pe.iHrio3H£nfB (qysAmcH, OAHaso, BcaRaro AomaTHBMa) Ha- 
CTpoeBiflMH, VB ROTopuxi OWB BujijsTB no6i^Ay BBA^b MaTepíajiHSiioirb 
Xyni-ro B^Ra. Hsi^ otaíjibhuxi nHcaTOjefi dnoxH poMaHTHSMa Bap- 
Tejibci CTaBHTb ocoÓeHHo BHCOBO RjeficTa, CB ero cTpeMJieHieirb cooah- 

HHTb aHTHqHUe HAe&IU Cb COBpeHeHHUlíH H Cb ero CHJbHO pasBHTUirb 

peajiHCTHnecRHirb Tajianroirb. B% npeACTaBHrejflxi MJiaAHiaro noROJri^HÍfl 
poHaHTHROBi), BpeHTaHo, ApHHM'b H AP'i owh npeBosHOCHTb rjaBHinrb 
oópasoiTb npHBepseHHOCTb bb nai^oHajbHOMy npenuoiiy, kb HapoAHofi 
HOdsÍH. ynaAROirb poMaHTH3Ma 0H'b c^Hraeri yse OT^acTH noasix) na- 
TpioTHqecRHxi nŽBaoBi dnoxB ocBo6oAHTejbHUX'b BOfiffb, KSpnepa h 
ApHATa, HO ente fiojrbe „MOJOAyi) repMamiD** cfb ea (J)paHiíy3CRO-jH6e- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



834 raoTHHKi EBPOmi. 

* 
p&iBHEiMH TeHAeHuiflMH H ifipoBofi cRop($BK). FeĚHe, BépHe H Hxrb npH- 

Bepseei^ Hsepanuni, no ero iih'6hík), flaiposubiniň xjx^b wbneufiůt 

jiHTepaTypu, h iix'b BJdflHie saseTCii eiiy naryÓHiJifb. HaHÓojEBinee SHa- 

^eHie BaprejBCi npHjcaerB duo^b peajiHsiia, vb Koropoi onaTB oRptob 

HH;(HBHA7aiH3]r& h pasBiuacB cosHAaTejBHaa njacTH^ecKa^ cDOco6BocTb, 

KopeHun^aacii wb Esy^enÍH h BsoÓpanceniH ^'i^ĚcTBHTejikHocTH. PasBíme 

peajiHSMa oÓHHMaerB oepioA^B otb Koei^a 20-x% ao cepe^HHii 80-x'b roA<w& 

H Kasercji fiaprejBcy naHÓarbe nojHuiťB BupasemeirB HagioHajiBHaro 

Ayxa. „Mu ne MoseirB ce6i npeAcraBHTB HiiieECKoe xyAOsecTseHHoe 

TBopiecTBO, — roBopHTB OHB, — ^HHa^e, MŠifB TaRHMi, KaBHifB ero COSAaiH 

dTH peajiHCTS, H Aase wb micTO dCTeTH^ecKoirB oTHomeBÍH ohh HaM^ 

RasyTCA HaHÓojiie coBpeMeHHUMH**. SaqaTRH peajniBMa BaprejiBcrB bhahtb 

pjiaBHmrB ofipasoirB bb FéTe, wb aoBejjaxB Tfota, bb AP&Max'B FpHXB- 

napi^epa, a paci^Bi^TB ero ycM aTpHBaerB bb tbop^octbí xB^HaAiiaTH nepBO- 

BJiaccHUXB nHcaiejiefi, hbb BoropuxB mecTB HrpaDTB co3Hj(aTejQ»Hyi> 

poJB, a mecTB ApyrHx-B — xpaHHrejH h npoAOJaaTeJui cos^aHEaro hxb 

npeAinecTBeHHHKaMH. PoAOHaqajBHHsaMH pasjraiHuxB otijacTeň pea^H- 

CTHHecKaro TBopqecTBa offB c^HxaerB BHJHÓ&iBAa AjieRCHca, coB^asiDaro 

HCTopmiecsift poMavB bb FepMaaiH, ?apjiB8a GiuBc4>ejBAa, co^xanniaro 

8THorpa(}>H?6CKÍĚ poMaHB, lepeidH) FoTrejiB4Mt, ROTopuft nepBui cTajiB 

H3o6pasaTB HapoAHufi 6utb, A^aaiBCepra IQTH(|^epa, yrjiy^HBBiaroca bb 

H3o6paseHie npHpoAu, ^pHjcpHxa Te66ejui, TBopua ncHxojiorHqecRoi 

ApaMu, H Otto JlDABHra. Hxb npeeMHHSH— FycraBB ^peňTarB, ^pni^ 

PeftreprB, TeoAopB niTopMB, RiaycB FpoTB, Fot(í>phab KejuepB h Bojn- 

rejiBirB PaaÓe. Hstb bc&lb hhxb BaprejíBCB ocoiieHHO bucobo CTaBirrB 

Fe66ejiA, cxoaacb bb droifB OTHomeHÍH co bc^mh coBpeMeHHUMH spHTB- 

RaMH, npocjraBjflDn^HMH AOJiro nenoHATaro, hothhho BejHaaro Apam- 

Typra, ROTopuĚ no cbohitb saAa^aHB 6jh3ro noAXOAVJi kb H6c6Hy. 

Mu yse cRasajiH, tto rb HOBiňmed e^Mei^Rofi JHrepaTypb BaprejBCB 

OTHOCHTCA CB npeAy6&RAeHieirB, nocROJBRy ona wM^erb o^HKe-eBponei- 

críě xapaRTepB, h upocJiaBjfleTB bb neft nHcaraiefi, 0TBÍ«aK>iivxB ero 

noHHMaHho HauioHajiBHaro xapaRrepa repHancRoň Ry^iBTypu. — 3. B. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOHHKÁ. 835 



3MN;ib 30AA 

po^ 1840—15 (28) ceHT. 1902 f- 



TxfúoKoe Bne^aTjime npoHSBejia noBCD^y bíctb o óesBpeMeHHofi 
kohhhhí Qmjui 3ojiá. Owb npHHa^JiesaxL Kb HHCJiy Tbvb HeMHornx^ 
iiKcaTe^eň, Koropue ne tojlbo oópaTHJiH Ha ce6A BH^aHie esponeficEoň 
ujújaaai, ho h cbyM&iH yAepsaTB ero sa co6od bi npoAOJseme i;tjiux'B 
;^ec4rraiftTÍň. Hbbícthoctb Jíajacb eny erb 6oa, ho, oj(Ha»;ui npio6pi- 
TennaA, npoA04saja pacTH, jK^inAH^cb Bce óojTBme h óosbme. JIhto- 
paTjpHoe HaciiACTBo ero no hcthhí rpoMa^^Ho. IIIhpotí ero samicjioBTb 

COOTB^TCTBOBaja BIIXepsaHHOCTb H HeyTOMHMOCTb Blb HX^b HCnOJIHeBÍH. 

^HejioB^^ecsaA kousma'^ BajiLsaBa cos^a^acL caMa co6o]D, ho no 3a- 
paff&e o6;(yifaHHOM7 njiaHy; BHone^ PyroH^MaRKapoBi cjiosHJiacB, KaKi 
OAHO m&ioe, KB yvb afiTopa, npeac^e ntirb ea nepBUfl cxpaHHi^u bujíu- 
jUicb Ha 6yMari. MeHBme no o6n&eMy, ho eu^e 6ojrbe npoHHKHyTa BHyT- 
penHHifib ej^HHGTBoiCB TpHJom o Tpexi ropoAaxi. IIocjiijuiHifb cjoboitb 
SoHá, saBin^mieirB ero, ne tojibko jHTopaTypHuifB, ho h co^iaxBHO- 
nojoiTH^ecBHifB, AOJisHa 6ujia CAÍJaTBCJi eepia HeTiipex'B poHaHOBi, hsi 
KOTopiixx Bunuo B5» CBŠTB ABa („Fécondité" h „Travair) h Esmairb 
neqaTaHÍeMi TpeTÍň („Vérité"); nerBepriáň („Justice") e^Ba jih nanH- 
cEHi, HO KB 6yMararb nosoňnaro Hafi^OTCJi, 6utb MOserB, ero o6n^aH 
cxeifa. IIpHéaBHiťB vb droxy pannia poManu 3ojia („La Confession de 
Claude", „Thérěse Raquin*', „Madeleine Férat" h APyr.)» HHTepecHHe 
VB oco($eHHOCTH jí^ui HCTopÍH pa8BHTÍJi ero Tajanra, H'bcBOJ[BBO Apam 

H BOMexiA, HtCBOJIBBO TOMOffb KpHTH^eCKHX'B dTDAOBlk — H MH nOJty^HlTB 

0pfl6jH8HTej[BHyK) cyiofy Tpyxa, piARyx) bo bcíx^b jHTepaTypax'B. H 
Bce^aBH nHcaTejiBCBafl pa6oTa ne BcerA^ nor^on^ajia Bcero 3ojá. Cna- 
^ajia AajieBÍfi oři ]iHAH(]Mt)epeHTH3iia — ho ^apoiTB se ohb Ha3BajrB 
BpeMfl, npej^craBHTejiaiiH Roroparo aojshu 6ujh c^shtb ero Pyron^b- 
MaBKai»í, „^oxofi 6e3yid;i h no3opa^, — oub cTHJFb Majo-no-Majy, Kasnb 
H. MHorie h3'b ero npeAmecTBeHHHKOBi h cBepcTHHEOBi ($Jo6eprB, Foh- 
Kypu, JI^OAd, BypxeX p^niHTejBHuirB BparoMi hojihthrh. Owb i^hhjb 
Tojuco „nHcaHHyx) Muejn^**, tojtbbo nepeA'B hod npeKiOH&iCA, to^bbo b^b 
než bha&eb nyTB Kb (^escMepríK). 3aj;aHefi poMana owb npoB03rjacKrB 
co6HpaHÍe „^ejiOBiqecBHxi AOByiieflTOBrB", BOcnpoHSBeAeHHtixi cb bos- 
MOSHO dojBrnei) to^hoctbk) h bosmosho 65jibniHirb 6e3CTpacTÍeM%. „Ca- 

MUMH BeJIHBHlIH H3'B HaCB, — rOBOpHdTB OH'B ABaffiaTB JíJbTb TOMy HasajiCB, 

— Óy^yrB ne tí, Koropřie cTpeMHJHCL Kb jsjímemv) nejoBiBa, a t4, 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



836 BftCTHHXl BBPOnU. 

KOTopBie H3o6pasajH ero EaKHMi owb ecTB, bo eceft ero sHSHeHHoft 
npaBA^''. Ob TeqemeirB BpeiieHH, o^HaBO, vb 3ojiá coBepmaerca hobhA 
noBopoTb: OHI nepecTaen orpnaaTB SHa^eme rocjAapcTBeHHoĚ xkň- 
TaibHocTH, npEHHMaerB kl cep^i^y TeKyiii;La ABjieHÍA o6in.ecTBeHHoň shshh, 
sajtyMUBaercfl HaA'B „npoKJiflTUMH BonpocaifH^, nopuBaercjGí cjyssHTL 
„BejuiKHM^ i^fliTB B^Ra''. Bcero EavjíHjíflie dro BupadHJOCB bi yqacrÍH, 
KOTopoe OH-B npHHHJii KB jifkjA J(pefl(|>yca, — ho CjTÍ^au HOBaro HacTpoeHúi 
saifiTHii yse vh hocjíahhtb otk^jiiíj^ PyroH^B-MaKsapoBCROfi dnones 
(„Germinar, „Argent**, „Débicle**) h apRO BUcrynaioirB Ha bhx^ b% 
nocjiOT^ft ^acTH * TpHJioriH („Paris"). Rb „Travail" ohpb wfim emfi 
Aajn>me, cosxaBaa Hiqro Vh po^t yTonÍH, pncyfl RapTHHy seiaHHaro 
6YXjmfi,T0. ropaqifl TeimepaMeHrB, bí^ho Hmyo^iň yM^B — ne nodBcrazH 
elfy saMRHyTBCA HaBcer^a wb paĎo^eirB Ra6HHer6, 8a npejitjaMH roto- 
páro ofl'B OAHO bpomjsí HH^ero ne xotíjtb bh^^tb. Kt Heny BnonA iipn- 
míhhmo BOCRJHu^aHíe, ci KOTopmrB oÓpaTHJica ri caMOMy ee&k A- ^* 
niTpayci, npHcryDafl kb nocjirbAHeĚ ÓopBÓi ob cbohmh npoTHBHHxaxH 
(BHBBaHHoS ero kehtod: „Der Alte und der neue Glaube"): „Auf, alter 
Erieger, lass das Baugen und gúrte deine Lenden; im Storme hast du 
angefangen, im Sturme sollst du enden**. H b% drofl flocjri^efl 6ypi^ 
3ojá CTOHTB Bume, qtirB wb nepBoi. Tor^a ottb san^ntajTB, Birbert ch 
CBo6oAofi TBop^ecTBa, TaRÍA RpaftHocTH eA, ROTopua rpasH^aTB Cb yHH- 
seHÍeMi ECRyccTBa; TenepB owb Racajcji T^rB c<t>eprB, vb oonpHBOCHO- 
BenÍH c^ ROTopuMH HCRyccTBO TOpnaoTB rjyÓHHy h cuy. 

noxo(5Ho CTeHAajiH), BajBsaRy, ^o^a, ^Jiotiepy, FoHRypairB, 3ojiá H6 
6íiJFb qjienoMi <t>paHi^y3CR0Ě aRa^eniH, xota — 9b npOTHBonojroaRHoerL 
VHorHm H87» TOJiBRO-qTo HasBaHHux'B HHcaTaiei — hícrojbro pa3i» cva- 
BHJTB CBOE) RaHAHAaiypy. IIoqyBCTByeTB jh aRaxeiiifl xors TenepB, tto 
ea oniHfiRa, hhcrojbro ne ynaraKB penyTaiQH 3oJiá, HecoMHtoHo no- 
BpoAHJia eĚ caMoĚ, eme pas^B p^teRO no^epsayB^B ea HCRiDHHrenHocrB, 
6a oAHOCTopoHHOCTL? BescnopHO, iffb 3ojá HenpmrtHHMU (vrona, Bjrosefi- 
Hua R&TB-TO wb ycTa aRaxeMÍH no nono^y ciepro oxnoro hsi Macre- 
poBi 4^paHi^y3CRaro cjioBa (RaseTca— MojiBepa), ocxaBniHxca sa ea ctí^ 
HaMH: „Rien ne manqne a 8a gloire — il manquait á la nfttre''. CiaBa 
3ojiá He voserB 6utb HasnaHa nojraoĚ h 6e8ycjroBHoS; Vb ero xito- 
TejUkHOCTH eeTB H cjia6ua CToponiar, ero upoBSBe^eniá áe OearB ne- 
^ocraTBOBi — HO Bce-se oni croajTB na bhcotí, AOcfHraytot neiiHo- 
rHMR ero coBpeHeHHHRaMH, h ocTaanjrB HeHsnaAHmift cAjnb vb ^^pax- 
iQFSCRofl jniTepaTypi. Sna^enie TaRoro y^pes^enia, jstvb <|^Hity8csafl 
aRa^eifia, npaMo nponopiqoHaJBHo Tony, HacROJtBRO miipoRo h eBOtioxHO 
OHO oTBOpaerB cboh ABepn jí^e wbrb CRasaBurax^B, vb xyxosacTBeHHol 
ij^opMt, HOBoe, caMocToaTejRiHoe cjeobo. Hh^hi aRa^eina He Hona 6u 
.lyqnie onponepmyTB npeyBejnnieHHua otiBHHema, BSBeAeHHsa Ha nee 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



XPOfiHRA. — míMJÍh SÓJA. 837 

AoA9 vh „Immorter, sasi Bsópaniem dumfi 3ojá. EuTb HoserB, ona 
TOJiBRO oT&kaAUBajia ero co aha na a^hl, ee pimaflCB na oTCTynjieHie 
OT!B TjiaAHipft—HJH, jjqme CEasaxB, otb pyTHHu; ho CMepTb ho s^eirB, 
H norepa speHOBH oBasaiacb norepež HeBosepaTHoň. 

JÍ^E „BibCTflHEa Eaponu" 3ifHJiB 3oj[á 6hjb oco6eHno AoporB, saRi^ 
MHoroJiiTHid ero corpy^^HHEik, „IlapHSCRiA nncBMa" Eoroparo (^hcjoitb 62), 
CE 1875 no 1880 rr., cjyaMH yRpamemeMi atypHaJia *). 3a4cb no- 
irbn^aJHCB, ci^ 1872 r., cna^aja H3BjieqeHÍA mi> nepeux^B ^acieft „Py- 
roH^-MaBRapoBi*', dotomi nepeeoAU Eri^BOTopiix'B hsi qHCja noc^i^yK)* 
fl(HX'B qacT^, cno€o6cTBOBaBinie osHaKoiiJeHiK) pycoBoft njŮJawi cb ^a- 
poBamem 3aiá. HaqHHaA ci 1880-ro ro^a, ony 6ujn> nocBHn^eHi Biu 
„B^THHirb EBponu'' j^nHHufl p^jTB CTarefi; fb ojcHofi h3% hhtb ') 6wí9l 
pa3C][0Tp6Ha nocTpoeHHaii hitb Teopia aKcnepHMeHTajrBHaro poHana, bi 
;^pyroÉ (1882, J* 8) ^ana oómaa xapaKTepHCTHKa 3ojrá, KaKi poMaHHCTa, 
ocHOBaHHaa aa nepBim aocath — e;i;HHCTBeHHuxi, noABHBniHxca si Tony 
BpeveHH — poMaHax'B PyroffB-MaKKapoBCKaro líHKJia. Hai nosAH^flmHx^ 
Hacreft aroro ipnura kb „B'6cTfiRKi Esponu^ óujíh pa3o6paHu mecTB: 
„An bonheur des dames" (1883, 3* 6); „La joie de vivre" (1884; 
JÉ 11); „Uoeuvre** (1886, J6 6); „L'argent** (1891, ^ 4); „Germinar 
(1892, JÉ 7) H „La débácle* (1892, J6 9). 

R Apcbhbbbih 
17 ceHTi^px 1902. 



'^I Bi 1878 roixy, „IlapHJRCKÚi nHCbxa", sa nepBiie TpH roxa (1876 — 1877 r.) 
ŮBum BsxaHH 0TfájihEUM% TOMOx-B, noAi sarjaBieMi: „IIapHxcKÍA iniCBxa, h3i iHTepa- 

TypH H XH3HH. 1875—1877*^. Bl STOTI TOMI BODOH HCKJDHHTeJIbHO RpHTHieCKÍfl CTaTbH, 

ycoiBmiii o6hjitb oohth bcd coBpeifeHHyi) (|)paHi(y3CRyi) jHiepaiypy B^ rjiaBHiftiiiExi 
ex npexcraBHreiBXi. fpaeityBCKifi opHrHHan „ničem*',— sasi Torxa 6iuo savi^efio 
aaM&,^oeiaetcji nota vh pyxoinnm; airopx coihipaercB izi raxan^,— n6 on ■ 
McaoĚWWh, Bo OBoiraaHÍH caoím KC^peenoHxeaiMŘ bi 1880 roxy,— oÓmchhbi b% ope- 
XHoroBÍH, noiexy ero „UHCBiia" aoixhu 6ujih abetsca no-pyccsH ropasjío npexjie opn- 
niHajia. Ki BocnoMHHaHiuMi o noRottHOin. h si oi^hkí ero A^^6JbH0CTH „BicTHHBy 
EspooH" fle paai eoie, sipojiTHo, npExeicA BosBpaTHTBca.— Ped. 

') 1880 r., Jé 1, „Ck)Bpe]reHHHfi poMaai vb ero npexoTaBETejjai**. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



838 BMTHHBl 8BP0DH. 



Haii OBlUECTBEHHOf) XPOHNKN. 

1 0KTfl6pfl 1902. 



IIpaBHJia o npo(t>eccopcKOMi cyxi, o KypaTopaxi, o KypcoBiix'b coÓpaHÚizi h crapo- 
CTaxi. — C.-nexepóyprcidĚ nojniTexHH?ecRÍft HHCTHTyn. — „YHEBepcHTerb hjh doih- 
TexHHKyMi^V — ^ecaTKfflTie <|)HHaHcoBaro yupaBieiiiA. — KoHrpeccb BpHMKHaiHCTOBi w% 
neTepóypri. — Pissie BOHrpacni.— CrpaHHHfl pascyxxeHu upexnpvHiMaTeju. — Bosmox- 
Hafl cyxeÓHafl onniÓKa— HflrepecHHft Boupoci.— C. H. GrapHBKeBvii f. — Post-scríptum. 

TIpeo6pa30BaTe;[BHafl paóoxa vb o6jiacTH Bucmaro otipasoBaHÍa, TasB 
niHpoBO naiaTafl npH n. G. BaHHOBCKOiťb, ne ocTaHOBiuacB h npH ero 
npeeMHRKi. 06HapoAOBaHHHfl ne^aBso BpeMeHHUfl upaBua, 24-ro aBrycxa, 
BHocaiTB MHoro HOBaro h noiesHaro b% siiaHb yHHBepcHTexoBi h jQ)y- 
FHx^B BUcmHxi jneÓRuxi, saBe^eHÍĚ. JI^HcannjiHHapHue npocTynsH CTy- 
jífinTOWb, no^uesaBíme bža'í^hí]d npaBjíemfl, bhobb noA^HneHU iipo4>eccop- 
CBOMy cyAY, yHHHTOseHHOMy yHHBepcHTercRHM-B ycTaBom 1884-ro ro^a. 
GocTaBi npaBjeHÚi onpeji;ÍJUieTCfl HCKjrH)qHTejBHO ns^Eememewb MHHHCTpa 
HJTH nonemmejía. y^eÓHaro ospyra; rjiaBHua ero 4>yHKaÍH hmídtb aWH- 
HHCTpaTHBHo-xosjiĚCTBeHHuS xapaKTBpB, coBepmeHHO OTJonnuŘ (yrb sa- 
Aa^i cy^a. JI^HCííHnjHHapHaA BjracTL npaBjieHÍA He čiua, npHTOirB, tohho 
OTi^paHH^eHa otb Bjacrn peRTopa (jbuík ^(HpeBTopa) h HHcneBTopa; He 
6ujrb ycTaHOBjeffB nopa^ORi npoHSBOACTBa AHCUiHnJHHapHUXi jijbjrh. drHirB 
aHOMajdjaíiTB uojaranrB kohcu^^ BpeMeHHUfl npaBHja. HjieHu cy^a (bi» 

^ECJrh DflTH HJIH TpeXl) H BaHJ^HAaTBI Rl HHITB (bI TOMl XB HHCll) 
H36HpaiDTCH COB^TOITB H31 IHCJia Iipo4>eCCOpOB%, Ha OJLEWb TO^b^ H 

yTBepsAaDTCJi bt> aojishocth none^HrejieirB yne^earo oxpyra; o^Horo 
H3i HHxnb coB^TB HSÓHpaeTB npeAC^AATejieiTB cy^a. TairB, r^t ecTb 
DpHAH^ecKid <|)aByjibTerB, no KpafiHeft uipk ojijiwh h3i cy^eĚ h oahvb 
H3% BaHAHAaTOBx SI cyABfliTB A0J2KHU npHHaAiesaTB vb dTOny <|»aKyji>- 
Tery. IIpo^^eccopcRÍft cy^r^ ecTB Burbcrb (tb t&m*b h oÓBíHHrejiBHafl Ba^ 
Mepa: no:iy^raB'B otb na^awiBHHBa y^eónaro daBe^em bbcb no;^exaiiqĚ 
cyAeÓHOMy pascMOTpbmiD MaTepiajTB, owb o6cy»A&eTB CHaqajra sonpoci 
o npHBJíe^eHÍH o6BHHAeMaro si cyAe6Hoň otbítctbobhocth, h toibbo wl 
cjyiiai yTBepAHTejBHaro ero pimeHÍA npHerynaeTB Kb cyxeÓHOiiy pas- 
ÓHpaTejTBCTBy, BusuBan o^BHHHeifaro h AonpamHBaA, vb eronpEefrcTBÍH, 
CBH^^Tejefi. IIpHroBopH, BOTopsHH Ha3Ha^aiDTCH 6ojrbe cxpom BBHCsaHiii 
(ne HHse yBOjiBHeHifl h8% y^eÓHaro saBe^eHia), npeACiasjusíDTCJi HaqaiB- 



Digitizedby VjOOQIC _ 



HS^B OSn^EOTBEHflOfi XPOHHBH. 839 

HHKOirB y^eÓHaro saBe^eHÍa, Ch ero saxJiDqeHieiťb, na yTBepxj^eme no- 
neqffrejifl y^e^earo ospyra; bcí ocraibHue npHroBopu (c^tAOBaTejíBHo — 
H onpaBAaTejBHue) BCTynaDn fb cHjy eeifeAJieHHO 00(^*6 hxi nocra- 
HOBJíenifl. H3% ^HCja saucRamfi, HajíaraeMUX'B AHcaHOJiiiHapHuirB cy- 
Aowhy HCRjiD^eHO saKjDqeHÍe vb Rapaepi^; sarJbrB ohh o6pa3yE)Ti> cjrb- 
jiynmyK) jrbcTHHay: 1) BaMt^aHie, 2) BBiroBopi^, 3) jrameme npaBa y?a- 
CTBOBaTB Břb RypcoBiixik co6paHÍax^ H 6ííTh HsépaHHuirb Wh RypcoBBie 
crapocTU, 4) nepeBOA'B na cpora He cBuine o^Horo nojyroAia vffb cry- 
xeBTOBi Bi> BOJTbHocjymaTejH, 5) HpaBCTB6HHoe nopHBiaHie, cBepx'b bbju- 
CKaflifi, yEasaHHUxi vb nyH. 3 h 4; 6) yBOJbEOHie ii9b yqeÓHaro aase- 
jieHiff Ao Hanajia 6jiiisainiaro hjih cjÍAyK)maro sa hhitb yieĎuaro roxa, 
7) yjumeme vffh A^tHEaro yqe6uaro BaBe^emfl 6e3% cpona, h 8) hcsjik)- 
^eflie 6631 npasa nocTyuHTB wb Apyroe Bucmee yqeónoe aaBeAeme. 
HHCflerropi^ Bucmaro yqefiaaro saBe^eHúi MOserB o67>flBjiaTB co6ctb6h- 
Hon BjacTBH) saiiiqaHie, a naqajiBHHirB saBe^^eHia — najiaraTB cjt^yDupA 
BaHCKaHÚi: 1) savt^aHie, 2) BuroBopi», 3) BpeiieHHoe sanpememe noeb- 
maTB yqeÓHoe BaBe^eme h 4) npeA^oseme no^aTB npomeme oírb yBOJiB- 
HeHÍH H3ib yqeÓHaro saBeAema. Jí^íí Haci ne coscbwb hcbo, no^eify pa^oMi 
<7B ROjrjieriajiBHinii npo(|>eccopcRHirB cy^oirB, ^peACTaBJIiIK>íI^I]rB cyme- 
cTBeHHo BasHua rapaHTÍH npaBsuBsaro h BcecropoHHjnx) pascMorp^Hifl 
A^a, ycTaHOBjflercfl en;e cyA'B eAHHOJH^Hui, oÓJie^eHHiiň secBMa mHpo- 
KBMH npaBaMH. SaMi^ame h BuroBoprB — ne BBucBamfl bi nojmowh eMucxb 
cjiOBa, H npoTHBi oÓxaB^eHÍJBí hxti HaHajiBHHBOirB y^eónaro saBe^ema hh- 
nero BospaBHTB uejih^n; ho BanpemeHie noctmaTB y^e6Hoe saBe^eme h, 
t£icb 6ojrbe, npejuioseHie noAaTB trpomeme o&b yBo^HeHÍH — npeji;jioseHÍe 
soHeHHO, ofífldaxejiBHoe jí^jih. Toro, r^ ROMy oho o6pameHO, — dro Mipu 
BecBMa cepBesHHfl, Horyn^a Tasejo orosBaTBoa aa Óy^yn^eirB cTyjieHra. 
OcToposEÍe 6uA0 6u, RasoTca, npHHiiHaTB hxi ho HHaqe, RaRi no 
cyxy- HojiBBa ho o6paTHTB BHHMaHie na cjitAynii^yK) aHOMajíi): nocTa- 
HOBJíeme iipo<{>eccopcRaro cyAa oftB yBoiBnenÍH Effb yieónaro saBoxema, 
xora 6u h 6e3% BOcnpen^eHia HeMeji^eHHaro nocTyojeHia Bi^pyroe sa- 
BexeHie, Tpefiyen yTBepsAeHÚ^ none^HTOjra yqeóearo OBpyra — a paBHO- 
CMBHoe eMy, wb cynpocTH, npoAJioiKeHÍe Ha^ajBHHRa yne^Haro saBOA^Hia 
FB TaBomb yTBepacA^HÍH ne Hyac^aeTCa. He yRasasi cpoRi, na Roropuň 
Ha^ajBHHRi MOSOTB BocopBTHTB nocbn^eHíe yqeónaro BaBe^enia, MesAy 
tíitb Rasi A^a Mipu neate cypoBOň — nepesoAa, no nocTaBOBjíeHÍS) cyAa 

H8l CTyAOHTOBTb Vb BOJIBHOCJiyniaTeJIH, — HaSHaneHl CpOSl AOBOJIBHO RO- 

poTKÍi (ne CBume oahofo yqeÓHaro noJiyroAÍa). HeAORasanHoi) Raserca 
BaiTB, A&JrÍ6, ^bjiecoo6pa8HOCTB yTBe])asAeRÍa uohobi npo4>eccopcRaro 
qrAft none^HTejeiTB yqeČHaro ORpyra. Mu snaeirB, tto npMHi^Hn^ yTBops- 
AeBÍa H36HpaeMux'B aojurhocthuxi jhiicb npeACTaaiaerca, ci» HÍROTopux'B 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



840 ncrmoffh bbpoiui. 

nopb, rocDOACTBynn^HMi wb Hamem saKOHOAaTaibcrrt; ho ohi npmcb- 
HfleTCfl o6uBHOBeHHO iPb H3($paHHHKaH% TasHiTB y^pes^eHiA (seMCBHrb, 
ropoACBHx^b, ABopflHCBHrB H T. n.)* npHHa^JieiKaTB «h Boropiarb mosho 
H óeai aj^MHHHcrpaTHBHOft caHR^iH. Meauiy Tbwb iipo4>eccopa, coeraB- 
jíSKnn^e contrB Bucmaro y^eónaro saBe^eHÍa, B&b 6earb RBunia nasva- 
"vaDTCH HJíH yTBepsAaDTCfl npaBHtejibCTBeHHOK) BJiacTLio H, cjri^oBa- 
TejBHO, B(A Moryrb c^HTaTLca chocoÓhumh kl HcnpasjeraK) B&kTb o6fl- 
BaHHocreň, conpaseHHsx^B cb 3BaHÍeirB npo((>eccopa... Biiojih'^ npaBKiB- 
HiíMH H CHMnaTHqHUMH npe^ncTaBjfliDTCfl, c% Apyroň CTopoHU, coo6pa- 
senifl, vb CHjry Roropux^B npHSHaHo HeHysHUiTB oirpejííbxBTh „ycraHaB- 
jUBaBmeecA aohbihí to^hob cooTBÍTCTBÍe nsBibcTHaro HaRasamfl Tony bjol 
ApyroMy npocTynRy^. no^o^Haa per^aMeHraais-^no cjiOBairB ynpaBJuno- 
n^aro MHHHCTepcTBOifB Hapo;^Haro npocB'bii^eHÍJi — „cri^HAJia 6u Tonso 
jíjbarejihBocTh cyxa, sacraBJíaa ero opnirbnaTB OAHHaaoBO ro BdbrB npo- 
BHHHBiDHMCA iTpeAycMOTpiHHoe npaBKJiíaMH MMi AaHHaro npocTynRa b3íi- 
CRaHíe, Torxa RaRi sejiaTejrBHo, Hao6oporB, npejD^ocTaBJíeHie cy^y ihh- 
poRaro npocTopa ji;jia oapeA^JreHk creuems jraraot bhhobhocth Rasj^aro 
H9B noAcyji;HMux'B. TaRofi npocropi^ cooTB'bTCTByerb bhojto^ ocHOBHot 
mjífii ^^ucoHnJHHapHaro čy^a**. 

Mnoro xopomaro o6*maeTi vh 6yjcymeirB yHpeameeie RypaTopoKB, 
eciH evy cysj^eHO nycTHTb npowe RopHH na namefi no^at. „IIpM 
RasAOMi Rypci Bucmaro yqe6Haro saBe^eBifl Hir&eTi coctoatb Rypatopi 
Ji9h qHCJia npeno^aBaTejet AaHHaro yqe6Haro saBe^eHia. KypaTop^ Hata- 
jmercii coB'i^TOirb na roAHqHtti hjih HeaBiirifi cpoRi juía pyROBOAHTejB- 
cTBa cTy^enraMH H3BtcTHaro Rypca. KypaTopy npeíocraBJíaeTca ycTpaa- 
BaTb co66cÍAOBaHifl cfh RypcoifB, corjiacHo HHCTpyRQÍH, BHpa6aTUBaeM0ft 
C0BÍ^T0irB.KypaT0i»i o6pa8yE)ir& rommhccík), cocToantyi) no;i;:b npeAci^aTejo.- 
CTBom peRTopa (^RpeRTopa), ]Uía coBir&CTHaro o6cyaBji;eHia ccoTBi^TCTBeH- 
Huxi jfjbjFb^ RacaiHi^HxcA pasHUx^b RypcoBi, ýaay JETeroBi h oi^i^^^Hit. 
KocTaHOBJíeHia romiíhccíh aojishu 6uti> HaopaBJíeHU vb corjaooBaHÍD 
j^cTBifl RypaTopoBi. KoMMHCcia isjyb HHCja cbohxi* ueHaBi B£i6ffpaen 
TOBapHma npe^íctíaTejía. Bi rÍTb cjiyqaarb, ROr^a pearopi (joipesToprB) 
He npHcyTCTByen vb sac^A&Hijixi ROMMHcdH, 3pe3.cÍA&TejiBCTByen wh 
Heft TOBapHmB npeAC^xaTeja''. Harb Toro, hto btb npaBHiarB roBopHTCoi 
o npenodc^amejMXhj a ne o npo4>eccopax'E, ciÍAywB saRiD^HTB, wo 
RypaTopavH MoryTB 6uTb HBtíHpaeim h upnaarB-AOi^eHTU. droiiy mosho 

TOJIBRO COiyBCTBOBaTB; CpeW npHBaTB-AOaeHTOBTB, RaRB JOĎMfii MOJIO- 
AUXl, CpaBHHTeJBHO HeAaBHO OROH^HBniHXl Kyp(7B H tareHHO HOTOMy 

^jrasRO cTOHn^HTB íPb yqan^eftca MOJio^esH, MHorie, no BceS b^porthocth, 
BupasflTB roTOBHOCTB nocBATHTB 3Ha?HTejn>HyK) qacŤB cBoero BpeHera 
otfn^eHiiD co cTyji^eHTaMH h (rByMibc^TB iipio6p6cTH hxi jífivbfiie h pacno- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



H31 QBQ^ECTBBHHOft XPOHHKH. 841 

jioseflie. Mu babě jh oiiiHÓeifCJi, ecjra csaseifE^ hto syparopu Bffs> 
^Hcxa npHBan-AoiieHTOBii oKasyrca oco(5eHHo no^xo^flnpíMH jí^ CTy- 

JífiSaOVb BIiI(»IIHX'B BypCOBl, ySB npHBHBIBHXl Kh CaMOCTOJITeAHOfi SH3fiH, 

a npo<t»6ccopa, 6ojAe onuTHue h 6ojAe ypaBHOB&neHHue, ůyxjrh jryn- 

HDOni pyBOBOAHTeJIflMH A^fl CTyAeHTOKb nepBOBypCHHKOB^ TOJ[LBO-^TO 

coiii6AinHX!B co niKOJBHOĚ CBaMBH. DocTaBETB — „den rechten Mann an die 
reehte Stelle^ (SyAen, Bnpoqeifb, npH3BaHie]n» cobítb, xopomo SHaBO- 

MarO (TE JHHHHMH CBOŽCTBaMH RBSABrO npenOABBaTeJfl. ?T0 HHCTpyBI^iH 

BjpaTopairb ne yeraHOBím HHsaBHxib hsjhoihhxi crieHeHifi, ne orpa- 
HHHHTB CBo6oAy aUctbíě, HeoÓxoAHMyD AJiA ycnixa HOBoi opraHHsa- 
JSJLB — ^pynaTejbCTBoifs Tony cjiyaHrB cocTBBJíeBie ea coB^TOirb. BoJíBinyD 
uwasj MoxeiTB npHHecTH h kohmbccíb aypaTopoKB, ecjus. tojbro Bosjía- 
raeMafl na Hee saAaia— „corjacoBanie xhŘcstíA BypaTopoBi" — ne 6yAeTB 
DOHaTB vb CMHCJii ycTaHOBjieHÍa OABoo6pa8Huxi npaBHJTB, Bce upeAy- 
cMaTpHBaDii(Hxi» H DpeAp^aDiilHX'^. fiacBOiBBO xejiaTeJEHo orcyTCTBÍe 
ApsHxi H P&3BHXI npoTHBopt^ífi, — HacTOJBBO neoóxojsfiwb inHposifi npo- 

CTOprB JUÍSL JH^^HOň HHHI^aTHBIiI, npHMi^HHDn^eiCA Kh 06cT0flTeJIBCTBair& 

KEJCAaro OTA'&iBHaro C3yqaji. H'&BOTopua couniBui BostfyaBAaero bi^ nacB 
npaBEio, BTb CHJiy BOToparo sypaTopi Hoxerb óarh Hs^HpaeirE aa ro- 
AH^Hufl HJH Mentrniů cposi. HŠM'b AOJune BypaTopi ocTaercA na 
CBoeiTb QOCTy, rbwh BipoaTH^be Ttcnaa cBa3B Me»Ay bhitb h Bypcoifb, 
CTOJB BasEBA AJiB upasniBEaro xoab a^b* KypaTopy Eeo6xoAflMO Tň^- 
soTopoe BpeMJi, htoÓjbi yssaTB CBoft Rypci e 6utb Eirb y3EaEEUH'B. Me- 
BHMajibsuĚ cpoKB A^^ 8Toro— roA'B; AJB ooKpan^eEii[ ero mh ec beaeitb 
HHBaBEX'B ocEOBaEiň. KoHeHso, B£[6opB ABEEaro xmj^ MoaceirB oRasaTbca 

OniE^BOň, — EO B^AB OEB BOSMOXEa E EpE BCABOMl APyrOMl BUÓOp^, B 

MesAy rkwh cpoKE EsópaEls 6ójn>nieH) nacTBio npoAOJisETejbfl'6e, wbm> 
OAHEX roA'B. 

HoBUifE EpaBEJíaME se AonycKaH)TCfl ee oóe^íh co6paEÍB CTyAesTOB^b 
Bcero yqečflaro saBeAeEÍa, ee co6paEÍB cTyAeETOB^ no <)>aByjrbTeTairb 
HJiE OTA'i^eBÍBirb. Co6paEia CTyAeETOBi no sypcairB cosuBaDTca JiaÓo 
no pacEopaxeEiK) poBTopa (AEpesTopa), jíe6o, cb cor-sacia ero, no eo- 
HEEy KypaTopa, KOTopaň vh nocJ!4AHeM'B cjry^ai e npeAciABTejbCTByen* 
vfb co6paEÍE. Ha KypcoBuxi cofipaBiax-B, bi cjiyqai xe;iaEÍE CTyAeB- 
TOBi, AonycKaoTea npeAc4AaTejBCTByH)ni,EMi» peKTopoiTB (AEpeKTopoirB) 
HJiE KypaTopoiTb ESÓpaEie sypcoBUX^b CTapocTB es^b ^mcja CTyAeETOBi 
ABEEaro Bypca. CxapocTU ESÓEpauTCE eb roAEHEuň eje MeflBmiň cpoicB 
AJia cEomeEiĚ no a^bitb Bypca ci npenoAaBaTejiULME e BAMEEECTpaAieĚ 
ABEsaro yneÓEaro daBeAOflia e a-^h EcnojiEeEia sacaDE^EXCE CTyAeETOKb 
noAJiexan^aro Bypca nopyqenifi peKTopa (AEpeETopa) ejie npenoABBaTejiE- 
KypaTopa. noApoÓEaa EECTpyBuiB oxEocExejibEO BypcoBUX'B co6pafliĚ, 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



842 BftCTHBBl ÉBPOIDI. 

Buóopa CTapocTb, qHCJia nocjFkjífljmi^^ nopaAsa htb yTseps^OHÍa h t. e. 
cocTa&ifleTCfl covbtowb. ^onycsaercji o6pa30BaHÍe Hay^HEixi h onrepa- 
TypHuxiKpysBOBi, nojTB pysoBOACTfioirB npo<t)eccopoBi h Apymxb npe- 
noAasaTejieĚ j^aHearo 8aBe;(eHÍH, corjiacHO xo^aTaftcTBairB, npexeraBjreH- 

HBIITB peBTOpy HJIH AHpeSTOpy OTb HMeHH OITpeA'Í^eHHEIX'b CryA^HTORB, 

qep68i> cooTB'bTCTBeHHue <j[>aByjiBTeTu hjh OTA^JieHiA. ycraBU BpysBOBi, 
BupaóoTUBaemie noA^esan^HiiH ({MtRyjbxeTaMH hjh oTA^jemiíMH, yrBeps- 
AaDTCA coBÍToin». PyBOBo^z^HrejiBCTBO spyxBOirB Boaiaraerca ^Ejxhre- 
TOiTE (oTA^jeHieiTB), HO npHHaAJiesHocTH saeeApi, na ]ipo4>eccopa» isair- 
ABHBmaro sedáme npHHATb ea cetia cooTBtTCTBeHHUA oÓflsaHHOCTH, hjih 
Ha oj^Horo H3i ;Q)yrHX'B npenoj^aBaTejefi, ci corjiacifl nocjrtAHaro. Py- 
BOBOAHTeiBCTBO BpysBaMH js,J[a 3aHflTÍtt HCByccTBaMH, 4>H3H?ecBHMH jiipaaB- 
HeHÍAMH H T. n., BasoBue Kpy»BE AonycBaDTCA no xoAaTaftcTBairB cry- 
j^eHTOBi Bi KOMMHCcii) KypaTopoBi, — BB*paeTca peKTopoirb (AHpeKTopoirb), 
Ha ocHOBaHiH nocTanoaieniji eommhccíh, npHr^ameHHiarB j^juí toto jra- 
usarb. Boopocu o&h opraHHsaiiiH cryAOHHecBHx^B (SHÓJioreffb h ^HTajeni, 
cTOJOBUx^b H HaftHux'b, Eacd H T. H. — paac]raTpHBaK>TCfl npaBjeHíeirB npH 
yqacTÍH komhhccíh KypaTopoB^. IIoAaqa aApecoBi, npeAcraBjeHie koi- 
jieBTHBHUxi npomeHií, nockURa ^enyraTOBi, BucTaBoreme o&baBjeBjŘ 
6e3^ pa8p'&meHifl HHcneRiÚH, ycTpoflcTBo c6opHii^i», npoHSHeceHie iij6jan- 
uhncb p^qeň, A^nesBue cfiopu h boo6ii];6 BC^Baro po^a KopnopaTHBBHJi 
A'i^ňcTBm, HenpeAycMOTptHHMH npaBH^auH, ne AonycBaDTCfl. 

He BacaACb saupen^eniS, ycTaHOBJuieMurB hobumh npaBHjaMH, ocra- 
HOBHMCA Ha ToiTB, HTÓ OHH pasp^maDiTb. O BypcoBUTB co6paHÍflrL 
MosHo CKasaTB TO se caHoe, qxó o RypaTopax'B: ecjH ohh npHBbKircii 
Ha Hameft noqB'6, otb hhx'l cxl^yerb osH^aTb snaqHTejTBHoft nepeni^HH 
Kb wiyqmeify wb sh3hh BUcmHX'L msojb. Bsatua vb coBOBynnocTH, ohh 
MoryrB BLipa3HTi> cfb AOCTaToqHOH) achoctle) MH'bHÍe hjth HacTpoeme 
UÍjioě mKOJu. EcjiH Kyparopa 6yAyTB nojtaoBaTtca HaAjeawiiimirB aBTO- 
pHTeroMi, OHH eABajiH bctpítati Kam-JHÓo saxpyAHeHiH vb C03UBÍ 

KypCOBUXl C06paHÍfi; nOCJI*AHÍH BOŘ^yn Vb OÓHXOAlb, CAtjiaK>TCA qilTB-TO 

npHBBiqHuiťB, saypHAHuiTb h nepecTanyrB BHymaTb onacenui, Tart 
AOJiro MtmaBmiA hx^b 0(|)<{)HaiaiBH0My npHSHaHiio. I],'kiecoo6pa3HOCTb 
yqpeaACHia KypcoBHxi CTapocTB ^asHo yae AOKasana npaKTHBOD BoenHO- 
MeAHiiHHCKofi aKa^eiriH. íto roCpanie KypcoBHx^b CTapofTn hpohsboahtca 
ne HHaqe, Kairs no sejřaniio nypca — axo bhojhí paiíioHajbHo; o&i3a- 

TBJlbEUŘ BLl6opi MOPB 6u HO COCTOHTECA HJH HOCJySHTB HCTOqHHBOlfB 

BsaHMHHxt HeyAOBOJLCTBift H He^opasyMiflíĚ. K^ cpoKy HsÓpamA cra- 
pocTii npHirtHHMo, xoTH H Bi^ MeHEHieft CTeneHH, saM^qanie, c^i^annoe 
HaMH oTHocHTOJibHo cpoRa HSÓpaHía RypaTopoB'b. ycrpoflCTBO Hayqnuxi 
H JHTepaTypHHx-B Rpy»ROB% óyAerb sipoOTHO aaBHciTb, de facto, (m 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



^j_ 



H3^ Ofin^EOTBEHHOfi XPOHHSH. 843 

4MLsyj&TeTa (hjh ot;(6ji6híji), hto sHa^HTeiBHO oójer^im h ycRopiTFb 

Bp83HKb HX^B Kh BOBEM. Hs^B TOFO, HTO XO^aTaSCTBO 0^ yCTpoflCTBŽ 

xpyssa AOJSHO h;(th otb ^onpefl,^euiiwiT> cTy^^eHTOBi^, en^e ne cjA- 
xyerb, Bone^Ho, ^to($h b% cocravb xpyssa HorjH BxoAHTb tojbbo o^hh 
HHHipaTopfi xoAaTaicTBa; hhito, noBHj^RMOMy, ne MoaseTB noM^maTB 
]ip]fcoeAHH6HÍi> vb HHiTB Apyrsxi CTy^^eHTOffB, H npHTOiTB 6681 pasjíH^is 
^^yjBTeroBi. ^a KpyxsoBi JCHTepaTypHuxi 8T0 nocjrbj^Hee pasyirJ^eTCH 
eaMo coÓod; ho h vAjmut spysoRb (HanpHHibp^ HCTopiraecBifi hjih (|)h- 
joco^^ii) Hoserb 6utb HnrepeceH^ ne AJta oahhx^b tojbbo o6fl3aTejrbHO 
HsywDii^HXi j^aHHyi) naysy. Cob^tb, otb EOToparo (Sy^erb sasHciTb 
7TBepsA6Hie ycraBOBib apyssoB^, OTHecerca bo Bdkwb nojSfiÓEnwh bo- 
npocaifb, 6681 coHHtma, no bosmotrhocth mnpoKO. ,3^ coxpaHemfl 
exHHCTBa A^CTBÍň 6iuo 6íi, Raa^ nairb aasercA, J[yqni6, ecjiH6u pas- 
pr6HreHÍ6 BonpocoBi o6i> op^aHH3a^iH cTyA6H^6CBHX'b 6H6jrioTeKi, HHxa- 
jĚewb, cTOJOBHxi, HafiHuxi, Raccb 6bLio npe^ocTasjíeHo oahoě kommhc- 
cíh RypaTopoBb, ci sa^aHajfii ROTopoft ohh CBAsanu HecpasHenHO 6ojbine, 
^ťkuch cfb sa^anaMH iipaBJ[6Hiii. Tasí, B^poaTHo, h 6yAeTb cirbJíaHo, Ror^a 

KOMHHCCÚI KypaXOpOBB yCIlÍ6Tb SaABHTb ce6i[ Ha npaRTHB^. 



TojbRO-qro oTRpuruň c.-neTep6yprcRÍá nojiHT6XHHqecRÍŘ HHCTHryrb 
OTJHHaeTCfl OTb ApyrHxi aHajiorHqHux'b mROJrb ycrpoftcxBoirb B'b ero 
cocrabi dROHOMHqecRaro OTA^jreHÍA, flBjíAiDii^arocJi y naci vh Poccis 
nepBUirb odutomi npHenoco6ji6HÍA DpHj^qocRHxi h dBOHOMH^ecKHxi 
SHEHifi Kh Tpe6oBaHÍHirb npoMuiiLioHHocTH. TTpeAMeTaMH npenoAdBaHifl 
KB dToiTb 0T;(&ieHÍH 6y;iy'rb 6orocjiOBÍe, HCTopk xoBaňcTBeHHaro 6uTa 

Wb CBaZE CT> HCTOpiefi nOJHTiraeCROft dROHOMÍH, Teopifl nOJIETH^eCEOfi dRO- 

HOMÍH, npHKjaAHaji nojHTHqecRaa dEOHOiriji, craTHCTHRa, nayRa o ^n- 
HaHcax'b, 9HiprauioneAÍfl npaBa, HCTopia, rocy^apcTBeenoe npaso, rpas- 
AaHCRoo npaBO, ToproBoe npaBO, BeRcejbHoo npaBo, MopcRoe npaBO, rpaac- 
AaHCROo H ToproBOo cyAonpoHSBOACTBO, yrojiOBHoe npaso h npouieccb, 
MeaEAyeapoAHoo npaBo, o6in;ee seiíJieB^Ai^Hie, aROHOMH^ecRafl reorpa^)!^, 

4}>H3HRa, XHMia, T0Bap0BÍA'Í^HÍ6 Cb T6XH0JI0rieK), cq6T0B4íc4HÍe, TCOpifl 

BŽpoaTHocTež, ()>HHaHeoBiifl BUHHCjreHÍA h HHocTpaHHue A81IRH. Bi pas- 
BHTÍ6 8TUXI npeAMeTOBT* Ha oTA^JieHifl Moryrb ^HTaTbCA cneii;iajrbHH6 
Rypcu: no xexHHRi no^aTHoro .íftia, 4)a6pHqHOMy saRono^aTejitCTBy, 
sejÍ3HOAoposHKiM<b TapH4)airb, TaMoasennoMy h crpaxoBOMy A'^y, 3R0- 
HOMH^ecRofl reorpa<j)iM OTjifkuhm^jfb cípanb, OTA'hJbHHirb rpynnan-b to- 
BapoB^b, pa8Hiarb BHi^airb c^eTOBO^CTBa (6aHR0B0My, ({)a6pHqH0My, ceibCRO- 
xosflttcTBeHHOMy H AP*)) ROMuepqecBHirb BiiqncjeHiHMi, ROMMopqocRoň 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



844 BftOTHHKb SBPOmi. 

BoppecnoHAeHi^iH h npo?. npeno^aBame conpoBOSAaerca ynpasHeHÚuni 
H npaKTHqecKHKH saHjrrúuiH b^ yHe6Ho-BciioMoraTeiBHUX% yqpea^emjtrfc, 
BBOAHMafl TaRHM!b o6pasoui> K0if6HHai](ifl HayKi HecoMHiHHO opHTHHauaa 
H uozBOJiíieTb osH^aTB spyiimix'B pesyjiBTaTOBib. HamH DpiwqecBie <|a- 
KyATeru npHroroBJJiDn npeimyiii^ecTBeHHo cyAeÓHurb AŽflreieft, a se 
a^gnHHHCTpaTopoBi, ne paÓoTHHROirb Ha pasHuxi noupni^axB oón^eerseH- 
Hoi arasHH; BiaABHra& aa nepBufi luans CHa^aja pHHCRoe npaBO, 8»- 
TiiTb rpas^aHCKoe h yro^oBHoe, ci cooTBiTCTByDíi^Hii upoi^eccaiui, ohh 
BnaMDT^ b:b Hisoropyi) oi^flocTopoHHocTb h cJHioBoirb MaJio yjtoBJíerBO- 
pflDTb sanpocani eoBaro BpeiieHH. BosBEsaiDiiuĚ orciojia npodftn no- 
serb BocnojHHTB, ^o h3B'6cthož cTeneHH, dBOHOMH^ecBoe OTA&ieme no- 
jHTexHHHecKaro HHCTHTyTa. B^b ocHOBaHÍH ero nporpaifiui jeacRn no- 
jiHTHHecsafl dROHOMifl, vb yHHBepcHTeiax^b 9rpaDiqa& Aaaeso ee BUAai>- 
n^iDCA pojiB u HByHaeifafl TO^ibKo na nepBOirb Kypcb; vb HscTHxyrt OHa 
pacqj6HAeTCfl na xpH npe^Mera h Aono.iHiieTCfl oómáwh seiueBixbBieiĚS^ 
aBOHOMHqecEOK) reorpa4>ieň h TOBapoBÍAtHÍeM!b. TaKb ebkl npexneroRb 
npenoAaBaHÍH bi OTA'i^eHÍH ohohl mhofo, to HisoTopue H9b hhx'b 67- 
AyrB, fiipoflTHo, saxaraTbCA jiHmb b7» oómHx^ qepraxrb (aanp. rpaauiitH- 
CRoe H yrojroBHoe npaso, rpas^ancEiň h yrojroBHuň npouecci); ÓoJibme 
npocTopa, HaoÓopoTB, Cy^erb oTBe^eno npeAMerairb, conpHKacaDnpofCfl 
erb nojHTHqecKoft aKonoMiefl — ctethctheí, HayKi o ()>HHaHcax'b, Topro- 
BOMy npaBy. BecbMa Baseo, HaR0Hei;'b, oseaROiiseHie cjymaTeJieft aso- 
HOMH^ecRaro OTA^Jiema ct» oahoS CTopoHU — ci HcropieS, cb Apyrofi — c* 

4)H3HR0Ě, XHMÍefi, Teopiofi BipOflTHOCTeft. MOHbme, ^^bWb 60JbmHHCT6O 

OROHqHBDíHx^b Rypcb Vb BucHiHxi^ iHROJiax^b, OHH óyAyTi cxpa^aTB on 
c^e^iaJIH3a^iH, cbysuBaion^eň Rpyrosopb u orpaHHqHBai)ii].eft cij^py hhto- 
pecoBi. 9to HO HCRjnDqaerb, oahbro, bosmoshocth, aie oTxbxbmah 
cjiymaTejeň, cocpeAoroqHTbCfl rjasHuirb oópasoirb na Toft rpynni npetx- 
MOTOBi, ROTopaH Hxi^ oco6eHHO npHBj[6Ra6rb. TaROMy cocpeAOTOHemi) 
ĎyAyTb 6jiaronpijiTCTBOBaTb cneuiajibHue RypcH, npeAycMaTpHBaeinie npo- 
rpaHMoň dROHOMHqecRaro OTA^enifl. Bo^ibmoň rapanTÍefi ycntmHoft ^ba- 
TOJibHOCTH OTA^JienÍH cjiy»HTb HMJi ero A^Rana, A. G. nocHHROBa, ómb- 
maro npocl^eccopoiťb noJHTHqecBoň srohomíh wb SlpocJSB,fiA h OAeed^ 
AapoBHTaro yqenaro h nyÓJui^CTa, Ójihsro anaROMaro cb HapoAHOD 
jKHSHbH), MHoro JTÍTb paĎOTaBOiaro B'b CHOJieHCROicb somctbí, coeroHB- 
maro yidAHinrb npeABOAHTOjeifb ABopaecTBa h coeAHnaion^aro Kb CBoeirb 
Jívini TeopeTHqecRÍA snaHia h npaRTHqecRyD onuTHOcTb. 

EpoM']^ c-nerepÓyprcRaro no^HTOXHHqecRaro HHCTHTyra, vb nocjÍAHÍo 
roAU OTRpuTu y naeb en^e xpu Bucmia TexHHqecRía hiroju: toxhojio- 
rnqecRifi HHCTHTyirb vb ToMCRt h nojiHTexHHqecRie HncTHryru vb Eíobí 
H BapmaB^. KaR% hh BasHo, RaRi» hh neoéxoAHMO pa3BHTÍe TOXHHqe- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



H31 OBn^BCTBEHHOĚ XPOflHKH. 846 

CRaro o6pa30BaHU, oho ne xoisho, sohowo, hath wb yn^eptii oópaso- 
behíd o<k^eMy; ae xojgbho 6iiIti> noBO^a fM doctehobeh aoapoca: „teh- 
BepcHTen iljb noJiHTexHHxyirB^? Mes^y TtirB, aTorb aonpoci cTasHrcjar, 
H eTaBHTCA He Óearb ocHOBaHÚ. Bi osarjiasjíeHHoň HMeHHO TaBHifb o6pa- 
3011% eTETB^ sacjyseHHaro npof^eccopa PoHaHOBHHa-CjiiďaTHHCRaro 
(^PyccBia M^OMOCTH^, }t 232) ysadi>iBaeTCA Ha to, wro bi dana^Hofi 
Espon^ BHHMaHie Kh uoxwTejLmnec&EWh mROiairB luen pysa o6i pyBy 
ch uone^eHíeirb o(h, yHHBepcHrerarB. Sanaj^HO-esponefieKla npaBHrejB- 
CTBa sAaJieKH otb mhcjih, qro wb Hacrojiii^ee apeiifl ^oJUKee^b npeofi^a- 
^SLTh nojHTexHHByirB, saTviBaioiait co6od npocB^THTeiBHyK) po^B yHH« 
BepCHTera. Ohh noHnaDTb, hto vb Hasrb vbKh HanJíUBa yiiiJ![HTapHUX'b 
H naTejMaJiHCTHHecKHii HAeft yHHBQpcHrerb asjaercH eiue 6ojr&e Hys- 
Huirb, qtiPB Bi npeJEfflee speMa: ke neiTB— npoTecTB npoTHBi rocnoA- 

CTBa dTHll BXeft. yHHBepCHTerb, 9T0 — CHHTd3% coBpeiieHHOň HayRH, 

9T0 — yótscHii^e BÍBOBtqHiiix!B idpoBUxi H^efi, aro — Rptnocrb, qoi> sa- 
lE^HToi soTopoi yKpuBax>TCfl yit&iÍBicie oÓJoiíKH iipejBHiix'B HAeajracTH- 
^ecicHxa^ B083pi&id. nojHrexHHsyirb, sto — peMOCio, aro — Hacyn^HUĚ 
xjíMtb TeRyo^iro aha. Opásla, xj&6^ 3totb HeoÓxoAHVB, ho o e^H- 

HOITB JTH XAÍ6Í SUITB Óy^OTB qeJIOB&Bl*'? HcXO^^ff H31» STHXl^ HOJIO- 

seHiS, r. PoHaHOBH^^CjaBaTHHCKifl npoBO^jHirb napauejiB nesjí^y poc- 
KoniBK), CB BOTopoK) y HacB oficraaiADTCA^ nojfHTexHH^ecBie HHCTHryTU, 

H (%AHOCTBI> (k>JBniHHCTBa HaiHHXl yHHBepCHTeTOBl». ,» yHHBepCHTeTCKÍA 

s^aHÍA^ — roBopHTB npo4)eccopi> — „coopyauuHCB AaBHO, npHcuocofijuiflCB bi 
opesHHirB Tpe(!oBaHlff]rB nayKH, k% npeacHeify orpaHHHenHOMy n^cjcj 
cryj^eHTOBi. Ho ycjOBm nayKH hbmíhhjihcb, npesHÍa cothh cjyniaTejieň 
npesparajTHCB 8% thchhh, a a^aBÍA KasaHCRaro hjih xapBsoBCRaro yHH- 
BepcHTera coxpaflaK)Ti> cboS j^aBHÍA bha'b, RaRoS ohh mrkjni ffb Haqajt 
npoHijaro B^Ra. B^b mocrobcrom^b yHHBepcHTeTŽ xpy^HO naíTH ay^HTo- 
pii), vh ROTopoň Morjio 6u noMicTHTBca Tenepenmee ^hcjo cjymaTe- 
jiefi. noMimenie yHHBepcHrera cb. BjatUHMÍpa b-b Kíobí — oaho uarb Jíyq- 
HiHxi*, HO H OHO H6 y^OBjeTBopneTi* noTpe6HOCTflifB BpeMeHi: qncjo 
ayAHTopiit He cooTBixcTByerB qHCJiy cTyAenroBTb, a rjaBHoe — vh hoitb 
h^Itb noMŠni;eHm ;i;jih ÓHÓJiioTeRH, oahoě H3% JiyqniHxi yHHBepcHTeTCRHX'B 
6H<$jioTeR'B. HejiB3H ne Óoaubcn 3a ez coxpaHHocxB; ji^a nea Heo<{xo- 
;i;hmo oTAtJiBHoe oraeynopHoe a^anie. HpaBJíeHie ne paai xoAaTaftcTBO- 
Bajo o6i dToiTB, HO xo^aiaficTBa axH, aa ne^ocraTRoirB cpeACTB'B, oexa- 
BaJiHCB 663ycni^niHinfH, — a Mes^y t^itb, yMOHBmHB^B pacxoAu na Ji^nnua 
pa6oTU H napReni nojrHTexHHRyMOBi, moxho 6ujio 6u CBaROHOMHBHpo- 
BaTB cyMMy, AOCTaxo^Hyi) ji;[si coopyaema a^aHia OHĎJiioTeRH yHHBepcH- 
Texa CB. Bjia^HMÍpa, b'b ROxopoM^ mofjih 6u jryqme coxpaHHXBca aa 
RHHacEua Aparoi^'bHHOcxH. He ójrecxan^e noioseníe h ApyrHX'B yHHBep- 

ToMi Y.— OKTMPb, 1902. 54/37 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



846 BMTHHKl BBPOUU. 

CHTercKHxi yqpeauiteHÍi. Bi HaňcROirB 38L(Afi,Bam cobíte yHHBepcHrera 
CB. Bjiaj^HMÍpa MU cjumaxH otb OAHoro ujb AHpeBTopoBi xEMH^ecsoi 
ja6opaTopÍH, ^to wb esí crbHaxi oÓpasoBajuieb Tpeiii,iiHU, vb jcoroptui 
BpuBaercfl ckbo3hab'b, a noJiu ee Jiyqnie EÍeBCKHXi TporyapoBi, no bo- 
TopuiTL TpyAHO xoji,HTB, He cnoTUKaacb". BstniHevy BHji.y yHEBepcvre- 
TOBi cooTBtTCTByeTb najíCHÍe ypoBHfl npo4>eccopcKapa cocjobúi. ^Txb xe- 
nept" — BoauanifiLeTb r. PoMaHOBHTfc-CjaBaTHHCKiĚ — „Ta CHcreiiaTH^ecB&a 
3a6oTa o nocujiRi TaiaHTjiHBoS ifOJO^eaicH sa rpanimy ji^ noAroroBSH 
KB iipo<j)eccyp4, KOTopo© xaK^ orjHHajiHCfc mhhhctph ynapoBi^ h Fojob- 
HHBTB? Bb HacToxiii.ee BpeicH (f^aAyjBTerairB Hep&ARO npnoAHTCJi bocth 
npoAOjisHTejbHyH) nepeimcBy, nacToiqHBo xoAaTaiCTBya o nocuis^ sa 
rpaHHi^y o;^oro hjih AByxi Taj[aHTJiHBUX'B BaHAHAaTOFB jím boxtotobsk 
Ki saMtmeHii) saeeAp^. Očbhhatb MHHHcrepcTBo vb neÓpesHovB otho- 
meHÍH El TaROMy sasHOMy a^^ HejTBSfl: b'b ero T0D];eirB óv^fímerb na 
3T0 nojaraDTca BecbMa orpaHHqeHHHa cpe^cTBa, IIpeABapflTejuHHĚ cth- 
neiiAÍaTCBÍň cTaacB ee mosotb cjysHTB BoppeErasoirBrqHCJLO CTHoeHjQŘ 
He cooTB^TCTByeTB ^LHCJiy 3acjiyacHBaH)uiHx% hxi, bcjiíactbío Toro se 
He^ocTaTKa cpe^CTBi, Meawy tímtb KaeeApH nycT6i)Ti»: crapae npo^^ec- 
copa yxo^aTB, a mojioahx-b híti"... „Mu xoporao noHmiaeirB*— TasoBi 
saKjno^HTejiBHuS bubo^i aBTopa — „Heo6xoAHiiocTBAJ[A Poccíh TexHH^e- 
CEaro o6pa30BaHúi, ho ho HoaseiťB ho cbop6'6tb, hto saiSuBaiDTCA HHre- 
pecu HamHxi yHHBepCHTeTOffB, hesboahmuxi Ha BropoĚ njiaHi. B^e- 
CTamee npomjioe 9thx'b yHHBepcHTeTOBi, sacjyrn hxi npeA'B pycCKOD 
seiLieĚ AawTB hitb npaBO na yBaaenie h BHHMame. Sroro TpeCyerB ao- 
CTOHHCTBO Hamero Moryiaro rocy^apcTBa, 9to cooTBiTCTByen hcthh- 
HHiTB HHTepecaiTB BeJHKaro pyccKaro Hapo;i;a**. Hysno Haj^TBca, wo 
HCKpeHHia, oyÓOKO-npoHyBCTBOBaHHua cioBa ao^^TOBHaro npo4>eccopa He 
HpofiAyTi 6e3CjrhAH0. 



CTaTBH r. PoMaHOBHqa-CjaBaTHHCRaro noABH^acB vb ne^aTH 3a wb- 
CKOJTBKO jíHeĚ ^0 ^ecTBOBaHífl C. K). Betto, no noBOAy jtecaTHJrtTHaro 
ero yopasjeniA MHHHCTepcTBOirB 4)HHaHC0Bi. EacaflCB oj^Horo ^acTHaro 
Bonpoca, ona fipocaerB OTpaaennBiž cbítb h na Apyria cToponu ^íiaTejB- 

HOCTH MHHHCTepCTBa. IIO^O^HO TOMy, SaiTB niHpOBO paSBHBaXHCB BUCBdil 

yneÓHUA saBe^enix oahofo B^AoncTBa, a vh ApyrHX'B Bucmnxi micoxazib 
rocnoACTBOBajTB 3acToS, BUSBaHHuS OT^acTH o He^ocTaTBOiTB MaTepajo- 



') Mh roBopHJTb: ormacmu^ uotohj ^to 6euh h xpyria npHHHHH sacron, ee sa- 
■■cíbdiúi OTb MHHHCTepCTBa 4>HHatícoB'b. EjAjoiee nosazerB, ci AOCTaTO^HOD jh 9Hep- 
rieD KHHHCTepcTBO HapoAHaro npocB-lbiiieuiii HacTansajio, xo 1901-ro roxa, na yBenTC- 
híh 6i>AzeTa BHcnnixi h hhsqihxi nucojii. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



BSTb OBUPSCTBEHHOE XPOHHKH. 847 

iiiix'b cpeACTBi,— OAHE orpacjB apoMunueHHOCTH ycHJiHBajacB h Eptojia 

S& yiBfi^ířb APyrHlTB. yeeiH^lHBaJIHCB CB HeHHOBtpHOD 6uCTpOTOH) 6lDJ(- 

serHne HTorH — ho csopie naxajo, TfaťB BoaBumajiocB napoAHoe 6oraT- 
HTno H no npesHeMy ocTaeajiocB TAsejnjirB noAaTHoe Ópeiuat. noBuma- 
JHCB HJTH cosAaBajHCB BHOBB npflMue HajorH, — HO Bi ropasAO óbÁhmeŘ 
lAýb pacjH HaJiorH socBeHHiie, na^aDn^ie npemryn^ecTBeHHO na Maccy 
ittpo;i;a. Pa3MH0»ajiacB h^pma ^hhobhhbobi, BcxbAcxBie pacmHpeHia 
e4»epu Ba3eHHaro xosnficTBa — ho crBysHBajíHCB npe^iJiu seMCRoi flíkE" 

TQJBHOCTH H paSlfitpU SeMCBHXl Cpej[;CTB%, B03B0AHJI0CB Bl CHCTOMy He- 

jioirbpie k^ seMCTBy *)• Bo Bcixi axicxi C(|)epaxx jnmoBaa CTopona mo- 
MfiJOí — KOTopyD MH, koho^ho, hb OTpHi^aeiTB, — He AOJnBHa sacjioHaTB 
€o6oD oÓopoTHyiD. Heo6xoAHtfo homhhtb, hto BTb mecTB jrbrb yopaB^e- 
WM H. X. Bynre jmi 6jarococTOAHÍfl (5tAHMnrHX'B ju[accoBi» HacejieHÍa 
^luo c^d^aHO 6ojiBine, i^vb wb uowkjsflisi a^catb jítb. Ki nepBofi 
nojioBHHik BocL]íHAecflTiix'B FOj^OBi, TaBi» ýhjíjío HaxoAHBmeň Tor^a h na- 
xojk^mfiii TenepB capaBe^^MByK) oi^teRy, othochtca y^esj^eme EpecTB- 
jiHCEaro 6aHKa, othochtca na^ajro 4^a6pHMHaro 3aKOHo;(aTejrbCTBa; ona 
se saBin^ajia js,o chx'b noprb Heocya^ecTBHBmyiocA mucjib o noAOxo^HoiťB 
Hajiort. Ob Apyroft CTopoHu, ne o6pHcoBajHCB eníe peayjBiaTH híkoto- 
piix^B HOAaBHHxi pe^^opiTB; H6JB3H 60^6 onpeA'i^HTB, ocjra6ijo JIH, 6jia- 
rojiapa nKrežBOí mohoho^, HapoAHoe nBancTBO, yMOHBniHjacB jih Tafi- 
Hax npoxasia BHHa, H^ynnaa btb pa3pi3x cb npe^HOjaraeMuirB MopajiH- 
.syDni^HirB A^ftcTsieirB Ra8eHH£ix'B bhhhuxo^ jiaBORx. Oapeii.tjHTB 3Ha^e- 
me Bcero npeAnpHHATaro h Hcno^Hennaro C. H). BHire— ;^'feJro óy^j- 
j^^ux), e^Ba JH oco6eHHo 6jH3Karo; TenepB se B03Ho»eH7» tojbbo oakhi^ 
nepe^eHB ({>aRTOB^, KOTopuMi, vb ÓOJiBniHHCTBt cjryqaeBi, h orpann- 
vuacB HOBpeMeHHafl neqaxB... BaponeM^B, „FpasA&HHHB'' (J£ 68), nepe- 
^MCJBa sacjyrH C. H). BHrre h npHnHCjbiBaa hitb MHoro^iHCJienHocTB ero 
BparoB'B, cpaBHHBaeiTB dýS^ume, KOTopoe npe^cTaB^aja npíeMHan mhhh- 
crpa <{>HnaHCOBi npn H. X. Bynre, cx spijHui.eMi, npejíCTaBJíaeMUM-B 
-ei) vb nocjiÍAHÍe tojíh. „Bo J^HH ohbí, óueajio", — roBopHTB kh. Memep- 
<atiĚ, — „saĚAyTTb ^na qHnoBHHKa ysnaiB, kek-b s^oponbe HaKOJiaH XpH- 
crianoBHqa, 3a6iryTi ;iBa aH;^0HKa nonroxaTB, ne namejica jih KaKož- 
fiHÓyAB peccypcB ^), n jraj^no; a b-b axn agcatb jiítb mo»ho fiesi npe- 



*) Mh He aaórnaem ocBOÓosMeHÚ seiíCTBa on híkotophxi o^AaaiejrbHBxi pac- 
xoAOBi, HO xyxaeni, hto oho oepeBtoHBaeTca (|>HRcaiiieĚ seMCRaro oójosenifl, 6e3'b 
■pexocTaBieHiii seiícTBy hobhxi hcto^hhrobi Aoxoxa. 

*) Ecib6h Hamefi i^ii&D ÓHJia oi^HEa csasaHEaro „rpasxaHHHOMi^, mh aoi«hu 
<6hih 6u jKasaTk na HenosBOJUieiLHocTb noxoóeuxi ciobi bi ot3Eibí o ooRofiHoirb 
IteyiipeiHoirB x^BrejA—no fi^n naci renepb HHTepecHH tojibso (|>aRTH, cooón^aeMEie^ 
mm. MemepciuurB. 

54* 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



848 WCTHHKB SBPOIDI. 

jBejiHHeBia C£a3aTi>, hto bi npieMHofi G. K). Barre nepeÓHBua Bca 
XHoroxujunoHH&a PoccLi, c^b es noMiii^HKaifH, cb ea Kyni^aMH, ch e& 
4>a6pHKaHTa]fH, cb ea a(t)epHCTaMH, cb ea npoesTepaifu, cl ea sHj^aiiH, 
CB ea c^acTjíHBUHH H HecHacTJCHBUMH; KasAOMy HysesB 6ujb C. K). 
Bnire, BaasAuft ysipobajíi vb aero H4h cjHmsoirB mhofo, hjh cjtamKoirB 
ceĎajD^aBO**. . Ecjih ara napaj^ejB cooTBÍTCTfiyerE AMcTBHTejn»HocTH, 
TO HejBsa ae caasaTB^ tto h3i» Asyxi spaftHOCTeĚ npeAnoTTHreibea 
nepsaa. Boace aesejiaTejiBBO» ?to6u bi nacct a^obuxi jro^ei — bjh 
jiDAei, c^^araDopix^ ceóa a^obhmh, — npeoÓJiaAaJiH ynoBanoýe aa mh- 
aacTepcTBo íj^ubbmcobt,, osHAaDmie otb aero BejraBBxi a ÓoraTux^b 
HBJíocTei. Rb pyccKOirb ofiaiecTBi yae 6ea^ Toro ^ocTaTo^ao pasBaxa 
apaBuqsa cjamaoicB ifaoro pasc^aiUBaTB aa aasay h cjiamaoirB na^o — 
aa coócTBeaayH) ^'baTasBaocTB. 



C^ 4-ro no 7-oe ceaTa6pa saciAajrB bi HeTcpóypri AOBaTUfi kob- 
rpeccB MesAyaapoAaaro coDsa KpaiiaaajiacTOBi, b^b cocTaai Eoroparo 
yse atcKOJiBKO jítb bxoabtb pyccRaa rpynaa (aoA'B npejsjíAflfiiTexb' 
CTBOHi H. Si. ^ofiaaiucaro). OTapuTiJň pt^Bio MaBBCTpa E)CTaI^a, H. B. 
MypaBBCBa (aaópaaaaro, vb nocjiÍAHiň a^bb ceccia Roarpecca, aoqer- 
BUM^ npesaAeaTOM^B coiosa), Koarpecci pa3cifOTp'ki'B Bonpocu o saaqe- 
aia ncHxaqecKBxx aiOMeaTOBib apecTynjfeaia (cpaBa^xejBao cb ero na- 
TepiajBBiaía nocj'bACTBÍaMa), o naipoBait, o pe<j[)opM% npeABaparejiB- 
aaro cji^actbíh b npeAaaia cy^y, o ToproBJít aLean^aflaiia, o6:b ycJOB- 
BOM^B ocysAeaia, o cyMMapaoifB npoHSBOACTBÍ. DpeAOCTaBjaa ce6t bo3- 
BpaTaTBca, npa cjyqai, itb npeaiairB a nocTaaoBJíeaiaiTB Boarpecca, mu 
apaBO^ea^ xenepB tojbko oabo asi apaaaTUX'B am nojioseaiň, Kaxb 
AoaasaTejBCTBo aasBocTa ero TpyAOBl. OÓcy^aai aepBuň wyb nepeqac- 
jieaBux'B Bume BoapocoB^B, Koarpecc^B, orpoMauBTB fiojBmaacTBoiTB, npa- 
3aaji'B, qxo MsasAufi aoAJiesarB aaBaaaaiD sa aocj:&ACTBÍa CBoero xka- 
aia TOJBRO Vb ifi^pt TbxT> nocJi^ACTBifl, BOTopua oaB ape^aBA^^Ji bjh 
MorB npeABaA*Tb". 9to — oabo asi BHpaaeaiň roro aayraaro aaapasje- 
aia, ROTopoe npo(})eccopi Baai-raMHejiB aasB&si cTpelueaielfi Kb yneaB- 
meaiH) HaTepiaJa3a^ia yrojiOBaaro npaaa. Basauai apasaaexca, ci droft 
TOHRB spiflia, ae ctojlro peajrbauň pesyjiBTarB apecTynaaro j^cTBia, 
CROJiBRO aacTpoeBÍe Jiaua, ero coBepmaBmaro. OicD^a Beo6xoAaHocTb 
asyqeaia aaABBBAyaJiBauxi cboActbi npecTynaaKa. IIo BupaseaiD npo4>. 
Fappo, „BBBMaBÍe cy^a AOJí»ao 6htb o(5pani.eBo rjaBaum oÓpaaoirB aa 
BOJíK) a .laqaocTB, aacROJBRo owh npoaBjrajacB bo aai^maaxi (})aETax'B^. 
HejiB3a cRasaTB, moóu TaRofi BsrjiaAi acer^a Rjioaajica ki yneaBme- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



HSl OBQ^ECTBEHHOfi XPOHHBH. 849^ 

HJD oTBtTCTBeHHocTH; Haofio^poTB, offB BjeqeTB 3a cotforo npHSHame ne- 
BaxoHqeHHOCTH npecTýffjemá tojibso BosMoXHSiirB, á ne HeoÓxoj^HHmrB 
noBOi^oirB Kb cMar«ieHÍK) HaRSsaBiit. Ob oco6eHHOK) xpsocTBio, 3aT0, 
oÓHapyxHBaeréfl hitb Heff];)aBO]rlpáocTB cyÉtMapaoft pacapaBU, npe^npH- 
HHMaeMofi 6e3i TóMaťo ycTaflOBjrenia bhhh, 6e3x BcecTopoHraro, cno- 
Eoftearo H3Cjri^0BaHÍi[ naÉipemft RasAaro OTA'i^jiBBaro jHo^a; 6ojr&e ^wb 

KOr,\a-J[H6o CTaHOBHTOI HeMUCJraOfOft 0TF6TCTBeHH0CTB 3a nymS ;^ftCTBÍA, 

j^ase npH Hain^HocTH To^eiTB conpHBOCHOBemA HesAy hemh h jc&ě- 
CTBiaMH otfBHHaeHaro. RaitB hh sejiHBo, oco(^eHHo y Haci vb Poccíh, 
pascToaHÍe nemiy Teopieft h npaKTHBoS, RóJiJieRTHBHoe MH^RÍe jriD^efl 

HayKH, KOMneTeHTHOCTB KOTOpUXl CTOHTB BH* BCJIKarO CnOpa, He MO- 

merb, bx bohi^í BOHi^OBrB, «ocTaTBCfl fiesi bjúahííi Ha Te?eHÍe shshh, Ha 
jLOXh coChtíS. íto(5h yfitAHTBca b^ bťoitb, cTonrB tojbko npo^ecTB 
OOTO mí^cto H8^ BcrynHTaiBHofi ýbn MáHHCTpa K)CTitiqB. „He o6jie?eH- 
HHft HHsaKOE) 0({)4>HiiiajrBH0i) caHRi^éD* — CBaaajTB H. É. MypaBBesi, — 
„coBsi (RpHiíHHajiHCTOBi) npio6p^TaerB Bce 6ojiBniee h 66jrBniee npaB- 
CTBeHHoe 3Ha^eflie, cb rotophitb yae c^HTaerca nayRa, acRopofiyAyTB 
CHHTaTBCfl H saROHO^aTejBCTBa. PesyjiBTaTU BaniHx^B Ta^aTa2[BHUx'B H3- 
cjrí^AOBami ne HiftorB HHRaRoĚ o6fl3aTejiBHofi chjth, ho nysno jmuni 
HanoMHHaTB Baux, ^to h npH oTcyTCTBÍH (})opHaxBHBirB BejlHit aucto- 
ritas rationis vb cbo6oahoé o6jiacTH n^eft ÓMBaeTB EHor^a 6ojrke chjib- 
HOĚ H 6ojrhe ycxoĚqHBOĚ, ^wh ratio auctoritatis 3aR0Ha*'? He Heni^e 
aasHoe SHaqeme HMiroTi*, b^ HamHxi rjia3ax'B, h cj%AyK)núa cjoBa r. mh- 
HHCTpa: „Rars h no;i;o6aeTO ynenoMy ofimecxBy, wh cjoBecHHx-B ;íe6a- 
Taxi H ne?aTHUX'B paóoraxi corosa i^apHTB nojHaa CBoCo^a, h 3Ta cbo- 
6oA^, pasyMHaji h njro;^OTBopHaa, HHMajro ne onacna, h6o, abjtahcb CTporo- 
Hay>moft h, cjf^AOBaTejiBHo, yir&peHHoft h c^epacaHHoS, ona hhcxoahitb 

Cfh MHpHUX^B BUCOTB OTBJíeqeHHarO MUnUieHia JHinB Vb KHpHOlfB CTpe- 

ifjieHiH sb o6m;eMy 6jiary". TaRoň BsrjiAA^ na ynenujoi o6mecTBa h Ha 
Hx^B CBO(5o;íy Aaera npaBo Ha^^JarBca, ^to fb Ójutorojtb 6yj^y^^elrB co- 
CTOHTCA, HaRonei^nb, BTopoĚ cbisjí:b pyccRHxx K)pHCTOBi» (nepBufi npoHC- 
xoj^H^i deadwnth-ceMh Jrbvb Toiry nasaji), o cosubí ROToparo ;i;aBHO 
yme xo^íaTaScTByerB c.-neTep6yprcRoe ©pH^HqecRoe o6níecTBO, no cBoeMy 
cocTaBy H xapaRTepy cbohxi sanani Maio hími oTjH^aDmeecH otb 
coiDsa RpHMHHajTHCTOB^B. PyccRHWB K)pHCTa]rB, ota^^jIbho BBaTUiffB, e^Ba 
JIH 6yAeTB OTRasano wb toh^b iipaB'6, ROTopoe 6ujio a^ho natb bhí^ctí 
cfb DpHCTaMH sanaAHoĚ EBpons... IIpHBeAeirB, kb saRiro^enie, eiii;e oj^ny 
i^HTaTy H3i ptHH H. B. MypaBBeBa, 0TH0caiii;yiDCH kb npomeAmeMy, ho 
^pocaroníyi) cbítb h na ae^annoe 6y;tym;ee: „b-b anoxy CTaparo npaBa 
pasCMarpHBajiH npecxynHHRa RairB HenpHMHpHMaro Bpara, Roxoparo 

BySHO nOROpHTB, CMHpHTB CTpaXOlTB HJH paS^aBHTB, yHHqXOSHTB BO 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



850 BftCTHHBl BBPOIDI. 

^TÓ 6ii TO HH CTajio, HTo6u OFO caMOFO HaRasaTL, a eMy noAo6Hiix&- 
ycTpaniHTL, apH ^em» ocTaBJíaiHCB vb CTOpoHi juaúň-XRÓo hhiia safioiu 
óojiie cjiosnaro h BOSBunieHHaro nop^ABA- Ob Te^enieirB BpeMeHH bo9- 
HHKaeTi BejHKoe ryiiaHHTapHoe ^EHmenie, Koropoe ciifflreaerB ary Ata- 

Te^BHOCTB, npOHHBETfTyi) ^yBCTBOlTB MeCTH, H ptniHTeJILHO BBOjliHrE npHH- 

i^ni> cnpaBeAJiHBocTH vh cypoByD o6jacTi» ny^juranaro npecjrbji.0BaHÍ& 
npecTynjfemŘ". 

Bi> TO caMoe BpeMfl, Korina KOHrpeces spEMEHajiHcroBi vb Ilerep- 
6ypr%, npH yqacTÍH h 0A06peHÍH BucmHx^ npeACTaBHTejrefi aAUHHHCTpaipK. 
H cyAa, ycTaHOBJUieTb pyBOBOAAm;ia Ha^iajia a-m AAJBHiňinaro gryxaBH- 
Tapnaro ABHseHÍa" vh ofi^acTH yroJnoBHaro npaBa, h31» rjyÓHHu Pocds 
cjumaTCA — jíTb c^acTíi), e^HHHHHue — rojoca^ npHSUBanHáe Hasa^^, s^ 
„dnox'6 cTaparo npaBa**. B% HepncKOirb yi^xHom ROHHreT^ npe^JiaraDTCft 
H npHHHifaiDTCJi cji:l^yK)iaia nojosemfl (4K)pMyiHpoBaHHUA coTpyAHHRonb^ 
„MocROBCSHxi BiAOMocTei*', r. BoAHCKO, H, soHeuo, boojhí OAo6pfleifi» 
9T0I) raaeTon): 1) Heo6xo;^ixo fiesyKOCHHTejuBHoe npHcysAeme vi> iia- 
sasamiTB h BducRaHÚnrE sa BCiiKie npocTyiiKH npoTHBi co6cTBeHHocTH^ 
saR:b 6u TaKOBue hh 6ujih irajrosHa^HTejBHEi, daOw KapaACH ne cmoAmo- 
(fíaKim, cKOAhKO napymeHUbiú npumum O, h Konenno HesaBHGino on 
npH?HH'Bf soHMH opocTynoBo^ BUSBaHi^. 2) Tasib BaKB B% MejBHxi npo- 
CTyiiBax'B npoTHFb co6cTBeHHOCTH 6iiBaK)Ti ^acTO norptniHU Majox&Tme^ 
HeoÓxo^HMo npHBjesaTB vh 0TB'&TCTBeHH0CTH poAHTejeĚ 3a TO, wo He 
BocoaTUBaDTB B^ j^Tflxi yBaseHÍo Bi qyasoĚ co6cTBeHHOCTH. 3) VLfm 
npocTynKaxo^ npoTHBib co6cTBeHHOcTH sojJieKTHBHHxi, npH noTpaBaxs- 
oÓiiLecTBeHHUHH CTa^aMH H TaÓyflaMH, nopytfsaxi h t. n. ^ojusna 6inv 
BBe^eHa sojjieKTHBHafl 0TBÍTCTBeHH0CTi>, rpasAftHCKaa h yioAoenaH. Tlep- 
Boe noJOseHie haotii npAMo vb pasp&ib ci XHŽHieifb BOHrpecca Kps- 

MUHaJIHCTOBli, npÍypOqHBaK)IIi;HlfB OTB^TCTBeHHOCTb Cl OAHOfi CTOpOHU Kb- 

MaTepíajibHuiTB nocjitACTBiairb A'&aHk, T.-e. jsh ^anmíXMb, ci APyi^A — 
Kb HacTpoeHÍK) iipecTynHHBa, TO-ecTb, neas^y npoHHiiii, Kh npuHunoMhr 
KOUMU nocmynoKb etaseanb, CjíifíK>inJM ABa dojosobíh flecoBMtcTHbi cfr< 
npHHi^HnoMi en^e óojťhe 6e3cnopHuicb, a^bho ne B036yaKAaK>mHirb co- 
KH^HÍfi HH Vb Haysb yroJiOBHaro npaBa, hh vb cy^eÓHOŘ iipaBTHBt Byjn- 
TypHHxi rocy^apcTBi — npHHííHnoiffb yrojioBHOĚ oTBiTCTBennocTH BasAaro^ 
TOJbBO sa AUHHO UM^ codfbHHHoe, a HO 3a ^ysyK) BHHy... Ob Topse- 
CTByiDuuorb sjíopaACTBOMi MocBOBCBaa raseTa ysasuBaorb Ha to, nny 
npoeBTb r. Boahcbo OAo6peHb BpecTbAHaMH, BOTopuxi b% qepHCBOW 



^) KaiBMT* oópaaoM^b nozen ÓHib napaeMh npuuuum — 8to laisa ^epnctaio- 
sasoHoxaTejifl. 



H31 OBO^EOTBEHflOft XPOHHSH. 851 

soHHrerb ctojbso se, ckoibbo 9eiueBJí9ixbj[bnfiVh. MHoríe jh jsanb hhtb, 
oAoaso, He npHHa^Jíexarb wb imcxj AOJOKHoeTHHzi jh^b, npAMo sasH- 
emnncB orb npexBOAnreiii j^opoBCTBa (r. CyxoTHHa) h seMCRHX!^ na- 
Hajn>HHS0Bi? MosHo m, BooóiiLe, roBopHTB o caMocTonrejBHocTH ^^epH- 
CKflTB BpecTi>aHi>, pasi Tro ohh nocTa&ieHU ixufyirb Kb imsy cb 6jih3kok> 
Kb VHm „CHJIbHOI) aiacTbD*'?... 



noejit rjytíoKO npscsopfiHiirb coóurifl, npoHCineAinHxi fb icaprt 
irbcHirb, rb ryÓepHÍHicb noiraBCSoA h xapbsoBCROfi, MHorie ry6epHa- 
Topu — EaiTb, Hanp., ^epHHroBCKÍi, xepcoHCsífi, BHOBb HasHa^eHEOift noi- 
TaBCKÍi, — npexnpHHJiJiH o&hiaji:h BBipeHHiirb lorb ry6epHÍfi, .ih^ho pasi- 
ACHHa KpecTbjraairb Tflsejoui nocori^ACTBÚi, osHAaDupu hxi bi (xiyqat 
BacHjíii EXE nocaraTejibCTBa ea ?ysyD co6cTBeHHOCTb, h ci oco6eHHOH) 
HacTotqHBocTbi) noBTopnA dTH pasiflCHeHÍfl Kb Tix'b eejemaxi, vxk npo- 

ABJUUHeb npHBHaRH BOJHeHÍA. TaROĚ OÓpaS^b A'i^ĚCTBÍĚ BnOIHŽ nOHATOHIb, 

ero i^ecootfpasHOCTb tiescnopea: CBoeBpeiieHHO AaHHuxH yBasamfliiH 
MoryTb 6wph upexjnpexjsfiBU cepbesHBUi (Sí^ctbíh. ?to RacaeTca Kapa- 
TejibBHTb ir&prb, to na npHHHTie Hrb, Kaicb esbícseo, ^aKOHOifb ynoji- 
HOVOHeH^b cyA:b, iipH Hajra^HOcra js^^mŘ, sanpen^eHHUrb yrojiosHuirb 
3aK0H0irb, Bi> iipe;^arb h 4>opMax'b, saRonoM^b ycTanoBjíeHHuxi, h c^ 
coéjDAomeifb oiip6;i:bieHHux'b npoi^aceyajBHHrb xpefioBamfi. OTcryiuem^ 
oTb oón^iro npaBiura Aonycsajmcb ao chxi noprb npH HpesBmattmix^b 
oóctoffpejbCTBarb, nocjri xpynnux^b, sojrjeBTHBHurb HapymemĚ nopa^sa; 
ho Tonepb, noBHAHMOMy, ohh pacnpocTpaHAKKrca A&Jbme. Bo Bcix'b 
ra8eTax'b nojEiBHjiocb coo(>iii.eHie o noi^j^ capaTOBCRaro ry6epHaTopa vb 
jism ($ajamoBCRÍň h nerpoBcsíĚ. Rb nepBoirb H3b BTHTb fbsjsfivb, vb 
c. TxbóOBKby HÍKOTopu6 specTbAHO DOBBOJDiJiH ce61i rpytfoo caMoynpaBCTBo 
no oTHomeHÍi) Kb HMyn^ecTBy coc^AHHx^b Bjiajc^i^eBi— cOHBajra aC^osH, 
yB08HJH CHomi, cbíjh npnroTOB^eHHuft sa Ryxn^ o6tjs,b, pasĎHJH osná 
Wb mBOJibHoirb 8AaHÍH. Pa3ejrb;(0BaBi& oócroaTeibCTBa jííbsh h BUHCHHBib 
rjaBHbncb bhhobhhkobi, ryCepnaTopb npHRasaJTb sa^epsaTb 15 nejio- 
vksb H noj^Beprnyrb hxi HaRasami) (sasoiry — dTO ho cicasaHo), ho sartirb 

BpOCTHJTb EJUb, Bb BHAy HTb. paCRaAHÍfl H RJATBOBHaFO 0&bm,SWa HCUpa- 

BHTbCii. B^ nerpoBCROiTb ji&^^ ^ypnuirb noBeAemeiťb OTJH^aiacb B'b 
oco6eHHocTH RpecTbaHCRaa Mo^oj^esb ABjjfb o^mecTBx, ypjeficnaro h 
YepHumeBcsaro. FyóepHaToprb, coópaFb cxoai», o(S'bACHHjrb RpecrbaHairb 
onacHOCTb h Bpej^ xonycRaeifoĚ hxh pacHyn^eHHOCTH Mojo^esH. Uo;^ 
BJijiHieirb aroro pasiJicHema RpecTbane Tyrb se Ha cxoa^, cb paspt- 
meHúi ry6epHaTopa, nocraHOBMjra HSBtcTHtnrb cpeAHHHX'b „rojioBopi^Bi^ 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



852 BAOTHHKl BBPOim. 

noABeprHjTB HasasaHin. Bb o6ohxi aiyqaax'K, sajPB bej^ho, ne 6Hjrb eo^ 
($jiDA6Hi oówaaA nopaAOK^, T.-e. o6jmEaeMue specTBAHO ne Óujír npH- 

BJie^eHU ITb 0TBÍ^TCTB6HH0CTH, HO npHHaj^eXHOCTH, DOpOXIB BOJOCTHUm 

cyAOMi, seMCKHiTb HanaiBEHKOiTB HJH OKpysKHUinb eyAOiTB. CyAe6H0i> 
BjacTbD He pacnojtaraeTB, no sasoHy, hh cejBCKifi, hh bojocthoě cxoxb; 
He bhaho TaKase, npexcroHJo jih vb HacToan^eirB cjqrHai TaBib-HasuBaeif oe 
nperícnlum in mora"... HanpasjíeHie yrojOBHUxi jííbjrh vb soiineTeHT- 
Hufi, no sasony, cy;^ Bcerjia h bqq^ cjiysHTb Jíy^^nunrb cpeACTBOin 
Vb TOMy, ^To6íi nanoMHHTB nacejeniD o neotfxoAHHocTH ÓesycjOBHaro 
^Basenia Kb saBOHy,-— a yBasenie Kb aasony asjaerca JiyqmiiirB cpex- 
CTBOMif Bíb BocuHranii) napoAa vb M,yTk aaocoHnocri. 



3a]i^HaTejn>H0 h aecuia cmniaTH^Ho noTrn efíKLOMjmaoHn^Hunesb' 
Hoe oTHomeme namefi nospeMennofi ne^aiH vb npoesTairb nocTpotsH 
wb oólMHL^b CTOJiEUfi^fb ropo^esMKi sex&HJU^i AoporB (MeTponOUTdHOBlb), 
cb KOToptaiH BucTynUH ne^asHo r. EajoíHCBiň h ero KcninaHBOHu. He 
noBTopair aoboaobi^, pasfinruz^b (yb AOCTaTOHHOD c&iod, mu xotbitb 
TOJBKO noj^^epsHyTB OAHy JK)6oniiTHyE) ^epry vb p&^H r. EajHHCKaro, 
npoHsneceHHofi vb o6wie(yrvk js^a cojííAcThisi pyccBot npomimjieHHocTH 
H ToproBji. Bospaauui E. H. KeApnny, cTaBHBmeMy eiiy b% Biray 
oCpan^eníe npavo Kb aAMHHncrpaitíH, noMHMo ropoACsoĚ AyMU, r. Ba- 
jHHCBÍft BupasHJica TaBfb: „ecTb 3u6jieiiue h Hesuójieifye npHHKHnu. 
npHHAHni ropoACBoro caaioynpaBJíeHÚi—npHHimni ne Heau^jiemift, Tan 
Kaffb vkjsj, TpyAHO cEasaTb, hto Jiy^me dxoro npiiHii^Hna sn^ero HeJBsa 
BHAyMaTb; npaBHrejibCTBO Moserb BHAOHSiiiHHTb ero... KpoMt Toro, adb 
y^es^eflia hmídti HaA'b co6oft aonipoib, xyMy se hhkto ne ROHTpo- 
JiHpyen". 8to nocjr&AHee coofipasenie — 6ojAe itirb cípannoe HMenno 
Tenepb, nocjA peansÍH H. A. SHHOBbeaa, Aa h BQ0(Hi(e uyin.^ bt^ pas- 
pisi (7b ropo^oBsiTb noJOsenieiTb, — npano bsato hs^b peasi^ioHHUxi 
raseiTb; noA'b hxi o^eBM^HBíMi adanieirb nanHcano h Bcé ocTajn»Hoe, vb 
flBHuft yn^epííib JíorwA. ILsi> Toro, ^to npaeumeA%cm60 noxavb bhao- 
HsiABHTb ropoj^cRoe caMoynpaBjenie, en^e ne cjii^yerb, hto ero Moserb 
HFHopHpoBaTb HacTHii& npeAnpHHHMaTejib. He r. SainncBOMy cyjiiHTB o 
ToiTB, Kb xaKoft CTeneHH „EeduÓJiewb*^ npHHmuTB caMoynpaBienia; noxa 
owb eyn^ecTByeTB, owb j^jiíí Bcika> oAHHasoBO otoaaTejieHi, saicB oCmt 
saTeiBHu H BUTesaniiMa hstb nero ycjOBÚi. Kor^a HacTynim KOHeob 
nepexo^naro nojosenia, xasib JcaBHO Taror^Du^aro HaAi> naninini ropox- 
CKHMH AynaMH Boo($n^e h naj^ nerepGypresofi xyvofi vb oeo6eHHOcn, 



Digitized by ViiOOQIC 



Effh QBmEOTBEHBOĚ XPOHHRH. 863 

TODia HeMuejHMH cTaHyrB pascysxeHia vh poxb Tbn, Boropiui no- 
SBOiiLrb CQ&b r. EaiHHCBÍtt. 



Bb Hanait ceHTa6pA n GencTonort pimeno BoeHHo-ORpy»Hi>ni% 
cy^oirb, no saxoHam Boaimaro BpeveHH, x&io o phaobuxl OteatLUovb 
H SeajaHoiTb, oÓBHHABinHxcfl m jÓířctbsí KamimHa EaÓemBO h ero 
seini. Ha cy^iib CTenaHOBi, cosHasajicb vb npeeryueHÍH, jtBefpmMJBiJFby 
HTO Vh Hem y^acTBOBan h SeiujiaoĚ, ao lumm orpn^aBinift cbod 
BSHy. 06a noAcyxnnie 6ím npiiBHaHH bhhobhumh h npHTOBopeúu Kh 
atefiTEok sasEH. Ilocjii otiunjreBúi npHroBOpa OreffaHOBTb daiiBHjrb, hto 
oroBopiirb SexjuiHoro jioaCHo: nocJiiiWA He toibro He 6ajFb ynaeTHH- 
soirb y6itcTBa, ho A&se ne anajTE o Hetr^; y61flcTB0 coBepmeHO Orena- 
noBhnrb vwbcii ch ^BOJi&HiflrB ^ejOBfacoirE" HBaHoirB, h noxHno(eHHUfl 
AeHBFH oHH cnpflTajH Ha jJíEQ/k ttoj:b pyHxyBoiTB. Bb yBadaHHOiTB Oře- 
HaBOBinrB wbcrb jtfimen ho Bamjocb; rlws HeMeH^e, saffBjíeHie ero o 
jiosHOirb oroeop^ SexjiHHoro ne oeraiooB, xaiTB coo5ii(aDT-B raseTii, 
6en ABH1L6HÍH, H Wh uicTBtíTh BoeHHUxs c^j^opax^ yCtfJieHHO rOBOpflTB 

o BeO<k0JQDf0CTH BpiOCTaHOBHTB HCQ0JIHeHÍe HpHTOBOpa H BOBo6hOBHTB 

CX&ACTBÍ6. ^onycrmrB, ^to saflaveme OrenanoBa noATBepxKrca a.ni osa^ 
xercH, DO MOH^meĚ vbpb, npaB^^onoxotfHimi — h npe^cTaBmrB ce($i no» 
joseHie o(SBHHHTejeĚ h cy^a, ecjmCu HeBUHOBHoerb SaMJUiHoro oénapy- 
SKJiacB yme nocjrb Hcnojraemx npHTOBopa. Cy^eÓHaa omMÓvoL bos* 
MOSHa b6b;^ h Bcérw — ho npH rtxi HaBasankrb, Koroptui sHaoTB 
Hanrb o6injA yrojroBHuft noffiKGh h jM^jn>me Kotopiix^B ohi> H^en tojibso 
vb HCBjn)qHTejBHun cjiy^am, bobmosho, xotb orqacTR, ea HonpaB- 
jieHÍe. BesycJOBHO HeBOSHarpa^Hiioi aBJíifeTCJi tojbro cm^^eím sasHL. 
Bmbcrb co bc^mh xpyrninr coo6paseHÍAMH, roBopamHMH npoTHBi npH- 
MtaeHÍH, cpexH rjiyÓoBaro MHpa, saKOHOBi, ycTrao^eHBur& jijia booh- 
Haro BpeMeHH, ne npiodp^Taen xb yHOiurayTUĚ Binn6 HHiw^eHrb la* 
pasrepL HaiioMHHaHÍH, BOTopoiry ne cjribxoBaio 6u oeraTBCH GedpesyjiB- 

TaTHUlTE? 



JSfl cMjLh sopL He 6ujio cjumBo, nTo6u o^AsaTeai^ua HocraBOBjeflia, 
HBjíafiaeifua ii^bcTBOD aj^MHHHcrpasiiei na ocHOBamH noJoseHÍa oOb ycH- 
jeHHoA oxpaH% hjh BOo6n\e vb BHAarB oxpaneHia chobořctbíh h bo- 
pBAsa, . HpHMibHH jHCi> VB BepíoAHqecBOĚ HeHaTO* MeaKAy r^m, wh mh- 
ByBHieiťB aBTycrb B^cancb peAiaKTop^HBAareiB BSA^naeMaro w> HpsyT- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



854 raCTHHSl BBPOBH. 

CKÍ& „BocTOHHaro OCosýbmsí^ Óujcl noABepreyrB, no paciopasemi) 
aAMUHHCTpaiiim, ^enemHOMy mTpa4»y vb cto pytfjieft, aa Hapymeme nymna 
1-ro ofiflsaTejLHaro nocTaHOBjeHÍA, HSj^aHHaro mícthiutí ry6epHaTopo]rB 
19-ro íDJLff. dTHirB nyHKToiTb Bocnpen^eHO pacnpocTpaHeHie BumnojeH- 
Huxi HJiH ocHOBaHHUxi Ha cxjxsxh HSBtcTÍĚ, Moryii^Hxi B036yAHTb TpeBory 
B% HaceJieBÍH. H3BÍcTÍe, Hasjesmee xapy Ha ^BocroqHoe 06o3pbHie', 
RaKbHairB coofin^aDirb hsi HpKyrcKa, Óuio HaffeqaraHO 28-ro aBryera, 
H cocTOAio wb cjiiAyDmeiťB: „ArpeHeai-CjiaBHHCBiĚ isameTh vh ^Capa- 
TOBCBon JImctsA*^ (nHCbMO AarHpoBaHo BjiaroK&nieHCBOirB, otb 24 íimui): 
HAeiTB sjíaH FOCTbfl (zoiepa) h3:b Xap6HHa, rx& no 800 3a5ojrÍKBaHifl h 
no 400 — 500 oMepreA eseAnesno. Bcb ^vfPb hsi XapÓHna, a ceroxu 
mhí npH^HBniit orry^a (BEu^epaaaBmulli, lOfletHO, sapaHTHSb) paaciaBu- 
BeuFby wso no pisb CynrapH, BniM^ftDnieft Bib Aicyp^ na Koropoft erovrb 
Xiq)(SHHib, ujHBjTb coTHH TpynoBSb y]iepniHx<& RHrafii^OB^. Botb sasie 
Tairs nopa^BH**! GoBepmenno o^obhaho, vro cbíaíhíh, nonepnHynia hsi 
raseru (bi Ao6aBOti» — raserH nowensypHot, KaKE „GapatOBCďúft JIh- 
CTOKb^), H6 MoryTB 6htl HasBanu hh „BwiHSu^nnafH*, hk „ooHOBan- 
HHMH Ha c^xax*b". He Menie hcho h to, tto HBBŠcrie o npoHCxoAHB- 
mem 24-ro ídju bi Xap6HHÍ, sa híu^kojmo tíícevl Bepcrs on EpKyrcsa, 
ne uorMo B036yAHTb, 28-ro aBryera, TpeBory b^ HacejeniH sroro nocjJU- 
Hflro ropoAa {rbiah 6ojtbe, hto nanan^fm vh „Bocro^nEroirb OtSoaptaffi' 
noHBHjocb coo6ni,eHie o&h oojatijoHin Kb XapÓHHi xojropHoi anHA^ói). 
J^A HacB, BnpoTOKB, HHTepecsa ne ctojbko 4|>aKTHnecBaH, doiuo i^- 
AH^eesaH cTopona Bonpoca, Mu AyMaeirb, ^nx> oco6Ha ycJiOBiji, b% ko- 
TopuH nocraajiena Hama noBpeneHHaa ne^aTb, HiďLDoqairnb BOBMOSHocrb 
sasoHOMipBaro pacnpocTpaHeHÚi na nee aMctbui ofiasaTejBHiirb no- 
CTanoBJíeHifl, rposHn^rB aAMHHHcrpaTHBHioíH BgHCBamjntR sa Hapymeme 

B8AaHHUZ'B aAMHHHCTpaiÚeiD npaB&TE. Bb CaMOlTb A^^^ HÍM!b MOTXBI- 

pyeraa, o(5uKHOBeHHo, ycTaHOBJíeoie mjv)6uuxb BsucKasíft? HboÓxoah- 
MOGTBK) HeMedAeHHou^ penpeccíH, ne saAepsHBaeMOĚ npoKeceyajibHlon 
(|K)piia]ni H oÓpaAftMH. Qo OTHomeHiD n nonpeiieHHoft ne^ara rasafl 
penpecela cymecTByerB hoctohhho, Kat^ vb bhaJ^ oLeHaypu, morjuijA 
saHepRHyTB jii)6oe cjobo, jro^yio <t>pa3y, Jm6jv> craTLi) (hjh — ecjuí ne- 
pioAHHecRoe HSAaníe npHHaAJesHn kl ^HCjy tskl HasuBaeMurb 663- 
i^eHsypHiixi, — 3aAepsaTL buxoa:b wl CBsirb AaHnaro nyvepa hjih AftHHoft 

EHHSKH), TaBl» H Vh BHAt aAMHHHCTpaTHBHUXl RapTB, BOCXOAfln(HX'B 0TB 

npeAoorepeseHÍH ao nojraaro BanpenceHui. Ectb n, aaTftirb, ocHOBame 
npHcoeAHBaTB kb arHirB vipavB, AocratoTOo pasnootipasmirB h Aocra- 
To^no cHjiBHHirB, en^e oAny xaTeropik) aAMHHRcrpaTHBHifirB BSHCsami, 
coBAaBaeiiyD oÓflBaTejfBHUMH nocranoBJíeBiHini? noJiosHiii, ^ro Hmamuen- 
Hoe H8BÍcTie, Moryn^ee BusBaTB Tpesory vb nacejeníH, paciipocrpaHaetcji 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



H31 (»K(l€TBEHa0A XPOHHKH. 855 

7CTH0, TÍM!h iUH JtpyrmrB (m^hBUXb jiisafiwh. DpH HopitfajiBHiixi ycjo- 
Biaxh BOBMOSHO Toxhso oj^Ho: npecjrtAOBaHÍe Tasoro jun^a n oóiqeirB 
cjfifiónovb nopigqcb. 3to mosot^ noBasaTbCJi, es hsb^thoí touh spteia, 
GJonHRoirB MeAJeHHUirB, cjumiKoinb cjatfiUPB epexcTBOirB orpas^eHÚi no- 
paXBft — H BOTB, aAMHHHcrpaiMA ofijresaerrea ahckp^^íohhoě BJiacTbD, p^ 
mema BOTopoi HcnaiHAimui Heiie^MeHHo h (SesanauuiiqoHHo. Hh vb 
Hen nojsfiŮEom Ha;^otfHocTH híts, Bor;(a pacnpoerpaHiiTeieirB rpoBos- 
HUTB ejyxoBi HBJíflercA n6Ha'n, h 6e3x Toro yse Boojrirb daracHMafl on 
ajpfHHKcrpaiUH. Cjrixs^vh HaA&raBca, iro ■psyrcRífi KasmMfiETh ocraHercA 
ejqiHCTBeflHHirE wb cbookb po^b. 



Brh cTaTbi r. CyjHroBcsaro: „ropoAcsoe ynpaBJtemo bi ryóepniiixi 
i^ipcTBa nojbCKaro", Hane^aTaHHoft vb íDHBCBOfi BHHrt Hamero syp- 
Haja, 6uja OTxana ciipaBe^jraBOCTB noiesHofi ^^tojiiHocth Óusmaro 
npesiueHTa ropoAa BapmaBu, renepajia CL H. OrapuHseBHqa. 8toti 
3acjyseHHufi jsíbATexb^ cbprbBmiŘ cA^^aTB MHoroe npH ycjoBiflxi va^o 
6jiaroiipúiTHHxi, csoHqaiCA rl MEHyBmein^ aBrycr^ iiicai^ h norpe- 
Óewh Ha oxHOiTB H3i BapmaBCRHxx uaA^HmB. Bb a6hb ero noxopoHi^, 
no cjiOBaiTB ero 6paTa (cm. íí 240 ,C.-neTeptíyprcBHX'B BtAOMOCTeň**), 
B&k samiTifl h pafiorii vb BapmaB^ Óiui opiocTanoBJíeHU, Bct asHrejH 
ropoAa, 6e9b pasjnniA nauioHajBnocTeft h cocjiobíě, nosejajni OT^aiB 
nocjiij(HiDD ^ecTB noBoĚHOMy. 9to ne nonima^o „HoBOMy BpeneHH'' 
Hane^aTaTB BoppecnoH^enitiD, aBToprB Koropoft, npBsnaBaii, vro G. H. Cra- 
pHHKeBHTB nojiBSOBajrcji BceoÓnpnrB ysasenieirB h vb pyccsoiTB o6n^ 
ctbí BapmaBu^ oTsusaercji o neiťB Tarb: „EavB háb JH($epajiu-3anaA- 
HHKH cTaparo saBajia, noBointifl, xopomo OTjraqaji BAoppauJi naiýoHajiB- 
HUA Tpe6oBaHÍH OTB moBHHHSMa y jj^pyraxi napoAnocTeft, roTOEB (Sujtb 

BMjCbTB npOABJeHie mOBHHHSVa BO HHOniX^B Bnont OCHOBaTOJIBHUX^B 

TpefioBaHúixi^ pyccBOĚ napoAnocTH h rocyAapcTBOHHocTH. KasB ^ejo- 
B^KB CB npHTynjieHBUirB pyccKHiťB nai^ioHajiBHUirB ^yBCTBOirB, owb ne 
crByn&TB KB BapmaB^ coÓJuoAaxB paBnoB^cie Mes^y pyccBHMH HHTepe- 
caMH H HHTepecaMH nojiBCBoft napc^HOCTH, nepi^BO oBJíonaJtOí vb nojosy 

nOJflBOB^ H MaiO SaÓOTBJCA Ofil OXpaHeHÍH naMHTHHBOBl pyccBoft CTa- 

pHHu BfB BapmaBÍ*'. Bb noATBepasAeHie cBoero mhíhíh BoppecBOHxenrB 
npuBOAHTB ABa 4>aBTa: C. H. OrapfiiaBeBHTB ne mopb yBasaTB, rjsib ocra- 
HaBJHBaJCfl VB BapmaBi Ilerp^ BejiHBiĚ, h oahbi pasi ne nanena- 
TajTB Bi „BapmaBCBoiTB XHeBHHBt*' o6M&ieHie (BaeaBmeecji ropoA- 
CBHx^B BOAonpoBOAOBTB), nocjaHHoe HiTB Vb nojiBCBÚi rasoTuI H na dTHXi- 
TO ocHOBaHÍAX'B, jífi dfi^niHoro cjiafiuxi, ctpohtca yB^penie, tto C. H. Gra- 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



856 BMTHKKB IBPOIIH. 

piifiseBUTb 6ash ^aiOBiit^ cb npumtfnjieHHHMh pyoómiMh namoHOAMibíMh 
H99ůmeoMb\ BpaiTB ero Tucairy pasi npasi, yrsepsAUit ^nH> naipionisirB 
noKoftHaro 6ujrb ^ho rpomoBiifi, He noRasHofi*, a paByMBHĚ; ohi> no- 
HHMajrs, TTO „jiyqiDafl noxmmsA, Bi^pffbftnrée cp6;(CTB0 wsi ýHHTřoše- 
aíJi posHH Hai^HajBHOcfet — ero Bnojrat j(o6pocoB%cTHoe, ÓJiaropoxHoe, 
^ecTHoe, paayviKye h cepA^qme Hcnojroeme BoaioaceHHoft sa nero oós- 
3aHiiocTfl 9a6ombea o ((jiarocooTOflHiH ropoj^a h ero nacejieHúi^. Ecjni<$B 
TaRHrb pyceBHTb ;^ojshocthiix% jhi^, sasi C. H. CrapHHReBHTB, vh 
ryfi^Hian i^tpCfBa nojrBCsaro tfiuo 6ojbHie, ropa^xo Óojisme, — ^nojose- 
Híe STHxi ryóepmž 6iuo 6a ne TaRHinb, BasHVb mu Buxbjoí ero ne- 
AaBHO b:b KBxrh B. Jl^. CnacoBHqa h 9. ^HJlB^a 0« 



Post-scríptum. — Bi nocjri^AHee BpeMu bte raaerarB nojiBHjiocb BecBva 
BaacHoe cooómeme MHHHCTepcTBa Hapo^Haro iipooB^n^emír, cjitj^yv^aro 
coA^psaHúi: „Bb HHTepecan BUACHeHifl He^ocraTSOBi HUH^inHeft Bucmefi 
mROjni H HSucKaHÍfl cnocoÓOBi bi hx^e ycTpaHemD, fimnrifi m hhhctptb hb- 
po^aro npocff&n^^iA, refiepajrb-aAiDTaHTB BaHHOBCRÍft, i^ByjtupHo npo- 
CHJrb noneUTejreft no^iesan^ixi jneÓBUTb ospyroB^b npej[fioxíSTh covi- 
T9Wb yHmepcHTerooB it cooTBftTCTByromHirB coBity y^pea^^emjDTL Apy- 
mvh BUcntHxi* yqeÓHmi saBe^^eHifi BucsasaTb cboh coo6paxeBÍH otho- 
cirrejfBHo sejrarejbEiix^E HairbneHift Wh ycTasax^ h mTaTars, a TaBse 
coo6otHTb MOTHBHpoBaHHus sBEjno^eHÍA no FfeKOTopuiTB oiipej^eHHmrB 
BonpocaiTB, saeaKHltHMCfl ycrpoftcTBa Bucmeft mROjm. Ob oceHM mrejb- 
maro ro^a crajm nocTynaTB vh HHHHCTepCTBO oss^aBiníecfl ot3Ubh h 
jpřn pascMOTpiBÚi nocjrfiAHHxi, a paBHo h BRjDqeBia hxi vb o6I^iĚ 
cboa'b, 6wik opraBHBOBaHa npH líHHHCTepcTB'^ oco6afl RomiHccifl, roto- 
paji huh4 saROH^H^a ne^aTaHie CBoeft paÓOTu. Bcjiij(CTBÍe cero bi na- 
CToamee Bpeiui ji^a oScjxjsfimn Bonpoca o npeoópasoBaHÍH BUcmHrB 
y^efiHiirB saBe^eml B^AoircTBa MHHHCTepcTBa Hapo^Haro npocB^niesui 
otfpadOBHBaercH, cb Buco^aftmaro coHSBOjreHia, oco6afl, loj^ npeAcÍA&- 
Te^BCTBoiTB yiipaBjjiDmaro MHHHcrepcTBoirB, TatHaro coB^THiiRa 3eHrepa, 
ROMUHccia, ciyHacTievB npexcTaBirrejieft bucbihxi y^e^mm saBe^i^eHift 

BixOMCTBa, no BHÓOpy COB'&TOBl yHHBepCHTerOBl H COOTBiTCTByDniHXl 

coBiTy y^pea^OHii, a paBHO b npeíCTaBHrejie* mraHCTepcTOB h rjaB- 
varh ynpaBieniň, vb ^jsibmE rohxi HaxoxaTCfl Bucmúi y^edHUH saBO- 
xenifl". nepBoe saci^aHie aTot romxhccíh 6ujio HaanaqeHo na 30-oe cen- 
TAtfpH. — Htbrb, h fb d^ýb BHcmaro oCpaaoBama HHHi^iaTHBa, ROTopyi) 
BBJUTB na ce6i[ n. C. BanHOBCRÍft, ne ocrajiacB óescjAwoŘ. 3ajioroirB 



O Cm. „BicTH. BBpoiiH^, ceHT. 902 r., crp. 340. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



H31 OBUpCXBEHHOfi XPOHHKH. 857 

(SiaronpúiTHaro mm Bucmeň msojii Hcxo^a pa6oTi kommhccíh cjiysuTb, 
M6ZAT npoTHui, eji cocTaai. IIpeACTaBHTeJDf, BHÓpaHHue caMHMH co- 

BŽTaMH, ABATCa JHyHIIIHlíH BHpaaHTOIflMH H yCepAHtĚmHMH San^HTHHKaMH 

nosejami, rocnoACTByomHx^E bi npo4>eccopcKOirB idpi. Pojb, wb 9Towb 
cjijqa'^ AaHHafl coBiTam, — bmíctí cx npeAOCTaBJemeirb jswl npasa 
Hsépank KypaTopoBi h HjeHOBrb npo<{>eccopCKaro cy^a, — nosBOJnerb 

CKBHA&Tb, TFO HOBHŽ yHHBepCHTeTCRiŘ yCiaBl BOSBpaTHTB COB^TaiTb 

SHa^eme, yrpaneHnoe hmh, bi 1884 ro^y, ki aBHOMy apej^y ji^ia yHH- 

BepCHT6TCR0Ě SH3HH. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



853 MOTHHBl ESPOmi. 



H3B^mEHIfl 



Oti IIonEqHTEiibCTBÁ o rjiyxoH^Muxi. 

Ob pasirbmeelfl RoMHreTa IIone^HT&iBCTBa FocyAapííHH Hm neparprapi 
MapÍH OeoAopoBHu o rjyxoHtiiuxi, ci npej^cTOHii^aro oKTuópa irkflua 
^jieHaKH Cosixa cero noneqirrejiBCTBa, AonropaiíH MeAHi](HHU M. B. Bor- 
AaHOBun-BepesoBCKHirb h E. C. BopmnnojbCKHirB, OTRpuBaercfl vb 
C.-nerepfiyprt (RpoKOBi KaH., j^. 7) „IítckíS CaAi**' W« rjyxoHÍMHXi 
jki>teŘ AomBOJBHaro BospacTa h npa HeM-b cneHiaAbHbte KMccbi ajui 6ojb- 
Hux^b cb paacmpoucmeoMu ptbHu (saHRib, socHOfi3iiqHurB, HÍ^]fux'B (a({)a- 
THROBOb) H ncHXHHecKH-rjyxHX'b) H fl,Jía ÓoJiBHUxi Cb pa^cnipoůcmmMu 
CAyxa (rjyxHxi, TyroyxHxi h r^yxonimixi ci ocTaTEaMH cjiyxa). 

^-i^TCKift Ca;n» 6yj^erB HaxoAHTBCfl vh bív;^híh h HenocpeACTBeHHon 
noKpoBHTeJiBCTBi^ Kone^HTejBCTBa F. H. M. 8. o rjyxoF&Muxi. 



HsAaTeu ■ OTBiTCTBeHHHft pexasTopi: M. CtáCH)JIEBIí9' 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



OOJIEPIAHIE 

na:TAro tojwia 



Cbhtotpb. — OrrJiBPb. 1902. 

OTP. 

RpBCTiJiBCBoi i%io n Dfo-Bkjuimowb KPA&.— no iHHHHm BOCDOionaBúnn.— I-IY. 

e. e. BOPOUOHOBA 5 

Bi onycTMOMi aoma.— HoBtcTi.— VII-XII. -OKoa'íaHÍe.--K. rOlOBHHA . . . 62 

GoHBTH fflBKcnHPA.— 1— 20.— IlepeB. C. HJtbHHA 90 

HKuni.— Paaewtói,— I-XIV.— H. CBBEPOBA 101 

^▲morscus ium^jkthctií xix b^ká. — VlII-Xyi. — OKOHianie. — X. F. HHGA- 

POBA 126 

Há SOJOTtfXl nPIRCBAXl Bl lOxHOfi AjfEPHKA. — Ilo IB^HHirb BOCnOMHHamJDfl. — 

m.— H. C. MAPKA 181 

Rni. — PoMEHi. — Kim, by R. Kipling. — XII-XV. — OKOHHaeie. — Ci ehtí. 

n— HH C— BOfi 213 

H3% BCTOPm BTOPOŘ HMQBPiH. — Histoire da Seeond Empire, par P. ďe Jja 

Gorce. Tomeš IV-Y.— J. 3. CIOHHMCKArO 286 

XPO]raKl.~y^lBHfi nPOTHBBHKl OBII^HHH. — B.B 805 

BHyrPEHUEE OBoapftHiE.— Cejii>CKo-xo34ificTBeHHii& iipoTeiu](ioflH3]n>.— El. BHPID- 

KOBHHA 818 

OaHA B3l OKPABBl POCCIB.— ,,09epeXBH6 BOITOOCU Bl I^apCTBt DOJbC&OMl'*, B. 

CoacoBBqa b 3. I[Bjma.~-K. R. APGÉHLEBA 340 

Hboctpibboe OfioapftBiB. — EypCKÍe boxab wb RancKofi koiobíb b bi AariÍB. — 
IlaiBTBirecKoe XBBzeflie bi dzboÁ A4>pbkí. — Kancuft napianeaTi b ^6m- 
6epieirB. — MaKe^oBodfi Bonpoci. — BpDCceacufi Kosrpecci bi sauuiTy 
apMAHi 866 

Ho flOBOXF MARBXOBCKArO BOOPOCA. — UflCblIO B81 Co4ÁB. — H. K. . . . 369 

jBTBPATypflOB OfiosPMOE. — B. A. ^paBi^eBi, O^epKB no BcropÍB Hemciaro Bospo- 

KAOBU. PyCCK0-H6inCBÍii T^eHIU CBB3B KOBAa Xyni B nepBOft nOIOBBBH 

XIX CTOJ. -A. n.— FpaJKb IlaBerB IIIepeiieTeBi, 3bmbbji n&boKUí wb Bi- 
losepcKÍĚ Kpafi. - £. JI. — A. 3oTOB'b, ConameBie b ipereftcuft cyxi Mexxy 
npeAnpBBBMaTeiBMB b paÓo^BMB bi aeriificKoft BpfBBOŘ npoMHiueB- 
BOCTB. — A. A. 3y6pBiBBi, GnocoÓH yjy^meBÚi KpecTUBCKaro xosBftcTBa 
vb BenepHOseMBoft nojoct. — B. B.— Hobhji ebbfb b ÓpomvpH 381 

HoBOCTB HBocTPABBofi JlflTEPAiTPu. — I. Gustave Kahn, L^Adultére Sentimental. 
— II. Robert de la Sizeranne, Miroir de la vie (Essais sar révolution 
esthétique). — 3. B 396 

HBBPO^orB.— A. A. PBftHrojbATi.— rPJar. THMO^EEBA. 407 

HSI OBUtSCTBEBHOft XPOHBRB. — BpeMeBBHB pOCIIBCaBÍB ypOROBl Bl MiaXIDBXl 

uaccaxi rBMuaaií b peajiBBuxi y^BJBiiii. — ItBpKyuipi ynpa&uuDJuaro 
MBHBCTepcTBOMi Bapo^Haro npocBiiueBÍB. — nepecMOTpi» TopoAOBoro Ho- 
jozeHin. — Bjaerb b3i mbíbíř ^^rpaxAaBBBa*' o seitcTBdb b Epecnuniazi, o 
aa^aibsoft jdkoií b yBBBepcBTerb, o saccaiiioHBUxi pimeBiaxi b Kpe- 
CTBBBCRom 6aBK'&. — RpecTbiiflCKil 6aHKi B „Mockobcbúi Bíaomoctb''. — 

HicKOJiLKo cjOBi no axpecy „Pyccsaro B:bcTBB&a'' 410 

BBBJiorpA«BucKifi JIbctori.— Pe4)op]fa x6flexBaro oÓpan^oBk bi Poccíb b npo- 
MHnueBBuft Kpfl3Bcx (1893 — 1902) 11. n. MflryiBBa, npo(t». xapBK. ^bb- 
BepcBTeTa. — M. B. Ke^exzB-UIanoBaiOBx, ^eBCRoe xBBzeflie bi Poccíb b 
3a rpaBBi^eft. — B. Pypao, Yctob aapo^Baro xoaaficTBa Poccíb. Arpapao- 

8K0B0MBHeCBÍe 9TDXH. 

Obibbjebiji. — I-IV; I-XII exp. 



Digitized by VjOOQIC 



860 BACTHHBl SBPOflU. 



KHflra xeeflTafl. — Osrjitfpb. 

CTP. 

Comoioriii H HOTOPH«OEOB nosHAHiE.— I-TIII.— ESF. TAPIE 429 

Ha nojnjrTH.— noB*CTb.— I-X.-.BAJIEP. CBOTJOBA 476 

Ha aoiOTHxi opihokaxi wb K)zHoft Ameprk*. — IIo iHuion BOcnoMHHaHijnrh. — 

lY.-H. KJLAJPKA 514 

-BaHCEnwmi itam**.— Onepii.— B. I. ÍMHTPIEBOfl 646 

ámEiBHAii TOProBJA H cnEKyiJiiiui. — G. é. BOPOnOHOBA 574 

IUatxiíi ochobh. — dcBHM. — W. Ton Polens, „Wurzellocker", Boman. — I-XH. — 

n—HH C-BOS 600 

Ptcckiě KetaS. — Hama nepBaji koiohíh oa ^aiBneirb Bocroat. — I- V. — A. XBO- 

CTOBA 659 

Tpiuorifl rp. A. K. Tojiotofo kari HAAioHAjrbHAfl TPArixiii. — H. KOTASPEB- 

CKATO 697 

GmxoTBOPBHU.^y Mopa: — MaaKi. — Crapoe AepeBO.— Ha Óepery. — Y HymaHH- 

ciMďo ;íoiiHKa.--^OHTaH'B „IlepBaH jii>6obb".— O. MHXAfllOBOfi . . • 713 
Hsi HCTOPiH BTQPoft HioiBPiH. — Hi8toir6 du Secoiid £mpire, par P. de La Gorce. 

II.— OKOH^anifi.— J. 3. CJOHHMCKATO 716 

XpOHHKA. — EÍBPBHfi BAHKl láB KFCTAPlft. — B. B 784 

BuyTPKuufiB OBOspftBiB. — CaoBa, DpoESHecesHiu bi Kypcsi Focyxapeicb Hicne- 
paTopom. — TpyxH yisxHHxi soMHTeTOBi no sonpocj^ o Hyxxaxi ceiBCKo- 

XOSAĚCTBeHHOĚ OpOMHIIUeHHOCTH. — HOBHC SaSOHU: 0^ yCOBepmCHCTBOBaHÚI 

XBopaflCKHxi y^pezACHÍĚ; o XBopiracKHXi xaccaxi BsamionoMomH; o uep- 
KOBHHxi mKoiaxi; o6i» apTeuixi h xp* — Post-scriptom: Becixa r. ur- 
HHCTpa BHyrpeHHHxi Atii ci npexcraBHTejiiiMH Kypcaaro seiícTBa . . . 746 
yHHTUbCRiE RypcH H npABHJiA O sypcAxi. — IlHCbiio Bi PexaKmi).— BJ. np^PBBI. 778 
HuooTPAHHOB Obosp^his. — BHyTpeHHU xbsB, BO Í^aHi;ni. — BoeHHHft cyAi> HaA'b 
nojncoBHBROirb Cesi-PeMH. — BoftHa ci KjepHKajiaMH h pt^H xhhhctpobi. 
npHNtpH ciaBímcRaro exHHeRÚi: coÓyTu bi XopBaTÍH.— OfonuTRa aMepH- 
RaHCRaro BHtrnareibCTBa bi eBponeficRyx) nojHinRy. ^- MexAynapoAHHft 
cyAi B-B raarb. — BepjiHHCRiň TpaKTarb h Pyiuinifl 788 

JhTEPATPPHOK OBOSPftHIB. — II. FoiOBaHeBl, CH6Hpb: npHpOAa, JdAH H XlISHb. 

— E. JI. — YMep-B TajiaHn., noB. A. JyroBoro. — í^. — B. ^. BpaHATb, Top- 
roBo-irpomuDJieHHHft rphshcb bi samiAHoft EBpoirb h bi Poccíh, h. I. — 

B. B. — HoBHfl RHHra h C^ounopu 795 

HoBOCTH HBOCTPAHHoft JbiTSPATypy. — I. G. Frenssen, „lOm Uhl**. — II. Adolph 

Bartels, Geschicbte der deatschen Literatnr.— 3. B 820 

aiiHjiB 3oaA f.-K. K. APCEHBEBA 886 

Eai OBmECTBEHHofi XpoHHRH. — IIpaBHJia iipo<^ccopcRon cyAt, o RypaTopax'B, 
RypcoBiixi co6paHÍiixi> h cxapocTaxi. — Cn6. noíHxexHHHecRifi hhcth- 
Tyrb. — „yHHBepcHTeTb hjui noJHTexHHRyxi'^? — J^eaumrhňe <|)i[BaBcoBaro 
ynpaBJíeHiii. — KoHrpecci KpBMHHajiHCTOBi. bi IleTepóyprfe. — Ftexie roh- 
TpacTH.— CxpaBHHa paacjXM^etán npexnpHUHnaTejia. — BosMOXHaji cyieÓHajr 
onraÓRa. — HHTepecnyi Bonpoct.— C. H. CTapaHReBEHi f. — Post-SCTiptom. 888 

HaBiniKHiJi. -Oti noneHHTejn»cTBa o riyxonimixi 858 

BHBJíiorpA^H^ECRifi JIhctori. — HcTopiii pyccRofi JiHTepaxypH, A. H. IlHimBa, 
T. II.— CoieHenúi B. í. CnacoBma, t. X.— HyreBojiHTeiL no ORpecrao- 
CTswb íleTep6ypra, vs^. Kommhccíh no Bapo^BOMy oÓpasoB. bi Cn6. — 
I^tiH BOHBCRaro BaRasaBÍii, A. $&rbeBa.— PyccRifi KHTafi, 6apoHa A. ByRC- 
reBxeHa. — Upecrynaiifi idpi h ero sanqrrBHRB, H. B. HnRBTHBa. 
OiMBJííHw. — MV; I-XU exp. 



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